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>> this is bbc world news america, reporting from washington. mayhem on the pitch. egyptian football fans turned deadly. more than 70 people are killed in violent clashes. pakistan's intelligence service is directly aiding the taliban. that is the charge in a secret nato report that is sparking diplomatic 3. -- diplomatic fury. how much is a friend worth? facebook is trying to find out whether its success with users can be repeated in the market. welcome to our viewers on pbs in america, and around the globe. over the past year, egypt has been no stranger to violence.

today, it erupted on a massive and deadly scale at a football match. following a game, fans of rival teams rushed the field, hurling objects. the number known to have died stands at more than 70. many more have been injured. we have the details. >> this is the aftermath of what was a football match. it should have been a celebration after the home team reported a rare victory over another club. but the joy of the three-one win appears to have disappeared. fans in vivid depiction, attacking the players and supporters of the other team. there is a notoriously bitter rivalry, but rarely has it escalated so badly. dozens of people are reported to have died. many more have been injured, some of them flown to hospital in military helicopters. egypt's deputy health minister

has called the event the biggest disaster in egypt if soccer history. it is possible the death, a -- the death toll is so high because the police force has been so visible. the was a game played in the egyptian premier game at the same time. when news of the clash reached the stadium, the referees suspended the game. supporters there also started to cause trouble. a riot began in the stadium. it is a sobering turn of events. football is of huge importance to many people. the future had been starting to look brighter after recent landmark elections. bbc news. >> we would get the latest on this later in the program. the pakistani government has responded furiously to a secret nato report which alleges the country is directly supporting the telegram in afghanistan.

the speculation is not new. pakistan's foreign minister called the charges of old wine in an even older bottle. however, the caliban is confident they will regain strength. >> us pakistan's foreign minister was greeted in the depths of the cobble winter for parks, news came which threatened to put relationships into a deeper freeze than ever. a bleak u.s. analysis of the taliban, based on thousands of interrogations of prisoners, laid bare the charges still facing afghanistan and nato-led forces. despite government denials, the taliban is still actively supported by pakistan's intelligence service, according to this report, which concludes the government of pakistan remains intimately involved with

the taliban. the isi is aware of the locations of all caliban personnel, who meet regularly to advise on strategy. pakistan's foreign minister called it a strategic leak, and said there was nothing new in. >> i do not think these clans are new. they have been made for many years. we had a common agenda many years back. that does not seem to be leaving us. >> but these claims were not from many years back. they are from recent interrogations of taliban prisoners and talk of routine support from pakistan. international forces also said there was nothing new. >> this is a culmination of interrogations' and investigations.

we cannot put that high a value on what papers saying. -- what they are saying. it has to do with how they believe the campaign is going. >> there are harsh lessons for the afghan government, whose corruption is seen as a spur to taliban recruitment. it says afghan forces have given ground rather than fighting. weapons given by nato to afghan forces have been sold and given away. they find their way in taliban hands via arms deals in pakistan. >> more on the possible fallout from this report. this is a senior fellow at the center for american progress. thank you for coming in. these allegations have been around for a long time. is having them in this secret leaked report making a difference? >> i do not think so.

this war has been going on for 10 years. at least for the past five, we have heard about pakistani support for the taliban. there are reports that indicate afghan security forces, who are supposedly partners of the united states and nato, are working with elements of the television, and some of the weapons we are providing are showing up in pakistan and other places. it demonstrates a real problem that cuts against the grain of the happy talk and sugarcoating we hear about the afghan war. >> leon panetta, the defense secretary, says that u.s. forces will be out of their combat role next year. if there is more chaos after those forces pull back, what happens to pakistan and the border with afghanistan? >> a lot of what we have seen in terms of instability will rise. a lot of problems we had before 9/11 could return. we have a situation now where

over the last two or three years make a forces redeployed from eastern afghanistan to parts of southern afghanistan. there has been an increase in instability in all of those places. my biggest fear is not only do we have an insecure environment in terms of afghanistan, we really do not have a sustainable transition plan the administration will use. it is not clear we have political and economic foundations in afghanistan. >> the long-term scenario is not that al qaeda finds a safe haven in afghanistan or making it in hospitable to them. it is that the instability spills over to pakistan and the rest of the world. >> it could cause a civil war in afghanistan. over the last three decades, long before we went in, it was at war with itself for quite some time.

