this is "through the decades" we look back at the crash of a passenger jet and an investigation shrouded in mystery. when the debut of a movie sparked violence across the country. the start of what would become an american icon. here we relive, remember and relate to the news and trends of the day through the lens of time. "there is a definite, significant health hazard associated with cigarette smoking." "the society in which the film was made incited the violence" "eyewitnesses watched in horror as plane carrying 228 began breaking apart in midair." i'm ellee pai hong. and i'm kerry sayers. and i'm your host, bill kurtis.

this is "through the decades." july 17, 1996. twa flight 800 with 230 passengers and crew had just taken off from new york's jfk airport en route to paris. they were minutes into the flight when the plane exploded mid-air, and crashed into the ocean. it would be one of the worst aviation disasters in american history and the cause of the crash would take investigators years to unravel. "what was once a majestic boeing 747 with 228 people on board has come down to this. row 2 seat 2, first class, twisted and empty - a shoe, a bag, an envelope filled pictures and bodies." there were no survivors. "the plane made a normal flight earlier yesterday from athens to new york and air traffic

control records indicate everything was routine with twa flight 800 as it left new york's kennedy airport for paris. but about 15 miles southeast of long island, the jet abruptly disappeared from radar rocked by an explosion that could be seen and heard for miles." "i saw this whole tremendous area of white cloud up there which was obviously smoke and it sort of came down in a trail into the ocean." "eyewitnesses watched in horror as plane carrying 228 people began breaking apart in midair." "i kept thinking my god; i just saw something get blown out of the sky." "whatever happened to flight 800, this much is known. it is the second deadliest crash in u.s. aviation history and maybe it wasn't an accident. sources tell cbs news, that at this hour investigators really are looking at only two possible explanations.

one, and the lesser theory, a possible catastrophic engine failure that maybe ruptured the plane's fuel tanks or two, a bomb which exploded high in the air." "as coast guard teams recovered victims and fished pieces of the jumbo jet from the watery crash site, federal investigators, including fby explosives experts began searching for signs of sabotage." in the days that followed, without conclusive evidence, a number of theories surfaced. "while the fbi has yet to formally label the downing of twa flight 800, an act of terrorism, the white house chief of staff said today that is the investigators leading theory. leon panetta speaking to reporters on air force one said that quote, 'chemical leftovers had been found among the wreckage and panetta suggested the fbi may be able to confirm a bomb in the next 24 to 48 hours."

"but panetta's prediction seemed to take investigators off guard and before the afternoon was over the white house backed off saying although residue was found, there was no positive identification that it came from explosives." "sources told cbs news that they still do not have a single piece of solid physical evidence pointing to a bomb. no traces of chemical residue and no signs of an explosion." "in addition to bomb scenario, another major theory investigators are following is that flight 800 may have been brought down by a missile. at the pentagon today, spokesman ken bacon addressed that possibility." "there were some eyewitness accounts that make it sound as if a missile could have been involved. there is precious else to support that at this stage. nothing in the radar leads anybody to believe that there was a missile involved." after the black boxes were found and examined, it looked like investigators were closing in on the bomb theory "a mysterious sound that last just a fraction of a second may hold the key to the crash of twa flight 800. it is the final sound picked up by

the cockpit voice recorder before the plane crashed into the atlantic and experts are trying right now to identify it to determine whether it's the sound of an onboard explosion perhaps caused by a bomb." "this in fact is the first substantive piece of evidence that points to explosion as the most likely cause of the crash "a day long review of the plane's black box recorders suggests a catastrophic and sudden end to the flight of twa 800. a scenario entirely consistent with a bomb." "the fbi insists that to date they still have not one single piece of solid physical evidence confirming an explosion but they say that soon they hope to retrieve some wreckage from the ocean that can prove it was a bomb and privately add investigators that really do they no longer have any doubts." more than a year after the crash, the fbi said there was no evidence of a criminal act. it would take four years and millions of dollars for the the

