♪ ♪ [ ticking ] you used words like you're outraged. you're disgusted by what's happening on the streets. >> i am because i see what everybody else sees. i try to walk my kids to the park and have a difficult time navigating the sidewalk. >> that's california governor gavin newsom talking about the largest homeless population in the country. one in four of california's homeless has a serious mental health issue and the crisis has bred fear in communities as violent crime rises.

what can be done about it? the state has a plan called care court, and that's our story tonight. the u.s. has spent more than $70 billion on ukrainian aid. we were surprised to learn that among other things that funding covers the salaries of 57,000 first responders and the teams that train the rescue dogs who help look for survivors after russian air strikes. the u.s. is also subsidizing ukrainian small businesses so they can pay their employees, many of whom have family members on the front lines. >> how do you feel about that? >> grateful. great. so the two-toed you say looks like a cross between a wookiee and a pig because they have that sort of beakable nose. >> yes. >> and this one has the beatles haircuts and mona lisa smiles.

>> behind that ringer for ringo is a secret. being nature's couch potato is the reason sloths have survive for more than 60 million years in spite of themselves. ♪ ♪ i'm leslie stahl. >> i'm bill whitaker. >> i'm anderson cooper. >> i'm sharyn alfonsi. >> i'm john wortheim. >> i'm cecilia vega. >> i'm scott pelley. those stories tonight on "60 minutes." if your r moderate t to se crohn's s disease oror ulcerativive colitis s syms arare stoppingng you in your r tracks.... choooose stelarara® from thehe start.... and move toward d relief after the e first dosese... wiwith injectitions every twtwo months.. stelara®® may incncrease your risk k of infectitions, some serioious, and cacan. befofore treatmement, get teststed for tb.b. tetell your dodoctor if yoyoue an infnfection, flflu-like symymptoms, sores, newew skin growowths, have had c cancer, or if f you need a a vaccine. prpres, a rarere, potentiaiay fatal brbrain conditition, may be p possible.

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based d on your gogoals, whateverer they may y be. all ththat plannining has paid o off. looks likeke you can makeke this workrk. we can makake this worork. and the e feeling ofof confide that c comes from m our advi? i can n make this s work. ththat seems t to be univever. i can n make this s work. i can makeke this workrk. no w wonder morere than 9 9 out of 10 0 clients are likelyly to recommmmend . because adadvice wortrth listenining to is advice worth talking about. ameripririse financicial. on any given night more than 170,000 people are living on california streets or in its

shelters. it's the largest homeless population in the country fueled by a lack of affordable housing and the state's failure to provide adequate mental health care. one in four has a serious mental illness. it's a crisis that's spread fear in communities as violent crimes rise and this past week sacramento's top prosecutor sued california's capital city for allowing it to, quote, collapse into chaos. that's the landscape governor gavin newsom says he's trying to change starting this fall with a controversial new plan on track to cost billions. it's called care court because it brings mental health care into the courtroom. now judges will order to people to get help and counties to provide it under a new law that emphasizes accountability and consequences. we met with governor newsom and found him to be fired up and fed up. >> change has its enemies. i get it, but one thing you

cannot argue with all due respect for all of the critics out there is the status quo. you can't and in the absence of alternatives, what the hell are we going to do to address this crisis? >> it is a crisis overwhelming cities across the country, but california has been hit the hardest. and governor gavin newsom says it is desperation borne out of scenes like this that drove the idea for care court. >> you've used words like you're outraged. you're disgusted by what's happening on the streets. >> i am because i see what everybody else sees. i try to walk my kids to the park, and i have a difficult time navigating the sidewalk. it's a fail first system, not a care first system which means you have to end up in the criminal justice system before finally someone provides support, a bed and a solution. we have to change that and that's what we're doing. >> here's how it will work. a person referred to care court for a severe mental illness is evaluated. if they have an untreated psychotic disorder like schizophrenia, a judge can order a mental health treatment plan including medication, therapy and a place to live.

