captioning funded by cbs and ford. we go further, so you can. >> what happens to survivors and victims' families after a mass shooting? >> it's an introduction. ( sighs ) you know, mass shooting grief 101. >> meet sandy and lonnie phillips. their daughter was murdered seven years ago. they've shown up at most of the major mass shootings, offering those in need a kind of survival guide to a grief few can imagine. i lost a brother to suicide, and a lot of people say, you're now part of a group which you never wish you would be part of. >> right. we do care about these people. we want to help them find their purpose, and find their strength, so that they can live their new normal. ( ticking ) >> travel as deep into the earth

as man has ever traveled, two miles down, to get to the rock that's become this: liquid molten gold. but gold's not all, scientists have found something else down there-- something known as extreme light. which might also exist on mars. so the martians we meet in the future-- >> be prepared to be surprised, i would say. ( ticking ) >> welcome to the future: m.i.t.'s media lab, a place that follows crazy ideas wherever they may lead. >> we get to think about the future. what does the world look like ten years, 20 years, 30 years? what should it look like? >> time to go to sleep. >> how about dream control? robotic prosthetics? what's the largest city in bulgaria and what is the population? or connecting the human brain to the internet? >> sofia, 1.21 million.

>> that is correct! >> you know, the best way to predict the future is to invent it. ( ticking ) >> i'm steve kroft. >> i'm lesley stahl. >> i'm scott pelley. >> i'm anderson cooper. >> i'm bill whitaker. those stories, tonight, on "60 minutes." ( ticking ) a lot will happen in your life. wrinkles just won't. neutrogena® rapid wrinkle repair's derm-proven retinol works so fast, it takes only one week to reveal younger looking skin. making wrinkles look so last week. rapid wrinkle repair® pair with new retinol oil for 2x the wrinkle fighting power. neutrogena® i've always been amazed and still going for my best, even though i live with a higher risk of stroke due to afib not caused by a heart valve problem. so if there's a better treatment than warfarin...

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well that wasn't so bad at all. that's how we like it. unitedhealthcare. that's how we like it. guabout the bloomin' onion everything you love and created a menu you've never seen before. bloom, there it is! bloom, there it is! bloom, there it is! this bloom-ified menu starts at $13.99. offer ends soon, at outback. >> cooper: this weekend, within the space of 24 hours, the united states suffered two mass shootings. late saturday morning, a lone gunman walked into a walmart in el paso, texas, murdering 20 people, and wounding at least 26 others.

then, in the early hours of this morning on a street in an entertainment district in dayton, ohio, a gunman with an assault-style rifle killed nine and wounded at least 27 before police killed him. one of the horrors of these killings is how familiar they've become, and how little seems to change-- except in the lives of the grieving friends and families left behind. sandy and lonnie phillips know that grief first-hand. as we reported back in march, their daughter was killed seven years ago in a mass shooting. since then, they've made it their mission to help others navigate the public, and sometimes political, aftermath of these tragedies. they travel the country, trying to build a network of survivors, and offer victims and families a kind of survival guide to grief, preparing them for a future few can imagine.

>> sandy phillips: your identity has been stripped from you. you know, whether it's mother or daddy or father or sister or brother. i no longer have that title. i no longer have that relationship. and when it's violence like ours was, that takes a long time to recover from. >> cooper: i think some people think that there's a time table for grief. >> sandy phillips: oh, yeah. ( laughs ) >> cooper: do you get that? >> sandy phillips: oh, yeah. the five stages of grief, right? and you go through all five of them, and you think, "okay, now i'm done." ( laughs ) and they don't tell you, "oh, no, you get to start it all again." and they're out of sequence. a lot of survivors just don't know that, especially going into it. you might find that what you have done for the last 20 years of your life, or 30 years of your life, has absolutely no meaning to you anymore. and that was certainly the case for us. >> cooper: it wasn't long after their daughter's murder that sandy and lonnie phillips quit their jobs. they've gotten rid of most oftht their house so they can travel around the country to mass shootings, hoping to meet

