captioning funded by cbs and ford. we go further, so you can. >> for four months, hong kong streets have been teeming with protestors demanding freedom from mainland china. we went through hong kong with some prominent protestors to try and understand just how far they were prepared to go. excuse me ma'am, are you still here following mr. lai? it was hard not to notice that some of them were being watched. ( ticking ) >> when we first met her, she was a war crimes victim intent on concealing her identity while searching for her family who had been rounded up by isis. five years later, nadia murad is a nobel peace prize winner fighting to hold isis

accountable. >> ( translated ): the morning that i won the nobel prize, i asked my husband, abid, to see if there was a way i could decline, because the prize would make my life difficult. but, fate and god sometimes bring you something so that you can stop crimes and help others. ( ticking ) >> i start seeing the colors and the geometric designs and then boom. visions began. >> visions brought about by the powerful psychedelic drug psilocybin. administered by scientists, aimed at helping people suffering from depression, anxiety, and addiction. do you ever have a day where you wake up and you're like, man, i wish i could have a vodka right now or a beer? >> not at all. which is the craziest thing. because that was my favorite thing to do. >> the image on the left shows connections within the brain before psilocybin. on the right, after. ( ticking ) >> i'm lesley stahl. >> i'm bill whitaker. >> i'm anderson cooper.

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you get your perfect find at a pricto match,owschedule. you get fast and free shipping on the things that make your home feel like you. that's what you get when you've got wayfair. so shop now! >> whitaker: this weekend, as they have each weekend for the past four months, pro-democracy protesters took to the streets of hong kong, with a message meant to reverberate all the way to beijing. cbs news foreign correspondent holly williams, on assignment for "60 minutes," has been inside the crowds, where hundreds of thousands, perhaps millions, have joined these demonstrations.

>> williams: hong kong is famous for its freewheeling capitalism. after 150 years as a british colony, the city returned to chinese control in 1997.china l autonomy for 50 years, with an independent legal system, andh . but many hong kongers believe the chinese government is now chipping away at those limited freedoms. so, they're demanding full democracy-- the right to elect their own leaders, without interference from beijing. who are the protestors? and what are their chances of success? to find out, we went to hong kong. but, to understand what's going on there, you have to start here. ( parade music ) in beijing, on october 1, they threw a carefully choreographed birthday party for the chinese regime.

it's been 70 years since the communists took power. the show of strength and stability by a rising superpower was also a warning to hong kong. pandas in beijing. 1,200 miles south, people were hogere demdingcelebrate. unfettered democracy for their city of seven million people. many wear face masks to hide their identity from the police. on the 70th anniversary, the march started peacefully, as they normally do. you're right in the front. >> jimmy lai: yes, always. >> williams: at 71, jimmy lai has lived the hong kong dream. born in mainland china, he fled the communists when he was 12 years old. he went from rags to riches, from a worker in a textile factory to a billionaire with a

chain of fashion stores. and then, this. in98hechinese nks massacred stents in beijing's tiananmen square, he gotcompanot isn't afraid to criticize the chinese government. >> lai: i like to participate in delivering information, because i think information is freedom. >> williams: he told us hong kongers are demanding real democracy, and are fighting to hold onto their basic human rights. >> lai: the intention of the chinese government taking away our freedom is so obvious, that we know if we don't fight, we will lose everything. >> williams: what do you mean, lose everything? >> lai: when you lose the freedom, you lose everything. what do you have? >> williams: i mean, you have a wonderful city. prosperity. >> lai: that's what chinese think.

that-- they think that we just have a body, we don't have a soul. "you guys just make money, have a good life. don't think about politics. don't think about freedom. don't think about human right. don't think about rule of law. just-- just eat. enjoy life." >> williams: why is that not enough? >> lai: because we-- we are human being. we have soul. we are not a dog.>>li ailerce from beijing. at the anniversary celebration, china's president xi jinping predicted a brighter future for hong kong, but many in this city don't trust him. ( speaking chinese ) this gentleman marched proudly with an american flag. this man is a refugee from mainland china. he says he swam here in 1962, and he hates the chinese communist party. many of the protesters carry umbrellas. that started five years ago in

themselves against pepper spray. now, the protesters even have their own anthem. ♪ ♪ they've released this orchestral version. "may freedom reign," go the lyrics. "glory be to thee, hong kong." >> lai: we share the same value as you americans. what we are fighting for is the first battle of the new cold war. >> williams: the cold war between the u.s. and china. >> lai: and china. >> williams: and you're saying your values here in hong kong line up with the west? >> lai: yes, because of our-- our british past. they did not give us democracy. but they gave us the rule of law, the free market, the private property right, free press. >> williams: and they have none of those in mainland china? >> lai: no. they have none of those.