>> the governor believes the new civil court system will help thousands get off the streets and make everyone safe are by helping people before they become a danger to themselves or others. >> do you think care court could be the solution that could save someone's life? >> i don't think it. i know it. it's very familiar what we're doing even though it's novel, new and bold. >> novel, new and bold. so it's an experiment? >> no, it's not. when people get their meds, when people get support we know we can turn people's lives around. this is imminently solvable. >> what if someone ordered by a judge to get help doesn't think they'll need it? they'll have access to a public defender and can refuse treatment. they won't be sent to jail, but there is a catch. if someone in care court does refuse, a judge could refer them for conservatorship, an extreme outcome that strips them of rights and forces them to comply with treatment. >> this is where he would go. >> anita fisher hopes care court

will be a lifeline for people like her son, pharoh degree, who was diagnosed with schizophrenia while serving in the army 22 years ago. he is now 45. >> tell me a little bit about pharoh. >> pharoh is the kindest, even from a little boy, his report card used to say joy to have in my class and some of the things that we've gone through you couldn't have paid me to believe. >> for nearly two decades, fisher has worked as a mental health advocate in san diego. >> my son is one of those individuals. >> running support groups and classes for hundreds of families when families are derailed by a love one's mental illness. >> a lot of times he even can get very agitated and then he starts to self-medicate, whether it's alcohol or street drugs, and that takes it to a whole different level. >> you sometimes feel like your son goes missing in those moments. >> yes.

we would try to have the conversation with him about have you stopped your medication? and he said well they said i don't need this medication, and i was, like, okay. who is "they"? >> and i know that it's the voices. >> what's this like as a mom for you? >> it's devastating. >> supporters back care court because the new law allows families and others like law enforcement and first responders to petition a court to help them get someone into treatment. until now, fisher says there has been little recourse like last year when her son stopped taking his medication. for seven months she called for a psychiatric intervention, but without her son's consent, she says her attempts were ignored. >> when i saw him i had to call his name and he'd be wrapped in blankets. >> pharoh became homeless and anita spent days searching for him for local spots near their home. >> when you would find pharoh, on these days, what kind of

condition was he in? >> he was just very ps psychiatrically ill, and say i'm fine, but he wouldn't be fine at all. >> your son would be convinced that he was fine mentally, that he didn't need his meds. how do you convince him otherwise? what has to happen? >> he ends up arrested. it's almost -- we have to wait for that to happen. >> and last october, he was arrested for vandalism. in custody, he received medication and enrolled in a treatment program. pharoh declined to be interviewed on camera, but he described to us on the phone how difficult it can be to live with his illness. >> constant over thinking. your brain is always racing. your inner voice is always talking, racing, racing, no peace. never any solace and peace. >> what do you think would have happened to him had he not had that treatment? >> every single time i have to start in my mind, preparing a funeral. i have to get my heart and

myself and my family ready, you know, that will he make it this time? it's not -- it's not easy. >> with california voters overwhelmingly ranking homelessness as a top concern. >> we have a crisis. >> last year the care act sailed through the state legislature with unanimous and bipartisan support. >> it's the humane thing to do. >> the opponents pointed to the threat of conservatorship where people could be locked up and treated without their consent and more than 50 advocacy courts condemn care court as a costly mistake likely to do real harm. >> some of the words used to describe care court is coercive backward, harmful. are any of those fair? you laugh. >> i don't laugh dismissively and those are talking points that have been on rewind for decades and decades, and i'm frankly, exhausted by them. >> someone could end up in conservatorship and that is a very big deal. isn't care court saying comply

