captioning funded by cbs and ford. we go further, so you can. >> pelley: over seven years of civil war, the syrian government has repeatedly bombed its own civilians as we see here outside damascus. incredibly, it has also continued to use chemical weapons on civilians-- not just a few times, but reportedly 200 times. and tonight in our story you will see the awful truth. >> mulet: we have the big crater, sarin was released, more than 100 people were killed, more than 200 were affected, mostly women and children. >> pelley: who is using the sarin? >> mulet: only the syrian government. ( children playing ) >> whitaker: more than one million american children now

live with their grandparents, primarily because of their parents' addiction to opioids and other drugs. grandparents are putting off retirement and plowing through savings to rescue their grandchildren from dangerous situations. >> we can't not do it. they're our grandkids. they're our family. ♪ ♪ >> williams: of all the orchestras daniel barenboim leads around the world, this might be the one that moves him the most. ♪ ♪ is it surprising that if you bring very good arab musicians and very good israeli musicians together, that they play together. they make... >> of course it is surprising, because from the education where they come from, they are taught the other is a monster.

>> i'm steve kroft. >> i'm lesley stahl. >> i'm scott pelley. >> i'm anderson cooper. >> i'm holly williams. >> i'm bill whitaker. those stories, tonight, on "60 minutes." but i'm relentless too. mbc doesn't take a day off, and neither will i. and i treat my mbc with new everyday verzenio- the only one of its kind that can be taken every day. in fact, verzenio is a cdk4 & 6 inhibitor for postmenopausal women with hr+, her2- mbc, approved, with hormonal therapy, as an everyday treatment for a relentless disease. verzenio + an ai is proven to help women have significantlyrewomen saw their tumors shrink vs an ai. diarrhea is common, may be severe, and may cause dehydration or infection. before taking verzenio, tell your doctor if you have fever, chills, or other signs of infection.

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>> pelley: syrian president bashar al-assad has committed just about every war crime under international law. his worst atrocities involve banned chemical weapons. this past february, we brought you this story about one of those massacres. it is hard to watch, and it is

not for small children, but the story is important to see because chemical assaults have now become routine in syria, with 200 reportedly occurring over seven years. in november, syria's ally, russia, shut down the united nations investigation into who is responsible. but our investigation continued. we have found a number of witnesses to a nerve gas attack that happened on april 4, 2017. we'll begin with video from that deadly morning. the images were shot by a syrian civil defense volunteer. so many victims fell at once, first responders used fire hoses to wash them. there was a chance, a small one, that stripping contaminated clothes and dousing the skin might save a life. these are the people of a small farming town called khan shaykhun. they fell after a warplane dropped a bomb nearby.

they're civilians. there's no military target here. but the village does lie in territory held by rebels fighting against the dictatorship of bashar al-assad. what is striking is the number of children. inhaling just a hint of the gas overwhelmed their nervous systems. all of their nerves fired at the same time, muscles seized, and paralyzed lungs left their last breath stuck in their throats. the civil defense worker with the camera is repeating the name of the village, khan shaykhun, khan shaykhun, as though he feared the atrocity itself might be washed away and forgotten. >> edmond mulet: very early in the morning, between 6:30 and 7:00 in the morning on the 4th of april, airplanes were flying around and over khan shaykhun. >> pelley: edmond mulet led the

investigation of chemical attacks in syria for the united nations and the organization for the prohibition of chemical weapons. >> mulet: we have these airplanes flying; these bombs launched. more than 100 people were killed. more than 200 people were affected. mainly children and women. >> pelley: the emergency response was coordinated by the famed white helmets, civil defense volunteers, supervised by mustafa al-haj yousef. ( speaking foreign language ) "some people were fainting," he told us, "completely unconscious. there were cases of trembling and convulsions, foam coming out of the respiratory tract and mouth. some people appeared to be already dead." he counted the bodies of more than 30 children. "there were young children," he told us. "i was treating them, but it was

already over. the doctor who was with us there said, 'leave them, they're dead.' young children, three months, four months, five months, some two years old." the day before the attack, warplanes bombed local hospitals, ensuring a longer trip to medical care. white helmet volunteers loaded those still gasping onto a truck, with 30 miles to go to reach one of the nearest surviving hospitals, where dr. abdulhai tennari was working. ( speaking foreign language ) "there were patients who had lost consciousness," he told us. "patients suffering from shortness of breath. people were doing c.p.r. there were many children, women, the elderly.