survivors and offer help. the scene of a mass shooting is not an easy place to come to. it can be like walking into a stranger's funeral. >> sandy phillips: we don't know each other yet, but we do now. >> cooper: but in grief, strangers can quickly become family. >> sandy phillips: you've got a second mom here. >> cooper: we saw the phillips' in thousand oaks, california, where 12 people were gunned down at a country music bar last november. it is one of the latest stops on their heartbreaking journey. >> lonnie phillips: if you haven't lost somebody close to you, you can't comprehend it. >> cooper: just days before they arrived here, they were in pittsburgh, where 11 people were murdered at the tree of life synagogue. it's so interesting, though, what you're doing. you're not trained therapists. you're not counselors. and yet, you are-- have upended your lives, and reaching out in a very individual way to people. >> sandy phillips: yeah, it's... compassion. >> cooper: that's what it is? >> sandy phillips: bottom line,

it's about compassion. >> lonnie phillips: the compassion we get from those people, too. it's not like it's a one-way deal. >> cooper: it was in 2012 that their daughter, jessica ghawi, was murdered, along with 11 others in a movie theater in aurora, colorado. she was 24, and an aspiring sports reporter. can you take me back to that day? >> sandy phillips: ( sighs ) yes. the young man that was with her, brent, was like a son to us. and, she decided that she wanted to take him to see the "batman" movie. and, when the shooting happened, they stood up, and... never made it out. >> cooper: both of them? >> sandy phillips: brent survived. he was shot trying to save her. he went into paramedic mode immediately, because that's what he does for a living. and, the phone rang. >> cooper: he called you from inside the theater? >> sandy phillips: yeah. and i could hear the screaming going on in the background.

and he said, "there's been a shooting." and i said, "are you okay?" and he said, "i think i've been shot twice." and i knew then that, okay, something's bad. and i said, "where's jessie?" and he said, "i tried." and i said, "is she okay?" and he said, "i did my best. i tried." and i said, "oh god, brent, don't tell me she's dead." and he said... "i'm really sorry." and i started screaming. >> lonnie phillips: and she was sliding down the wall, screaming, and i grabbed her and picked her up, took her to the couch, and she kept yelling, "jessie's dead!" >> sandy phillips: it's been six years now, almost seven. and there's not a day that goes by that we don't still get upset, and still cry. >> cooper: i lost a brother to suicide, and a lot of people say, you know, this is, you're now part of a group which you never wish you would be part of.

>> sandy phillips: and it's a lifetime membership, and the cost of the dues was way, way, way too high. >> cooper: sandy is 68; lonnie, 75. they've been living mostly on savings, social security, and goodwill... >> lonnie phillips: i know that you're on a deadline. >> cooper: ...occasionally crashing with friends. >> sandy phillips: how are you guys doing? >> cooper: they started a non- profit organization, called survivors empowered, to offer advice and kinship in the wake of mass shootings, but also to give families practical information, like how to deal with media attention or how to get a body home for a funeral. >> lonnie phillips: it's lonnie, just checking in on you. >> cooper: there's things that happen to the families of people who have been shot in a mass killing, that do not happen to families of somebody who has died under different circumstances. >> sandy phillips: exactly. the worst part is finding out that the day your child has been killed, that there are already websites that have popped up,

and facebook pages that have popped up, saying, this is a false flag, and this didn't happen. >> cooper: did you have people saying jessica wasn't real? or she was a crisis actor? >> sandy phillips: oh, yeah. yep. >> cooper: she wasn't real. >> sandy phillips: yep. >> cooper: she wasn't there. >> sandy phillips: yep. >> cooper: you didn't lose a daughter? >> sandy phillips: all the time. >> you never saw your sister's dead body. >> cooper: since jessica's murder, sandy's son jordan has been harassed and threatened by a man who, like many conspiracy theorists, claims there was no massacre in aurora. >> your days are numbered, ( bleep ). >> cooper: it's hard to imagine, but similar harassment now happens to families almost every time there's a mass shooting. >> lonnie phillips: that's the worst kind of harm you can do to someone. you're a devastated parent, becoming more devastated. >> 3-15 and 3-14 for a shooting at century theaters. >> cooper: after the massacre in aurora, sandy and lonnie, who are gun owners themselves, filed a lawsuit against companies that sold gear and ammunition to

their daughter's killer over the internet. the judge threw out the case, and ordered them to pay more than $200,000 to cover the defendant's legal fees. >> sandy phillips: contract with them consulting... >> cooper: they had to declare bankruptcy, and now consult for a gun control group to make ends meet. but, they say, they keep that work separate from their outreach to survivors. >> lonnie phillips: we don't ever bring up guns when we go. >> sandy phillips: we never bring up politics or guns. >> lonnie phillips: we don't advocate, we don't recruit, we don't do any of that stuff. until somebody shows an interest, and we tell them, you know, you're not ready yet. >> cooper: the course of their new lives has followed a roadmap of american tragedies: they started in newtown, then went to isla vista, san bernardino, orlando, las vegas, sutherland springs, parkland, santa fe, pittsburgh and thousand oaks. each massacre is different, but

