>> egypt arrests hundreds of anti-government protesters, but thousands are still calling publicly for an end to the president's 30-year rule. two days after the moscow airport bomb killed 35, the russian president calls for global action against terrorism. in afghanistan, and execution by stoning as people resort to taliban justice. we have a special report. welcome to "bbc world news," broadcast to our viewers on pbs in america, also run the globe. coming up later, we take you inside a country that does not officially exist. we visit some moly-land, part of somalia, which is actually prosperous. and what became of the dog found floating on an ice floe. -- we visit somaliland, part of

somalia which is actually prosperous. hello. egypt has seen a second day of anti-government protests, even though demonstrations are banned and hundreds have been arrested. a woman and a policeman are reported dead, although according to the authorities, they died in a car crash unrelated to the unrest. in the arab world's most populous country, people are on the streets in large numbers, demanding an end to the 30-year rule of the president. crowds said a government building on fire. >> the second day of violent confrontation, but today, the police are more ruthless. as protesters tried to gather, the police fired tear gas, apparently without hesitation. many demonstrators were manhandled or wrestled.

earlier today, the government announced that all protests were illegal. the police left little doubt about the top line to be taken. [inaudible] where are the arab people? where are the egyptian people? they chanted. it is all putting growing pressure on the egyptian government, both from its own people and from its international allies. >> we urge the egyptian authorities not to prevent peaceful protests or block communications, including on social media sites. we believe strongly that the egyptian government has an important opportunity at this moment in time to implement political, economic, and social reforms to respond to the legitimate needs and interests of the egyptian people. >> tonight, the protests are

continuing. beyond cracking heads, the government does not seem to have a response. >> there is little doubt the protests in egypt have been spurred on by the successful uprising in tunisia, which forced the president to flee the country. grievances have been simmering in egypt for much longer than the past few weeks, and unrest has been crushed before. mike looks at the turbulence underlying the president's 30 years. >> as in indonesia, the call for demonstrating cairo went out on facebook and twitter, from the initial call on this page, which apparently has 30,000 people signed up to it. these tools of communication relayed instruction and news of what was happening. but there were signs that it was coming. this demonstration in cairo in december followed claims of a fraudulent parliamentary election.

>> this is only the beginning of something. >> turn the clock back six months, and in alexandria, people took to the streets to protest against an alleged case of police brutality. there are many pressure points in this country of around 80 million people. more than half the population are below 30 years old, and more significantly, around 90% of the unemployed are under the same age. along said the demand for jobs, there is widespread poverty, and egypt is among the nations that have been hit by rising food prices, and this year, we will see presidential elections. the 82-year-old president took office in 1981, and it is not clear whether he took -- with plans to take office again, but his son is widely believed to be his choice of successor. protests are continuing into a second evening, the challenge

against the president and government strengthening, a challenge against the government playing out. >> that story obviously developing. we will keep you posted. two days after the moscow airport bombing that left 35 dead, the russian president has called for global action to combat terrorism. medvedev told the world economic forum in switzerland today that success depended on solidarity and concerted effort by all governments. >> delayed, russian president medvedev arrived at the summit in doubt those laid -- in davos late. before his speech, the delegates observed in that silence as a mark of respect to those killed and injured. the attack inevitably dominated his opening remarks. tragedy had shaken russian

society and provoked indignation throughout the civilized world, he said, but he noted it had not stopped him from coming to that post -- davos. >> they expected and hoped that the president of russia would not come here to attend the forum, among other things, of course. this is the criteria used to choose the time and place for committing that act of terrorism, but they miscalculated. russia is aware of its place in the world. russia is aware of its responsibilities to its citizens and will comply with them, and its responsibility to the world community. >> "terrorism," said mr. medvedev, "negates the value of human life."

he insisted success would depend upon solidarity and concerted action, especially given the independence prompted by globalization. it is these globalizing pressures that have run president medvedev to davos, aiming to promote business opportunities in russia and to attract new investment. russia has ambitious plans to create its own silicon valley to promote tourism, new industries that add to its fast expanding energy sector. for this, the country needs a positive image. seems like the act at the airport raised the specter of a different russia, when mr. medvedev wants to relegate to the past. >> the way has now been cleared for the russian and u.s. to implement their first nuclear arms reduction treaty. the upper house of russia's parliament has ratified the new start treaty. should now come within weeks.