national transportation safety board's conclusion. the probable cause of the accident was a fuel tank explosion caused by an electrical spark. in the years that followed, the theories about what brought down flight 800 continue as does the pain of those who lost loved ones. "this is the scene right here." "this is it?" "pausing to remember with roses - his wife pam, his 10-year-old daughter shannon, his youngest, 8 year-old katie." "i've lost everything. everything that you live for." it was a coming of age story for a group of americans that rarely saw depictions of their own lives on screen. "boyz 'n the hood" took the streets of l.a mainstream whether the country was ready or not. but when it opened this week in 1991, very few were prepared for the reaction. "can we have one night when

there ain't no fighting and nobody gets shot?" the answer, this week in 1991, was 'apparently not.' "boyz 'n the hood" arrived in the midst of a cultural awakening. "i think it's a message that needs to be said." but that message about life in america's inner cities was intially deafened by a symptom of why the film was so groundbreaking in the first place. "so i just hope that people take these characters with them and let them in their hearts so that they can be touched and they can be affected, however they're affected." they were characters at the time that had rarely ever been seen on film: young, black men left behind by society. "tre, wanted to work his way up." "ricky was looking for a better life." "doughboy was living by the laws of the street." it was a storfrom the mind of director john singleton, a 23-

year-old visionary just out of u.s.c. film school. "all the stuff that's put upon us in america is centered on destroying the black man in this country. it's affected our families. what we have to do is we have to be strong and try to circumvent that, you know, and take charge of our families and that's what i'm trying to say in this movie" "this is the result of about four years hard work on his part and he was very clear about what he wanted from us. so, it was just a matter of trusting him and going with the flow." after making the film on a budget of just under six million, "boyz 'n the hood" dazzled audiences at the cannes film festival in france. "i'm pretty sure john was happy at the response the french people gave him when the movie was over. you know, i

was happy. you know, we really can go back to the states now with a movie that's been taken serious in europe, so it's like the states can't do really nothing but take us serious, you know." but when it did finally open in the u.s. - "good evening, theater owners in several cities today canceled showings of the inner city drama 'boyz 'n the hood' after a bizarre spasm of violence during last night's debut of the movie left one person dead and at least 23 wounded in cities across the country." "well we know one person was shot in the buttocks, one person was shot, received a gunshot wound to the knee, and a third person was shot in an ankle." on july 13, 1991, the public saw images of outbursts of gang violence at the first showings of the film. "in all at least six people were injured in southern california. others hurt when knives or guns were drawn in suburban new york, and ohio, minnesota, texas, wisconsin, and massachusetts." some theaters canceled showings while the film was criticized for inciting violence. "something wrong?" something wrong? yea. it's just

too bad you don't know what it is" "the film didn't incite the violence. the society in which the film was made incited the violence. you know? i didn't take the people who were doing the shooting and make them disenfranchised with the american educational system and make them illiterate and make guns easier for them to get, or put them in the correctional facility so they can learn how to be better criminals. i didn't do that, you see, the film didn't do that." "the violence happened because when the theater was overbooked, the kids thought they were being disrespected. they're very vocal in their disapproval of that." boyz 'n the hood followed "new jack city" a film that was one of a handful in the early '90s to tackle the urban plight of african american neighborhoods. it was a uneasy climate about to erupt in the form of the april 1992 l.a. riots.

joined by "juice" -- "menace to society" and right alongside the mainstream emergence of rap, "boyz 'n the hood"- became a powerful message for african americans attempting to bring awareness to real problems that the public had conveinently ignored for so long. "unfortunately this is something that's going on in our neighborhoods. and it's not something that one, two or three films can deal with. it's issues that are coming from, forces coming from a lot of different directions" "boyz" brought in ten million dollars during its first weekend, nearly doubling what it cost to make in three days. singleton would be nominated for directing anscreenplay oscars that year. but perhaps most important to him and the community that raised him, singleton delivered a message about what it was like to grow up black and poor in the united states.