the look sandy and lonnie see on the faces of those left behind is the same. >> mitch dworet: you just can't believe it. it can't be real. >> annika dworet: no, you don't want to believe it. >> cooper: annika and mitch dworet's 17-year-old son, nicholas, who had just earned a swimming scholarship to college, was murdered with 16 others in parkland, florida, last year. >> mitch dworet: i expect nick to come home any day, or walk through the house. he was such a great kid. >> cooper: nick's younger brother alex, who was grazed by a bullet, doesn't talk much about what happened. he was in a classroom across the hall from nick's when the shooting began. their parents were nearby, waiting for school to let out. >> annika dworet: alex called us and said "mom, i'm in a back of an ambulance. i was hit in the back of the head." and in my mind, i didn't really worry about nicholas, because there's 3,500 at that school. one child was shot. what's the odds of two of my kids being shot? and i took off to the hospital. and, i said, "mitch, you can wait for nicholas." >> mitch dworet: and i waited

for nicholas. >> annika dworet: yeah. >> cooper: they waited for 12 hours, before finally being told nicholas was dead. within days, a mutual friend connected them with sandy and lonnie phillips. do you remember that first meeting? >> sandy phillips: yeah. oh, of course. of course. they had a house full of people. we felt a little bit like we were intruding on a very private moment-- which we were, but for a good reason. >> annika dworet: i was a little skeptical, in the beginning, and i'm thinking to myself, "what do they want from us?" >> mitch dworet: what do they want? >> annika dworet: why are they here? and after speaking to them, which took... we lasted for three hours. >> cooper: three hours? that was the first experience. >> annika dworet: three hours, yes. >> mitch dworet: and they took the time, just to be here and, just, "we're not here for any other reason but for you guys, because you're in a place that's just not of this normal life. you can't imagine." >> annika dworet: when you open your eyes in the morning, you're just like, "why should i get up today? w-- why should i do that?" and it's just so painful to feel this pain the whole day.

and then, to meet somebody who has been through this, and six years later, and they are getting out of bed. >> cooper: you could look at sandy and actually see a way through, potentially. >> annika dworet: right, right. >> cooper: what are some of the things you-- kind of, the list of things you warn a grieving parent, who-- >> sandy phillips: the list is, i know you don't want get out of bed right now, but you're going to live through this, in spite of it. just know that it's going to take you a long time. that's number one. number two, people are ripping you off, right now, as we're speaking. there's probably a gofundme page somewhere raising funds for the families, and that money goes into their bank account. you know, you'll never see it. so be careful who you trust. so, it's an introduction. ( sighs ) you know, mass shooting grief 101. >> cooper: to help them keep up, the phillips' are trying to create a network of survivors who can quickly respond to mass shootings anywhere in the country. volunteers like shanna caputo. she met sandy and lonnie in 2017 after surviving the massacre at

a music festival in las vegas. >> shanna caputo: when i first met them, i asked them if i could go to parkland with them, because that was after vegas. and she was like "no, honey, you're not ready for this yet." >> sandy phillips: she's telling her story, and i'm listening to her and i'm going, "oh my god." >> cooper: shanna showed sandy the cell phone video she unintentionally recorded of the shooting. >> sandy phillips: and i'm watching the video, and i'm going, "this is triggering me." i can't imagine what she has really gone through. >> cooper: what was happening around you? ( gunfire ) >> caputo: people were going down right away. i could hear the bullets whizzing right past my head. you would just see that-- them, like, jerk. and i don't know if i can say this, but you would see them just explode. >> cooper: the gunfire lasted more than ten minutes. 58 people were killed.

for weeks afterward, shanna says she was hardly able to leave her house. sandy advised her to see a therapist who specializes in severe trauma. >> caputo: so after about four or five months of therapy, i was like a walnut, and it cracked open. and i finally cried about it. and i called sandy and i'm like, "i cried!" i was all excited. >> sandy phillips: and i said, "i'm actually very happy. now you can begin to put things together, and, and create the new you." and now she's doing incredible work. >> cooper: so this has been growing, really, ever since the shooting? >> caputo: yeah. >> cooper: the work shanna caputo is doing started last fall, after the bar shooting in thousand oaks, california, which is just miles from her house. she's now trying to help some of those survivors, the way sandy and lonnie phillips helped her. wouldn't it be easier for you to not be immersed in the world of mass shootings? you are immersed in this-- >> sandy phillips: we are.