or else? >> we have people that end up in conservatorship all of the time, and i get why people don't want to see more of those, but we have that system already and here's all i ask. prove us wrong. don't assume us wrong. your compassion is not superior to our compassion. >> that's a big angle when you talk about conservatorships, people's lives, prove us wrong. >> exact opposite. >> wait ask see. >> the gamble is allowing more people to die under our watch and the gamble is more families are struggling and suffering. how dare we? >> we see it as a pipeline to conservatorship and the big of the deprivation of civil liberties short of the death penalty. >> eve garrow is for the aclu of southern california. >> what are the individual rights that you think someone would be stripped of under care court? >> the right to determine, for example, what medications go into your body. >> there's no forced medication in care court. >> there's no forced medication, but when there's pressure and

coercion you're more likely to potentially comply with treatment that actually isn't meeting your needs. >> governor newsom says that you're defending the status quo. >> the administration likes to propose this false dichotomy that either we force people into treatment or we let them die on the streets. >> you don't feel like that's what's at stake here? >> i don't feel like that's what's at stake because obviously there's a third alternative. >> garrow says that the alternative is for the state to provide comprehensive care for all californians with mental health disabilities. >> is that realistic? >> yes, it is. if we invest in those services instead of investing in a new court system, of course, it is. >> a lot of people will hear you and say, eve, clearly the current situation is not working. aren't we at the point where we have to try something else? >> i agree completely with that, but the something else we need

to try is not a civil court system. >> we went with garrow to the notorious skid row in los angeles, the county where one in eight of the nation's homeless people live. for years, on and off, that included marquesha babers, a 28-year-old who told us she has several serious mental health conditions including bipolar disorder. when we met her she lived in a shelter. >> i go almost every day to ask if i can speak to a therapist or if i can get some mental health services or help and there are really none or if you do find one the waiting list is six months before you can talk to a therapist. >> six months? >> oh, yeah. absolutely. >> do you feel that you're getting medication that you need? >> absolutely not. >> what has to happen in order for you to get that? >> honestly i would have to be committed into a mental health hospital because volunteer services are backed up or they don't have enough space or my

insurance doesn't cover some of the stuff that i need. >> when i say care court to you, what comes to your mind? >> medical incarceration. it's just another way to mass incarcerate people and instead of it being criminal, it's medical now. >> what would you like to be done? >> i think there just needs to be way more attention to services and prevention rather than the consequences of not having those services. >> this year the newsom administration invested about $17 billion to fight homelessness and treat mental illness. >> there's chance and there's hope. >> leaders in many counties say money earmarked for care court is nowhere near enough for the thousands of people expected to land in the system. >> spare me, honestly. i'm a little indignant by this rhetoric. the only thing limiting people is an unwillingness to be accountable and i'm done with it? are you overly optimistic on this one? this is a very taxed system, and you're expecting it to take on a lot more.

>> i'm done with excuses and you should be done as a taxpayer. everyone watching should be sick and tired of excuses and there's plenty of money in the space. >> yet even with california facing the highest debt in the nation, governor newsom is asking voters to approve billions more for housing, and he admits that without enough, care court will not work. >> you're promising here that anybody who goes into care court will have some kind of housing attached to that. >> i'm not promising anything here. i'm promoting a promise where there's accountability at the local level. i'm not the mayor of california. i'm the governor. >> and those local governments, if they don't comply, will be held accountable? >> absolutely. foundationally what care court is about is about accountability at all levels. >> worth the billions of dollars that you're going to end up spending? >> we're spending more on the back end. we can save taxpayers billions of dollars and save lives. >> by december, care court will launch in eight california counties including los angeles and san diego where anita and pharoh live. by the end of next year, it will

be statewide. >> what is the successful care court look like for pharoh? >> i hope he will never have to use it, and i hope that if it does that he even sees it as a positive experience where his voice is heard. >> if you have to will you initiate care court proceedings? >> absolutely. i have no hesitation. it is trauma for the family to keep going through that with their loved one. >> is part of this that voters are so fed up with what they see on the streets of their cities that as a politician you've got to clean up those streets? >> well, that's generally the case, but that's not the inspiration for care court. >> is there a political factor in this for you? >> as an electoral strategy i'm turned out. that's not the issue. the politics here is compassion. the politics is purpose. >> what happens if care court doesn't work? >> then we learn from it. the biggest risk is we don't take one. >> last month, marquesha babers,