"either they don't know. don't show. don't care about what's going on in the hood" a wake up call for millions of americans who had turned a blind eye to the still-relavent reasons it got that way in the first place. "it's like this country breeds illiteracy. and an emphasis on, you know just like, power from a gun, then power from the mind. and it's like, i didn't start that, you know what i'm saying. my film is about love and family and friendship in the face of all that isn't. you see." "you're my only son and i'm not going to lose you to no bullet." the release of a psychedelic movie that helped give birth to modern animation. the birth of a sign which represents not just a city but

an industry, a lifestyle and an aspiration. and the horse that broke the mold and raised the stakes. it's still to come on "through the decades"

when we look back, we often see things become much more then what they were originally intended. that certainly rings true for a collection of white, block letters protruding from a hillside above los angeles, california. the hollywood sign, officially

dedicated this week in 1923. meant as a short-term advertisement but would evolve into a symbol recognized around the world. *music "yes night will fall as it invariably must. celestial stars will smile down upon the motion picture luminaries and dust will envelope the most glamorous city in the world - hollywood." by the 1940s, hollywood was synonymous with motion pictures. an industry still in its relative infancy but one with already established prestige. an incubator for some of the world's greatest celebrities. it was a unique turn of fate for something that just two decades prior was meant to be nothing more than a brief beacon for a new land development. the hollywood sign first graced

the los angeles landscape in 1923. it was originally "hollywood- land." real estate developers used it to draw attention to a housing development situated above l.a.'s hollywood district. each of the thirteen letters stood 50 feet tall and while noneof them were built to last for very long, the budding business those letters overlooked would give the sign a whole new meaning. "hollywood, the city of magic, where some find aladdin's lamp and all their dreams come true." by the time of hollywood's golden age, the hollywood sign was in bad shape and many in los angeles were calling for it to be torn down. but in 1949, the hollywood chamber of commerce came to the rescue. they wanted a symbol for what had quickly come to define their section of the city.

"land" was dropped but the rest remained. and grew into an instantly recognizable landmark and piece of popular culture. the very symbol of a place and the industry it nurtured. "hollywood. brilliant tinsel city of lights and fantasy. hollywood. glorified glittering fascinating fabulous mythical kingdom. hollywood. the glamour capital of the world." in all of sports, few accomplishments are as rare as horse racing's triple crown. the names of those who have won it resonate in the lore of the track. but for one horse, fame wasn't what his owner was looking for. and this week in 1951, citation set a standard in the sport of kings. "in the homestretch, it's all over but the statistics. yes, he's mighty impressive."

impressive was an understatement. what citation pulled off in his career is best illustrated in the cold reality of cash. at the time-- most family's were making less than three grand a year. you could get a new car for around $1200, a house for less than $8000. but citation's owner warren wright his mind on a single goal - to see citation become racings first millionaire. while citations' bloodlines were rather ordinary, what he went on to accomplish was anything but. as a two year old, he won nine of 10 races. then followed that up with the greatest season in history. "and citation, number one, had the race in his keeping all the way really and at just the right moment the jockey arcaro let him loose.

he was soon passing chow town and on his way to victory." as a three year old, he won 19 of his 20 races including reaching horse racings's holy grail. "they're off! citation stumbling as he breaks out of the gate but then settling down for the long mile and a half ride." "this fleet winner of the derby, the preakness and now the belmont stakes. that makes it the triple crown." citation became the eighth triple crown winner in horse racing history securing his legacy. and he wasn't done. citation won nine more races on his way to being named horse of the year in 1948. he'd sit out the entire 1949 season with an injury but wright's chase of a million brought citation back to the track as a five year old. though well past his prime, on july 14, 1951 citation's win at the hollywood gold cup in inglewood made him the sports first millionaire. ironically his owner warren wright died seven months earlier.

still citation's triple crown would stand as the benchmark of greatness until 1973 when secretariat finally ended the quarter century drought. one that would help cement citation's legacy. the allied powers come together to formulate a plan for life after the second world war. the death of america's most trusted newsman and the technology that changed the music industry. the journey continues next on "through the decades." the journey continues next on "through the decades."

sometimes refered to as the queen of stand-up... phyliss dler was born july 17 in 1917. she was well known for her eccentric wardrobe, her self- depcrecating humor and unique laugh. nils bohlin was born the same day in 1920. bohlin was a swedish inventor who created the three-point safety belt while working at volvo. david hasselhoff also came into this world on july 17, 1952. "the hoff" made his name on tv in "knight rider" and "baywatch" the world lost one of the greats in american jazz july 17, 1959. singer billie holiday died at the age of 44 after years of drug abuse and drinking. and in 2009, we lost another prominent figure. walter cronkite anchored the cbs evening news for 19 years and was widely considered the most trusted man in america.

a land where dreams come true debuts on the west coast. an invention that revolutionizes the way we listen to music and the smokescreen clears on a cover-up by big tobacco.