>> cooper: in a very dark world. >> sandy phillips: we, we live it. but we don't see it as dark. we say, we see it as shedding a little light. we care about these people. we want to help them find their purpose, and find their strength, so that they can live their new normal. >> cooper: sandy and lonnie phillips tell us they are heading to el paso later this week. ( ticking ) with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis or crohn's, your plans can change in minutes. your head wants to do one thing, but your gut says, "not today." if your current treatment isn't working, ask your doctor about entyvio. entyvio acts specifically in the gi tract to prevent an excess of white blood cells from entering and causing damaging inflammation. entyvio has helped many patients achieve long-term relief and remission. infusion and serious allergic reactions can happen during or after treatment.

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>> whitaker: over the years at "60 minutes," we have been in more than a few tunnels. we explored mexican drug lord el chapo's subterranean escape routes, burrowed through a roman villa buried by mount vesuvius, and traveled the depths of the new york city subway.

but nothing prepared us for a place called moab khotsong, a south african gold mine that extends nearly two miles beneath the surface. as we first reported last november, in their pursuit of gold, south africans have dug the deepest holes on earth. the country was the world's top gold producer for decades. now, the gold is running out, just as these ultra-deep mines have attracted a new breed of miner on a very different quest. we went along for the adventure. in the early morning light, tall mine shafts loom over the vaal river basin two hours southwest of johannesburg. this once was a booming gold field. now, most mines lie abandoned. but moab khotsong is bustling. long before the sun rises, thousands of miners start lining up for the triple-deck elevator called "the cage."

it's jammed, but more always push on. and early one morning, so did we. it's really snug in here. we're packed in as tight as sardines, the electric bells signal we're ready, and the cage drops. slowly at first, then picks up speed fast. we plunge 450 stories straight down. it's the longest elevator ride on earth. this is fast, it's really fast! the cage rattles and whistles as we descend. the air gets more humid the deeper we go. our lifeline to the surface is a machine called the manwinder, massive coils of steel rope two inches thick that attach to the cage and unspool faster and faster. we dropped two miles in a couple of minutes, and emerged in an underground city.

it's like grand central station at rush hour. to get to the gold, miners must walk miles through a vast maze of dimly lit tunnels. sometimes you're lucky and can catch a ride, but mostly you just walk. for leroy lee, it's in the blood. his father worked in the mines. now it's his turn. his family depends on his job. >> leroy lee: it's four, six people: it's my kids, my wife, my fianceeé, my mum and my sister. ( drilling ) >> whitaker: the gold in these ultra-deep mines is found in narrow veins, laced through the so are nwidean a pl. it's cramped at the rock face, and we crouch alongside the miners as they work, hunched over in the dark. the noise from the drills is deafening. massive air conditioners cool

the tunnels, but it can still reach 120 degrees down here. >> are you guys ready? >> whitaker: at the end of the shift, we had to rush not to miss the elevator back up. it doesn't wait for anyone. and here's where all that breaking rock pays off: the smelter. the ore is smashed and pulverized in a grinder before being fed into a furnace. monga kasongo, who runs the operation, told us we were the first tv crew to film the weekly ritual they call "the pour." we all had to wear these special pajamas with no pockets so we couldn't steal anything. the heat was intense as the furnace reached almost 2,000 degrees. the gold turned to liquid and poured down into the molds. >> monga kasongo: when i saw it the first time, i was like,

"wow." that's something that keeps me going. when you hear people who have never seen gold or touched it, i feel like i'm more privileged. >> whitaker: these bars will be refined again to 99.99% purity before they're sold for coins and jewelry. the mine used to process about 60 tons of gold a year. now it's just a quarter of that. still, the day we watched the pour, there was a pretty good haul. wow, this is quite heavy. >> kasongo: yes, it is. >> whitaker: how much is this? >> kasongo: 11 million rand. >> whitaker: in u.s. dollars, we're talking $7.5 to $8 million u.s. dollars for what you poured today? >> kasongo: yes, definitely. >> whitaker: that sounds like a good day? >> kasongo: it's a good business. ( laughs )