all of these are not close to being resolved. >> nato reports suggest the insurgents themselves are confident. you have any doubts about that? >> this report is based on 27,000 interviews with insurgents. i think they are trying different things in a certain way. they are spinning in their own way. we need to heavily discount this report and their words in those records. but i think the point they made about the weakness of but the afghan government, and the complicity of some in the afghan government in helping parts of the insurgency, should warn all of us. >> four men have pleaded guilty to planting the bombs in the london stock exchange. the man, british nationals of bangladeshi and pakistan the origin, were arrested in december of 2010 before the could execute their plans. the had been under surveillance for weeks. the court has heard how they

planned to terrorize people and damage the economy. more than 7000 people have died as a result of gold mining in northern nigeria. lead poisoning has contaminated another 4000 children because of widespread bad practices. russian opposition activists have erected a giant banner on the building facing the kremlin. according to prime minister vladimir putin, his face is crossed out with the words "putin, go away." two people have been killed in the capital of senegal during a demonstration against the president his bid for reelection. -- the president's bid for reelection. the constitutional court ruled the president could stand for a third term. >> street protests in cynical are growing violent.

west africa's most stable democracy is suddenly on edge. this is in the capital, dakar. protesters' demand the president stepped down after serving a maximum two terms in office. the 85-year-old is using a constitutional loophole to run for a third term. his critics are calling it a constitutional coup. >> everybody knows he does not have the right to a third term, not because the council delegates it. we are even more determined to see the law is respected in our country. the law is the constitution. >> the demonstrations have been fuelled by high unemployment and science of growing authoritarianism. -- signs of growing authoritarianism.

his opponent had his eyes on the presidency, but was disqualified from running by five constitutional judges. for now, the protests are relatively small, but it is not clear how much momentum they will game. the united states and united nations sound were read. some are talking of the sub- saharan version of the arab spring. bbc news, south africa. now to one of the most highly anticipated public offerings in history. facebook has changed the way the world communicates. eight years later, it boasts close to a billion members. why do we love to post our photos and play scrabble? and what is the site really worth? we may soon find out. >> what is worth the same as mcdonald's, more than disney, and about twice as much as nike? the answer could be facebook,

preparing to sell shares at what could be an extraordinary price. the company story, as told on its founders facebook page, begins at university in 2004, a site where students meet. by 2006, it was throwing its stores open to anyone over the age of 13. now, it has grown into one of the world's most valuable businesses. how can a free service be worth so much? the answer is advertising. what the company is selling is information its users hold over. >> their interests, what kind of music they like, what kind of tv programs they watch. this is all information they put on the facebook page. we are able to use that to make the advertising more relevant to them. >> after just eight years, facebook has already got 800 million members worldwide, with 30 million in the u.k., half the

population. as a private business, it does not reveal figures, but is rumored to have earned 50.4 billion pounds last year. there is talk of the company being worth $100 billion, over 60 billion pounds. it feels a bit like the year 2000, when investors rushed to buy shares in firms like last- minute at an improbable price. one of that firm's founders said there will be more pressure on mark zuckerberg. >> you have to be more accountable, more transparent. you have to make sure the share price stays robust. >> keeping shareholders happy will not be the only challenge for mark zuckerberg. facebook users are facing more advertising and staying friends

with them has become a lot harder. >> how significant is facebook's big move? i am joined by a media reporter for "the new york times." let us pick up with this idea of advertisements on facebook. the have to tread a fine line. a lot of users are not going to like that. >> this type of advertising is a whole new universe that is just beginning to be figured out. one of the reasons the facebook ipo is so interesting to so many people is that this is a universe that is not entirely clear yet. the value is not entirely clear. advertising is the key. facebook has so much personal data. every time you like something on facebook or post a picture or comment on a friend's wall, you're giving facebook more data for their advertising. the have only begun to figure out how well they can target that. >> is this what everybody is so

excited about the public offerings? we have not been able to answer that question. you may have a billion users. you could be the hottest commodity around. how much are you actually worth? >> exactly. facebook is the biggest of the web sites out there. everybody in the internet world wants to have that many users. all the sites like twitter that are smaller, that are trying to get that scale, are watching the ipo to figure out how much this is worth. it is a media and a technology story. when you are on facebook, you may not be watching television, reading a book, or watching a movie. facebook is becoming a remarkable -- it -- people spend a remarkable amount of time on facebook. that will only grow as more users sign up. >> what will users do if the facebook they have grown to know and love does not look like what they want to use any more? where else would they go?

do you think facebook is too smart? >> their our competitors in the space. google is making a play. right now, there is nobody showing evidence of pulling away. every time facebook makes a move that alienate some of its users, they pull back a little bit. facebook has the remarkable hold on the public. >> describe what facebook will look like if this is a successful launch. >> i do not think users will see anything different right away. over time, users will continue to see more emphasis on facebook as the business. i do not think people like my mom, who uses facebook every day, realize it is a business. it is not just for us to play on an right to our friends on.

