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--te o se all ass k an s ir nojutwsund tes fing t cwa beaar anrare tio haoth f t'smi eatwh w o sng saying that this is our time to have our summit its position on syria was very middle of the road while saudi arabia and qatar only set low-level representatives to the summit and that sort of sent a message that they weren't really willing to engage on that level. they want to take a pump harder line on syria and because they weren't going to do b able to do that in baghdad they didn't send their leaders at all. >> warner: now there are other differences between many arab league members and iraq aren't there? to explain why they wouldn't have sent delegations in >> the fact that iraq's government, it is a coalition

government but it's dominated by shiites and it's not particularly popular with conservative countries like saudi arabia and qatar. nouri al-maliki is not a popular figure. they've got a lot of differences over the years. for years iraq accused these countries of sending terrorists into iraq during the worst years of the violence here during the u.s. occupation those times are over. iraq is trying to mend fences. saudi arabia did actually just appoint an ambassador to iraq for the first time. that ambassador isn't going to be based here in iraq but it's a small step. but diplomats in the region say it's important for iraq to pull itself away from those who had influence on it before particularly the united states, iran and turkey. this is a way to sort of gain more friends in the region. >> warner: this is the first time in more than 20 years iraq hosted an arab league summit. i gather they went to extraordinary lengths to prepare for it. >> absolutely.

the baghdad government spent a half billion dollars to make this summit happen put tens of thousands of security men in the streets. basically put the city on lockdown. there were checkpoints everywhere, most of the city was without phone service for the past two days. they renovated hotels planted flowers and i have to say that the summit did go off without incident almost. today as arab leaders walked into the palace we heard a couple telltale booms. officials later confirms it was a couple of mortar rounds that fell, no casualties. but you know in the bigger picture this is a big deal for baghdad not just to say it's a safer place, a place where people might want to do business but it's trying to reassert itself in the arab world. ever since saddam hussein invaded kuwait in 1990 baghdad was a pariah state and now baghdad officials iraqi officials are saying no that time is over, we're back in the arab world and we're here to stay. >> warner: kelly mcevers of npr,

thanks so much. >> you're welcome. >> woodruff: finally tonight, we remember two american artists, beginning with poet adrienne rich in her own words. rich was one of the most widely- read and influential poets of her time. a leading feminist, known especially for her politically- engaged verse. her best-known volume, "diving into the wreck," won the national book award in 1973. she died tuesday at her home in santa cruz, california. here she is at the dodge poetry festival in 1998 reading her poem, "what kind of times are these." >> there's a place between two stands of trees where the grass grows uphill and the old revolutionary road bleaks off

into shadows near a meeting house abandoned by the persecuted who disappeared into those shadows. i've walked there picking mushrooms at the edge of dread but don't be fooled. this isn't a russian poem, this is not somewhere else but here. our country moving closer to its own truth and dread its own ways of making people disappear. i won't tell you where the place is the dash mesh of the woods meeting the unmarked strip of light. ghost-ridden cross loads leaf-mulled paradise. i know already who wants to buy it sell it make it disappear. and i won't tell you where it is so why do i tell you anything? because you still listen.

because in times like these to have you listen at all it's necessary to talk about trees. >> woodruff: that was poet adrienne rich reading "what kind of times are these." she died tuesday at age 82. >> brown: and we close with another artist, bluegrass musician earl scruggs, who died yesterday in nashville at 88. scruggs helped create a new sound for the banjo and blue glass music. first with bill monroe and then with his long-time partner lester flatt and the foggy mountain boys. theiring so "foggy mountain breakdown" used in the film "bonnie and clyde" won a grammy in 1968. he also performed the theme music to the television show "the beverly hillbillies." he later formed the earl scruggs review, playing and recording with his sons. here's a clip from a scruggs performance in north carolina in 2002.

