captioning sponsored by macneil/lehrer productions >> ifill: banned from pro- basketball for life, with a 2.5 million dollar fine. that's clippers owner donald sterling's penalty for racist comments that sparked outrage, and may yet strip him of his team. good evening, i'm gwen ifill. >> woodruff: and i'm judy woodruff. also ahead, can police search your cell phone without a warrant? the supreme court grappled with that question today, with arguments pitting privacy concerns against law enforcement in the digital age. >> ifill: plus, a look at iraq. readying for it's first national elections since the u.s. withdrawal, but struggling to maintain peace and stability. >> this isn't the iraq the

united states expected to leave behind. it isn't even an iraq a lot of iraqis recognize. and many fear it will become more dangerous. >> ifill: those are just some of the stories we're covering on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> at bae systems, our pride and dedication show in everything we do; from electronics systems to intelligence analysis and cyber- operations; from combat vehicles and weapons to the maintenance and modernization of ships, aircraft, and critical infrastructure. knowing our work makes a difference inspires us everyday. that's bae systems. that's inspired work. >> i've been around long enough to recognize the people who are out there owning it. the ones getting involved, staying engaged.

they are not afraid to question the path they're on. because the one question they never want to ask is, "how did i end up here?" i started schwab with those people. people who want to take ownership of their investments, like they do in every other aspect of their lives. >> and the william and flora hewlett foundation, helping people build immeasurably better lives. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and foundations. and... >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: for the third day in a row, violent weather is threatening the southern united

states. tornadoes have killed at least 35 people since sunday, including a dozen or more yesterday in mississippi. >> it's moving to the right! >> woodruff: it was late monday afternoon in mississippi, when the funnel clouds formed. weather radar showed the ferocious storm system cutting a wide swath across the state. >> this is bad. >> woodruff: tornadoes tossed and tumbled cars across an open field in the town of louisville. robbie anderson huddled in her closet in edwards, as a twister tore through. >> that's the tin roof, the metal roof that has come off of the house and of course it's raining all in the house and all of this, but that's okay too because i'm still here. >> woodruff: a tornado in tupelo uprooted massive, old trees, pulled down power lines, and knocked semi-trailer trucks on their sides. >> to see trees twisted and snapped like what they are now, it's nothing i've ever seen in my life, and it's nothing i ever want to see again.

>> woodruff: vanelli's restaurant in downtown tupelo, in business since 1975, was destroyed in the storm. workers sheltered in the restaurant's walk-in cooler. a south carolina man vacationing in tupelo described his close call. >> we were on the fourth floor of the conference suite hotel, trying to get out, when it hit, and we got almost to the stairway and at that time we heard a sound, the building shook, and my wife reached for the door, the window blew in, the stairway door slammed back on us and it blew us down the hall. >> woodruff: from tupelo, the storm system snaked its way northeast to athens, alabama, where dazed residents surveyed the damage to their community. meanwhile, back in mayflower and vilonia, arkansas, devastated by sunday's tornadoes, people have returned to what's left of their homes, hoping to salvage what they can. >> my great grandma gave this to

my grandma when she was 12, my grandma gave it to my mama when she was 12, mama gave it to me when i was 12, and i have my first granddaughter, i was going to give it to her and it's not even cracked and it still has the jewelry in it. >> woodruff: other small signs of survival emerged as well, including a baby chick, found unharmed, in the wreckage of a home. >> woodruff: three people are in critical condition this evening after a package handler opened fire at a fed-ex sorting center outside atlanta. he wounded six people before taking his own life. police swarmed the building after reports of gunfire came in before six this morning. they said the man used a shotgun and had explosive devices, but did not use them. in syria, more than 50 people died today in a series of attacks. scores more were wounded. the worst was in the central city of homs, where two car bombs exploded in a pro-government neighborhood,

killing at least 40. and in damascus, state t.v. broadcast images of a school complex hit by mortar strikes. it came a day after president bashar al-assad announced his re-election bid. in iraq, twin bombs exploded in an outdoor market 90 miles northeast of baghdad. at least 24 people were killed and more than 40 injured. meanwhile, an al-qaeda faction claimed responsibility for monday's bombings that killed nearly 50 people. the european union slapped sanctions on 15 more top russian officials today, for fomenting trouble in ukraine. meanwhile, in ukraine, separatists stormed the regional administration building in the eastern city of luhansk. they're demanding a referendum to give regions more authority. back in kiev, the u.s. ambassador urged ukrainian officials to respond carefully. >> our advice would be to encourage the government to