♪ ♪ it took serena williams years to master the two handed backhand. but only one shot to master the chase mobile app. technology designed for you. so you can easily master the way you bank. on july 17 in 1955, disney

opened its theme park in california. disneyland was built on 160 acres of former orange groves in anaheim and cost 17 million to build. today, the park hosts more than 14 million visitors a year who spend close to three billion. and in 1972, the first two women to join the fbi as agents began their training at quantico, virginia. former marine susan roley malone and former nun joanne pierce misko completed the 14-

week training and 40 years later were honored for their groundbreaking service. and in 1989, the b-2 stealth bomber flew for the first time. the military aircraft was engineered to deliver weapons behind enemy lines and evade soviet air defenses. in 1945, president harry s. truman, soviet leader josef stalin and british prime minister winston churchill began meeting at potsdam in the final allied summit of world war ii. the three leaders gathered to decide how to administer punishment to the defeated nazi germany which had agreed to unconditional surrender nine weeks earlier. in 1998, a 7.1 magnitude earthquake hit papua, new

guinea. the quake caused a large undersea landslide which in turn triggered a tsunami that hit the country's coast killing more than 2200 people. and in 2001, the supersonic airliner concorde was brought back into service following a devastating crash in france that killed 113 people the year before. concorde would hang on for another two years before it was retired in 2003 due to a general downturn in the aviation industry. july 17 in pop culture gave us grace kelly's last film before she retired to become the princess of monaco. in 1956, the movie musical "high society" also starring, louis armstrong, bing crosby and frank sinatra opened in theaters around the united

states. in 1968, the beatles' animated feature film "yellow submarine" premiered. the movie is credited with bringing more interest in animation as a serious art form. and in 1987, ozzy osbourne began a 16 week tour of u.s. prisons. they were a blessing for music lovers and a curse for music creators. the "m-peg one audio layer three" made it possible to store songs on computers giving birth to a future of music piracy. that file name is better known as the "m-p-three" and it offically got its name this week in 1995. in the '80s, the compact disc became the next best way for fans to enjoy music. but when the internet came along, cd's would actually be

behind a revolution of the music industry. a revolution that officially began on july 14, 1995. compact discs store high- quality digital music files. those files in the '80s and '90s were too big for personal computers. that created a challenge for engineers to solve. how could they shrink file sizes so they could be uploaded to computers and potentially shared or downloaded on the internet? they needed to be compressed. a group of german non-profit engineers working for the fraunhofer network of institutes started to develop an easy-to-understand concept. a three-minute song on a c-d takes up roughly 32 megabytes of data. however, 90-percent of that data is inaudible to the human ear. so if those engineers could shed that extra data from an audio file all of a sudden, songs would become small enough to store and share. on july 14, 1995, dot-m-p-three

became the universal file name using that type of compression. the smaller song sizes became perfect for companies like napster to create file-sharing sites where people could swap music for free over the internet. it took until 2003 for apple to launch its i-tunes store, a point when legal downloads began to takeover. but regardless how it was used, the fraunhofer network filed the patents along the way and would reap the benefits. the new york times reported that licencing fees alone for the m-p-three netted the organization more than 16.8 billion euros in 2003. a world and industry changing technology that was officially born on july 14, 1995. our journey continues. the master of glitz and glamour is shot down by a serial killer.