every age. from the very first minute, we were positive that the gas that was used was sarin." sarin nerve gas was invented in a nazi program. in 1997, sarin and other chemical weapons were banned by international law. tell me about some of the patients from that day, that are still in your mind. "the case that affected me the most was one where there were two girls who were five and six years old," dr. tennari said. "they seemed to be sisters. they were brought to the hospital, and i started doing c.p.r. right away, but it was clear that the two girls had died hours ago." dr. mamoun morad told us, "a boy arrived, gasping for breath, with foam coming out of his mouth and with pinpoint pupils. we washed the boy. we washed and we washed and we washed.

we gave him what d, ted to resuscitate him, but he didn't make it." weren't you concerned about being exposed yourself? "the situation is more desperate than i can describe," he said. "there are no words. it was like judgment day, the apocalypse. you just can't even describe the scene, can't even begin to scratch the surface of explaining what happened. we didn't have any protective equipment for gas." you're feeling the effects of this even now? "yes. my voice," he said. "do you hear my voice?" the khan shaykhun attack drew immediate retaliation from the trump administration, which fired 59 cruise missiles into a syrian airbase. but only hours later, according to doctors and witnesses, the syrian dictatorship dropped another banned chemical weapon, a chlorine bomb.

the worst of the chemical attacks came in 2013, when 1,400 civilians were killed by sarin near damascus. in response, the u.s. and russia pressed syria to hand over its chemical weapons. 1,400 tons of poisons were destroyed. so, the attack on khan shaykhun should not have been possible. the head of the u.n. investigation, edmond mulet, told us the syrians had an explanation. >> mulet: the syrians have been claiming since the very beginning that this incident in khan shaykhun was staged. it was something that was created by the opposition, by the rebels, by the terrorists, in order to blame the syrian government. they claimed that the bomb that created the crater was an i.e.d., an improvised explosive

device, that was placed on the surface of the-- of the road-- of the asphalt that morning. that i.e.d. contained sarin, and that's how it was released, but it did not come from an aerial bomb. >> pelley: evidence at khan shaykhun was gathered by the white helmets. chemical attacks have become so common that advanced equipment and training are being provided by an international charity called mayday rescue. ( speaking foreign language ) "we collected samples from the body of the missile, and a soil sample," mohammad kayal told us. "we also took a sample from the clothes of the affected, as well as animal samples-- a cat, a pigeon. we took hair as well." and, the samples were all positive for sarin. why was it so important to y to document what happened in the village? ( speaking foreign language )

"our job is to be humanitarians," he said. "the goal of the strike was to target civilians. it didn't target fighters on the front. we must document a chemical strike such as this one, so we can show the entire world." we spoke to the u.n.'s edmond mulet about three hours before he lost his job. russia, the syrian dictatorship's chief ally, ended mulet's investigation with a veto in the security council. russia called his investigation's results "very disappointing." who's using the sarin? >> mulet: only the syrian government. >> pelley: how do you know that? >> mulet: well, the investigations we have conducted have proven that the sarin that has been used in syria has come from the original stockpile that was produced and created and distilled by the syrian government some years ago. we have been able to determine

and compare what had been used in the field recently in syria with the original stockpile, and they matched completely. >> pelley: does anyone else in that theatre of war possess sarin gas, to your knowledge? >> mulet: no. no, nobody else. because it's so difficult to produce, you need very sophisticated and big laboratories to do that. the manipulation of the sarin is extremely complicated. it's extremely volatile. one single drop here right now would be killing everybody in this studio immediately. so, it's not anybody that can do that. >> pelley: one question not answered by the u.n. investigation was "why?" why resort to a war crime? to find out, we traveled into the province where khan shaykhun is located-- idlib province, largely controlled by an islamist extremist group, hai'yat tahrir al-sham.

here, we found the dictatorship had used conventional bombs against hospitals and schools, in addition to the nerve gas in the neighborhoods. so what's the point of using the world's most grotesque weapon on civilians, on children? this is a refugee camp in rebel- occupied territory inside syria. and there are hundreds of them; they dot the landscape. millions of syrians have been forced from their homes. the assad dictatorship is essentially clearing out any part of the country that it cannot control. bombing the hospitals kills the here and now. bombing the schools kills the future, and dropping sarin suffocates whatever might have been left of hope. we found abu hassan in a refugee camp with his family, at least what remained of his family.

