captioning sponsored by macneil/lehrer productions >> ifill: president obama in europe today stood in solidarity with ukraine's newly elected president, pledging to beef up military aid as the country struggles to quell a bloody pro- russian rebellion. good evening, i'm gwen ifill. >> woodruff: and i'm judy woodruff. also ahead, as the dust settles after tuesday's primary elections, a runoff in mississippi between a tea party favorite and the old-guard establishment exposes the g.o.p.'s internal rifts. >> ifill: plus, factories in south carolina offer students on-the-job training and a vocational degree. we explore how apprenticeships can help solve youth unemployment and shape 21st century workers.

>> there's a lot of students now a days, that graduate with a four-year degree and can't find work. but with this two year degree i'm able to come and get a career for the rest of my life at a premier manufacturing company. >> ifill: those are just some of the stories we're covering on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: ♪ ♪ moving our economy for 160 years. bnsf, the engine that connects us.

>> supported by the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation. committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful world. more information at macfound.org >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and... >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: the taliban released a video today showing the handover of p.o.w. army sergeant bowe bergdahl last saturday. it came as questions continued over how he was captured in the first place. >> woodruff: clean shaven and dressed in traditional afghan

garb, bergdahl is first seen blinking rapidly in the sunlight as he awaits his transfer. at one point, a taliban fighter tells him, in the local language, pashto, "don't come back to afghanistan. you won't make it out alive next time." some of the words, misspelled, appear on the screen. then, a u.s. military blackhawk helicopter lands, and three men in civilian clothes quickly retrieve bergdahl. one pats him down, possibly for explosives, and he gets aboard, ending nearly five years in captivity. a voiceover says the transfer took place in the ali sher district of khost province, near the border with pakistan. meanwhile, u.s. defense secretary chuck hagel, in belgium, said it is premature to assume that bergdahl deserted in 2009, and that several u.s. soldiers died in the initial search for him.

>> i do not know of specific circumstances or details of u.s. soldiers dying as a result of efforts to find and rescue sergeant bergdahl. it's not in the interests of anyone, and certainly, i think, a bit unfair to sergeant bergdahl's family and to him, to presume anything. >> woodruff: still, the criticism continued. there was this from republican senator john mccain of arizona, a former prisoner of war in vietnam. >> well it's certainly, all of us are happy for his family and for him that he is returned to the united states. i also remember that when i was in prison, our motto was "home with honor." "home with honor" was our motto. >> woodruff: the white house has said it acted quickly to free bergdahl, without telling congress that the deal was imminent, because of concerns

about his health. and "the wall street journal" reported today that secret videos chronicled his decline. for his part, bergdahl spent a fourth day undergoing physical and mental assessments at a u.s. military hospital in germany. >> woodruff: in another development, bergdahl's hometown of hailey, idaho, canceled plans for a rally celebrating his release. the city administrator said the expected crowd would be too large to manage safely. >> ifill: the department of veterans affairs has now contacted all 1,700 patients who were left off a medical wait list in phoenix, arizona. the v.a. inspector general had reported they were omitted to cover up long wait times for care. today, acting v.a. secretary sloan gibson said officials have begun scheduling appointments for those and other veterans. >> we are moving immediately to get veteran's off of waitlists and to get them into clinics and we're taking action to fix the systemic problems that allowed

these unacceptable waits to occur. >> ifill: gibson took over the department last friday when secretary eric shinseki resigned under fire. he spoke today at a white house event on homeless vets, hosted by first lady michelle obama. she said their numbers have dropped by 24% since 2010, and she called it "a good news day." >> woodruff: in syria, president bashar al assad was declared the winner of yesterday's presidential vote, with nearly 89% of the vote. the country's constitutional court reported turnout was 73%. but there was no voting in much of the north and east, where rebels are in control. >> ifill: back in this country, a sick out by transit workers in san francisco appeared to be easing after two days. light-rail trains and buses were mostly back on schedule, and officials hoped to resume service on the city's famed cable cars. the sick-out began after transit workers rejected a contract proposal last friday. >> woodruff: on wall street today:

the dow jones industrial average gained 15 points to close at 16,737. the nasdaq rose more than 17 points to close above 4,251. and the s-and-p 500 added more than three points to finish near 1,928. >> ifill: the last of the original navajo "code talkers," chester nez, died today in new mexico. he suffered kidney failure. nez was in 10th grade when he lied about his age and enlisted in the marine corps to fight in world war two. he and 28 others were recruited to develop a code, based on the unwritten navajo language, that stumped the japanese. chester nez was 93 years old. still to come on the newshour: the president's show of support for ukraine's new leader; why one factory is turning to apprenticeships to train young workers; a look at china 25 years after the tiananmen square crackdown; plus: a tea-party challenger and a six-term senate stalwart head to a primary runoff.

