captioning sponsored by macneil/lehrer productions >> ifill: the president and secretary of state offered tentative hope today that diplomacy might yet ease the unrest in ukraine. as negotiators edged toward disarming pro-russian separatists and granting eastern regions more autonomy. good evening, i'm gwen ifill. >> woodruff: and i'm judy woodruff. also ahead tonight. the discovery of a planet that seems to be a lot like earth, close to the same size, and just far enough from a star to support life. >> ifill: plus, paul solman returns to the seattle suburb that voted for a $15 an hour minimum wage. and finds a legal battle over where most of those residents work has blunted its effect.

>> just outside the airport, some 1600 workers did get their raises. but for the 5,000 or so workers on airport property, the court decision now being appealed was a body blow. >> ifill: those are just some of the stories we're covering on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> i've been around long enough to recognize the people who are out there owning it. the ones getting involved, staying engaged. they are not afraid to question the path they're on. because the one question they never want to ask is, "how did i end up here?" i started schwab with those people. people who want to take ownership of their investments, like they do in every other aspect of their lives.

>> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, technology, and improved economic performance and financial literacy in the 21st century. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and foundations. and... >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: search and rescue crews spent a second day working to find more than 270 people missing in a ferry disaster off the coast of south korea. at least 25 deaths have been confirmed since the vessel went down yesterday. we have a report narrated by lucy watson of independent television news, in beijing.

>> they urge for a response. banging the hull of this stricken vessel, hoping to hear survivors because this is still a rescue operation. remarkably, 24 hours earlier, as passengers phoned for help, there was an uneasy calm. they were unaware of how fast they were sinking. an announcement told them to stay where they were, because it was less dangerous. but it's come to this. collective anguish as yet another body is brought in. and this man, who cowers from the cameras, was the captain, responsible for those onboard, who could face a criminal investigation. he says he's sorry, he's ashamed, but he was one of the first to abandon his ship.

so this boat took many families to see it for themselves. to be close to where their children could be. alive, trapped inside air pockets. such frustration, as an operation hampered today by rough seas. even a watching president didn't need the enormity of this disaster pointing out, but it was too much for some. this was a relative who collapsed and was taken to hospital, and where this young girl is. she is six years old and remembers her ordeal. filmed here being rescued without her parents and without her brother. so efforts must be made for the hundreds still missing. no matter how desperate it appears.

>> woodruff: three sea-going cranes are expected to arrive in the next two days to help salvage the sunken ferry. there were new concerns today about the fate of 115 nigerian schoolgirls abducted by islamic militants. the students were kidnapped tuesday from a boarding school in borno state, in the northeastern part of the country. today, the school principal denied the nigerian military's claims that most of the girls had been freed. she said only 14 have returned. the underwater search for malaysian airlines flight 370 has narrowed. authorities in australia said today they've refined the target area after analyzing four pings heard ten days ago. it was unclear how much longer e search will last, especially on the indian ocean's surface, where nothing's been found. malaysia's defense minister spoke in kuala lumpur. >> the intensive search in the

area that which is most likely to be where we can find possible traces of the airplane or the black box, if at all, will be over the next few days. all efforts and focus is being focused in that direction. >> woodruff: meanwhile, a u.s. navy deep sea drone turned up nothing in its first full scan of the indian ocean floor. and, officials ruled out the possibility that an oil slick in the area came from the plane. iran has now neutralized almost three quarters of its most sensitive nuclear stockpile. the united nations' atomic agency reported today that much of tehran's 20% enriched uranium has been converted to less potent forms. at the 20% level, it's close to becoming fuel for nuclear weapons. the u.s. responded to the report by releasing another $450

million in frozen iranian assets. president obama touted new numbers today on health care enrollments. he announced that at least eight million people have now signed up through insurance exchanges. about 35% are under the age of 35, which is key to making the law work. younger, healthier people pay in more than they use in medical insurance. the president said the upshot is the repeal debate should be over. >> this thing is working. i've said before, this law won't solve all the problems in our healthcare system, we know we have more work to do, but we now know for a fact that repealing the affordable care act will increase the deficit, raise premiums for millions of americans and take insurance away from millions more. >> woodruff: health care law officials have not yet released figures on how many of the eight million enrollees had been uninsured. new data from the u.s. justice