he lost two adult sons and a grandson in the gas at khan shaykhun. ( speaking foreign language ) "my son," he told us, "they brought him to a hospital in turkey and he died. his brother, who came to rescue us, well, he got dizzy, collapsed and he died. my grandson also died." his wife, um hassan told us, "my sons were young and these are their children. what was the fault of these children to live without a father? what was their fault?" how do you explain this to these children? "what can we tell them," she said. "this one was injured with us. i told one, your father is dead. he said, 'don't tell me dad is dead! don't say that dad is dead!' but, what can we tell them? how can they understand? we have a neighbor, poor woman,

l 12 in the house died. not a single one lived, not a single one." >> mulet: this is a crime against humanity, using chemical weapons. if we allow this to happen in syria, this might happen somewhere else. and if impunity prevails and people can carry out doing these things without any consequences, this might give ideas to others. and i've said this to the russians. this will happen in many of your own republics in the future, if you don't help to put an end to this right now. >> pelley: but, impunity does prevail. bashar al-assad will soon win the war. he may remain president or step down in the course of negotiations, but, either way, ct still, even without a war crimes trial, the evidence will remain indelible.

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>> whitaker: the growing opioid crisis has been declared a public health emergency. it's sparked a parallel crisis you rarely hear about: the impact on children neglected by addicted parents. more than one million american children now live with grandparents, primarily because of their parent's addiction to opioids and other drugs: heroin, crack, meth and alcohol. as we first reported in may, grandparents are putting off retirement and plowing through savings to rescue their grandchildren from dangerous situations. to see how widespread this is,

we went to one of the healthiest states in the country, utah. tonight, we'll re-introduce you to a few families around salt lake city, and meet children raised in the wreckage of the opioid crisis, getting a chance at a normal life. ( laughter ) nine-year-old cheyenne nunn and her seven-year-old sister, lilah, have never been happier. until recently, they lived with their mom and her boyfriend-- the couple, addicted to heroin, or meth, or both, says the girls' grandmother, cheryl nunn. to see cheyenne and lilah now, secure in their grandmother's home outside salt lake city, it's hard to believe they once moved from home to home, to homeless. you remember being homeless? >> cheyenne nunn: a little. >> whitaker: where would you go? >> cheyenne nunn: under trees. >> whitaker: like camping? >> cheyenne nunn: yeah. >> whitaker: the times they did have a roof over their heads, they didn't have much else.

did you have enough food? >> cheyenne nunn: sometimes, but not always. i hid it under my bed. >> whitaker: what would you hide? >> cheyenne nunn: top ramen. something easy to cook. >> whitaker: how old were you? >> cheyenne nunn: five, six. >> whitaker: how did you know to step up and take care of your little sister, and cook? >> cheyenne nunn: i knew that she needed it. so i decided to be what-- something i'm not. >> whitaker: which is? >> cheyenne nunn: a grown-up. >> whitaker: you decided to be a grown-up? >> cheyenne nunn: yeah, i tried to be a grown-up for lilah. >> whitaker: because of her daughter's drug addictions, cheryl told us she knew her granddaughters were in danger. to keep track of them, and to prove in court her daughter was exposing them to drug dens and dealers, cheryl gave her daughter a van, with a hidden tracking device. >> cheryl nunn: it would record on excel spreadsheets, her going

from meth house to meth house to meth house. >> whitaker: cheryl said her granddaughters were in that van. she knew she had to save them from her own daughter. >> cheryl nunn: well, the grandchildren are young and innocent. they are basically captives of a parent. someone has to look out after them, and that person had to be me. >> whitaker: after providing tracking records of her daughter's drug-filled nights, a judge named cheryl guardian of cheyenne and lilah. can you forgive your mom? >> cheyenne nunn: not till she gives it up. >> whitaker: do you think she's going to stop using the drugs? >> cheyenne nunn: no. >> whitaker: cheyenne and lilah haven't seen their mom in more than a year. >> cheyenne nunn: well, i'm not really happy about it. but i know that i have another mom right here.