>> williams: for jimmy lai, those values don't come cheap. the chinese government has pressured companies not to advertise in his paper, he told us, costing him millions of dollars a year. that's why few business people here dare to criticize china's rulers. >> lai: i take the responsibility to fight because this give me-- a meaning to my life. >> williams: this young woman, barely in her 20s, calls herself paris. she dresses this way when she protests, to protect her identity. >> paris: the people of hong kong have been subject to citywide terrorism. >> williams: for four months, she's been on the front lines. >> paris: the risk i'm taking is pretty much ten years in jail on rioting charges, you know, maybe >> williams: why are youling to risk your future for these protests? >> paris: if hong kong doesn't have a future, then, like, what is my future here? i can't see hong kong having a future, you know, if the movement fails. >> williams: are you and other protesters willing to risk

death? >> paris: no. i'm not willing to die. but you know, i accept that it's a possibility. i think hong kong is at a point where things can't turn back, things can only escalate from here. >> williams: the protesters and the police blame each other for the escalation. police say the protesters keep attacking them. protesters say the police keep over-reacting, beating them when they're already down. when this group set upon police with metal rods, an officer shot one in the chest at point blank range. he survived, becoming one of more than 1,000 protesters to be treated in hospitals. 2,000 have been arrested. >> paris: i think it's difficult when all we have are umbrellas,r we saw protestors who were throwing petrol bombs. and we've seen-- >> paris: yeah, molotov

cocktails. i would say that the police have pushed us into doing this. >> williams: we watched protestors emptytc of molotov cocktails and set fire to a subway station. the beijing government uses scenes like this to paint the protesters as rioters, paid off by foreign agents. the protestors say they won't leave the streets until their demands are met, but the hong kong authorities don't want to give in. this is a stalemate, and it's only the chinese government in beijing that can break it. china has quietly doubled the size of its hong kong garrison in recent weeks. this video seems to be a thinly-veiled threat about what chinese troops might do. >> bernard chan: i have been involved. >> williams: bernard chan is a hong kong delegate to china's rubber-stamp legislature. you wrote that beijing sees this as a national security threat.

why is what happens in hong kong a national security threat for china? >> chan: well, if you look at some of the slogans that are used by the protesters, they say, "liberate hong kong, revolution of our time." and then, we have protesters, you know, carrying flags of the united states, of u.k. and so on. >> williams: how is that a threat to a superpower like china? >> chan: i don't think, you know, it will be helpful when, in any country, when you see, you know, sign of another country involving in your local politics. >> williams: for 30 years, the west has condemned china for the way that it handled the tiananmen massacre in 1989. how do you think the world will view beijing's response to these protests in 30 years' time? >> chan: i certainly believe that they do not want to see another repeat of what happened back in 1989. so i think that's why they still very much want hong kong police to handle our own problem. >> williams: the spark for these

protests was a proposed law that could have seen people arrested in hong kong sent to mainland china, where hong kongers don't think they'd get a fair trial. last month, the hong kongvementh ll. by then, though, the protesters' demands had expanded to include full democracy. >> samson yuen: this protest is all about politics. it's about values. it's about civic freedom. >> williams: professor samson yuen is studying the protesters. his researchers have interviewed more than 13,000 of them. he told us most of them are young, middle class, and highly educated. with no official leaders, they organize through online forums. >> yuen: people come up with tactical ideas on how to escalate a protest. how to be innovative. and people actually put this into an action. >> williams: can you give me an example of that? >> yuen: people come up with the idea of protesting at the airport. that idea got a lot of support