department shows the number of deportations of unlawful "the new york times" reported court-ordered deportations have dropped 43% since 2009. the congressional budget office today disputed white house claims about the size of deficits and tax hikes under president obama's proposed budget. the non-partisan agency estimated red ink of $6.6 trillion over ten years instead of $5 trillion as the budget forecasts. the c.b.o also said tax hikes will total $1.4 trillion significantly more than official estimates. wall street closed out a short work week on a quiet note. the dow jones industrial average lost 16 points to close at 16,408.

the nasdaq rose nine points to close at 4095. and the s&p 500 added two, to finish near 1865. the nobel-winning author gabriel garcia marquez died today at his home in mexico city. he'd been ill for some time. starting in 1947, and gained world renown for a style known as magical realism. his novels included "one hundred years of solitude" and "love in the time of cholera", among many others. gabriel garcia marquez was 87 years old. on a happier note, chelsea clinton is expecting her first child. the daughter of former president bill clinton and former secretary of state hillary clinton is 34. still to come on the newshour. the tentative deal to calm the unrest in ukraine.

the ongoing negotiations over detroit's bankruptcy. a return to the seattle suburb that voted for a $15 an hour minimum wage. a new planet that seems to be a lot like earth. plus, white house homeland security adviser lisa monaco, on combating extremism within our borders. >> ifill: glimmers of hope surfaced in geneva today as the u.s., russia, ukraine and the european union agreed to call for an immediate halt to violence in the country. the announcement followed one of the bloodiest nights since the new government took control in kiev. three people were killed and more than a dozen were injured at a military base in mariupol. lindsey hilsum from independent television news was there today and filed this report. >> bullet casings and a bloodied bandage, evidence of last night's clash between ukrainian soldiers guarding this base and masked intruders.

>> we can only guess who they were but their aims were definitely not peaceful. their main goal was to enter the military base and seize our weapons. >> today the police in mariupol were trying to establish exactly what happened. i've been talking to a soldier who was here. he said at first the protestors were peaceful and included women and children, but then armed masked men appeared without uniforms. he said, first of all, they tried to storm this guardhouse. they had molotov cocktails. they came through and went charging up there, but at that point the soldiers repelled them. footage from the incident shows molotov cocktails flying as the men tried to force their way into the base. it's not clear who was shooting. a vehicle caught fire or was maybe set ablaze.

they chanted "berkut, berkut!" the name of the now disbanded paramilitary security police hated in western ukraine but much loved here in the east. a protestor used a megaphone to call on the troops from the national guard to reject the government in kiev, but they refused. three protestors were killed in the fracas and several wounded. including sergey shevchenko, injured by shrapnel. we found him in hospital in mariupol today, he said he and his group had no firearms, they wanted to seize those in the base so the soldiers couldn't fight people like him who want an independent republic in eastern ukraine. >> ( translated ): we took molotov cocktails to the military base because they turned the lights off and we couldn't see anything.

if we were going to take their weapons we needed to light our way. >> reporter: but molotov cocktails are not lights molotov cocktails are for exploding. >> ( translated ): if you want, you can kill a person with a toothpick or a fork. is that a good explanation? >> reporter: police were guarding his hospital room, he said he expected to be arrested when he recovered. anti government protestors remain in control of the municipal headquarters in mariupol. in donetsk tonight, those who support the government in kiev are rallying round their flag, showing that not everyone in the east wants independence or closer links with moscow. the geneva statement says all sides must refrain from violence and intimidation. in the hope that the deaths in mariupol will be the last. >> ifill: hours away, in switzerland, diplomacy returned to center stage. chief foreign affairs correspondent margaret warner has the details.