>> whitaker: down the road in sae city, alexia ansley told us she too had to step up to be a parent for her younger brother and sisters, as their mother spiraled down into drug and alcohol addictions. >> alexia ansley: she was never there. and if we wanted to get food, we had to get it ourselves. i think she forgot she had kids some of the time. >> whitaker: so you took care of them? >> alexia ansley: uh-huh. i would change their diapers. i would feed them. feed them baby food. >> whitaker: when you first started stepping in to be the mom, how old were you? >> alexia ansley: younger than ten. >> whitaker: when their mother was around, alexia said she'd pilfern the neighborhoodons to somebody with this big giant snow globe and snowman, we'd go over there, unplug it, deflate it, put it in the wagon. we would take things. >> whitaker: would you actually go up on people's porches? >> alexia ansley: if they had something on their porch, yeah. >> whitaker: your mom would go sell these things?

>> alexia ansley: yeah, she'd sell them, and then she'd go buy drugs. and if she had any money left, she would buy us candy for helping her. or she'd steal us candy. and we're kids. candy's everything. >> whitaker: when alexia filled in as mom, she managed to give her younger siblings candy thanks to a sympathetic shopkeeper. >> alexia ansley: sometimes i would gather up some couch change, and i tried buying them candy, and the guy at the register would let us take the candy, if i didn't have enough change. >> whitaker: he knew. i heard about couch hopping. what was that? >> alexia ansley: so, we were homeless, at a point in time. we would go to my mom's friend's house, just some of her random friends, and we would sleep on their couch for a couple of days. and then, once they kicked us out, we'd go to another couch. we mostly stayed at crack houses

and just slept on their couches. >> whitaker: couch hopping ended five years ago, when the children were legally taken in by their mom's mother, beth. alexia is now 16. brayden is 13; mackenzy 11; and ember 8. all pitch in at grandmom's house. it's now home. >> whitaker: what's better about living with grandmom than living with your mother? >> brayden klaus: we get regular food and we get, like, nice clothing. >> ember goode: we have stuffed animals. we don't have a bathroom filled with dirty clothes, up like a mountain. >> mackenzy goode: and we always know that we're going to have a decent meal that'll fill us up, so we're not sleeping hungry. >> whitaker: mackenzy, i heard that you would sleep on the stairs. >> mackenzy goode: yeah, because-- so my mom, she would, like, leave in the middle of the night and go, who knows where, and then not come back for-- sometimes it would be a couple

days. i thought that maybe if i slept on the stairs, she would be scared to step on me and so she wouldn't leave. >> whitaker: did that work? >> mackenzy goode: sometimes. sometimes she would skip that step and she would still go out. >> whitaker: some nights, their grandmother beth would secretly park down the street from where her daughter and grandchildren were staying at the time, to keep watch-- all night. >> mackenzy goode: it always made me feel safer that she was out there, because we knew that if anything were to happen, we could, like, get a hold of her really quickly. >> whitaker: she's like your guardian angel. >> mackenzy goode: yeah. >> whitaker: being a guardian angel has taken a toll. beth told us she has wiped out her savings. alexia got a job to help with the bills. >> beth klaus: and sometimes, i can't pay my electric bill, and i'll have to wait. and i go to the food bank a lot, you know. if i buy them things that are used, i wash them and put them

in a box and give them to them. and they've never-- they don't complain. >> whitaker: what has your grandmother had to sacrifice to take care of you guys? >> alexia ansley: dating. ( laughs ) she says it all the time. all the time. "i haven't dated in years." ( laughs ) >> mackenzy goode: she's had to sacrifice almost everything. she had to change the whole way that she lived, because our mom decided to do drugs. >> whitaker: in salt lake city, home of the mormon church, finding a beer used to be a challenge. now, drug use is out in the open. stoked by the opioid crisis, 21,000 children-- just in utah-- live with their grandparents. >> bacall hincks: everyone tell me your names. >> whitaker: bacall hincks runs a non-profit organization called grandfamilies, that helps grandparents and grandchildren adjust to new family arrangements. there's a growing demand for its