so it turned into a real action. >> williams: jimmy lai, the dissident media mogul, says his relatives in mainland china have been threatened with arrest, unless he tempers his criticism. he refuses. >> lai: i decide long time ago i'm not going to be intimidated by fear. i say, "no, to hell with it." i'm not going to think about consequences what i do. i just do what's right. >> williams: lai says his home is under constant surveillance, an apparent attempt to frighten away visitors. hi, i'm holly williams from "60 minutes." hi. >> hi. >> williams: may i ask who you are, and who you represent? >> no comment. >> williams: no comment? hello, ma'am, i'm holly williams, from "60 minutes." are you here every day, ma'am, watching mr. lai? taest, there shek she wants to was again. excuse me, ma'am, are you still here following mr. lai? still taking pictures of people

around jimmy lai. still not talking to us. this week, china pressured people outside of hong kong. apple took down an app that could help protesters evade police. google dropped a game about the hong kong protests. and an n.b.a. team executive apologized after tweeting support for the demonstrators. but, on the street, the government's intimidation tactics have backfired, according to professor samson yuen. >> yuen: more people are joining the fights because of repeated police brutalities. >> williams: even the peaceful protesters think that perhaps violence is necessary. >> yuen: yes. i think definitely. it is not indiscriminate violence. it's more targeted at the police authorities or the government authorities. i think right now, the government is still trying to repress the protests and not willing to negotiate with the protesters. >> williams: the young

protestors are idealistic, and perhaps naiïve, but jimmy lai says they're hong kong's last chance for freedom. >> lai: when i saw the kids went in the front and confront the police, i was very touched. i admire them. >> williams: why does it touch you? >> lai: because they risk their life to protect this place we call home. >> williams: lai told us his generation has failed them. >> lai: in the 30 years, we haven't done anything, the older generation, to secure the freedom, the way of life for our kids. and that's why now they have to stand up to fight for themselves. ( ticking ) >> cbs war correspondent holly williams talks about a side of hong kong she never knew. go to 60minutesovertime.com

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>> pelley: she wore a scarf in our first interview, because she did not want you to know her. she was a humble 21-year-old from a poor farm family. her dream was to own a hair salon in her village of nearly 2,000, but that was before the massacre. she didn't want to be on "60 minutes." but, she needed the world to know what isis did. the murder, the rape, the genocide of her people. five years ago, in iraq, we discovered this hesitant, frightened woman. we did not imagine her scarf concealed not only her identity, but also a fierce invincibility which would lead her, four years after our interview, to the

highest honor the world has to give. we found her here-- among refugees who survived the invasion of the isis terrorist army. her people are yazidis, a minority in northern iraq that is poor, persecuted, and bound by faith to its revered mount sinjar. in 2014, isis invaded. two months later, we came to report on the atrocities of the self-described islamic state. of course, no country on earth recognizes that state, but if it had a border, this would be it. beyond that border was the yazidi homeland, where the faithful practice a religion that predates islam by 3,000 years. in isis's perversion of the muslim faith, the yazidis were slavery and death.

>> nadia murad ( translated ): on friday, august 15, at 11:30 a.m., they entered our village and told us all to come to the school. there, the women and kids were put upstairs, and the men downstairs. >> pelley: what happened to you at that point? >> murad ( translated ): as we were entering the school, i was with one of my brothers. there, we saw a bulldozer, and i asked my brother "why is there a bulldozer here?" he replied, "to throw dirt on the bodies when they're done killing." >> pelley: her brother was right. the yazidis, about half a million, were defenseless civilians. thousands of men, and elder women, were executed. boys, age seven and older, were forced into the isis army. what happened next? >> murad ( translated ): they started loading up 150 girls in four dump trucks. >> pelley: more than 3,000 women and girls, as young as nine, were trucked into slavery.

she says she was sold and raped, sold and raped again, and then gang-raped after a failed escape. what about the other members of your family? >> murad ( translated ): i have no idea where my brothers are. i want them all to return, but most of all, i just want my mother! tell them, "i just want my mother!" >> pelley: she seemed broken. but, as our interview went on, her confidence grew, as though she came to realize she wasn't speaking for herself, she was speaking for her people. months later, she settled in germany, joined a human rights group, and campaigned for justice. in 2018, the world learned her name, because nadia murad was awarded the nobel peace prize.