>> diplomacy requires willing partners. >> warner: the talks in geneva began with low expectations, as secretary of state john kerry met with counterparts from ukraine, russia and the european union. but after seven hours of negotiations, they announced the terms of a deal. >> we agreed today that all illegal armed groups must be disarmed, that all illegally seized buildings must be returned to their legitimate owners and all illegally occupied streets, squares and other public places in ukrainian cities and towns must be vacated. >> ifill: for its part, ukraine's government must make good on plans to grant the eastern regions more autonomy as russia has demanded. european monitors are to oversee compliance. kerry acknowledged it won't be easy. >> all of this we are convinced represents a good day's work, but on the other hand, it's produced commitments,

principles, words on paper. we're first to understand and agree that words will only mean what actions taken as result produce. >> warner: russian foreign minister sergei lavrov used much the same language to describe the deal. >> ( translated ): we approved a document, in which, we agreed on initial concrete steps. all illegal armed groups must be disarmed, all illegally seized buildings returned to their rightful owners. >> warner: but underscoring the difficulty, some pro-russian separatists in donetsk suggested they weren't ready to accept the terms. that's one of ten eastern ukraine cities where militants have seized key government sites. the u.s. and ukraine have

accused russia of fomenting the unrest, and kerry warned the onus is on moscow to make the deal work or face additional sanctions. later, in washington, president obama said military options are not on the table, but he sounded his own note of caution about the agreement. >> my hope is that we actually do see follow through over the next several days, but i don't think given past performance that we can count on that. we have to be prepared to respond to what continues to be efforts of interference by the russians in east and south ukraine. hours earlier, russian president vladimir putin held forth at length on ukraine, in an annual call in show. he sharply criticized the kiev government. >> ( translated ): people in eastern ukraine have started to arm themselves. and instead of realizing that something bad is going on in the ukrainian state and make any

attempts to start a dialogue, the authorities have started to threaten with force even more and unleashed tanks and aviation on civilian population. this is another grave crime of the current kiev authorities. >> maurice: putin again denied that russian forces or even instructors are playing any role in the events in eastern ukraine, but for the first time, he admitted they were involved in crimea before it was annexed. >> ( translated ): i didn't conceal that it was our task to provide conditions for the free expression of the will of crimea's residents. that's why we had to undertake necessary measures so events didn't evolve in the way they are evolving today in the southeast of ukraine. >> warner: the russian leader warned moscow may not recognize upcoming elections in ukraine next month. and he did not rule out intervening in ukraine again. >> ( translated ): i can remind you that russia's federation council granted the president the right to use military force in ukraine. i very much hope that i will not have to use that right and that we will be able solve all

current pressing issues in ukraine by political and diplomatic means. >> warner: putin even took a question from american edward snowden, the national security leaker now living in asylum in russia. he called in to ask if russia conducts and holds data on sweeping surveillance of private communications of the sort he's charged the u.s. does. putin said no. back in kiev, the acting ukrainian prime minister dismissed putin's performance and accused him of telling fairy tales. >> there is only one person in the world who believes that there are no russian troops in the east of ukraine. his name is vladimir putin. >> ifill: earlier this week, the kiev government announced an anti-terrorist operation against the pro-russian separatists in the east. that offensive has bogged down and there were no further military moves today. margaret's here with more. margaret, you have to parse this for you. on one hand john kerry said big new agreement and enter this president sound more cautious and we hear putin saying things that the united states believes

not to be true. >> warner: that's right. >> ifill: do they believe this is the real deal? >> warner: they honestly don't know, gwen. i talked to officials late this afternoon, they say we don't know. the glimmer of hope is about as far as president obama went. there were a couple of things that i think were noteworthy. one, it makes no mention of russia drawing back the 40,000 troops they have amassed on the border. that was one of the things secretary kerry was going in there to talk about, or at least that's what we were told. the conversation i referred to in the taped piece and i followed up further, which is one of heads or armed groups taken over that building he told rueters and me through a translator, well, let's -- if all illegal occupations have to end let's clear independent square in kiev where the original revolution demonstrations took place this winter and protesters still remain trying to keep the new government honest. i when i followed up with a question about well, were you