continue on the course that it has been pursuing, of seeking a strategy to cordon these cities, to use their security forces, and the army if necessary, to ensure that weapons, money, instability are not trafficked in and out of these cities. >> woodruff: russia still has thousands of its own troops massed near ukraine's eastern border. the state department defended secretary john kerry today, over comments that israel could become an apartheid state, unless there's peace with the palestinians. he said it friday, warning israel could wind up with two classes of citizens. in a statement last night, kerry conceded: if i could rewind the tape, i would have chosen a different word. a spokeswoman said today any suggestion that kerry is anti-israel is "completely absurd." the supreme court has upheld federal efforts to stop power plant emissions from blowing across state lines.

by six to two today, the justices re-instated a rule adopted in 2011. it requires plants in 27 midwestern and appalachian states to limit pollution that blows downwind to other states. a lower court had blocked the rule from taking effect. house speaker john boehner tried today to smooth ruffled republican feathers, over immigration reform. the dust-up began last week when boehner addressed the immigration issue during an appearance in his home district in ohio. >> the appetite amongst my colleagues for doing this is not real good. this guy's back here with a camera but here's the attitude: ohhhh, don't make me do this! ohhhh, this is too hard. you should hear 'em. >> woodruff: that drew fire from some conservatives, who said the blame lies with president obama, not with republicans. today, boehner took a step back, to explain himself. >> you tease the ones you love, right?

but some people misunderstood what i had to say, and i wanted to make sure the members understood that the biggest impediment we have in moving immigration reform is that the american people don't trust the president to enforce or implement the law that we may or may not pass. >> woodruff: the speaker said the immigration system is "broken," and republicans are still discussing how to fix it a federal judge struck down wisconsin's voter i.d. law today. the judge ruled the mandate to show a state-issued photo i.d. is an unfair burden on poor and minority voters. state officials said they plan to appeal. for now, though, the ruling could set a precedent for similar challenges in texas, north carolina and other states. the head of the u.s. securities and exchange commission is rejecting claims that high-speed trading gives some people an unfair advantage. mary jo white told a congressional hearing today:

"the markets are not rigged" despite allegations in a new book. on wall street today, the dow jones industrial average gained 86 points to close at 16,535. the nasdaq rose 29 points to close at 4,103. and the s-and-p 500 added nearly nine, to finish at 1,878. still to come on the newshour: racist comments get a pro basketball owner banned from the game for life; a new push to curb sexual assaults on colleges campuses; iraq struggles with violence ahead of critical elections; the supreme court weighs whether police can search cell phones without a warrant; and one woman's fight to preserve egypt's antiques. >> ifill: the national basketball association took it's toughest steps ever against a team owner today, coming down hard on donald sterling, the billionaire owner of the los angeles clippers. commissioner adam silver

confirmed during a press conference in new york that sterling's was the voice on a widely circulated recording that contained racist remarks. nba players immediately praised the decision on social media, and at los angeles news conference, where former player and current sacramento mayor kevin johnson spoke. here is some of what they had to say. >> effective immediately, i am banning mr. sterling for life from any association with the clippers organization or the nba. mr. sterling may not attend any nba games or practices, he may not be present at any clippers facility, and he may not participate in any business or player personnel decisions involving p team. i am also finding mr. sterling -- fining

mr. sterling $2.5 million, the maximum amount allowed under the nba constitution. >> if you don't get the three-quarter vote that you need, is it possible that donald sterling could still be an absentee owner of this team even though he's banned physically from doing anything with it? >> i fully expect to get the support i need from the other nba owners to remove him. >> i believe that today stands as one of those great moments where sports, once again, transcends, where sports provides a place for fundamental change on how our country should think and act. >> ifill: for more reaction now to the day's events, and what comes next, i'm joined by william rhoden, a sports columnist for the new york times. and charlie pierce, a staff writer for grantland, a sports website, who also writes regularly for esquire magazine.

william rhoden, did adam silver do the right thing? >> he did what he could do. it was a very good step. but anything left in that, anything weaker in that, i think he would have had a moral train wreck on his hands, more of a moral train wreck than he already did. so i think adam was strong, but, again, he did what he had to do. he had to do this. >> woodruff: how about that, charlie pierce, was he in a position to do anything other than what he did today? >> i agreed with bill. i think he did all he could do for the moment. i think the players and people interested in this issue are perfectly within their rights to ask for a timetable on the sale of the club because i think you can judge from the answer he gave to the question, if he doesn't get the votes of the rest of the owners, they're not going to be able to make the guy divest himself of the team. so i think that, as bill said, he did what he had to do, he did all he could do today.