congress casts a safety net to save a company fighting for its life. plus, a master spy who helped the allied forces fool the nazi's sends his first message. but first we look at what was making news july 17 "through the decades." for one man though, excess was the very signature of his legacy. gianni versace. the flamboyant designer who shaped '90s fashion. with colors so vibrant, designs wild. he embraced the outrageous. but at the height of his career, versace was shot dead on the front steps of his miami mansion, july 15, 1997. "fashion designer gianni versace was murdered today. gunned down outside his mansion in miami, florida. versace was a fashion icon. his empire spanned the worlds of the famous and perhaps the infamous." on the morning of july 15, 1997, fashion designer gianni versace was returning home from a nearby coffee shop. opening the gate to his mansion, he was shot twice in the ad at point-blank range.

he was the last stop on a killer's nearly two month trail. "what i do know it's not a random act of violence." "hundreds of police and fbi agents are searching tonight for the man tonight suspected of murdering gianni versace in miami beach. he is the same suspect wanted in a cross-country spree that began this spring in the midwest. police have received hundreds of tips about where andrew cunanan might be." andrew cunanan's connection to versace is unknown. the two were rumored to hang out in similar circles but the fbi never proved the two actually met. and cunanan's ultimate reason to end with versace is still a mystery. "police won't talk about evidence and they won't say if gianni versace knew andrew cunanan but versace was gay. cunanan reportedly moved in big money gay circles in california." the 27-year-old killed his first victim in minneapolis in april.

over the next two months, he killed three more times - again in minneapolis, then in chicago, new jersey before ending on the front steps of versace's home. the final murder triggered a nationwide manhunt that ended eight days later. cunanan's body was found in an abandoned boat 40 blocks from versace's home. he killed himself. versace's murder at the age of 50 threatened a multi-million dollar empire that was founded in 1978, one tied forever to the decade he left: the '90s. "gianni versace was not a man known for understatement and his mark on the fashion world was unmistankenly bold. but questions linger about whether the versace fashion empire lay atop a pile of dirty laundry." versace is a signaturebrand of the '90s. he focused on the excess,

flamboyance and vivid colors, we remember from the era. while his fashion had no limits on its reach. until july 15, 1997. "it will fundamentally affect the business. because if it was going to float in the way it was previously being considered, then it would be based around the individual, his personality, his style, his drive. if you take that away, what have you got left? you've got a label and a delightful history of a very, very talented man. but what you don't necessarily have is an ongoing business case that you can invest your money in." versace sales dropped after his death and the company struggled in the early 2000s. though it remained in the family. gianni's sister, donatella owns 20-percent. his brother, santo owns thirty and gianni left a majority of the business, 50-percent, to his niece allegra, donatella's daughter. most americans will be able to

remember the auto industry bailout during the great recession in 2008. but the groundwork for that multi-billion dollar deal was laid this week in 1971 when a major government contractor received what would be one of the first of many helping hands extended by uncle sam. "the question will be: 'where does the government draw the line between public interest and preferential treatment?'" in 1971, president richard nixon was leaning in the direction of "public interest" when considering if the federal government should loan "lockheed" 250 million dollars to keep it from going bankrupt. the company needed the money to finish its next commercial jetliner. for six months the government debated the issue considering whether to stand idle while thousands lost their

jobs or agree to set a critical economic precedent. it was a decision that got a push forward by a senate committee on july 13, 1971. "this is the plane that lockheed and the administration are trying to save. the l-1011 tri-star, a commercial passenger jet" lockheed was in the middle of development of its "l-ten- eleven tri-star" jet when it learned the engine- maker, british manufacturer rolls royce was going under and would not be able to hold up its end of the deal. "we had been aware of the technical funding and schedule difficulties, but we had been assured that they could be solved without major impact on the total program. we were completely surprised and appalled at the precipitous decision made by the rolls royce board of directors and the sudden withdrawal of the british

government's financial support for this key industrial firm" lockheed now needed help to avoid suffering the same fate. it was a period in american history that had just seen a similar request come from penn central railroads. "we will be pushing for and press on for the enactment of legislation on a permanent basis which would provide up to 750 million dollars in guaranteed loans to financially stricken railroads." that bailout plan also had president nixon's support but congress failed to act. penn central filed for bankruptcy before the government eventually came in and created a national railroad conglomerate a year later. when it was lockheed's turn, it used a more sympathetic propaganda tool to win votes. its workers. "i've been with lockheed with 20 years now. if we don't get this loan, i suppose we'll all get laid off. i have a home and i'll probably lose that. i'll probably lose my car. i have no idea how i'll feed my family. probably have to go on welfare like