reassured at least that in this agreement it talks about constitutional reforms or protect the rights of minorities, he said what he want is federalization in the constitution. it's a russian code word for essentially creating a bunch of lump states in eastern ukraine so disconnected from kiev they are easily manipulated by russia. >> ifill: that means russia has the upper hand or at least the leverage in these kinds of negotiations? >> warner: that's an interesting question. clearly on the ground russia has the lever caj. they have the 40,000 -- leverage. they have 40,000 troops and people on the ground. they have the initiative. the united states and the west have as their partner this transitional government in kiev that is back on its heels and struggling on many levels which we've talked about. the administration does believe that the sanctions and threat of sanctions on a broader scale give the u.s. and the west some leverage. you heard probe say that --

president obama say that when he -- he didn't say something brought russia to the table but he said essentially they recognize that their economy which is actual -- i think he said -- stuck in the mud has been hurt by further sanctions and perhaps they are thinking about the fact that further sanctions would damage them more. >> ifill: we hear that the u.s. steps back and takes away troops and russia heres that madon is disarmed. >> warner: certainly how supporters hear it. the president and secretary kerry are putting the onus, as we heard, squarely on the russians, right? >> ifill: right. >> warner: but in the press conference secretary kerry said i made it clear if he want see improvement by the weekend there's more costs but they told russian reporters as far as we're concerned it's up to the ukraine.

>> ifill: who has to enforce this deal assuming it'ses an enforceable deal? weather they talk about a monitor. it's a well meaning but i would say toothless group created after the cold war. they don't have any enforcement. they may be the eyes and ears. i think television cameras are the greater eyes and ears. the question is is there quibbling about language. does ending all occupations mean that first the pro-kiev government protesters have to disband and all that we haven't gotten a fine granular meaning of these meetings and what they were because they were on a plane. that was where -- i don't want to use the cliche that the devil is in the details but really the administration doesn't know. >> ifill: the glitzy call in show weather the annual event. >> ifill: where he took questions from many including edward snowden. what did the u.s. see that gave them reason to hope and what did

they see that worried them? >> warner: i don't think they say much reason to hope. he did that first, almost like laying the groundwork for the talks. they saw the cocky vladmir putin. they tried to make much of the fact that a-ha he admitted russians were behind crimea and they are following the same playbook in ukraine. they were troubled by two things one he started about talking eastern and southern ukraine as a term that goes back 300 years when this whole area west to moldavia and all the way east to the russian border were part of russia. >> ifill: they call that new russia. >> warner: that's what that means. that was the term. he said something about [speaking russian] it was given away in 1920's. why? only god knows. so it sounds to people in the

administration as if he is laying that sort of historical. >> ifill: again. >> warner: race nal once again. >> ifill: marn get warner, thanks always for clearing it up for us. >> warner: my pleasure. >> woodruff: nine months after it became the largest city in the u.s. to declare bankruptcy, detroit is drawing closer to a deal on how to protect current and former city workers from deep pension cuts. until recently, officials had been warning of painfully large pension reductions. the shift was announced yesterday, and today, leaders of the retired police and firefighters group voted in favor of it. pensions for those retirees had faced a pension cut of up to 14%. under the new deal, they would not take a cut. other civilian workers faced a reduction that could have been as high as 34%. that's been scaled back to 4.5%. any action on pensions is being

watched by other cities that confront huge debt. public television is here to fill in the picture. welcome back to the program, christy mcdonald. am i right that there were these dire warnings up until just a day or so ago that pension cuts could be enormous? >> absolutely, judy. that's probably part of the negotiation process. you don't come to the table with the best deal. you have to start the negotiation. the negotiations have been coming fast and if you arous since the city put the first plan of adjustment on the table a month or so ago which is the road map of how detroit is going to get itself out of bankrupt six there's been a lot of -- bankruptcy. there's been a lot of back and forth and also moving parts in different aspects to try to offset the pension cuts. it's something called the grand bargain. it's what we're calling it in the city of detroit. what it is is $815 million that would help protect art at the dia from being liquid dated and