( applause ) the 2018 peace prize was meant to expose atrocities women suffer in war. the honor was shared with denis mukwege, whose hospital treats the sexually assaulted in the democratic republic of congo. i'm curious why you chose to speak with us five years ago? >> murad ( translated ): at the beginning, rape was a big shame for me and for others to speak about. because it would have remained a shame on you, on your family and on your people. the biggest incentive that made me talk was those left behind, including my mother and sisters. i knew what was happening to those in the captivity of isis. >> pelley: nadia murad was captive nine days when the last man who bought her left a door unlocked. kind-hearted strangers smuggled her across the islamic state line.

she became a u.n. human rights ambassador, began learning english, wrote a memoir, and vowed to see isis in court. but for that, she needed a lawyer. >> amal clooney: i met nadia after a colleague called me and said, "i have a new case for you." and i said, "no thanks. i'm busy." and he said, "there's just an extraordinary young woman i want you to meet. give me an hour." >> pelley: it didn't take an hour for leading human rights attorney amal clooney to take the case. >> clooney: i saw it as a test of the international system. it was so egregious, because it involved isis, it involved a clear case of genocide. it involved sexual slavery to-- at a scale that we haven't seen in modern times. and i thought, if the u.n. can't act in this case, then what does the international rule of law even mean? >> pelley: by 2015, not one free yazidi remained in their homeland. this wasn't just war. by international law, the

executions, rape, and kidnapping were war crimes. >> clooney: this was the same dilemma that the world had after the atrocities of nazi germany. and it's the u.s., under president truman and president roosevelt, that said, "no, we have to have trials, because there must be a judicial record of the atrocities committed by the nazis." because today, you do have people denying that there were gas chambers and-- and what do you have to point to? you can go back and say, "well, there are 4,000 documents that were submitted as exhibits in the nuremburg trials." and the yazidis deserve nothing less than that. >> pelley: and there might be similar stacks of evidence of the crimes against the yazidis, but clooney feared securing it was a race against time. >> clooney: you had mass graves that weren't secured, where the yazidis knew their relatives were buried, and nobody was exhuming them. and also, i noticed that witnesses were becoming more ans time went by. so, you know, there was only so much we could do as a small team

of lawyers. and we said, "this is the responsibility of the u.n. and it's the responsibility of the most powerful body within the u.n., which is the security council." >> pelley: had you ever heard of the u.n. security council? >> murad: never. >> pelley: in 2015, just a year after we met her, nadia murad asked the security council to hold isis accountable. >> murad ( translated ): i've seen what they've done to boys and girls. all those who commit the crime of trafficking and genocide need to be brought to justice. >> pelley: the security council voted to approve a first step. in 2017, it created an investigative team to collect evidence of isis's crimes in iraq. this spring, the team began exhuming some of the 202 mass graves that are known. now, the question is whether the evidence will ever be heard. iraqi courts are convicting thousands of isis suspects of terrorism, but none has been tried for the crime of genocide against the yazidis.

small pockets of isis fighters remain in syria and iraq. but u.s. and iraqi troops have shattered isis as a cohesive military force. is that justice? >> clooney: absolutely not. you know, if you speak to yazidi witnesses, victims, survivors, they will say, "it doesn't help me if somebody's killed in a drone strike." in terms of justice, that means something very different. that means being able to be in a courtroom and look their abusers in the eye, and tell the world what happened. what isis did to them. and that hasn't happened yet. >> pelley: it has happened before, in other atrocities. last year, a u.n.-backed court in cambodia convicted two former officials of genocide, 40 years after the khmer rouge murdered 1.7 million. beginning in the 1990s, u.n. war crime trials were held for the former yugoslavia and rwanda.

but iraq is not a member of the international criminal court and has not agreed to war crime trials of its own. international dges be involved in these trials. there are dierenways designing it. you know, the iraqi government could enter into a treaty with the u.n., or there could be an international court and the iraqis could agree to transfer those responsible for international crimes to that court. >> pelley: today, peace, if not justice, has settled into the folds of mount sinjar. four days after accepting the nobel, nadia murad returned with the yazidi man she would soon marry, and two replicas of her is is what the absence of justice looks like. the demands of the desperate focused on a woman, abducted ate

morning that i won the nobel prize, i asked my husband, abid, to see if there was a way i could decline, because the prize would make my life difficult. but, fate and god sometimes bring you something so that you can stop crimes and help others. >> pelley: has the nobel prize changed your hopes for the future? >> murad ( translated ): now people look at me like i can rebuild sinjar, that i can bring more help for the victims and that i can take care of the orphans. but, without support, this is not going to happen by just >> pelley: in her village, she said, "i have left a nobel prize at the iraqi parliament.