the woman who was living in a los angeles shelter and told us she struggles with mental illness was reported missing by her family. [ ticking ] does governor gavin newsom have presidential ambitions? >> is that a yes or a no? >> at 6060minutesovevertime.com sponsored by pfizer. travavis, did yoyou know youon get thisis season'ss covivid-19 shot t when you gt your flu s shot? huh. two thinings at oncece. two ththings at ononce! ♪♪ two thingsgs at once.. i'i'll have ththe... ...t.two things s at once, please.. now back t to two thingsgs at once.. ♪♪ two thingsgs at once.. that's notot two thingngs at . moooomom! travis?? ask about t getting ththis season's c covid-19 shshot whenen getting y your flu u shot. (vo) while you may not be running an architectural firm,

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[ ticking ] now holly williams on assignment for "60 minutes." >> the u.s. has sent more than $70 billion worth of aid to ukraine since troops crossed its border last year, but now a battle is brewing in washington over the biden administration's request for over $20 billion more. many republicans in congress are opposed. hard liners in the house want to cut off all funding. others are demands more oversight. we went to ukraine to get some answers for the people who are bankrolling the war, american taxpayers. how exactly is your money being

spent and who's watching the weapons and the cash to make sure they end up where they're intended? or first stop, a forest 15 miles from the front line in eastern ukraine. these are u.s.-made bradley fighting vehicles, steel-clad behemoths hidden beneath the canopy. in a makeshift workshop that's difficult for russian drones to spot. ukraine's 47th mechanized brigade was only formed last year, but its soldiers have seen some of the deadliest fighting in this war. the bradley's armor was designed to protect american infantry troops moving through combat zones. now it's doing the same thing for ukrainians. >> wow. look at that. >> this machine survived a land mine and shrapnel from a russian missile. >> yeah. it's done some damage, but it's still in one piece. what happened to the guys who were inside?

are they safe? >> yeah. i suppose they are safe and they are alive. >> the u.s. has sent 186 bradleys here at a cost of around $2 million a piece. >> it is saving your guys' lives?p>> yes. >> do any other vehicles save lives in that way? >> in my opinion and from my experience, this is the best vehicle i have ever seen. >> you're all hidden here in the forest. >> yeah. yeah. >> lieutenant oleksandr shyrshyn is a former sales manager and a father of two who enlisted on february 24, 2022. the same day russia invaded his country. >> what are those u.s. weapons doing to the russian military? what impact are they having? >> we can destroy them faster. we can see them far away. >> they're afraid, even. >> they're afraid of the american weapons? >> of course. how do you know that?

>> sometimes we can take prisoners and they tell people talking about inside their companies, their brigade. >> the u.s. has spent just over $43 billion on military aid to ukraine since russia invaded. that's equivalent to about 5% of the american defense budget. european countries combined have contributed around 30 billion. american rocket launchers are now reaching deep into russian-occupied ukraine, and the patriot air defense system is shielding millions of ukrainian civilians from air strikes. >> where would the ukrainians be right now without u.s. weapons? how much of their country would they have lost? >> without it, i think ukraine could probably have been overrun, defeated and certainly would have lost a lot more. >> lieutenant general ben hodges

served as the commander of the u.s. army in europe. he retired in 2017 and is now an adviser to nato. hodges told us the biden administration has failed to explain to americans what they're getting for their dollar in ukraine. >> if you think about it, russia has been for decades and still is an existential threat for europe and the united states. i mean, listen to what their leaders say. look at the thousand of nuclear weapons and they clearly will keep going if they're not stopped. >> it sounds like you're saying stopping vladimir putin in ukraine directly benefits every american. >> absolutely. this war is about so much more than just ukraine. >> is this a high point for american foreign policy? >> it will be after russia has been defeated. >> american taxpayers are financing more than just weapons. we discovered the u.s. governments buying seeds and