now we'll see what's going on down the line. >> woodruff: william rhoden, we know he will be fined $2.5 million, banned from games, meetings, but in forcing to sell the team, isn't he going to reap a huge profit? >> gwen, he wins. he wins. what i hope happens, though, is from here, you know, i was at the press conference and there is sort of a sense that, okay, we took this guy, flogged him and the wicked witch of racism is dead. this is far more pervasive than this. this is more than about donald sterling, it's about institutional racism throughout the nba and nfl. when you go through an nba or nfl franchise, i've invited the

players to do that, they would be stunned when they go to visit all parts of the department -- marketing, legal, the executive suite -- and find out how few black people there are. so, yes, donald sterling articulated something he didn't want black people around, but people can make that same statement without being clumsy like he was and make a statement in terms of who they don't hire, who they don't have around. so i don't want this -- the problem with this is that, you know, it's over -- you know how we do with race, we make a big deal out of it and now we go to the playoffs and the championship and thank god we don't have to really take a stand. so i just want this to be the beginning, not the e >> ifill: let me ask charlie pierce about that. is this something you sense will go on beyond what it is now? because you've written, this is not the first time, for instance, we've heard of donald

sterling making comments like this and nothing happened before. >> no, donald sterling has been a cancer on this league nearly from a competitive standpoint since he owned the team. he has acted out his racism before in his private business which is basically being a landlord -- and that's being very kind. otherwise, i think what bill is talking about, if it's going to go forward, then this can't be the only time the players get together and decide to take a stand on this, okay. the players are going to have an advantage now, they have to push it. for example, they have to lean on the league to make this sale happen and not to -- it is unfathomable to me donald sterling might still own the team next fall. that can't be allowed. if what adam says is serious, that can't be allowed to happen. on another venture, what does adam silver do now with the

debose family in orlando, does he talk to them? this is an entirely new world. let's step all the way into it if we step into it. >> ifill: why is it the players to force the action rather than the other owners, which is the immediate question? >> well, i think it is. i think it's on the other owners and i also think it's on the consumers, on fans. the fans, you know, they weren't really in the crosshairs. i think that they have got some moral decisions to make, too, in terms of embracing this. i think people always focus on players because, you know, they're highly compensated, highly visible in terms of a league that's 75% african-american, they're probably the most highly visible set of african-americans outside the prison industry that we have in this country. let me just say this, this is about self-respect, and if those players in the nba, and particularly the clippers, if

they continue to use the "n" word and we know that's flying around the locker room, maybe this will be an impetus to stop it. you can't have it both ways. you can't accuse donald sterling of using "racial language" when in the locker room, they're disrespecting each other all the time. so hopefully this will be, ironically enough, what sterling said will be an impetus for players to start respecting themselves in terms of the language they use with each other. so a lot of the weight has to fall on the players, gwen. >> ifill: charlie, is bill being optimistic that this is an opening for a larger conversation that will change the way the nba functions, change the way players relate to each other, change the way we all talk about race? >> i hope so. if i had a nickel for, you know, every time an event happened where we were going to have a new conversation in this country about race, i would be richer

than donald sterling is. >> ifill: what do you see as the immediate fallout. >> when i mentioned the players, what i mentioned about the players was, it seems that their unity in this particular instance was the tipping point that forced the nba's hands. there was serious talk about not playing during the playoffs. this is the thing i'm insisting cannot be a one-time thing. >> right. if they're going to take that kind of role as a legitimate unified force within the league, they have to take it on every issue. >> ifill: how about dollar signs? are we talking all the companies who threatened to pull their support for the clippers, was that the sort of thing which is also a tipping point? >> that may have been the catalyst, gwen. there are companies that would have pulled out and if you think the nba isn't back there counting nickels, you have another thing. we've got to stop. this getting back to charlie's