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> come on picking earl! ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> brown: we're joined now by another grammy winning banjo player bela fleck. thanks so much for joining us. >> my pleasure. thank you for asking me. >> brown: tell us about the earl

scruggs sound. what did he do with the banjo to create something new? >> well he's the guy who really made that leap of using three fingers in a rotating fashion to create this fast rippling sound that had never been heard before. and i can show you. >> brown: please. >> he wears two finger picks and a thumb pick and by alternating them he can play about as fast as he wants. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ so it's this action. you couldn't move one finger that fast but all three it's pretty easy and it's kind of an incredible leap. >> brown: tell us a little bit more about the history of his playing and really changing the sound of bluegrass music. >> well he really exploded on the scene in bill monroe's band in the early '40s and when he joined the band it was an incredible thing. they played the grand ole opry and i think it was like a beatle's type response where

nobody had heard anything like this before and i think his playing propelled bluegrass and bill monroe's music to the level where we're all still talking about it. >> brown: how do you describe that sound? you're the one of the people that picked up on it. what did you first hear when you heard it? >> well i first heard this: (playing "beverly hillbillies" theme) >> brown: i think a lot of people remember that yeah. >> yeah they do. and earl scruggs had this thing that it wasn't just the technique or even the instrument it was him. there was this soulful quality that came through that made you... if you're somebody like me who was i guess supposed to play the banjo it made you stop in your tracks and you couldn't do anything until you got done hearing him play and immediately you have to go try to find a

banjo. i've heard of people stoping their cars having car wrecks all kinds of things. but most of the banjo players had that moment when they heard earl scruggs. for me it transcends the technique. it's the musician in him and his musical personality. such great technique. very, very createive. >> brown: and you see that influence today still? >> the influence absolutely. if it wasn't for earl scruggs guys like me wouldn't be doing what we're doing. i mean he's changed so many people's lives. i was thinking about people that live in nashville like myself. there's no reason a guy from new york would end up down there if it weren't for the sound of earl scruggs' banjo change mig life and it's happened so-to-so many people i know. it's made people richer from hearing him and we're very lucky to have him in the world. >> brown: you got to play with him. what was the like? what was he like? >> he was really cool because he was very quiet and he wouldn't

say much but then he would come out with a quip that was like so perfect and brilliant. very smart and over the last few years i got to know him a lot better. he was home a lot more and we live about a mile apart in nashville, tennessee. in fact i shouldn't be talking about me but he came to see my concerto performance in nashville with a symphony in september and i was thrilled that he would do that. but also on occasion i could go to his place and we'd sit around and play or talk and it was just very sweet and i feel fortunate to have had that time with him. >> brown: can you take us out with about 30 seconds more of earl scruggs music? >> sure. the time when he came up there was a lot of swing and jazz going on in the world too and it affected him so i'll play a little of that that you might not expect from earl scruggs. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> brown: bela fleck on the music and life of earl scruggs. thanks so much. >> thank you.

>> woodruff: again, the major developments of the day: the focus of the health care reform debate shifted back to presidential politics, after three days of arguments at the supreme court. the centers for disease control reported the number of children with autism is continuing to climb. and the u.s. house approved a republican-crafted budget totaling $3.5 trillion. it's expected to go nowhere in the democratic-controlled senate. it's science thursday online. hari sreenivasan explains what's there. hari? >> sreenivasan: we profile a non-profit that helps engineers and construction workers build earthquake-resistant homes after a major disaster. that plus a slideshow is on our science page. on our health page, we have a webcast from our partners at kaiser health news about this weeks supreme court hearings on the health care reform law. also, join us for a live chat about learning differences on friday afternoon. find details on our homepage. all that and more is on our web site: newshour.pbs.org. jeff?

>> brown: and that's the "newshour" for tonight. i'm jeffrey brown. >> brown: and i'm judy woodruff. we'll see you online and again here tomorrow evening with mark shields and david brooks, among others. thank you and good night. major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: ♪ ♪ ♪ moving our economy for 160 years. bnsf, the engine that connects us. >> and by the bill and melinda gates foundation. dedicated to the idea that all people deserve the chance to live a healthy productive life.

and with the ongoing support of these institutions and foundations. and... this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by macneil/lehrer productions captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org