services because of the opioid crisis. >> hincks: unfortunately, opioids is a very hard addiction to overcome, so the likelihood of these parents actually overcoming their addictions and coming home and being able to parent is very low. >> whitaker: hincks introduced us to the families we interviewed. she told us, like alexia and cheyenne, young children of addicts often assume the role of parent. >> hincks: what we call parentified. >> whitaker: parentified? >> hincks: yeah. >> whitaker: how do you deal with that? >> hincks: i do my best to help them feel like a child again. and grandma and grandpa are there to take care of them now, and they don't need to worry about the safety of their siblings, because that's someone else's job. that's the adults' job. >> i like myself because i'm me. >> whitaker: grandfamilies has separate groups for young children, older children and grandparents, and brings the generations together for holiday parties. bacall hincks said it's

important for them to see many others are in the same boat. >> hincks: they're able to connect with others who are in similar situations, and have friends, and don't feel so isolated and alone anymore. >> ellie kligman: we found people that went through the same type of thing, and it was really helpful to actually express what was happening to us, and they could relate to what was happening. >> whitaker: ellie kligman, her brothers, and grandparents were all aided by grandfamilies. the kids moved in with their mom's parents after their family fell apart. first, their dad abandoned them. then, they say, their mom descended into opioid addiction and they ended up homeless. one day, the school bus left them at a stop at this gas station. their mother never came to pick them up. >> cindi rogers: eliana called and said, "grammy, we're sitting here waiting and, you know, my mom hasn't come." >> whitaker: cindi sent their grandfather, michael, to bring the kids home. they both thought they'd only have them a few days.

>> michael rogers: and then, a few days turned into a few weeks, and a few weeks turned to months, and here we are. >> whitaker: how many years now? >> cindi rogers: two and a half. almost three. >> michael rogers: going on-- going on three. >> whitaker: had you been planning for retirement? >> cindi rogers: yes. we were going to do tiny house, simplify life, and then travel. >> michael rogers: as it worked out, it didn't work out that way. we became parents instead of grandparents. >> whitaker: the kids said, with their mother often sleeping, or out of the house, they could do whatever they wanted. but their grandparents insist on rules. >> ellie kligman: it sucks having rules, and chores. but it has to happen for us to actually grow up and be a responsible adult and take charge of our lives. >> whitaker: michael, you are fighting cancer. >> michael rogers: that's true. i have a terminal cancer. >> whitaker: so has this been especially tough on you? >> michael rogers: yeah.

i have good days and bad days. >> cindi rogers: i worry, that i'll miss something in his care, and i have. >> michael rogers: you do wonderful. >> whitaker: they say being parents again has strained his health, their marriage and their bank account. so what has this done to your savings? >> michael rogers: yeah. ( laughs ) >> cindi rogers: i work full- time, and then two part-time jobs. >> whitaker: their daughter, they told us, has been in rehab. this isn't the retirement they had expected, but... >> michael rogers: but we can't not do it. they're our grandkids. they're our family. >> this cbs sports update is brought to you by ford. i'm bill macatee in greensboro, north carolina, where brandt snedeker has won the 2018 wyndham championship at 21 under

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>> williams: you'd be hard- pressed to find a more accomplished musician than daniel barenboim, a celebrated conductor and distinguished concert pianist who grew up in israel and, for the last seven decades, has been performing with the great orchestras of the world. for many maestros, all that would be enough. not for barenboim. at 75, he's still at it, and he's embarked on a second act-- starting his own orchestra for young musicians from israel and the muslim world, and taking on a subject that's as contentious as it gets, the conflict in the middle east. his work has earned him palestinian citizenship and charges of treachery from some of his fellow israelis. but as we first told you this spring, controversy hasn't

slowed barenboim down. he seems to thrive on it. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> williams: of all the orchestras daniel barenboim leads around the world, this might be the one that moves him the most. some of the young musicians on stage at this summer concert in berlin are iranian, syrian, palestinian. others are israelis, all playing in perfect harmony-- ♪ ♪ ♪ --even as their governments threaten to destroy one another. it's called the west-eastern divan orchestra.