point, i think the players, those who have insight, are saying, wow, we really have some economic muscle! look what we, just by threatening not to play, just by threatening to boycott, just to sort of raise our voices, all these companies pulled back and now they're all coming back and any reasonable group of people would think, wow, we really have some muscle, let's make this players association a really strong and powerful force. i just hope that chris paul's leadership is strong, i hope kevin johnson's is strong. i think this could be a catalyst for something very strong. at least i'm hoping. >> ifill: we'll all be watching to see. william rhoden "new york times," charlie charlie "esquire magazine." thank you both. >> thank you. >> woodruff: college campuses

across the country are increasingly in the spotlight for sexual assaults on students, and how many schools have chosen to pursue charges. ways to combat the problem are being pushed on multiple fronts. the obama administration stepped up it's pressure today. >> colleges and universities can no more turning a blind eye or pretending it doesn't exist. >> woodruff: today's white house event, featuring vice president joe biden, came amid a growing campaign to focus attention on sexual assaults at american colleges. >> we need to provide survivors with more support and we need to bring the perpetrators to justice. and we need the colleges and universities to step up and learn the lessons which we have learned in the implementation of the violence against women act on the criminal side. >> woodruff: a white house task force with its own website, notalone.gov recommended that:

it's still up to colleges themselves to make changes, but they're under mounting pressure. in 2007, the national institute of justice found one in five collegiate women falls victim to sexual assault. in recent months, cases have been springing up everywhere, from ivy league schools, to smaller, liberal arts institutions, and large state universities. democratic u.s. senators kirsten gillibrand and claire mccaskill want to set aside more federal money to enforce sexual assault laws. mccaskill appeared sunday on c.b.s., comparing student rape cases in colleges to those in the military. >> i see a lot of similarities on college campuses in terms of a closed cultural environment,

where victims are so worried about how they're going to be viewed if they come out of the shadows. so i think the first step is to >> woodruff: meanwhile, women are increasingly filing cases under the federal title nine law that requires schools to prevent assaults and protect victims. more than 50 campuses have on- going investigations into whether they are complying. >> woodruff: we're joined now by three people at today's event who have all taken leading roles in dealing with this problem. carolyn "biddy" martin is the president of amherst college. the school came under scrutiny when students filed federal complaints about the campus' handling of sexual assault reports. alison kiss is executive director of the clery center for security on campus, which works directly with schools. and andrea pino is a student at the university of north carolina at chapel hill. she is an assault survivor herself and co-founder of the group "end rape on campus," which helps students file federal complaints when they

feel their case has been mishandled. thank you all for being with us. president martin, let me start with you. does this mean that the burden, more than ever now, is on colleges and college officials to prevent these assaults and then deal with them if that happened? >> i think it does. i think colleges need to be accountable, are beginning to hold themselves accountable, and what we got today was a set of guidelines, a comprehensive description of the nature and the scope of the problem. seeing what title 9 requires and a set of guidelines about how colleges and universities need to implement the crimes. >> woodruff: alison kiss, how different will this be from the way things have been handled up till now? >> today really continued the conversation and we need to talk about this on campuses.

the conversation has started this year. there has been a group of students that have been instrumental in beginning that conversation, and when we talk about this, more students will come forward and report, and that needs to be what campuses recognize is if you're talking about this and putting resources out there, students will come forward and they're going to want help and seek help and they're going to report. >> woodruff: andrea pino, as someone who has been involved in reporting and advocating for students, how much difference do you think the guidelines will make? >> in the last few years have been the years jane doe had a name and it's been monumental as to how many people we know deal with this issue and i think the guideline puts jurisdiction around what sexual assault is because a lot of times it was misunderstood sexual assault is clear and concise. when there's a no and when there is not a yes, sexual assault is sexual assault. like vice president joe biden said today, when there isn't

consent, it is sexual assault. >> woodruff: how different is it from before? >> it was very vague in terms of what the issue was. it was more on line that sexual assault was a violation of title 9, but the jurisdiction was about the federal policy. and it's about the cleary act and title 9 how they work together. when sexual assault happens on college campuses, the students don't have an equal right to education. that's what we're enforcing now. >> woodruff: why have colleges been reluctant to grapple with the problem? >> it's a good question and i don't have a great answer to it. i think what i would say going back to andrea's point is the past two years have seen the students become the teachers of colleges and universities. i think what we have today is going to be enormously helpful, but the credit for making this the issue that it has become and for holding colleges and universities accountable, that