it is seen as key to improving ties between russia and the u.s.. police in northern ireland are saying a bomb left outside a shop in north belfast was intended to murder officers brought to the scene. about 100 houses and businesses were evacuated. the tunisian government issued an international arrest warrant for the country's former president. he and some of his family, including his wife, are accused of acquiring property and assets illegally and transferring funds abroad. they fled the street demonstrations earlier this month and took refuge in saudi arabia. an explosion at a coal mine in colombia has killed at least 20 workers. the blast was in the north of the country. another blast, the same mind four years ago, killed 32. the local mayor said rockfalls have been preventing rescue workers from getting into the

mind. jerry mcdermott has this report. and that a buildup of gases being blamed for the explosion. the small mine, which feeds domestic consumption, is rudimentary with only basic safety measures in place. despite a similar accident in february 2007, which cost the lives of 31, a few precautions are taken. emergency services, including army, are at the site, hoping to find more survivors and taking the wounded to the hospitals. friends and relatives watched from the entrance for signs that their loved ones will be bowled out alive. >> we hope they will come out alive, but there are four enemies in their -- methane gas, dust, the collapsing rock face, and explosion. we are really worried about that. >> the government is seeking to build up the mining sector in columbia college brings in billions of dollars, not only to get better safety measures put in place, but to ensure that the

illegal armies of marxist rebels and paramilitaries do not profit from them. >> thousands of hamas supporters in gaza have been protesting in response to leak documents. they burned effigies of the palestinian president and his aides in the rival leadership in the west bank. police favors appeared to show close cooperation between the palestinian leader, israel, and the u.s.. again, how mosque in gaza and far-reaching concessions. if your people have been killed by a car bomb in a cafe in the southern russian republic. six customers were wounded when the bomb went off. state security in the north caucasus has frequently been targeted by islamist militants. here in britain, there is widespread criticism of the massive cuts just announced to bbc world service radio.

650 jobs will go. that means one post in every four. so, too, will buy non-english language services, three in the balkans. opposition politicians say it will undermine britain's international reputation and influence. the ec says it is responding to cuts in government funding. >> it started as the bbc empire service. for more than 80 years, it has helped burnish britain's image abroad. now, it is facing the biggest cuts in its history. >> it is a sad day for some audiences in the world service and to those people who are leaving their jobs, but the world service is such a strong, important thing for britain and our audience that we are determined to make sure that it is supported. >> today's world service broadcasts in 32 languages, including english. but a big reduction in for an office grants is forcing big changes. the cuts include the closure of

five language services completely, including those in serbian and albanian. a further seven including russian will land radiobroadcasting to move entirely online, and the bbc claims 30 million listeners will be lost thanks to those changes and the closure of shortwave transmitters carrying signals like in the and swahili. bbc unions said the cuts would do great harm. >> because they are proposing will do enormous damage for the scale of the bbc services, the reputation of the bbc world service, and its ability to be able to cover global news stories adequately. >> every hour of the day, the voice of london goes around the world. >> the world service built its reputation during the cold war as a reliable source of world news value by listeners in scores of country, but the decline of real listening and the rise of tv and the internet means some change was inevitable. >> the question is not whether is correct to switch from crackly old short wave to the internet and on occasion

television. i think that is fine. but whether the total amount of cuts being asked of the world service really make sense in terms of the value that can give for britain's international reputation. >> the bbc would rather make changes gradually, not under intense pressure to make short- term cuts. >> stay with us if you can. still to come for you, saved from a freezing plate -- what became of this dog found floating on an ice floe. first, though, if you are worried about your energy bills, you may think of insulating your home, but where to start? scientists in northern england have tried to answer that by building an entire functioning house inside a lab. >> britain's leaky homes, millions of them, built win insulation men wearing a coat indoors. a quarter of the uk's greenhouse

gas emissions come from eating and running homes. still, they are a challenge for running government. from the viewpoint of households, homes are burning money, but how best to save energy? at this university, they want to know, and inside a laboratory, they built an entire house to find out. this totally realistic home will soon have full-time attendance and every flick of the switch will be monitored. outside, the researchers are also planning to test different sorts of insulation. >> we can take out a window, but in a different window. we can but on different kinds of insulating materials and find out how they perform against different climatic conditions. >> leaky homes are problem for the people that live in them, but also for the government who is trying to hit pollution targets. this is thought to be the first experiment of its kind where they are monitoring the house under all different conditions,

even rain. critics say we do not require an experimental house to know that millions of homes need urgent basic draft proofing and installations. researchers say they want to find out precise details like how much more heat to brick walls lose when they are what? they will tend to the answers in three years. >> update you on the headlines this hour. police in egypt have clashed for a second day with anti- government protesters defying a ban on demonstrations. a policeman and a protester are reported killed, though authorities say they are unrelated to the unrest. russia's president has called for global action to fight terrorism. in afghanistan, after weeks of

controversy, the president has finally opened a new session of parliament. one of the most urgent challenge is to establish the rule of law in a country where many people, frustrated by corrupt officials, still turn to the television for justice. amnesty international has drawn attention to the first concern public execution by stoning since the taliban was overthrown nearly a decade ago. the victims -- a couple accused of adultery. frankly, we figured most of the video is too graphic to broadcast. there are still some images that might upset you in the report. >> on a summer's day in northern afghanistan, this 25-year-old weeks to die. this village is under taliban rule. she left with a married man and has been found guilty of adultery. the charges are read. in the name of the taliban, the judgment is passed.

the sentence is death. these men will cast the stones. incredibly, she survives the hundreds of rocks thrown, but then this. we can only show a fraction of the video. an afghan human rights campaigner watched it all. >> when i was watching this, it not only reminded me of those things that can happen in a part of the country, but it created a feeling of fear, a feeling of further hatred of this group, a feeling of fear. what if they returned back?