>> whitaker: it's one thing to come here for the gold, but now this harsh environment has attracted others-- scientists hunting for what they call extreme life. >> tullis onstott: we've found water that's a billion years old. >> whitaker: a billion years old? >> onstott: a billion years old. >> whitaker: in these caves? >> onstott: right. >> whitaker: an international team led by princeton geoscientist tullis onstott and belgian biologist gaetan borgonie are pioneers in the search for life buried in the rock, where no one thought it could survive. borgonie says his colleagues thought he was crazy when he took a sabbatical to try to prove there was life deep underground. >> gaetan borgonie: "oh, come on," they said. "you're going to go to south africa for a year, you're going to go look for something that does not exist there?" >> whitaker: they've lost count of the number of trips to the bottom of the mines searching for life hidden in the ancient water, seeping through the rock. >> borgonie: this is a completely different world down there.

there are different rules. >> whitaker: how so? >> borgonie: the temperature is different; the pressure is different. i mean, it's a tough world down there for life. >> whitaker: the next day, we went along with them to the deepest level of the mine. for them, it was just another day at the office. for us, it was an eye-opener. this feels like that movie "journey to the center of the earth." with just the light from our headlamps, we waded through a tunnel that had been flooded with cold water to cool it down. then we grabbed a chairlift cut through a channel of rock- except this one went down. this is like the best disney ride ever! picture five of new york's world trade centers stacked on top of each other. that's how deep in the earth we are. now we've stopped for a second. ( alarms ) i hope it's a second. we have to get off? when the chairlift stopped

suddenly, we had to hike down the last 50 yards to the bottom. then, at the end of an abandoned tunnel, our scientists found something amazing. >> onstott: i've been looking for 20 years for a salty water deposit like this. never found it till now. >> whitaker: white patches on the wall turned out to be salt. is that edible? >> borgonie: i don't know. he's tried it. >> whitaker: this is ancient salt? >> onstott: that's the question. has to be-- has to be ancient salt. >> whitaker: very salty. salty salt. and the source? this dripping salt water. what does that tell you? >> onstott: it tells me this water is extremely old. because in these rock formations, they were formed three billion years ago. there weren't salt deposits back then. >> whitaker: they believe this water could be all that's left of an ancient ocean. and where there's water, there can be life. >> onstott: we could be looking at something which has never

seen the life that has evolved on the surface of the planet. >> whitaker: all from this cave two miles down in south africa? >> onstott: all from gold mines in south africa, exactly. >> whitaker: in 2011, they found what no one thought possible: these tiny worms living in a pocket of water 5,000 years old. what you're seeing is magnified. these worms are no bigger than a human hair. it was a species never-before- seen. it survives without sunlight, deep in the hot underworld, so they called it "mephisto," or "the devil." >> borgonie: that's where my worms live. they eat bacteria. >> whitaker: the first worm you found was in something like that? >> borgonie: yeah. >> whitaker: using an endoscope camera, they were the first to film this deep inside the earth's crust. this is the devil worm's home. before this, no one thought animal life could exist this deep. you've made a big discovery. >> borgonie: for me, it is big,

because for me personally, i had to fight quite a lot of people to be able to do this. on a personal level, that was the biggest victorr in the total grand scheme of things, it's just a worm. >> whitaker: it's just a worm? >> borgonie: it's just a worm. >> whitaker: they were surprised to find other living creatures too. so many, they called them a zoo. a crustacean, about 1/64th of an inch; an arthropod; a flatworm; and single-cell bacteria. it set off a storm of speculation about where else extreme life might exist... perhaps even on mars. nasa helped fund their research. >> borgonie: if there is life here in the deep, then you should definitely dig on mars, because if life was ever there, you will find some life form, i believe very strongly, still on mars. >> whitaker: so the martians we meet in the future could b thesngle-cl organisms you're, you're talking about. >> borgonie: i think that would be the--

that is-- yes, indeed. i think that would be the most likely. but be prepared to be surprised, i would say. >> whitaker: south africa's gold mines are now so deep, they might as well be on another planet. >> bernard swanepoel: i'm not sure that we really want to send human beings much deeper. >> whitaker: bernard swanepoel started his career underground, and ended it as the c.e.o. of harmony gold, which now owns moab khotsong. >> swanepoel: if you are in a successful mining team, it must be like a successful sports team. i mean, mining is one of those activities where, at the end of every shift, you know whether you won or lost. >> whitaker: gold was the lifeblood of south africa. the way it's dug out has changed little since apartheid, when underpaid black miners often worked in mortal danger. at its worst, more than 800 workers a year died in mining accidents. no coincidence, the struggle that led to apartheid's defeat