credit goes to young people such as andrea pino. that is why i think colleges and universities have begun to take notice and have started putting the resources that are required into prevention and into addressing problems when they occur. >> woodruff: alison kiss, pick up on that because you work with different schools. what do you think is holding schools back in their being aggressive about dealing with this problem? >> i think institutions of higher education, much like other organizations, often operate in silence and one hand is not talking to another and there's not collaboration and one thing that needs to happen are more conversations like this where you have students sitting at the table with college presidents, with advocates talking about the issue because you often have people who care about the issue but coming at it from so many different directions, so coming at it if you have been a survivor is different than if you're the institution's leader. so bringing all these people to the table and sharing different

viewpoints and solutions, so having a solutions-based approach to how we make this campus, how we make the college campus environment in general better for future generations. >> woodruff: andrea pino, is it the problem is much worse than it used to be or it's getting more reported than it used to be? how do you see that? >> i think it's very underreported. the fact that we have one in five, that's grossly underestimated. >> woodruff: you think it's more than that? >> definitely much more than that. we estimate it's just so much more and i think just my college experience, most of my friends have been impacted at some point. i think at u.n.c., it's not that there is really a defender from going something, it's for a long time there wasn't a face to the issue. policies were written without us in mind. they were responding to federal guidelines, like amherst, but there wasn't a face showing to you what the impact to have the problem is. oftentimes it's not just one incident but the entire educational experience is

impacted by the issue. >> woodruff: president martin. amherst had its own incident. how is it now going to be different for you as the president of amherst or for the leader of any school to address this? what's going to change? >> well, as i said, it started to be different a couple of years ago, and i think andrea is right to say, when students begin to give a face to the problem. in 2012, we completely revamped our policies, procedures, our protocols and changed the way the cases are adjudicated. we no longer have faculty and students, for example, sitting on disciplinary boards. >> woodruff: why in the? ell, our students pointed out -- and, by the way, i really think what we've learned, at least at amherst, we've learned by virtue of close interaction and collaboration with students and staff. but students pointed out,

especially in a small institution, they didn't want people on hearing boards, whether they were the complainant or the respondent, with whom they could potentially be friends or a faculty member whose class they might take in the future would have heard the intimate details of their lives and wanted people with expertise and training. it's about professionalizing people and practices we use in demanding excellence from everyone involved and that professionalization is critical. >> woodruff: what needs to be done, alison and andrea, what else has to happen now? >> on campuses, policies are needed to be in compliance with federal laws but they have to make sense to students. so there has to be a concerted effort to get out in front and talk about this. from prevention standpoint, the public health model works. there's evidence behind the model. we need to look at changing behaviors and how to do that.

>> woodruff: what's an example? >> an example is from the cd. we've seen a three-tiered approach. >> woodruff: centers for disease control. >> yes. and this approach looks at a community-based approach. so changing behaviors within the community. quite honestly, it's not all on higher education. it needs to start early. we need to talk to children when they're young. i'm talking to my 7-year-old about this issue now and you need to start at an age-appropriate level and continue the conversation. >> woodruff: it's also men on campus who could be the victim. >> every institution has its own difficulties. what i've experienced from what i'm recovering from is the amazing support from specific faculty that were able to accommodate me. i had to find it on my own. i wasn't offered ptsd resources, i was never offered housing

accommodations or extensions. i had to fight for that. students with pstd are entitled to disability services under title 2. >> woodruff: will those services be more available now? >> that's the thing, if you follow basic compliance, you miss the gaps of mental services and mental health. it's one therapist for 1800 students and oftentimes students are shoe horned into that and don't get the help they need. >> woodruff: sounds as if you're saying some of this is changing. >> it's definitely changing. it's changing significantly. the protest must be comprehensive and can't be focused just on how to comply with laws. it's how to solve the problem of sexual assault and rape, not only on campuses but in society as a whole. >> woodruff: president martin of amherst, alison kiss, andrea pino, we thank you all.

>> ifill: in iraq, voters go to the polls tomorrow in the first national elections since american forces left. the government faces a resurgence of al-qaeda linked groups, and there are fears security forces have lost control of a key part of the country. as sectarian violence intensifies, some believe that iraq, where thousands of american lives were lost and billions of taxpayer dollars spent, is slipping back to the brink of civil war. journalist jane arraf filed this report for the newshour from baghdad. >> this was an election rally for the league of the righteous and its political ring the truthful their leader believed by the u.s. to have organized the killing of u.s. soldiers, now iraq's newest political player. the militant's late st fight