>> ifill: president obama was in warsaw today, where he observed the anniversary of polish democracy, and met with ukraine's president elect petro poroshenko. the events came as one nato ally member is about to complete a military deal with russia - causing many to wonder how close the u.s. and it's european allies are in their approach to dealing with that country's actions in recent months. >> ifill: the president pledged unwavering support for ukraine and it's incoming leader, as they battle an economic slide, and a pro-russian insurgency. >> we had the opportunity to discuss president elect poroshenko's plans for bringing peace and order to the east that is still experiencing conflict. we discussed his economic plans

and the importance of rooting out corruption, increasing transparency and creating new models of economic growth poroshenko, a billionaire chocolate maker, will take office this weekend. but it was president obama who brought the sweeteners today: loan guarantees and $5 million dollars in additional non-lethal military aid, plus training for troops and police. for his part, poroshenko talked of peace, not war. >> from the very beginning, from the very first day of inauguration we are ready to present the plan for peaceful regulation with situation in the east and we think that the next several days will be very important, crucial for ukrainian history and for the ukrainian perspective. >> ifill: poroshenko later said his "plan" would include granting amnesty for some fighters and de-centralizing power, a key demand of many in the east. as he spoke, heavy fighting

continued in his homeland. government forces near slavyansk claimed 300 separatists were killed over the last two days. and rebels captured three government bases around luhansk. officials said six of the insurgents and three ukrainian soldiers died in that fighting. back in warsaw, president obama cited poland as an example for ukraine. he addressed thousands of poles marking the 25th anniversary of their first free elections, even as the iron curtain was crumbling the president also said n.a.t.o. countries must reaffirm commitment to a common defense, as russia flexes its muscles anew. >> the days of empire and spheres of influence are over. bigger nations must not be allowed to bully of small or impose their will at the barrel of a gun or with masked men taking over buildings and the stroke of a pen can never legitimize the theft of a neighbor's land.

>> ifill: in berlin, german chancellor angela merkel reinforced that message, with an additional, specific warning for russia. >> ( translated ): with russia not securing it's borders enough. large numbers of fighters and ammunition are reaching the south east of ukraine which further contributes to the destabilization of its neighbor. if this doesn't happen, we won't shrink from imposing further sanctions >> ifill: but russian foreign minister sergey lavrov answered in moscow, and he had a decidedly different take. >> ( translated ): the western partners have promoted their own agenda, ignoring the interests of russia, expanding n.a.t.o. and seeking to move a geopolitical area under their control right to the russian border. >> ifill: in fact, it's unclear just how much n.a.t.o. will do. france says it will fulfill a multi-billion dollar contract with russia to supply it with amphibious carrier ships. and while more u.s. troops have deployed to poland, slovakia

joined the czech republic today in ruling out any n.a.t.o. units on its soil. both are members of the alliance, but retain close ties to russia. president obama has moved on to brussels and a meeting of the g- 7 nations, what used to be the g-8, until russia was suspended over its invasion and annexation of the ukrainian region of crimea. so, is putin isolated? is europe united? and how well is president obama walking that tightrope? for more on that, we turn to: david kramer, the president of freedom house. an organization that monitors democracy movements around the world. and heather conley, director of the europe program at the center for strategic and international studies. so hovering over all of this is vladimir putin, and whether he's present or absent, does it matter? does it cast a cloud, heather conley? >> it does. in fact, this trip for the president, just like his trip to europe in march, has been

shadowed by putin and what he's done in ukraine, and the end of the trip in normandy where president putin will be meeting with german chancellor merkel and david cameron, seems like the isolation policy has come to an end and looks as if european leaders are unwilling to take more difficult steps like tougher sanctions even though they're talking tough, taking that next step of harming european companies and european business just seems like a stretch too far, so the president has an enormous task on his hands in brussels at the g7 and in normandy to deep european solidarity against russian actions in ukraine together is going to be very difficult. >> ifill: david kramer, how do you see it? >> putin is in the headlines. last week, in the president's west point speech, he was talking about the u.s. led in isolating russia, and as heather