i hope iraq, after 4,000 years, will recognize yazidis. we have always been second-class citizens." later, she walked to a site that held the answer to the desperate question she asked in our first interview. the long green depression in the earth was a mass grave-- her mother's grave. ( crying ) she said, "dear mother, my poor mother." you left a replica of your nobel peace prize at your mother's grave. >> murad: yeah. >> pelley: what do you think she would have thought of that? >> murad ( translated ): i wonder if she knows that i have talked to the world about her silent death, the killing of her six sons and her two nieces. i often feel that what i have

been doing is because of her. i wish that she would know about it. she may be happy because the world now knows what isis has done. >> pelley: this is the school where nadia murad was separated from her family. five years later, the murdered and missing are present, but unaccounted for. >> pelley: altogether, nadia, how many members of your family were murdered? >> murad ( translated ): we were 48 brothers, mothers, sisters, nephews and nieces in our family. nine were killed, and three are missing. the rest, who were rescued, now live in refugee camps. >> pelley: there isn't much for refugees to return to. yazidi homes were wrecked or looted of everything but memories.

day, nadia murad is nati dreams-- an accidental leader facing questions she cannot answer. will they have homes? will there be justice? it's estimated as many as 5,000 yazidis were murdered, 6,000 abducted. nearly 4,000 are missing still. with no international trials scheduled for these crimes, evidence from mass graves is being entombed in baghdad, where it will wait until the world that hears her voice, shares her courage. ( ticking ) lisa jones! hey carl, what are you charging me for online equity trades? laughs/umm.. and do i get my fees back if i'm not happy? like a satisfaction guarantee?

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>> cooper: for most of us, psychedelic drugs conjure up images of the 1960s, hippies tripping out on l.s.d. or magic mushrooms. but these powerful, mind- altering substances are now being studied seriously by scientists inside some of the country's foremost medical research centers. they're being used to treat depression, anxiety and addiction. the early results are impressive, as are the experiences of the studies' volunteers who go on a six-hour, sometimes terrifying, but often life-changing psychedelic journey deep into their own minds. >> carine mclaughlin: people ask me, "do you want to do it again?" i say, "hell, no, i don't want to go do that again." >> cooper: it was really that bad? >> mclaughlin: oh, it was awful. he ebeginng, >> cooper: carine mclaughlin is talking about the hallucinogenic experience she had here at johns hopkins university, after being given a large dose of

psilocybin, the psychedelic agent in magic mushrooms, as part of an ongoing clinical trial. >> roland griffiths: we tell people that their experiences may vary, from very positive, to transcendent and lovely, to literally hell realm experiences. >> cooper: hell realm? >> griffiths: as frightening an experience as you have ever had in your life. >> cooper: that's scientist roland griffiths. for nearly two decades now, he and his colleague matthew johnson have been giving what they call "heroic doses" of psilocybin to more than 350 volunteers, many struggling with addiction, depression and anxiety. can you tell who is going to have a bad experience, who's going to have a transcendent experience? >> griffiths: our ability to predict that is almost none at all. >> cooper: really? >> matthew johnson: about a third will, at our-- at a high dose, say that they have something like that, what folks would call a bad trip. but most of those folks will actually say that that was key to the experience. >> cooper: carine mclaughlin was

sm sd she tried everything to quit before being given psilocybin at johns hopkins last year. psilocybin itself is non- addictive. do you remember what, like, specifically what you were seeing or? >> mclaughlin: yes. the ceiling of this room were clouds, like, heavy rain clouds, and gradually they were lowering. and i thought i was going to suffocate from the clouds. >> cooper: that was more than a year ago. she says she hasn't smoked since. the study she took part in is still ongoing, but in an earlier, small study of just 15 long-term smokers, 80% had quit six months after taking psilocybin. that's double the rate of any over-the-counter smoking cessation product. >> griffiths: they come to a profound shift of world view. and essentially, a shift in sense of self that i think-- >> cooper: they-- they see their life in a different way? >> griffiths: their world view changes and-- and they are less identified with that self- narrative.