spilled over where some young members were killed fighting alongside syrian regime forces. the islamic state of iraq and syria, when the truthful are the cure. moments after those words left his mouth this attack happened. the car bomb in the parking lot of a stadium followed by another car bomb and a suicide bomber. the al quaida offshoot, he mentioned, the islamic state of iraq and syria took responsibility. this isn't the iraq the united states expected to leave behind. it's not even an iraq a lot of iraqis recognize. in election after election, in almost a decade since people here first went to the polls, the country has become more and not less divided. and many fear it will become more dangerous. here in al-anbar, iraq's biggest

province bordering syria and jordan, few people will be able to go to the polls. in fallujah, anti-goverment fighters are in the street. they say this is the war on terrorism. it surrounded fallujah to drive out what it says is the islamic state of iraq and syria former offshoot of al quaida in iraq, it has been using u.s. weapons and ammunition to launch strikes on the edge of the cities. but it isn't that simple. many iraqis in the sunni majority province say these aren't terrorists, they're rebels fighting against what they believe is an iranian controlled iraqi government. the the conflict reflects a bigger political split in iraq and the region. this is a senior program officer for the middle east with the u.s. institute of peace. >> the issue is entangled the sectarianism, the division, is entangled with competition,

competing interest and priorities competing for regional powers. in the gulf states you have turkey, iran. they have different interests than iraq and backing different political actors there. so that has not helped iraqis to come together and bridge the sunni and shiite divide. so the first thing that needs to happen is to agree on what is the problem and this is where you can start a conversation. the future of iraq rests very much on that conversation. >> reporter: preoccupied with winning, few iraqi leaders seem in the mood for conversation. this was the interim prime minister in 2004. allawy and his party was the main stream sunni iraqis. his party in 2010 won more seats

but joined maliki's government. he said he's had enough. he said he won't accept m maliki even if he wins. there is no danger of the u.s. sending in troops again. three years ago, the united states was both tired of the war and had worn out its welcome. all u.s. troops left in 2011, leaving iraqi security forces struggling. ma lackey's big worry is al-anbar won't be contained by the fighting 40 miles from baghdad will spill into the capital and the fortified green zone. iraqys take chances with almost daily attacks intensified during

the campaign. there are more than 9,000 candidates vying for seats. shiite cleric who won the largest block in the last vote has withdrawn from politics but still inspires support. in the liberal cultural center, those trying to turn the tied of religious sentiment are out in force. the crowds are a sign of resiliency here. several years ago, a car bomb near this spot, dozens were killed, sent a message anyone could be a part of it. there are car bombs every day, but it doesn't stop people from going out. when you ask what the main issues are, security is only one of them. a student is urging people to vote for a civil state, one run bylaws and not religion. he hasn't voted before but he

was so impressed with one of the candidates he decided to volunteer this time. >> we believe in civil society, equality between men and women and a government that's not sectarian. >> reporter: this candidate like many of the others campaigning on this day are from a new version of the communist party, the communists who are secular have lost support as iraq becomes more religiously conservative, but they believe people are tired of religious divisions. this man is an engineer who has run and lost twice before. we hope that the iraqi voters will choose correctly this time to change the existing wrong so we won't lose all these billions of dollars nobody saw. we hope for change and there should be change. unfortunately, we don't have the cultural mentality. the majority of the people are not fully aware of the idea of

election. we are still new to democracy. grrntle. >> reporter: beings were sold on the street for 25 years and he believes the most important issue is cutting corruption and putting people back to work. he hasn't decided yet who to vote for. he thinks it will be for the state of law coalition or the communists. >> the economic issues are casting their shadows on the security issues in this country. the government needs to re-think economic projects to develop the country. they are parallel. >> reporter: on the street of cultural learning, you can see iraq's lost potential. this boy is 8 years old. he lives in the neighborhood but he and his brother who is 7 don't go to school. they sell chewing gum here instead. their father is a laborer. two of their sisters were killed in a bombing. he tells me he would like to go

to school but the family doesn't have the money to obtain the government records needed to enroll him. it's not a bright future for these boys. iraq is a country still reinventing itself one election at a time. >> ifill: 90% of american adults have cell phones, most of them containing troves of personal data, including photos, contacts and correspondence. the supreme court heard arguments today in two cases that challenge whether all that information should be fair game for law enforcement when a suspect is placed under arrest. marcia coyle of the national law journal was in the courtroom this morning and is back with us tonight. this week we're talking about cell phone data. the supreme court is suddenly getting very modern. how did this case get to the court? >> a new world as one of the