sold to offset pension cuts. some of the money would come from foundations. $350 million of that would also come from the state. >> woodruff: what turned this snarn because there was a serious concern that the retirees were going to take a big hit? what broke the dam? >> when you look at the process no one is going to be happy at the end of a bankruptcy process. you know the bank will take a severe haircut but the most vulnerable are the retirees. the people who worked for the city of detroit and promised a pension and it was protected by the state constitution. the bankruptcy judge said in the beginning this is federal bankruptcy court the pensions are going to be allowed to be touched. everyone knew and was looking at this pension issues and retirees knowing that some sort of special protection would have to come towards them. i think you have people working at the state level. you also have people eyeing the

as sets of the dia because a lot of valuable art works are owned by detroit. that is an asset that could be liquidated. they wanted to protect retirees, some of them making $30,000 a year in that retirement. >> woodruff: what is going to make up the difference here? where is the money come sphrg? >> a couple of places, one the state. $350 million. that has to be approved by the legislature. they are watching this carefully this they are going to approve this or not. they are watching to see if the pension boards will give a little bit in the entire negotiation process. that $350. we're also looking at foundations. several powerful foundations have stepped forward with several hundred million dollars for this process. also the dia has pledged that they will raise $100 million and this is over a span of about 20 years. >> woodruff: as we just reported, the police and fire union have voted to -- in favor

of this. does that mean that the retirees across the board are happy with this? >> it's not a done deal yet. but the boards, the general pension board and police and fire, they've endorsed this deal. they said to the rank and file, okay, i think this probably the best we're going to get. but ever retiree has to vote and that voting process will start in may and go to june. when you get to the endorsement of boards going back and forth in these negotiations that this might be the best deal they are going to get they are listeningg to that. police and fire won't get a cut but the cost of living adjustment it's going to drop from 2% to 1% a year and cost of living for the general retirement fund they are not getting one at all. >> woodruff: just remind us why there's a difference between the cut, the police and fire workers are going to take,

versus all the other city employees? >> you've got two different pension boards. so they manage their money differently. police and fire weren't as aggressive. they were more moderate in the investments. the other pension fund, a little different. they say that one had the shortfall of $4.5 billion. the board disputes that number a little bit and said we think it's closer to $2.5 billion. you are looking at a huge amount of money there. >> woodruff: i just read on the wires a few minutes ago, that the judge overseeing this today said it's essential that the cities elected leaders commit to supporting whatever plan they come up with. >> absolutely. we're going through this bankruptcy process. this is taking care of detroit's financials. but we're looking at what is detroit going to look like coming out of bankruptcy? how is the city going to

function? the person reason -- running this is kevin orr. his term will be up. you will hand the reins back over to a mayor, city council. they are making the financial decisions all over again. they want to make sure that they are on board, they know what is going on and have that plan for coming back out again and endorsing that plan so they can move and make sure that detroit can be a live iting city -- thriving city and a growing city because that's the goal here. >> woodruff: christy mcdonald with detroit public television, thank you very he much. >> ifill: we move now to the pacific northwest and part one of a paul solman series on the debate over raising the minimum wage. tonight, he has the latest on a story he first brought to our attention last fall. >> reporter: a lot was at stake

last november in seatle, washington, home of the seattle- tacoma international airport. as local citizens decided the fate of a proposition to jack up the minimum wage there to $15 an hour. for thousands of workers, the promise of a huge pay hike, 63% if they were making the state minimum of $9.19 an hour. plus, paid sick leave, which promised to be a benefit for the flying public as well. >> every employee that i work with comes to work sick because they have to put food on the table. >> imagine you're flying in the airplane. the worker who clean up the airplane before you fly, he was sick and he's cleaning the airplane, imagine you eating on that table, you know? >> reporter: but higher costs would boomerang against low- income workers, business spokesman maxford nelson insisted. >> the workers who retain their jobs might be better off, but an increased number of other workers lose their jobs entirely.