people might use the term "ego." and that creates this sense of freedom. >> cooper: and not just with smokers. >> jon kostakopoulos: beer usually, cocktails, usually vodka sodas, tequila sodas, scotch and sodas. >> cooper: jon kostakopoulos was drinking a staggering 20 cocktails a night, and had been warned he was slowly killing himself, when he decided to enroll in another psilocybin trial at new york university. during one psilocybin session, he was flooded with powerful feelings and images from his past. >> kostakopoulos: stuff would come up that i haven't thought of since they happened. >> cooper: so, old memories that you hadn't even remembered came back to you? >> kostakopoulos: i felt, you know, a lot of shame and embarrassment throughout one of the sessions, about my drinking, and how bad i felt for my parents to put up with all this. >> cooper: he took psilocybin in 2016. he says he hasn't had a drink since. do you ever have a day where you

wake up and you're like, man, i wish i could have a vodka right now, or beer? >> kostakopoulos: never. >> cooper: not at all? >> kostakopoulos: not at all, which is the craziest thing, because that was my favorite thing to do. >> i want you to lie back, put the eyeshade on, and the headphones, and let the music carry you now. >> cooper: using psychedelic drugs in therapy is not new. there were hundreds of scientific studies done on a similar compound, l.s.d., in the 1950s and '60s. it was tested on more than 40,000 people, some in controlled therapeutic settings like this one. but there were also abuses. the u.s. military and c.i.a. experimented with l.s.d., sometimes without patients knowledge. ♪ ♪ fear over rampant drug use and the spread of the counter culture movement, not to mention harvard professor timothy leary urging people to turn on, tune in and drop out, led to a clamp down. >> president nixon: this nation faces a major crisis in terms of

the increasing use of drugs, pa controlled sanac nearly all scientific research in the u.s. into the effects of psychedelics on people stopped. it wasn't until 2000 that scientist roland griffiths won f.d.a. approval to study psilocybin. >> griffiths: this whole area of research has been in the deep freeze for 25 or 30 years. and so as a scientist, sometimes i feel like rip van winkle. >> cooper: and once you saw the results? >> griffiths: yeah. the red light started flashing. this is extraordinarily interesting. it's unprecedented, and the capacity of the human organism to change. it just-- was astounding.or, t'e really clear on that. we are very aware of the risks, and would not recommend that leo this. >> cooper: griffiths and johnson screen out people with psychotic disorders, or with close

relatives who have had schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. study volunteers at johns hopkins are given weeks of intensive counseling before and after the six-hour psilocybin experience. the psilocybin is given in a carefully controlled setting, one to three times. to date, they say there's not been a single serious adverse outcome. >> mary cosimano: so, i'm going to tuck you in. >> cooper: we were told we couldn't record anyone participating in the study while they were on psilocybin, because it might impact their experience, but we were shown how it begins, without the psilocybin. >> cosimano: questions? >> cooper: nope. you lay on a couch, with a blind fold to shut out distractions. >> cosimano: put the headphones on. >> cooper: and headphones playing a mix of choral and classical music. a psychedelic soundtrack with a trained guide, mary cosimano, watching over you. >> cosimano: okay, so, give me your hand. so, i'm going to take your hand. >> cooper: everything the same way it was for the l.s.d. experiments scientists conducted in the 1950s and '60s.

some of the most dramatic results have been with terminal cancer patients struggling with anxiety and paralyzing depression. >> kerry pappas: i start seeing the colors and the geometric designs, and it's like, "oh, this is so cool," and "how lovely," and, and then, boom. visions began. >> cooper: kerry pappas was diagnosed with stage iii lung cancer in 2013. during her psilocybin session, she found herself trapped in a nightmare her mind created. >> pappas: an ancient, prehistoric, barren land. and there's these men with pickaxes, just slamming on the rocks. so-- >> cooper: and this felt absolutely real to you? >> pappas: absolutely real. i was being shown the truth of reality. "life is meaningless. we have no purpose." and then i look, and i'm still,

like, a witness, a beautiful, shimmering, bright jewel. and then it was sound, and it was booming, booming, booming. "right here, right now." >> cooper: that was being said? >> pappas: yes. "you are alive. right here, right now, because that's all you have." and that is my mantra to this day. >> michael pollan: it seemed so implausible to me that a single experience caused by a molecule, right, ingested in your body, could transform your outlook on something as profound as death. that's-- that's kind of amazing. >> cooper: author michael pollan wrote about the psilocybin studies in a best-selling book, called "how to change your mind." as part of his research, he tried psilocybin himself with the help of an underground guide. the kind of things that cancer patients were saying, like "i touched the face of god."