justices said today. this involved two cases, two separate arguments for an hour each. the one case was a state prosecution. police stopped a man driving because his tags had expired. they found concealed and loaded weapons in the car, arrested him, confiscated his smartphone. they searched the smartphone and found video and photo that linked him to a gang-related attempted murder. the evidence was used to convict him. the second case was a federal prosecution, a suspected drug dealer was arrested. his flip phone was searched by police. they looked at the call log on the flip phone, found a phone number they used to find an address of the man's house, later went and searched the house with a warrant and found drugs. that evidence was used to convict him. >> ifill: they didn't have a warrant to search the phones. >> exactly. and common to both these cases is sort of an exception to what generally makes police searches

reasonable under the fourth amendment, a warrant, and that's an exception that's known as search incident to an arrest. police can search you after they arrest you for two justifications -- one, an officer's safety and, two, to prevent destruction of evidence. that's what was focused on today during the arguments. did the officers have those justifications? the lawyers for the convicted criminals can here said no, the police seized the phone, secured them, get a warrant. get a third-party magistrate to say what they can really look at on the phone. the government argued, no, no, this is an officer in the field. cell phones today are very sophisticated. they can be used to trigger bombs, to send messages to criminal confederates to either run or come help the person arrested. >> ifill: so having a cell phone is not the same as a

wallet. a wallet they could reasonably search and no one could say anything because it's on your person, but a cell phone is different? >> the question is how different is it, really. the justices gave an example, you have a billfold in your pocket and it contains five photos. justice alito said police can look at those five photos after they arrest you, why can't they look at the cell phone that has a thousand of photos? what's different? that drew them into the discussion about why it's different. some photographs on cell phones have more information than just the image in the photograph. justice caigen pointed out, also, that cell phones today, people have their entire lives on their cell phones. where do you draw a line on what the police can look at if they can search the cell phones? > >> ifill: sounds like the justices were going back and forth about what they were supposed to be judging this on. >> absolutely. maybe two or three seemed to

think, you know, why not get a warrant? these phones were searched at the police station. there was time to get a warrant. but, again, the government lawyers come back and said, look, you know, you're talking about officers who are, you know, standing out on a street and they have arrested somebody. they have to make quick decisions. also, the technology, the lawyer for the obama administration said the f.b.i. is finding an increasing problem with encryption on cell phones. there are buttons where the cell phone -- all the information can be encrypted and it's taking their labs months if ever to break through to the encryption. so they want to be able to get into those cell phones as soon as possible. >> ifill: where does a conservative justice like justice scalia come down on this. >> for him, this may be hard. he often, in criminal cases, you know, he goes with the text of the amendment, that sometimes puts him on the side of the

criminal defendant. >> ifill: right. seemed to me they were struggling today to find a middle ground that would allow police to be safe, to preserve evidence and, yet, at the same time, not open your cell phone to everything in your life. >> ifill: so establish a line of reasonable suspicion. when it's reasonable to look. >> well, that's when you get a warrant. but i think that has more to do with going beyond those two justifications for the search incident to your arrest. the government suggested let us search for evidence of the crime of the arrest, that takes you a little farther into the cell phone itself. i think it's a real struggle for them and they want, usually, to have a bright line so that the police know what they can do and what they can't do, and there was no evidence of a bright line today. >> ifill: no bright lines today. marsha coyle, thank you.

>> my pleasure. >> woodruff: and finally tonight to egypt, where the remains of some 50 royal mummies were discovered in a huge tomb in the valley of the kings, the country's antiquities minister said yesterday. the relics are thought to date back to more than 1,500 years before christ. that find has drawn new attention to egypt's rich, but increasingly threatened, archaeological heritage, and a new approach to saving it. jeffrey brown has the story, part of his series, "culture at risk". >> the 4,000 year old temples of karnak in egypt are now being restored. these first pictures show the amount of work being carried out by the egyptian authorities. >> brown: for decades egyptian and international archeologists have worked to carefully excavate and preserve some of the world's most treasured historical sites and objects. the ancient pyramids of giza.