said, that isolation has come to an end. i think it has to be pointed to the french leadership by inviting putin to participate in the normandy exercises. to have russian forces in france, to train to use the amphibious ships france will sell and to continue to say they are going to sell them, also doesn't help for the president of the united states to talk about if russia shows more responsible behavior we might restore trust. russia has annexed crimea, has forces in ukraine, we'r we're sg an escalation and there need to be consequence force that. >> ifill: let's talk about what our allies are doing and whether we're speaking with one voice. the administration official traveling with the press today briefed on this and said something like, well, you know, we all have different things we have to do to deal with russia. we still have american companies doing business with russia, so it's not a complete shut-off and

france needs to do what it needs to do, germany needs to do what it needs to do and we'll all just do our part. you're saying that's not enough? >> i think this is the time for u.s. leadership. we should forget trying to have u.s. and e.u. steps together. they are not going to happen. i would like to see the u.s. move forward with more sanctions against russia. the e.u. is not going to do it. they are badly divided as w talked about germany and france. eastern and central europe is badly divided over the issues. the u.s. should lead, it's easier for the u.s. to do it and it should. >> ifill: a couple of weeks ago when angela merkel was here and they came out and drew a new line in the sand. they said it was no longer about whether to annex further territory that would bring on the sectoral sanctions, it's now whether they will hold the troops back from the border in time for the elections, and by all indications they did. why isn't this just an outcome of that kind of line in the

sand? >> part of the strategy was to get to the may 5 ukrainian election. >> ifill: right. n some ways we have been too transparent signaling to putin what exactly we expect. so we wanted him to acknowledge and recognize and respect the legitimacy of port-au-prince's election. we wanted him to remove russian troops from the ukrainian border and to stop destabilizing the situation. so president putin knows what he needs to do just enough to keep this europe deeply divided, as david said. we're signaling, already, about where our sanction's threshold is for the next section. we have to stop doing that. we know that russian weapons, russian troops are going across the border, this is how these pro russian separatists are so incredibly armed and led by russians. they're not taking any steps. in some ways ukraine is more unstable than it was before may 25. we haven't achieved those objectives --

>> ifill: which is opposite of what the administration says. i talked to john kerry last week and he said we succeeded in stopping russia stepping forward. >> i see it's the west that wants to deescalate this because it's going to take an enormous amount of attention by the european leaders and the united states to engage in this. this will take years of instability and require nato to have a much more robust president. that's why the president announced yesterday in warsaw a billion dollars for a reassurance initiative. we are going to be in this region. >> ifill: is that good news? t is good news because we need u.s. leadership in europe, absolutely. unfortunately, for many leaders that have strong domestic challenges, in the european parliament there's fragility, we have things to focus on, asia

and elsewhere. i hope we're in it for the long haul because the instability is deepening. >> ifill: the president is going to be in the same room as vladimir putin twice tomorrow at the meeting. is that significant? they're not telling us they're going to speak. >> there's no scheduled meeting between the two, i expect, since it's not a huge gathering, but they will have some exchange of a sort. putin denied russia is playing a role in eastern ukraine. you had the top nato military commander saying russia is continuing to destabilize ukraine, russian forces and back forces are there, contradicting what secretary kerry told you last year, the nato military commander thinks russia continues to destabilize ukraine. i don't know what quite we'll talk about with president putin, he continues to violate intersectioned norms and agreements, agreements and ukraine's integrity and sovereignty. >> ifill: moscow's not happy about the money spent for the

u.s. military alliance. >> nato enlargement is not a threat to russia and yet russia in its military doctrine in 2010 cited nato enlargement as the greatest danger to russia which is nonsense. >> make no mistake, russia will respond to nato as it continues to strengthen it's eastern border. it has to. article 5 obligations, an attack against one is an attack against all. we need to provide assurance to the ball tick states, poland and others that nato is real and will respond when an ally is threatened. but russia will respond, so russia is goicts in anticipation build the forces. so, again, as i mentioned, the tension, the instability, it's not deescalating. we're going to be in this period for quite some time and i hope the white house is fully prepared for this. the president's speech in warsaw today was very strong and powerful. now we need to see the