>> reporter: a bitter, costly campaign ensued, a recount, and in the end the ayes had it by 77 votes. but on decision day, alaska airlines-- the main opponent of the $15 minimum wage proposition-- filed a lawsuit in county court, arguing that a city can't set ordinances for an airport operating within its borders. >> unfortunately, a county judge agreed with alaska airlines and took away the benefits for about 4,700 workers at sea-tac airport. >> reporter: heather weiner is spokesperson for the pro $15 minimum wage side. >> i'm being a little cheeky when i say this, but it's like a mini-bangladesh over there right now. you know, we've got high end products and airfare, and people with high income flying in and out of sea-tac. 30 million people a year. and yet, the people who are moving the bags, pushing the wheelchairs, serving the food, selling the magazines, aren't able to support their families.

it's really a tragedy. >> reporter: just outside the airport, at sea-tac's larger hotels and parking lots some 1,600 workers did get their raises, on january first. but for the 5,000 or so workers on airport property, the court decision-- now being appealed-- was a body blow. >> hearing this, my heart just sunk. i feel that now i can never get ahead. >> reporter: jenay zimmerman, who manages taxis at the airport, still makes $11.90 an hour. baggage handler joshua vina of menzies aviation, which services several airlines here, including alaska, still earns $9.50 an hour. >> it was actually gonna help me pay a lot of things off. it was gonna help me have a lot more things to give to my wife and my son. i'm barely supporting them right now with this. >> reporter: a decade ago, alaska airlines' ramp workers had a union contract paying over $20 an hour, plus benefits, if you'd been there a few years.

but when we were here in november, we saw some current workers on a free food line at church. heather weiner was eager to tell us why. >> in 2005 alaska airlines fired 500 people. they just laid them off without any kind of notice and replaced those people with low wage jobs at menzies aviation. menzies aviation is now the corporation that handles more than half of the bags and other services for alaska and at sea- tac airport. and meanwhile, alaska airlines profits are way up. they reported half a billion dollars in profits in 2013, and the way they did that was in part making sure that the people who work for them don't make any more than minimum wage. >> reporter: the connection between wages and profits is pretty obvious, says seattle venture capitalist nick hanauer, an outspoken advocate for the $15 minimum wage. >> clearly the c.e.o. and senior managers of alaska airlines, and their board of directors, and their shareholders would prefer

that most of the value created by that enterprise goes to them and almost none of the value created by that enterprise goes to their workers. >> reporter: alaska airlines declined our interview request, but sent a written statement: >> reporter: we tried to reach alaska's business partners, and other sea-tac airport contractors. 21 companies in all, none of which agreed to an interview. >> appreciate the call but we're gonna pass. >> reporter: even the off- airport employers complying with the law took a pass though some lamented it to local reporters.

>> the cedarbrook lodge said that they were gonna have to lay off employees and instead they're doubling their room capacity and hiring. >> reporter: union leader david rolf was a prime mover behind proposition one. >> i think there was a lot of rhetoric designed to scare people leading up to that election and so far all of the doom and gloom has not proven correct. >> reporter: meanwhile, as both sides await the state supreme court's ruling on appeal, some sea-tac airport workers aren't waiting around for judicial relief. tracey thompson is secretary- treasurer of local 117 of the teamsters. >> it's not just the represented workers that matter, it's the non-represented workers and women and persons of color are the ones who are suffering most by having such low minimum wage and poverty level wages here. >> reporter: workers like hani osman, a driver at sea-tac airport's avis budget rent-a- car, which the teamsters recently succeeded in organizing with the help of this somali refugee. >> we don't get vacation.