everybody else i suppose." lockheed claimed bankruptcy would cost the american economy 60,000 jobs. but even nixon's own economic advisers, including future fed chair alan greenspan, were skeptical about the government lending a private business money. a concern echoed by industry leaders. "i think the industry is waiting for a signal here. they're going to view this in one of two ways. either, that you have to compete, you have to stand up and be counted for, the programs you get involved in. you do well if you succeed, and if you do them poorly, you fail. if we allow - if the government allows itself to interfere in that process then the industry is going to say that you don't have to be right when you start out, there's forgiveness waiting if you fail. and if you fail big enough, they'll bail you out. it's just as clear as a bell

and everybody's going to read it that way" but the jobs concern rang louder and the bill passed the house and was sent out of senate committee on july 13, 1971. the full senate voted on the "emergency loan guarantee act" three weeks later. "49 aye and 48 no. the lockheed loan has passed." *cheering the bill passed by a single vote. "i think we're real happy and glad it's over with now. we can go back to doing what we do best, and that's building airplanes." "my husband and i both work here, so we both would've had to be on unemployment, so we're kind of glad that it went through." but while it was a short-term victory for lockheed, the jet it was bailed out to make never took off. outclassed by the douglas dc 10 and the boeing 747, the tri-star lost the competition and was discontinued in 1983. so in the end, the precedent to bail out lockheed ended up with a longer legacy than the jet

itself. from chrysler-- to the savings and loan crisis--- the airlines following nine- eleven and the auto and bank bailouts in 2008. lockheed was one of the first private companies to secure funding from the federal government because it had become "too big to fail." after years of lying to the public about the dangers of smoking, big tobacco was exposed after some leaked documents reveal the truth. its next as "through the decades" continues.

it was the smoking gun for the smoking industry. documents leaked from the offices of one major company blew the roof off what was a 30-year cover-up. in 1995, the american medical assocation used those papers to pull the wool off the country's eyes. "the tobacco manufacturers have for decades have kept open the question through the big lie technique that maybe there's not really a health question. well, i think they've lost that debate." nearly two years after congressman henry waxman blasted big tobacco for what many knew already on july 13, 1995, the american medical journal released a damning report showing that the tobacco

industry knew their products caused cancer and hid that fact for three decades. "i do not believe that nicotine is addictive." that was the standard answer from tobacco executives. they poked holes in study- after-study that started to show smoking carried some serious health affects. the industry also stayed defiant even as the public was starting to come around to tobacco's side effects. according to the cd, in 1965, nearly half of all american adults were regular smokers. by '95, that number had been cut in half to just under 25- percent. a fact big tobacco even tried to spin to its advantage. "40 million americans have quit smoking. that fact in and of

itself defies the allegation that nicotine is addictive in the sense that that word is used with respect to heroin and cocaine and things that truly are addictive. the evidence does not establish that nicotine is addictive in the sense that the anti-tobacco zealots are trying to use that term." but documents sent to the university of california at san francisco would burn tobacco- field sized holes in that argument. more than a year earlier, a former paralegal for a law firm represented brown and williamson - the makers of kool, pall mall, and lucky strike - and sent a box of four-thousand documents to this man, professor stanton glantz at ucsf. he would post all of them on the library's website before writing five articles about the documents to send to the prestigious "journal of the american medical association." "the ama's unprecedented unanimous opinion said that

internal documents from one company, brown and williamson, show the tobacco industry knew the addictive and cancer- causing impact of cigarette smoking for 30 years." the articles were all accepted and in a never-before-seen move the board of trustees even wrote an aggressive editorial condemning the tobacco's industry's efforts. a week before the issue went public, the ama announced their plan to publish them on july 13, 1995. "they knew what they were doing. they knew tobacco caused cancer. they knew nicotine is addicting." to put that in perspective, the ama had ignored the issue for years in the '60s and '70s. even refuting the initial health issues of smoking by attorney general luther terry in 1964. "there is a definite, significant health hazard