you were skeptical about when you hear phrases like that? >> pollan: yeah. or, "love is the most important thing in the universe." when someone tells me that, i'm just like, "yeah, okay." >> cooper: so you don't go for some of the phrases that are used? >> pollan: no. it gives me the willies, as a writer. and i really struggled with that, because during one of my experiences, i came to the earth-shattering conclusion that love is the most important thing in the universe. but it's-- that's hallmark card stuff, right? and, so-- >> cooper: and yet, while you were on it, and afterward-- >> pollan: it was profoundly true. and it is profoundly true. guess what? >> cooper: there's a reason it's on a hallmark card. >> pollan: there is a reason. and one of the things psychedelics do is, they peel away all those essentially protective levels of irony and, and cynicism that we, that we acquire as we get older, and you're back to those kind of "oh, my god. i forgot all about love." ( laughs ) >> cooper: pollan said he also experienced what the researchers describe as ego loss, or identity loss, the quieting of the constant voice we all have in our heads. >> pollan: i did have this

experience of seeing my ego burst into a little cloud of post-it notes. i know it sounds crazy. >> cooper: and what are you are without an ego? >> pollan: you're-- ( laughs ) you had to be there. >> cooper: researchers believe that sensation of identity loss occurs because psilocybin quiets these two areas of the brain that normally communicate with each other. they're part of a region called the default mode network, and it's especially active when we're thinking about ourselves and our lives. >> pollan: and it's where you connect what happens in your life te e. >> cper: we alvelop a story over time about what our past was like and who we are. >> pollan: right. yeah, what kind of person we are. how we react. and the fact is that interesting things happen when the self goes quiet in the brain, including this rewiring that happens. >> cooper: to see that rewiring, johns hopkins scientist matthew johnson showed us this representational chart of brain activity.

the circle on the left shows normal communication between parts of the brain. on the right, what happens on psilocybin. there's an explosion of connections, or crosstalk, between areas of the brain that don't normally communicate. the difference is just startling. >> johnson: right. >> cooper: is that why people are having experiences of seeing, you know, repressed memories, or past memories, or people who have died or? >> johnson: that's what we think. and even the perceptual effect, sometimes the synesthesia, like, the-- the seeing sound. >> cooper: people see sound? >> johnson: yeah, sometimes. >> cooper: i don't even know what that means. >> johnson: right, yeah. ( laughs ) it's-- it's-- >> pollan: maybe the ego is one character among many in your mind. and you don't necessarily have to listen to that voice that's chattering at you and criticizing you and telling you what to do. and that's very freeing.freeforg anxiety about death is gone. >> pappas: yeah, it's amazing.

i mean, i feel like death doesn't frighten me. living doesn't frighten me. i don't frighten me. this frightens me. >> cooper: this interview frightens you, but death doesn't? >> pappas: no. >> cooper: it turns out most of the 51 cancer patients in the johns hopkins study experienced "significant decreases in depressed mood and anxiety" after trying psilocybin. two-thirds of them rated their psilocybin sessions as among the most meaningful experiences of their lives. for some, it was on par with the birth of their children. >> pappas: to this day, it evolves in me. >> cooper: it's still alive in you. >> pappas: it's still absolutely alive in me. >> cooper: does it make you happier? >> pappas: yeah. and i don't necessarily use the word "happy." comfortable. like, comfortable. i mean, i've suffered from anxiety my whole life. i'm comfortable. that, to me, okay. i can die. i'm comfortable. ( laughs ) i mean, it's huge.

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- the god account sent joy the friend suggestion, not you. - if i'm gonna do this, i need to do it my way. - why didn't you tell me you were a public defender back in chicago? - miles was gonna tell me that he loved me. but for some reason, i, uh, i can't tell him that. - did you finally tell her you love her? - i don't need to say anything. - but you want to. - you miss the god account. - why would the god account be taken away from me? - the god account left a message on your wall. - i think you were right about the "lady" being the statue of liberty. you're just at the wrong one. you need to come to paris. - the god account has never been easy and almost always requires you to take a risk, which is why i need to follow the lady. - who... [chuckles] it turns out, happens to be in paris, along with another very important lady... my girlfriend, cara. so stay tuned, the "millennial prophet" is going international.