♪ ♪ is it surprising, really, that if you bring very good arab musicians and very good israeli musicians together, that they play together. they make music? >> barenboim: of course it is. surprising because from the education and where they come from, they are taught the other is a monster. >> williams: it was an idea he hatched 20 years ago with his friend, the late palestinian scholar edward said, to find young musicians from across the middle east, bringing them together for two months out of the year, and giving them an opportunity to play on the world's most prestigious stages. some of the musicians here risk punishment from their governments for performing with israelis. others are living in exile. nadim husni is a violist from damascus, syria. he hasn't been back to see his parents for eight years. >> nadim husni: whenever my

phone rings, you know, i'm every day waiting for some bad news about my parents. i have no idea who's calling and why. >> williams: that's because swathes of his country have been leveled in a seven-year civil war. israel still remains syria's greatest foreign enemy. had you ever met an israeli before that? >> husni: no. no, no, no, never. i had no idea what to expect, how to talk to these people, you understand. they were just foreign creatures. ( laughs ) ♪ ♪ >> williams: coming face to face with the enemy is the whole point of the divan. >> barenboim: "ba-di-ya, yum, pum." you play, "da-di-da, yum, pum." >> williams: but barenboim has no illusions about what he can accomplish. >> barenboim: the orchestra has been very often described as an orchestra for peace. of course, it isn't an orchestra for peace. this orchestra is not going to bring peace. >> williams: then why do it? >> barenboim: because in the

orchestra, we have equality. so, when you create a situation in which there is a palestinian clarinet player who has a difficult solo, and you have the whole orchestra wishing him well and accompanying him, is the only place where a group that includes so many israelis wishes the palestinian well, and vice versa. >> williams: except, of course, the middle east is not an orchestra. people there are not musical instruments. they're not even musicians. and there is no conductor there to tell them what to do. >> barenboim: i know. i know. but this... i am a conductor. i'm not a politician. i'm a conductor, and therefore i do what i feel i can do. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> williams: there's not much barenboim hasn't done in the 70 years since he made his concert debut as a child prodigy in argentina. at the age of ten, his family moved to israel, and soon after, he started conducting.

( applause ) he's been classical music royalty ever since. ♪ ♪ when "60 minutes" first met daniel barenboim 20 years ago, correspondent bob simon found that he was a maestro in perpetual motion. >> simon: i've been following you around for almost a week now. i'm exhausted. >> barenboim: yeah, you look tired. ( laughter ) >> simon: and anyone who spends a week with daniel barenboim will discover that he's not only a musical genius, but a 56-year- old child. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> williams: at 75, this older barenboim is a more sober character than he used to be, more political. he's still giving recitals as a concert pianist, and he has his day job as music director of the

state opera in berlin. but recently, he also opened the barenboim-said academy, a conservatory built in this redesigned warehouse in downtown berlin which, just like his orchestra, the divan, brings together students from israel and across the middle east. >> sadra fayyaz: maestro talked about it in the diversity. >> williams: violist sadra fayyaz studies at the academy and plays in the divan. he's from iran, a sworn enemy of israel. as a kid, he grew up buying black market videos of barenboim's concerts. >> fayyaz: and then, we watch them until we know every gesture by heart. so, we just... when we have them, we are so happy because it's even not in our imagination that some day actually we are going to meet them. we cannot even see them in >> williams: and so, you grew up in iran... >> fayyaz: yes. >> williams: ...watching dvds and videos of daniel barenboim... >> fayyaz: yes. >> williams: ...an israeli conductor. >> fayyaz: yes. sure. we don't even know that he's

israeli. it's all about the music. ( laughs ) ♪ ♪ >> williams: they are accomplished young musicians who get to practice and perform in a new concert hall designed by architect frank gehry. but the music is only part of what barenboim wants them to learn here. do they also discuss politics? do they argue with each other? >> barenboim: oh, yes. yeah. oh, yes. all the time. all the time. and they should. and i don't expect them to agree on the pol... i expect them to agree on the music. >> williams: are there also love affairs? do some of the israeli players... >> barenboim: i'm not supposed to know about that. >> williams: i'm sure you do, though. ( laughs ) did... does it happen? >> barenboim: it must be very exciting to fall in love with the enemy. you should try it maybe one day. ( laughs ) ♪ ♪ >> williams: there's chemistry in the rehearsal rooms, too. just listen to this ensemble. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪

that's sadra, the iranian violist; a palestinian violinist; ♪ ♪ and an israeli on clarinet, miri saadon. what's it like, as a musician, as an israeli musician, playing alongside arab musicians or iranian musicians? >> miri saadon: i mean, sometimes i have this moment of... of, like, "oh, my god, we are palestinian and iranian and me." and just sometimes i remember that, you know, each of us is from such a different background. but we are actually, in a lot of things, very similar. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> williams: last summer, barenboim took us to a fault line in the middle east conflict, the palestinian city of ramallah on the israeli- occupied west bank, where he has another musical project. it's just a few miles from jerusalem, but sealed off behind

a long security wall that snakes its way across the palestinian countryside. >> barenboim: the occupation is horrific for the palestinians, but it's not good for israel. >> williams: those can be provocative words in israel, but barenboim goes even further. after years trying to build bridges here, he says the wall only serves to deceive. i mean, this makes many israelis feel safe in their own homes. >> barenboim: but they're not. they're not. >> williams: so, it's a lie? >> barenboim: well, i wouldn't say it's a lie. it's a make-believe. it's a make-believe. israel will have full security when there is justice for the palestinians. ♪ ♪ >> williams: he's opened a music school in ramallah which draws

kids from cities, towns and villages in the west bank. many of them wouldn't normally have access to classical music. ♪ ♪ it's a demanding program, which brings in professional musicians from all over europe to teach around 100 kids. ♪ ♪ natalie's nine and sana's 11. they've been studying here for more than two years. what's your favorite piece of music to play? >> girls: "in the hall of the mountain king." >> williams: "in the hall of the mountain king." ( playing "in the hall of the mountain king" ) what does it make you think of? does it sound a bit sort of magical, like it's from a far away place? >> girls: yeah. >> williams: for many of the kids in the ramallah school, that's exactly where music takes

them, to a faraway place. katia is a 17-year-old palestinian. she's been studying for ten years, and practices three to four hours a day. ♪ ♪ how do you feel when you pick up your violin and start playing? >> katia: i... i feel relaxed. i feel like i'm safe now, and i... i can do whatever i want. i think music takes me into another world, and i can do whatever i want there, with no one controlling me. >> williams: but not even a conservatory for children is immune to the rancor of this region, especially when someone like barenboim is involved. there are some palestinians who object to it simply because you are an israeli. >> barenboim: yeah, and they call this "normalization." in other words, we palestinians suffer under israeli occupation, and therefore we want no contact with israelis. >> williams: i mean, on the other side, there are israelis

who say, "why are you devoting your time and resources to the palestinians?" >> barenboim: but, maybe those israelis and those palestinians should get together. i think i have more or less equal proportion of admirers and detractors, both in israel and in palestine. so, something of what i do must be right. >> williams: perhaps. but when barenboim accepted palestinian citizenship ten years ago, some israelis considered it treachery. it sounds as if you quite enjoy angering people. >> barenboim: no. >> williams: you quite enjoy being controversial. >> barenboim: not at all. not at all. i couldn't care not at all. i couldn't care less. i do... really, i have... if i am happy about something, is that i have arrived at this stage where i can do what i feel is right. ♪ ♪ >> williams: the kids in ramallah rarely have the opportunity to play for barenboim in person. some of the younger ones weren't

even totally sure who he was. but barenboim demanded as much from these minor maestros in the making as he would from any other musician who shares his stage. >> barenboim: you can't play "ya-ta-ta-ta-tum" because you have to play another down bow. >> williams: for some of the older ones, there was an even bigger opportunity. barenboim had flown in members of the divan orchestra to perform alongside the kids and their teachers. parents, grandparents and local dignitaries turned out for a rare event in ramallah, a classical concert featuring their very own taking the stage with a legend. barenboim couldn't pass up an opportunity to speak his mind. >> barenboim: jewish blood runs through my veins, and my heart bleeds for the palestinian cause. >> williams: but the night belonged to the kids, and to the

music-- mozart-- which spoke for itself. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ( cheers and applause ) >> see bob simon's orignial 1998 story with daniel barenboim at 60minutesovertime.com ♪ i feel most times we're high and low ♪ ♪ high and low ♪ if i had my way enhance your moments. san pellegrino. tastefully italian. san pellegrino. olay regenerist wipes out the competition; hydrating better than $100, $200 even $400 creams. with our b3 complex, beautiful skin doesn't have to cost a fortune. olay.

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>> whitaker: i'm bill whitaker. we'll be back next week with another edition of "60 minutes."

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