fertilizer for ukrainian farmers and covering the salaries of ukraine's first responders, all 57,000 of them. that includes the team that trained this rescue dog named joy to comb through the wreckage of russian strikes looking for survivors. [ barking ] >> and the u.s. also funds the divers who we saw clearing unexploded ammunition from the country's rivers to make them safe again for swimming and fishing. russia's invasion shrank ukraine's economy by about a third. we were surprised to find that to keep it afloat, the u.s. government is subsidizing small businesses like tatiana abramova's company. >> that's key to ukraine. >> it's special, in the condition of war, we have to work. we have to pay taxes. we have to pay wage, salary to

our employees. we have to work. don't stop. >> why does that help ukraine win the war? >> because economy is the foundation of everything. >> american officials from u.s. aid, the agency in charge of international development, helped abramova find new customers overseas. in the midst of war, her company is supporting over 70 families. >> we realize that it's the aid from government, but it's the aid from their heart of every ordinary american person. >> how do you feel about that? >> grateful. great. >> in total, america's pumped nearly $25 billion of non-military aid into ukraine's economy since the invasion began, and you can see it working at the bustling farmers market on john mccain street in

central kyiv. >> people of ukraine, tis is your moment. >> the late senator is revered in ukraine because he pushed the u.s. government to stop sending arms to the country in 2014. while in kyiv, we learned three of mccain's former colleagues were also in town, democrat elizabeth warren, richard blumenthal and lindsay graham. they don't normally agree on much, together, though, they're some of the staunchest supporters of u.s. funding for ukraine's resistance. >> they're on track to break the russian army and the only way they could possibly lose is if we pull the plug on them. >> the wreckage of russia's war machine was on display for ukraine's independence day celebrations, even as almost a fifth of the country remains under occupation. >> people ask me, is it worth it? here's what we've gotten for our investment. we haven't lost one soldier.

we reduced the combat power of the russian army by 50%. not one of us has died in that endeavor. this is a great deal for america. >> you have previously said it is the best money we've ever spent, since ship helped churchill stand up to the nazis. >> we have to have confidence that the dollars we're spending are actually being spent in defense of the nation. all of that is important, but that's why we are here. >> the senators and other u.s. officials have told us there have been no substantiated cases of weapons being diverted. >> the u.s. department of defense ought to be telling a story about oversight. we're monitoring and following every piece of equipment and there's been no diverse and no evidence of misappropriation. this is an american success story on aiding a partner fighting for freedom. >> but ukraine is a young democracy with a history of corruption.

according to the monitoring group transparency international, it's ranked the second most corrupt country in europe. only russia scores lower. >> we have to get rid of this cancer which is corruption because otherwise we're not going to survive. >> aleksandra ustinova heads all is now an outspoken member of ukraine's government. she chairs all military aid coming to ukraine. she filmed this video for us inside what she called a top-secret warehouse storing american javelin anti-tank missiles. >> we have online databases with the serial numbers of every american piece of weapon that your embassy has access to. they can come, type in, say a javelin or a himars and see in which brigade it is and then go check it if they don't believe. >> so the u.s. officials are

going to the front lines. >> we are letting them. sometimes they may be sending people. sometimes they're going to the logistics centers to see whether it is there or not or whether it is available. >> that may be true now, but a report from the pentagon's inspector general last year found the u.s. government was unable to monitor weapons transfers in the early months of the war in part because the american embassy staff was evacuated. criminal groups in ukraine stole some weapons and equipment from the country's military, though they were later recovered by ukrainian intelligence services. used in other claims that today systems are in place to make sure that never happens again. so what are the stakes for ukraine in making sure that the u.s.-supplied weapons don't go missing? >> i can tell you this is the number one concern for us because we're not stupid to shoot ourselves and we would