associated with cigarette smoking." the ama even took 18-million dollars from the tobacco industry to do tobacco-related studies and kept quiet about its effects for more than nine years. that's why the public skewering of big tobacco in 1995 had such an impact. even after finding out tobacco companies knowingly hid the harmful effects of their products for three decades, americans continue to smoke. "my feeling is also that coffee is and alcohol is and there are a lot of things that are bad for you. i agree cigarette smoking is bad for me, but i do it." "this is like the hippest thing that i know most people do, you know. i don't think it should be considered a drug." but the argument back in 1995 was - americans should have the righto know the truth and decide for themselves. on july 13 of that year, the

american medical association finally told them what most americans had thought was the case. this week in 1995 may have marked the end of the tobacco industry in americabut not the end of smoking it's estimated that 12 billion people still smoke throughout the world, every day, puffing on 15 billion cigarettes according to the cdc, more than 16 million americans are living with a disease caused by smoking cigarette smoking causes 480,000 deaths a year, the largest preventable cause of death in the us total economic cost of smoking is more than 300 billion dollars a year, including nearly

170 billion in direct medical care for adults each day, more than 3,200 people younger than 18 smoke their first cigarette and each day, an estimated 2,100 young adults who have been occasional smokers will become daily smokers smokers will die 10 years earlier than nonsmokers as july 17 "through the decades" continues, we look back at the debut of a song that would become an anti- war anthem. and an unconventional master spy sends his first missive.

in the music world on july 17 in 1967, the beatles "all you need is love" debuted in the united states. it marked the band's 14th

number one hit. that same day, the odd musical pairing of guitarist jimi hendrix and the monkees came to an end. the rock legend got through only seven concerts before dropping out as the opening act for the pop band. and in 1974, the moody blues opened what they claid was a first 'quadraphonic' recording studio in the world. he was a master of deception. juan pujol garcia. codename: "garbo" the double agent who fooled the nazis throughout world war ii. and on july 15, 1941, he initiated his grand plan. juan pujol garcia was a spaniard who developed a deep dislike of fascism. in the wake of the spanish civil war and when the nazis started world war ii, he made it his mission to, as he put it, "do something for the good of humanity."

garcia initially contacted british and american intelligence agencies but both were uniterested in his services. so he turned to the germans. he hoped to gain the nazis' trust as a spy and then return to the allies and serve as a double-agent. garcia quickly convinced the germans that he was a pro-nazi spanish government official. he was ordered to move to britain and build a spy network but instead, garcia set up camp in lisbon and began his grand illusion. on july 15, 1941, garcia or "arabel," his germancodename sent his first phony dispatch to berlin. garcia's secret weapon was his imagination out of which he created a web of fictitious agents supposedly working for him throughout the

u.k. he was so detailed in his deception that the nazis could only accept his communiques as entirely authentic. his work finally got the attention of the allies in 1942 and recognizing his value the british employed him as an m-i- 5 agent and codenamed him "garbo." garbo's masterpiece would be "operation fortitude." when he convinced hitler that the invasion of normandy was simply a diversionary tactic. but that wouldn't be his only contribution to the allied you're driving along, having a perfectly nice day, when out of nowhere a pick-up truck slams into your brand new car. one second it wasn't there and the next second... boom! you've had your first accident. now you have to make your first claim. so you talk to your insurance company and... boom! you're blindsided for a second time.

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our journey "through the decades continues" july 20 as we look back at a mission that became a landmark achievement in human history. from the bottom of the ocean

floor, a new look at the ship that was deemed unsinkable. and a deadly crash that tarnished a dynasty. that'll do it for us today. i'm bill kurtis. as we leave, one last look back at july 17, through the decades."

♪ jack: welcome to the "american education report," coming to you from the campus at the ohio state university, the perfect setting to spend the next half hour getting you and your family ready to go back to school. i am jack ford, executive editor of american ed tv, the only media company that follows the stories, personalities, and trends from the world of education. every year, your child's educational experience changes, so we are here to help you work through issues such as pre-k choices, technology advances, and the shifting focus of engaged learning.