the valley of the kings. the tomb of king tut. and others, thousands of years old, many yet to be unearthed. in the aftermath of egypt's january 25th, 2011 revolution, which threw out longtime leader hosni mubarak. competing interests have jockeyed for political control, there's a security vacuum in parts of the country, tourists have largely stayed away. and egypt's antiquities have been increasingly under threat from looting, vandalism, illegal development and violence. just in january, a car bomb targeting cairo's security directorate did major damage to the museum of islamic arts across the street. and last summer, thieves broke into the malawi national museum, in the upper egyptian city of minya, burning or destroying nearly 50 artifacts and taking with them more than a thousand objects. >> the more chaotic the political situation appears and the more the security is afraid,

the more the looting will continue. >> brown: archeologist monica hanna was at that site and others to document the damage. she's the founder of an organization called "heritage task force." and she spoke with us recently during a visit to the u.s. >> the problem is very serious. the amount of sites that are being looted, the amount of archaeological sites that are being destroyed because of the looting, is very high. and the amount of objects leaving their archaeological context, losing their provenance and their history forever and going on the antiquities market is very high. we have two types of looters. they have access to the

technological knowledge. they come to the sites with four wheel drives with very technological weapons coming from libya so often the guards cannot use them in front of them and they know where to exactly to excavate. the other people are the regular villagers. usually young youth and children are sent by a local person to find objects and they give them money in turn of these objects. >> brown: in february, egyptian tourism police announced they'd broken up a major smuggling ring, recovering thousands of stolen objects. but it remains a pervasive problem. >> ( translated ): we have apprehended tens of people with digging equipment. maybe, on a daily basis, there are at least seven to ten cases of illicit excavation. >> brown: last month egypt's antiquities minister asked the obama administration to impose emergency restrictions on the importation of ancient artifacts. those would allow u.s. customs

officials to seize objects that lack official documentation. the u.s. state department says it's open to the idea, but the formal request will take time to submit and approve. but hanna says a global effort is needed. >> i don't think the rest of the world is doing enough. and, again, we need to target older markets because if we stop the market in the u.s., the market will shift to dubai, the market will shift to eastern europe or western europe. it has to be an international effort. >> brown: in the meantime, she's using a relatively new tool: social media, using twitter, for example, to sound the alarm and pressure authorities to do more. on facebook, she's posted hundreds of photos of illegally excavated sites, many with human remains scattered about. >> the fastest thing to report a heritage problem, rather than going to speak to the media, is just tweeting or writing a post on facebook where journalists have access to, people can read,

people can get informed. the spreading of the awareness creates a pressure on the different governmental bodies to take actions and to take concrete steps. >> brown: how easy is it to go into these sites? are you invited in? do you sometimes have to sneak in? >> it varies. some sites, i get invited in by the local inspectors. of course, they, they are unempowered and they're very scared to speak. so, what we do, is that we go, take photographs if it is safe enough, we draw sketches, and we post them on facebook, we send them to the media, we just publicize the problem as much as possible. >> brown: this can be dangerous work, right? >> for example, one time i was shot at in dashur at the archaeological site in the memphite necropolis. the looters there started shooting in the air while i was driving because they saw that i was taking photographs.

another time in another site called abusir malak, i was also attacked and they tried to confiscate the camera. >> brown: so why do this? why did you start this work? >> because i'm egyptian and i've had a good education. so i'm a bridge between worlds and because no one else was doing it. most of the foreign archaeological missions are very scared to speak up on the looting because they can risk losing their concessions. the local inspectors are not empowered enough, they do not have the channels to speak up, so someone had to voice out the crime that's going on. >> brown: for her efforts monica hanna was recently given an award from the new york-based preservation group: "saving antiquities for everyone".

>> ifill: again, the major developments of the day. the death toll rose to at least 35 after two days of tornadoes across the midwest and the south. more alerts were out this evening. and the national basketball association banned los angeles clippers owner donald sterling for life, for racist remarks, fined him $2.5 million dollars and moved to strip him of team ownership. >> woodruff: on the newshour online right now, some seniors aren't ready for a life of leisure when they finish working, so they're heading back to school. new retirement communities set up near university campuses offer the perks of college life without the exams. read about these programs on our health page. all that and more is on our web site, newshour.pbs.org. >> ifill: and that's the newshour for tonight. on wednesday, the u.s. makes up 5% of the world's population, but accounts for 25% of it's prisoners. we examine why so many americans are behind bars.

i'm gwen ifill. >> woodruff: and i'm judy woodruff, we'll see you on-line, and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us here at the pbs newshour, thank you and good night. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: ♪ ♪ moving our economy for 160 years. bnsf, the engine that connects us. >> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, technology,

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