started underground. gold and gold mining seem to be in the d.n.a. of south africa. >> swanepoel: south african gold mining especially has always been at the center of all political and other activities in our country. i mean, our bad apartheid history is intertwined with gold mining. i mean, a lot of the-- a lot of the legislation to dispossess black people of land was in order to create cheap labor for south african gold mines. >> whitaker: you grew up in a small mining town during the era of apartheid. what are your strongest memories? >> swanepoel: well, ultimately, i'm a privileged person that, because i was white and i was male, those were the two requirements at the time to become a mining engineer. >> whitaker: so are you the new face of south african mining? >> kasongo: i will say yes. we are the new generation in the mining.

>> whitaker: just a dozen years after apartheid ended, engineer monga kasongo started managing the smelter. he told us he chose to move here from the congo to work in the mines. has that wound in south africa been healed? >> kasongo: not 100% healed. but there is some healing happening, there is some healing, yes, because you have a different, different people working in the mines, and the mindset has been changing. >> whitaker: now, safety is paramount. you'll find women underground, and blacks are senior managers. once some of the lowest-paid laborers, they are now among the highest. but this generation of gold miners know they may be the last. of the 11 gold mines that once flourished around here, only the mines are now so deep, it's becoming too expensive to get the gold out.

the story of the ultra-deep mines is nearing its final chapter. to dig the riches from such astounding depths took grit and brute force. now, south africa's resolve must be deployed to solving the next challenge: what to do when the gold runs out. ( ticking ) >> cbs sports hq is presented by progressive insurance. at the pga tour's final regular season event in greensboro, north carolina, j.t. poston, north carolina's very own, takes the title at the wyndham championship. in n.f.l. news, six-time super bowl champion tom brady with a new two-year extension on his contract for his 20th n.f.l. season. he turned 42 yesterday. for 24/7news and highlight, visit cbssportshq.com. jim nantz reporting from

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>> pelley: back in the 1980s, a laboratory of misfits foresaw our future. touch screens, automated driving instructions, wearable technology and electronic ink were all developed at the massachusetts institute of technology, in a place they call the media lab. it's a research lab and graduate school program that long ago outgrew its name. last year, we first told you how it's creating technologies to grow food in the desert, control our dreams and connect the human brain to the internet. come have a look at what we found, in a place you could call, "the future factory." to arnav kapur, a graduate student in the media lab, the future is silent. he's developed a system to surf the internet with his mind. >> arnav kapur: what happens is, when you're reading or when you're talking to yourself, your brain transmits electrical signals to your vocal cords.

you can actually pick these signals up and you can get certain clues as to what the person intends to speak. >> pelley: so the brain is sending an electrical signal for a word that you would normally speak, but your device is intercepting that signal? >> kapur: it is. >> pelley: so instead of speaking the word, your device is sending it into a computer. >> kapur: that's correct. >> pelley: that's unbelievable. let's see how this works. so we tried him. what is 45,689 divided by 67? >> kapur: sure. >> pelley: he silently asked the computer, and then hears the answer through vibrations transmitted through his skull and into his inner ear. >> kapur: six-eight-one-point- nine-two-five. >> pelley: exactly right. one more. what's the largest city in bulgaria and what is the population?

the screen shows how long it takes the computer to read the words that he's saying to himself. >> kapur: sofia, 1.21 million. >> pelley: that is correct. you just googled that. >> kapur: i did. >> pelley: you could be an expert in any subject. you have the entire internet in your head. >> kapur: that's the idea. >> pelley: ideas are the currency of m.i.t.'s media lab. the lab is a six-story tower of babel where 230 graduate students speak dialects of art, engineering, biology, physics and coding, all translated into innovation. ( dolphin sounds ) >> hugh herr: the media lab is this glorious mixture, this renaissance, where we break down these formal disciplines and we mix it all up and we see what pops out. that's the magic, that intellectual diversity. >> pelley: hugh herr is a professor who leads an advanced prosthetics lab. and what do you get from that?