have never made it without the united states, and we would never make it without the united states. >> an american hotline for ukrainians to report misuse of assistance from u.s. aid saw a tenfold increase when these posters went up across the country earlier this year and american officials are investigating four criminal cases involving non-military aid and 170 ukrainian government officials including high-ranking military offices have been charged in corruption cases so far this year for crimes like embezzlement and accepting bribes. ustinova told us she considers that good news. >> if we didn't have anyone arrested then that would be a question when people see all these corruption scandals, but nobody goes to jail. >> this life or death battle that ukraine is fighting has made people less tolerant of corruption? >> yes. 100% of the ukrainian budget is being spent on the army. it's someone's bulletproof vest or someone's helmet or someone's

armed vehicle that was not there in time to save the lives. i think this the toll is close to zero because they understand now that corruption kills. >> ukraine is losing u.s. weapons on the battlefield, but lieutenant shyrshyn told us that's the only way they're losing them. >> has anything gone missing? >> in my situation, in my company, in our battalion, i don't know the case like this. ♪ alleluia, alleluia ♪ >> as the war grinds towards its third year, ukrainians are dying in trenches in the streets of their cities and in their own homes. [ crying ] >> the country is fighting for its survival bankrolled in large part by u.s. taxpayers. the outcome may be decided by america's willingness to keep paying. [ crying ]

>> some americans say we're very sympathetic to you ukrainians but we're going through tough times at home and we just can't afford to keep on supporting you. >> ukrainians pay with their lives, and i believe, and i hope that their lives cost much more than money, much more than taxpayers' money. [ ticking ] ( ♪♪ ) ( whale calling ) during its first year, a humpback calf and its mother are almost inseparable. she lifts her calf to its first breath of air, and then protects it on their long journey. one of the most important things you can do is h help the nenext generat. protect ththe oneses you loe with pacacific life'e's trusted fifinancial sosoluti. talk to o a financiaial profesessional ababout life i insurance anand retiremement incomee with pacacific life.e.

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[ ticking ] the stopwatch has long been the symbol of "60 minutes," but any measure of time is pointless for the subject of our next story. the slow-moving sloth. you might think these distant relatives of the armadillo would make the perfect meal for just about anything faster, and yet somehow sloths have been hanging on in one form or another for 64 million years. to understand this quirky animal, we hung out with a

quirky zoologist. lucy cooke has been documenting the strange lives of sloths for 15 years. cooke was our guide on a trip to costa rica where scientists are making new discoveries about a creature that's turned survival of the fittest upside down. >> this is an area where there are lots of sloths, so that we have on our side. >> the first thing we learned about sloths is that it's hard to spot them in the wild. we were warned to keep our eyes on the ground for poisonous snakes as lucy cooke scanned the treetops. the sloth is a master of disguise. it blends into the canopy and can easily be mistaken for a tuft of leaves. >> they tend to hunker down when it rains, so making it even harder to see them. >> our luck improved on the beach. >> oh! there's been out there! she's in the nook of the tree looking a bit like a termite hump and she's hunched over, so

what we're looking at is her back. >> that is not the side of the sloth we went all of the way to central america to see. lucy cooke took us to an animal sanctuary to give us a look at the two species of sloth, the brad i pus and the two toed. they look like a cross between a wookiee and a pig and these have the beatles haircuts and mona lisa smiles. >> behind that ringer for ring is the reason why sloths have survived for more than 60 million years in spite of, well, themselves. their eyesight is lousy, their hearing not much better. in a tree they can move like a tai chi master to avoid the eyes of hungry birds of prey, but on the ground, cooke says gravity removes any shred of dignity, even with a hurricane-strength tailwind, a sloth will top out at a half mile per hour. >> the first people that