over time, it will make people see in more advertising encroach on the website. >> we will be watching the public offering. great to have you on the show. >> still to come, the mona lisa, the face that makes us swooned. how unique is the masterpiece? it turns out the enigmatic portrait has a twin. here in the northeastern united states, the temperatures today seem more like spring and winter. in eastern and central europe, it is a very different story. daniel sales reports on the cold snap that has taken home. "but the icy weather spreading across europe has reached as far south as bologna in italy. some say this week will be the coldest the country has seen in

nearly 30 years. hear, the snowy weather is a nuisance. in ukraine, almost 2000 heeded shelters have been built to keep the homeless warm. so far, 43 people have died from the cold in just a few days. 28 were found dead on the streets. hospitals have seen a surge in frostbite injuries. almost half a million schoolchildren have been sent home. people are being urged to stay indoors. a big area of high pressure across north as -- across the north of russia has been pushing down to parts of europe. temperatures have gone to -36 celsius in russia. the pressure is 20 millibars short of the overtime pressure record. poland has seen 20 deaths in the last five days. the forecast is for temperatures to fall even further.

even here in traditionally- freezing moscow, it is colder than usual. last night, it fell to -23 degrees centigrade. the warmest it is expected to be today is -19. in serbia, people have frozen to death in their homes. the weather is only expected to get worse. there will be a battle in the days ahead to keep eastern europe's infrastructure going, and to keep people alive. bbc news, moscow. >> returning now to our top story, the violence which has erupted at a football match in egypt and left more than 70 people dead. i am joined with the latest from london but a columnist with "the evening standard." you have followed sports for a long time. we know soccer fans in egypt can turn violent. this is on a totally different

scale. >> it is not just soccer fans in egypt. let us face it. there is violence around the world in soccer. normally, you have soccer violence before the match. this was after the match. the question has to be asked. given that the team which was not expected to win one against its bitter rival -- had been made preparations? the question then arises -- what did the egyptian authorities do? i come reading reports out of egypt that people went in with knives and so on. what did they do to make sure this game would be saved? what we saw on television and in pictures is fans running across to impress on their rivals they had won the match. what the authorities do to make sure that did not happen -- what

did authorities do to make sure that did not happen, and to prevent this collapse? in the past, football has been used as a political metaphor. we have seen that in serbia and other places. this would not be the first place. >> when you look at the pictures we have been looking at of fans pouring onto the pitch, but are astonishing. as somebody who watches soccer matches and has since soccer violence before, what do you read into this? i see what looks like an absence of riot police and official control. >> what happens after a football match is that security make sure the players are protected and the fans go home. this is something you are educated to do. you are made to observe this. here, there does not seem to have been such a thing.

there does not seem to have been any control. the question then arises, given the situation in egypt, the background of what has happened in egypt -- was this premeditated? was this plan? we do not know. we need to have a lot more answers. soccer violence in the past, the terrible deaths that have happened to have been before the match. the crowds have pressed on. this was after the match. >> as you suggested there, this is a country that is a tinderbox at the moment. you might have expected there would be security at an event like this. >> looking at the pictures, i cannot see any security. i cannot see people coming in and saying, "hang on. you cannot come on to the picture puzzle -- to the pitch."

until the players have gone off, you do not come onto the pitch to celebrate as a fan. in this case, it was not a celebration. it was violence. >> a sports columnist joining me from london. thank you very much. those pictures are quite astonishing, coming out of that terrible disaster in egypt. from that to something very different -- melissa. -- mona lisa. this conjures images of leonardo da vinci. could there be an even more vivid portrait? that is what the product museum in spain is now saying. it could transform our understanding of the world's most famous painting. >> the most famous face in art. leonardo da vinci's mona lisa. she has always been a bit of an enigma, but perhaps less so today. here is another version of her, painted at the same time in the

same studio by one of leonardo's pupils. she was discovered by a team at the prado museum./ beneath the background paint is an image remarkably similar to the division cheapies. they decided to share their findings. >> the response to the picture at the national gallery has been remarkable. it is where the new melissa was first revealed. -- the new mona lisa was first revealed. it is agreed by curators that the painting does date back to florence in the early 15th century. and it is of lisa, the mona lisa. that provide a fresh perspective for art historians. andc -- you see lisa's eye enigmatic smile. it makes her look much younger.

in the original, the painting was covered with varnish, which gives her an age appearance. here, we see her as she really was, a beautiful young woman in her early 20's. >> nobody is claiming this version is by leonardo da vinci. what is exciting experts is that by studying the work of his pupil, the have been given a new insight into leonardo's techniques, as well as getting another idea of the subject's personality. >> the lovely lisa, looking beautiful. that brings the show to a close. you can keep updated on our website at any time. you can also reach me on twitter. thank you so much for watching. i will see you back here tomorrow.

>> make sense of international news at bbc.com/news. >> funding was made possible by -- the freeman foundation of new york, stowe, vermont, and honolulu newman's own foundation and union bank. >> at union bank, our relationship managers work hard to understand the industry you operate in, working to nurture new ventures and provide capital for key strategic decisions. we offer expertise and tailored solutions in a wide range of industries. what can we do for you?

>> "bbc world news" was presented by kcet los angeles.