>> herr: you get this craziness. when you put, like, a toy designer next to a person that's thinking about what instruments will look like in the future, next to someone like me, that's interfacing machines to the nervous system, you get really weird technologies. you get things that no one could have conceived of. >> pelley: the media lab was conceived in a 1984 proposal. m.i.t.'s nicholas negroponte wrote, "computers are media" that will lead to "interactive systems." he predicted the rise of flat panel displays, h.d. tvs, and news "whenever you want it." negroponte became co-founder of the lab, and its director for 20 years. >> nicholas negroponte: when we were demonstrating these things. >> pelley: it looked like magic. >> negroponte: indistinguishable from magic. >> you are going east on main

street. >> pelley: in 1979, m.i.t. developed "movie map," which predated google street view by decades. >> you are going north on aspen street. >> pelley: now, notice what's so common today that you didn't even notice it-- he's touching the screen. if you had seen that on "60 minutes" in the '80s, you would you have been amazed. and, you might have been dazzled by one of the earliest flat screens. >> negroponte: it was six inches by six inches, black and white. it was a $500,000 piece of glass. >> pelley: it cost a half a million dollars? >> negroponte: it cost half a million dollars, that piece of glass. i said, "that piece of glass will be six feet in diagonal with millions of pixels in full color." >> pelley: in 1997, the lab also gave birth to the grandfather of siri and alexa. >> nomadic, wake up. >> okay, i am listening. >> go to my email. >> where do you want to go? >> pelley: and in 1989, it

created turn-by-turn navigation that it called "back seat driver." >> bear right at the stop sign. >> negroponte: and the m.i.t. patent lawyers looked at it and said, "this will never happen, never be done, because the insurance companies won't allow it. so we're not going to patent it." >> pelley: look through the glass-walled labs today, and you will witness 400 projects in the making. the lab is developing pacemaker batteries recharged by the beating of the heart, self- driving taxi tricycles that you summon with your phone, phones that do retinal eye exams, and teaching robots. >> pattie maes: so we think that the devices of tomorrow have an opportunity to do so much more, and to fit better in our lives. >> pelley: professor pattie maes ran the graduate program's student admissions for more than a decade. >> maes: we really select for people who have a passion.

we don't have to tell them to work hard. we have to tell them to work less hard and to get sleep, occasionally. >> pelley: how often does a student come to you with an idea and you think, "we're not going to do that?" >> maes: actually, for us, the crazier the better. >> pelley: adam haar-horowitz's idea was so nutty, he was one of 50 new students admitted out of 1,300 applications. >> adam haar-horowitz: i was really interested in a state of sleep where you start to dream before you're fully unconscious. where you keep coming up with ideas right as you're about to go to sleep. >> time to go to sleep. >> pelley: haar-horowitz's system plants ideas for dreams... >> remember to think of a mountain. >> pelley: ...then records conversations with the dreamer during that semi-conscious moment before you fall asleep. >> tell me, what are you thinking? >> sleeper: i'm doing an origami pyramid. >> pelley: her origami pyramid dream was influenced by the

robot saying the word "mountain." it's long been believed that this is the moment when the mind is its most creative. haar-horowitz hopes to capture ideas that we often lose by the next morning. >> haar-horowitz: so, it's basically like a conversation. you can ask, "hey, jibo, i'd like to dream about a rabbit tonight." it would watch for that trigger of unconsciousness, and then right as you're hitting the lip, it triggers you with the audio. and it asks you, what is it that you're thinking about? you record all that sleep talking. and then later, when you wake up fully, you can ask for those recordings. >> pelley: and when he brought this idea to you, what did you think, really? >> maes: crazy enough, yep. ( laughs ) >> herr: welcome to the world of bodies and motions. >> pelley: nearby, in hugh herr's lab, everett lawson's brain is connected to his prosthetic foot, a replacement for the club foot he was born with. >> everett lawson: the very definition of a leg, or a limb or ankle is going to dramatically change with what they're doing. it isn't just whole, it's 150%.

>> herr: you feel directly corrected? >> lawson: yeah, when i fire a muscle really fast, it makes its full sweep. >> pelley: herr's team has electronically connected the computers in the robotic foot with the muscles and nerves in lawson's leg. >> herr: he's not only able to control via his thoughts. he can actually feel the designed synthetic limb. he feels the joints moving as if the joints are made of skin and bone. >> pelley: for professor herr, necessity was the mother of invention. he lost his legs to frostbite at age 17, after he was stranded by a winter storm while mountain climbing. >> herr: through that recovery process-- my limbs are amputated, i design my own limbs-- i return to my sport of mountain climbing. i was climbing better than i'd achieved with normal, biological limbs. that experience was so inspiring because i realized the power of technology to heal, to

rehabilitate, and even extend human capability beyond natural, physiological levels. >> pelley: you developed the legs that you're wearing today? >> herr: each leg has three computers, actually, and 12 sensors. and they run these computations based on the sensory information that's coming in. and then what's controlled is a motor system, like muscle, that drives me as i walk; enable me to walk at different speeds. >> pelley: what will this mean for people with disabilities? >> herr: technology is freeing. it removes the shackles of disability from humans. and the vision of the media lab is that one day, through advances in technologies, we will eliminate all disability. >> joi ito: so, that was a big deal. >> pelley: the current director of the media lab is joi ito-- a four-time college drop-out, and one of those misfits that the lab prefers. after success in high tech venture capital, he came here to preside over the lab's