described the sloths, the conquistadors that first observed them they said terrible things and sloths were the stupidest animal they had ever seen and one more defect would have made the life impossible and they just didn't understand them, you know? >> cooke says with those early explorers didn't understand and what is frankly hard to believe when you watch the effort it takes for a sloth just to blink, is that this harry ninja is uniquely built to survive. >> why so slow? why do they move so slow? >> because they're saving energy. they're vegetarians and leaves don't want to be eaten more than antelope do, right? they create a lot of toxins, so the sloth can digest those toxins, but only very, very slowly. they don't want to process them fast and so they're all about burning as little energy as possible. >> sloths spend about 90% of their lives hanging upside down

and typically only climb to the ground for bathroom breaks once a week. with habits like that and nails like this, you can understand why they are solitary creatures and prefer to be alone until they don't. >> what they do is the females will climb to the top of a tree when they're in heat and scream for sex. [ laughter ] >> really low key. >> really low key. they scream in d sharp. like, they make this -- i mean, i'll do it, and he may well on the strength of my impersonation, let's see if teddy who is a boy -- >> let's just see if he goes. okay. i'll do it. weeeee! >> i've actually seen bradypuses having sex. it's the only thing they do quickly. i was shocked, but then afterwards both male and female retreated and had the deepest snooze. >> behind lucy cooke's cheeky sense of humor is a hefty

resume. she has a masters degree from oxford and published four books including two on sloths. she's also hted wild life programs for the bbc and national geographic. the photos cooke takes on her expeditions have gone viral, leading to donations for conservation and crowds at lectures that mix biology with stand up. >> we humans are obsessed with speed. we idolize animals like the cheetah capable of doing north to 60 in three seconds flat. well, so what? [ laughter ] >> are they cute or are they so ugly they're cute? >> no, they're cute, surely, but then i think a naked mole rat is cute, so you're asking the wrong person. >> you like a b-list animal. >> yeah. bats, hyenas, there are a whole list of animals that have

extraordinarily strange and wonderful lives and just add to the richness of the universe. >> just look how one of those b-list animals can leave lucy cooke star struck. >> you guys have got to see this! >> as we were making our way through the costa rican rain forest, cooke noticed this, what looked like fluffy golf balls, she realized was a cluster of something we've never heard of. >> come have a look. >> the elusive caribbean white tent-making bats. >> look. they're bats, but they're white and they live in these leaves. >> my heart rate's gone right up and i'm going to start pouring in sweat, and i might start crying because it's just a miracle of evolution, and it's just, like, why? just why? >> that sense of wonder, that's about as exciting as it gets, has made lucy cooke a compelling advocate for sloths. >> like them, she looks at the world from a different point of view.

your latest book is called -- >> "bitch." >> i do apologize you and your work, but yeah, my book's called "bitch." >> it cooke argues the narrative that males are usually dominant and promiscuous while females are sub missive and monogamous. she traveled the world to collaborate with scientists and studied dozens of animals reporting how killer whale pods are led by post-menopausal orcas and how tyrannical matriarchs control meerkat society. her re-examination flips part of charles darwin's theories upside down. >> charles darwin is a hero of mine. i studied evolutionary biology, but he was a victorian man. so when he came to brand the female of the species, she came out in the shape of a victorian housewife, passive, coy, chaste. you know, we were sort of a feminine footnote to the macho main event, basically.