we don't get sick call. we don't get nothing and that's why we fought for the union. >> reporter: we met osman at the sea-tac teamsters hall, where she and others were voting on their first union contract, which will guarantee healthcare, retirement, vacation, sick leave, a grievance procedure and $15 an hour if the lower court decision is overturned. >> reporter: are you really excited about the fact that you have now gotten a union? >> we're so happy about it. everybody's so happy about it. and now we're getting some results. >> reporter: what kind of results? >> for example, if we hit a car, we used to get suspended. you move like 100 cars a day and if you scratch a little car, you get suspended for two weeks without pay. >> reporter: really? >> yeah, and now we don't have to see that again. >> reporter: which brings us to one final note: the company that directly employs hani osman and

colleagues isn't avis-budget. it's the g.c.a. services group. >> g.c.a. is a contractor that has 30,000 employees around the country. they are owned by blackstone, which is a major wall street investment group, which is worth hundreds of billions of dollars. >> reporter: that prompted a last question for multi- millionaire investor nick hanauer about his fellow one- hundredth of the one percenters. >> reporter: how do you personally feel when you hear that a company like blackstone has taken workers who used to work for avis and budget back to minimum wage, subcontracted? >> on the one hand, i feel like it's a moral abomination, but the truth is that they may have felt that they needed to do that because their competitor had already done it and they wouldn't be able to compete on price if they hadn't. >> reporter: the seemingly inexorable pressure of

competition, in other words. which is why the workers of sea- tac have been organizing, they say, to counter with pressure of their own. >> woodruff: and now for something out of this world. nasa scientists think they have discovered the most "earth-like" planet yet, circling a star that's about 500 light years away from us. for now, you can just call it "kepler 186-f." hari sreenivasan in our new york studio has a fuller look at why it's exciting astronomers. >> reporter: it was discovered by the kepler space telescope. and as shown in this animation, it's said to be in a so-called "goldilocks zone," where it's not too far from its sun. "kepler-186" and its temperatures could be just the right environment to allow liquid water to flow on its surface. tom barclay is part of the nasa team and with the bay area environmental research institute. he joins us from mountain view, california.

similiar characters to earth. green house gases and liquid water.

both those are rocky. both those are rocky. so we deduced that both planets might be rocky. 40% bigger than rock. significant amount of water around that surface. gravity is going to be much higher. they may be hotter inside without a core, mantle and crust.

>> so this planet orbits a star. this star also reveals less starlight than we receive from the sun. it'll be a bit dimmer on the surface. similar illumination to our sunset. more orange, more red, less blue light to scatter so the ocean's duller. ice similar to star than what we see. so they may be an orange color

as well. >> you'd feel slightly more gravity. maybe 40% more. no, that6 year would be much shorter. we go around our star 365, they go around 130 days. you'd have more birthdays.

>> sreenivasan: what's the next telescope? >> can't see the stars, not as bright. nasa is developing tess to find planets similar but orbiting our neighbors. once we find those we'll try to study their atmospheres. is there water vapor and nitrogen, conducive to life. thank you.

>> ifill: boston. fort hood. kansas city. oklahoma city. what happens when random mass violence strikes at home? what do we call it, and how do we prosecute it? this week, lisa monaco, the president's chief counterterrorism adviser, spoke out on that topic in a speech at harvard's kennedy school. she joins me now. is it terorrism? >> violent extremism has been with us in many forms.

we need to bring community efforts together to counter it. >> ifill: what we call it matters too, right? >> ifill: what we call it matters too, right? you're a boston native, it hit close but still not "t" word. >> we get caught up in labels. looking at it as a hate crime. but what we've seen is extremism comes in any number of forms. it's not confined to one community.

we need to rejectit regardless of faith. >> ifill: regardless of standing. how is that different from responding to other kinds of threats homeland or elsewhere? >> an individual being radicalized to violence. >> an individual being radicalized to violence. we have to do a lot more as a community to understand what draws people to violence. wre trying to understand what draws people to violence.