>> after the stunning, the man was brought in. the couple will lure home under the false promise that they would not be harmed. even at the end, they refused to renounce their love. the attack on him was even more pernicious. it is nearly six months since the stoning took place, and no one has been charged. afghan authorities have now seen. the village where it took place is now in taliban hands, but they hope it did the government says it hopes to regain control soon. the killers, that promise, will

be brought to justice. >> by telephone and through a translator, i contacted a taliban spokesman. >> many people in afghanistan have been horrified. it was brutal, inhumane, and unconstitutional. how would you respond to people in afghanistan? afghans who have been disgusted by the sentencing. >> anyone who knows about islam knows that stoning is islamic law. there are people who call it in human, but in doing so, they insult the profit -- prophet. >> a judge passed sentence. this is a rare glimpse inside a taliban court. here, they're extreme view of islam and the crown is unquestioned and in demand -- their extreme view of islam and

the koran. what is the constitution, he asks, compared to the word of god? the court hears cases, many of the mundane, all day long. this man says bribery and corruption are everywhere in the government's courts. even not have money, then nothing is done, so we come here for the taliban, and we get immediate justice. convincing afghans otherwise will be crucial to winning the war. >> communities have been terrorized, and it is absolutely critical that the afghan government compete head-on with the television in this area, in the area of rule of law. >> for sadiqa, the whole where she stood is now her grave. every stone that was thrown here is a blow to the government that must restore the trust of its people. the lovers lie dead, the task

complete, the killers to part. -- the part -- depart. >> away from the violence of mogadishu, there's a part of somalia which is prosperous, somaliland. the bbc has been given a rare access. we have the report now from the capital. >> i've flown into a country that does not officially exist. somaliland has a flag, a functioning government, its own police force, and a central bank with its own currency, but no recognition on the world stage. mid-morning, and it is already hot, crowded, busy, and noisy at this money transfer center, one of many around the city. >> today, 400 people are getting

money from all over the world. [inaudible] to live on, whether it is for school or university or to live on. >> somalia has now become a byword for violence and instability. that violence was triggered by somalia's former military strongman. towards the end of his 20 years in power, he sends fighter jets to bomb his opponents into submission. >> freedom square, and this is the monument reminding the people here of the bitter battle they fought to break away from the rest of somalia in 1991. now there is no turning back as somaliland's president told me on a recent tour of the western capital. >> somaliland is a different

country. it has become independent. has factions of government and does not want to be sucked back. we want to be stable and we want to be independent, but that does not mean that we would not like to see peace and stability. >> but somaliland is not immune from the militant brand of islam as an that afflicts other parts of somalia. in 2008, suicide car bombers killed dozens. >> we are working with the international community to guard against this. >> somaliland plays an important role in the fight against global terror and piracy, but it has yet to win the recognition it craves. 20 years on and the people here as in the rest of somalia still wait for a better and brighter future.

>> as the traditional english saying goes, every dog has its day. for one dog in particular, that they came when he was trapped on an ice floe out at sea. that must have looked like the end, but it seems his dramatic rescue last year has not put him off a life on the ocean wave. >> standing guard on the prowl. this is baltic, the proud polish ship's dog. contrast this have the image with that of him a year ago, shivering and terrified, as an ice floe swept him for at to see, it's survival touch and go, and his eventual rescue made more difficult because it kept falling into the freezing water. one year on, his situation could not be more different. now, baltic blacks for nothing. from his favorite sausages the chef likes to cook for him, to the creature comforts of his

master -- baltic lacks for nothing. life on the ocean wave is no soft options. >> if the ship is sailing, he always comes to the stern and sits there. he also likes sitting on the captain's rich. we have made him our observer because he always checks what is happening outside. >> for the ship's captain, having baltic on board presents few problems. >> generally, he does not interrupt anybody. he is a very peaceful dog. he does not disturb anyone. there is no problem with him. >> after his rescue, many people came forward to adopt baltic, but he rejected all of them, preferring to stay with his maritime mates and proving he really has become an old sea dog. >> i did not think there are any more comes left comesany more --

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