30 faculty and a $75 million annual budget. how do you pay for all this? >> ito: so, we have 90 companies that pay us a membership fee to join the consortium. and then, because it's all coming into one pot, i can distribute the funds to our faculty and students, and they don't have to write grant proposals, don't have to ask for permission. they just make things. >> pelley: do any of these companies lean on you from time to time, and say, "hey, we need some product here." >> ito: they do. i've fired companies for that. >> pelley: you fired them? >> ito: yeah, i've told companies, you're too bottom- line oriented. maybe we're not right for you. >> pelley: the sponsors, which include lego, the toy maker; toshiba, exxonmobil, and general electric, get first crack at inventions. the lab holds 302 patents, and counting. >> caleb harper: we're inside of the lab. >> pelley: caleb harper's idea is so big, it doesn't fit in the building. so, m.i.t. donated the site of

an abandoned particle accelerator for this trained architect, who is now building farms. >> welcome to the farm. >> pelley: he calls these "food computers"-- farms where conditions are perfect. >> harper: they're all capable of controlling climate. so they make a recipe. this much co2, this much o2, this temperature. so we create a world in a box. most people understand if you say, oh, the tomatoes in tuscany on the north slope taste so good, and you can't get them anywhere else. that's those genetics under those conditions that cause that beautiful tomato. so we study that inside of these boxes with sensors, and the ability to control climate. >> pelley: tuscany in a box. >> harper: tuscany in a box, napa in a box, bordeaux in a box. >> pelley: now, these are plants you're growing in air. >> harper: yeah. >> pelley: these basil plants grow, not in soil, but in air... >> harper: the plant is super happy. >> pelley: no dirt. ...air saturated with a custom mix of moisture and nutrients. >> so each one of these are drops that drops down to the reservoir. >> pelley: the food computers

grow almost anything, anywhere. what have you learned about cotton farming? >> harper: so, cotton is actually a perennial plant, which mean it would grow, you know, the whole year long, but it's treated like an annual. we have a season. so in this environment, since it's perfect for cotton, we've had plants go 12 months. >> pelley: so how many crops can you get in a controlled environment like this one? >> harper: you can crop up to four or five seasons. we're growing, on average, three to four times faster than they can grow in the field. >> pelley: the uncommon growth of the media lab flows from its refusal to be bound to goals, contracts, or next quarter's profits. it is simply a ship of exploration, going wherever a crazy idea may lead. >> herr: we get to think about the future. what does the world look like, ten years, 20 years, 30 years? what should it look like? you know, the best way to predict the future is to invent it. >> pelley: researchers at the media lab continue to make advances. arnav kapur's headset that allowed him to surf the internet

with his mind is now the size of a band-aid, hugh herr has helped more amputees, and caleb harper's food computers are growing disease-fighting herbs. ( ticking ) >> moving faster, longer, and stronger. >> oh, that's remarkable. >> human legs get an assist. go to 60minutesovertime.com. cologuard: colon cancer screening for people 50 and older at average risk. i took your advice and asked my doctor to order cologuard, that noninvasive colon cancer screening test. the delivery guy just dropped it off. our doctor says it uses advanced science. it's actually stool dna technology that finds 92 percent of colon cancers. no prep, and private. colon cancer screening that's as easy as get, go, gone.

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captioning funded by cbs and ford. we go further, so you can. captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org captioning funded by cbs >> previously on "big brother"! the six shooter's alliance of christie, tommy, micky, holly and jack were dominating the game! >> yeah, we're taking them out one by one. >> with holly as head of household, their next targets were nick and sam. >> i've nominated you, nick, and you, sam. >> holly and kat were closer than people realized. >> holly and i have more than ommo >> our lives are very intertwined. >> they formed a final two. if anyone no the house finds out, we're dead. >> kat offered hervi