leaders, how can they intervene with individuals in their community to point them in another direction. >> woodruff: how do you act when it's the same type of violence, but it's just here. how is our reaction as a government, as a community? how is it different or should it be different? >> well, we have a really good example in the boston bombings. what we saw there and commemorated and remembered on monday was a community coming together to respond both medical professionals, law enforcement, community members to both respond to an attack, an expression of violence from two individuals radicalized, and then to help a community heal. >> woodruff: when you talk about a community action, it almost sounds like you're saying not over here on the federal government, over there in your

hometown. >> well, i think what we've learned is that there are limits to what the federal government can do in terms of identifying individuals who are being drawn to violence. we're not always going to be able to see the warning signs. the government isn't best positioned to see that, necessarily all the time. >> ifill: are we in better positions here in. >> i think we can be by working with the community and engaging more. we've looked at this very hard. what we've found from one study is that in 80% of the cases, community members saw warning signs, but they didn't see them as an indicator of a problem, whether it was a teacher, hearing from a student that they were interested in traveling abroad to fight, whether a parent seeing a kid being more confrontational. we have to learn together and educate community members and trust community members who can come and intervene and point

that, usually youth, to a different path. >> ifill: is watching for signs, watching for behavior changes, is that a little passive in the face of what's sadly and repeatedly a growing problem here? >> it's not the only thing we're doing. we certainly need to make sure we as a community are poised to see those warning signs and see them as signs of trouble, but our law enforcement needs to and has been, and in fact boston is a great example of this, prepare for in advance to understand how they're going to respond, how they're going to work together to respond to an act of violence. >> ifill: you mentioned in your speech in cambridge a comprehensive prevention model. >> mm-hmm. >> ifill: what does that look like at the federal, state and local level? >> it's engaging community members and not just on the

security side, whether educators, health professionals, religious leaders as well, sharing best practices. what do we know? what has our expertise taught us about how somebody becomes radicalized? how can we share that information so that people can understand to see these warning signs? >> is that a law enforcement response? the debate we always have when things happen is whether it should be a law enforcement response, debate about gun control, a mental health response or something else like that or are you talking about a combination of all these things? >> all of them. >> ifill: emphasis on one or the other? >> it can't be done in any one area. it can be done in law enforcement because this is a public safety issue we're talking about, and law enforcement has a role to play, but so do teachers and parents and families. >> ifill: should these kinds of crimes be prosecuted differently? >> i guess it depends on what

you mean. i think they've got to be prosecuted based on the facts and the evidence that is presented, which is exactly what's going to happen here. >> ifill: you think they should be prosecuted as terror, as domestic murder charges, a criminal charge? >> well, in both instances, we've got statutes on the book that are going to be available to us and we can't apply any one cookie cutter approach to it. >> reporter: the assistant to the president for homeland security and counterterrorism, thank you so much, lisa, thank you very much. >> great t to be with you. >> woodruff: again, the major developments of the day. the u.s. russia, ukraine and the european union announced an agreement to ease tensions in ukraine. it calls for pro-russian separatists to stop occupying government buildings in 10 cities. search teams spent a second day trying to find more than 270 people missing in a ferry disaster off the coast of south korea.

and president obama announced at least eight million people have enrolled for health insurance through the federal and state exchanges. he said, that should end any debate about repealing the health care law. >> ifill: on the newshour online right now. in one of her farewell performances, an oregon ballerina dances in public spaces across the city of portland from a park to a barbershop. our partners at oregon public broadcasting recorded the unique recital. you can watch it on "art beat." and would a guaranteed basic income allow workers to become even more productive citizens? paul solman talked to an occupy activist who thinks so, read their discussion on making sense. all that and more is on our web site, newshour.pbs.org. >> woodruff: and now to our honor roll of american service personnel killed in the afghanistan conflict.

it's been our practice to gather the names of the fallen as their deaths have been confirmed and photographs became available. that list has grown shorter as combat casualties have declined sharply. tonight, in silence, we honor two soldiers. >> ifill: and that's the newshour for tonight. on friday, a report on months of political unrest and protests in venezuela. i'm gwen ifill. >> woodruff: and i'm judy woodruff. we'll see you on-line and again here tomorrow evening with mark shields and david brooks among others. for all of us here at the pbs newshour, thank you and good night. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by:

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