>> i can hear people saying is this biological wokeness. >> well, it would be if it wasn't true. >> you have to ask the hyena, for example, the female spotted hyena if she's passive and coy and she'll laugh in your face after she's bitten it off. >> challenging conventional wisdom is a large part of lucy cooke's crusade to improve the reputation of sloths, but there is a more somber kind of rehabilitation she wanted to show us. this is the toucan rescue ranch near costa rica's capital san jose. >> so sloths are incredibly strong. >> they care for sloths nearly killed by power lines. >> how were the sloths injured? most of the time it's through electrocution where it would look at a straight vine going through the forest and they'll grab a hold of that and then become electrocuted. >> leslie howle wasson

occupational therapist and a team of veterinarians to treat the electrical burps. millions of years of evolution could not prepare the sloths for human sprawl, but the vets told us they believe the sloth's slow metabolism somehow allows them to recover from injuries that might kill other creatures. the toucan rescue ranch also takes in orphans. >> this is little gio, and this is marilyn, and then we have landon here. >> oh, he's a toddler? >> he's toddler and this is the tiniest little benji. >> okay, now my ovaries have cracked. >> it can take up to two years for the orphans to be ready to go back into the wild. >> we watched as a female named nasara was prepared for release and she was given a final checkup and a tracking collar before given a treat. >> off she goes and if she falls asleep in the middle of the release is that a bad thing? [ laughter ]

>> there she goes. >> oh! that's a scary moment. >> mission impossible has nothing on this. woo hoo! >> with that high drama behind us, we headed down the caribbean coast with lucy cooke to visit another british scientist. becky cliffe is conducting the first population study of sloths ever. that might seem like low-hanging fruit. it is not. >> why is it so hard to get scientific data on sloths? >> they've evolved over the last 64 million years to be masters of disguise, right? they are so good at pretending to be coconuts and bird nests that they're hiding from the very people who are trying to help them. neither of the sloth species in costa rica is officially considered endangered, but cliffe says her staff is suddenly seeing fewer sloths and some are suffering from an illness she suspects may be

related to climate change. >> we are getting extreme periods of hot, dry weather and then extreme periods of prolonged cold and rain and that is not what sloths have evolved to survive in. what we're discovering is that the microbes in the sloth's stomach that they use to digest the leaves they east, when the sloth gets too cold those microbes die. so even though the sloth might be eating and looking well, it's not digesting its food properly so they're losing energy and they're getting very weak. >> it sounds like they're starving to death with a full stomach. >> that's exactly it. it's a strange phenomenon that i think only happens in sloth, but it's happening here. >> for cliffe to collect data, she has to collect sloths. >> which branch is she? >> that's a full-time job for her colleague leon. he climbed barefoot up a three-story high tree covered in biting ants, snatching the sloth and then lowering it in a bag.

>> come on, little one. hi. that's impressive. do you have to do that every time you want to get a sloth? >> and this is easy. >> the stuffed sloth she's holding is not a gimmick. it was used to comfort the little one and we helped replace a memory chip in a tiny backpack the sloth wears. >> you're very strong. >> very strong and then lean her back a litle bit. come on, sweetie. we have to clip those little things off. >> this is like dressing a baby. > done. >> what kind of information does this give you? >> we collect a lot of manual data in terms of what type of tree she's in and how high in the tree she is and her micro body movements are being recorded inside there. >> there we go. yeah. that's a girl. >> 32 sloths will get backpacks and be returned slowly to the wild. lucy cooke told us she hopes this study will provide a deeper

understanding of an animal we can be too quick to judge. >> what can we learn from the sloth? >> we can learn how to be more slow and sustainable ourselves because we need to. we are destroying this planet at an alarming rate, and part of tat is because of our addiction to speed and convenience. so if we took a few carefully, slowly digestive leaves as of the sloth's book you might save this beautiful planet and all of the amazing creatures that live on it. [ ticking ]

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the last minute of "60 minutes" is sponsored by united healthcare. there for what matters. now an update on a story we first reported in april. bill whitaker spoke with january 6th rioter ray epps. epps and his wife are in hiding after the former marine and oathkeeper became a target of tv conspiracy theorists, offering no evidence, they painted epps as an fbi informant inciting the crowd. >> did anyone from the federal government direct you to be here at the peace circle at this time? >> no. >> no one from the fbi? >> no. >> your old comrades with the oathkeepers? >> no. >> conspiracists called it suspicious that epps was in

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