follow-up, the implementation and the policy focus to fulfill the speech. >> ifill: heather conley, center for strategic international studies and david kramer of freedom house. thank you both very much. >> thanks. >> woodruff: on friday, we're going to get the latest snapshot from the federal government about the state of the job market. a separate payroll report issued today found private companies created almost 180,000 jobs in may, fewer than in april. the unemployment rate remains very high for those under the age of 25: it's in the double digits and at higher rates for teens without degrees. the newshour's economics correspondent, paul solman, has a report about one program from an auto manufacturer that offers possibilities for some of those workers. it's part of his reporting on "making sense of financial news." >> reporter: the b.m.w. factory in spartanburg, south carolina,

b.m.w.'s only u.s. auto plant. built 20 years ago, mainly for access to the american market, it's now the sole production facility for their popular x- model line of luxury crossover suv's, 1,200 vehicles a day. but b.m.w.'s, and the occasional teutonic executive, aren't the only german imports around here. there's also apprenticeships. >> i actually grew up in germany in a little village and my daddy and my mom were of a blue collar background, so for them college was not something that they really envisioned for me. >> reporter: and so werner eikenbusch, b.m.w.'s head of workforce development for the americas, left high school in tenth grade for an apprenticeship, combining on- the-job training with vocational school. >> this german dual system has a long history in europe. it goes back hundreds of years, so it's really very much

embedded and it is actually a recognized, you could call it educational pathway, that, for whatever reason, did not make it over into the u.s. >> reporter: eikenbusch later became an engineer, rose through b.m.w.'s ranks. and a few years ago, unable to find enough skilled workers to fill jobs in the spartanburg plant, he helped set up an apprenticeship program modeled on the ones back home. at first, it was far from an easy sell. for one thing, german apprenticeships are associated with unions, a no-no in this famously "right to work" state. for the record, the b.m.w. plant is not unionized. for another thing... >> there's a little bit of a stigma with going into a manufacturing type career. >> reporter: ryan childers, a former production worker himself, now oversees the apprenticeship program. where does this stigma come from, do you think? >> maybe 30 years ago; the

textile industry, or industries of that nature, are pretty dark environment to work in, dirty environment. >> reporter: unlike modern auto plants. so childers hit the recruiting road, and still does, nearly every week, pitching the program at community colleges and high schools. at greenville high school's career day, the main competition was the military, walmart, and a small local chain of funeral homes. the b.m.w. program looked pretty good to these seniors: part-time work while getting an all-expenses paid associates degree at one of three area technical colleges, with the near guarantee of a job and further education down the road. >> i really got in touch with b.m.w. because i like the program they have. >> you don't get too many jobs start about $12. that's great pay for kids our age. >> reporter: it was a similar pitch that got amanda echols' attention while attending a radiology program.

>> they pay for your college, first of all, so you will get a degree when you're done. you make good money while going to college, i just could not see anybody turning it down really. >> reporter: but most people would turn it down. >> i don't think they really understand what it is. when they hear 'manufacturing' they think dirty, sweaty, nasty. i mean, i keep my hands clean all day long. they don't get dirty at all. >> reporter: it's the robots that get dirty here. 1,400 of them rule the roost, making much of the plant seem on automatic pilot. but there are also 8,000 jobs for humans, starting at $15 an hour, plus benefits. >> you get paid pretty good to be working on the line here. >> reporter: apprentice brian ordonez hopes to make robotics his career, thinks it's not so much threat as opportunity. >> you need a person to tell that robot what to do. and you need that person to fix it. >> reporter: well, maybe you will have robots that fix the other robots. >> what robot are you going to have to fix that robot that's

fixing the other robots? you need people; you need people to fix it. >> reporter: well, for the next few years, anyway. and since even the robots still need to wear protective sleeves in the paint shop, i suited up. >> you look just stunning. >> reporter: thank you, i've always wanted a white suit. >> reporter: dustin reid may be sartorially indiscriminate, but he knows from dirty jobs. after high school and the marines, he spent two years working in a scrap-yard, then four as a supervisor in a poultry processing plant he'd just as soon forget. >> manufacturing's really, really growing right now. >> reporter: but isn't the american dream to get a four- year college degree and then get a good job? >> there's a lot of the students nowadays that graduate with a four-year degree and can't find work. but with this two-year degree, i'm able to come and get a career for the rest of my life at a premier manufacturing company. pretty much speaks for itself. >> reporter: economist bob

lerman, who tagged along with us in south carolina, has been studying youth unemployment for decades. right now, even college grads under age 25 have a 50% chance of being un- or under-employed, and the long-term prospects are much worse for the one-third of young americans without any college at all. apprenticeships, lerman thinks, provide a ray of hope. >> it's the most promising thing i've seen for the broad problem of youth that are not succeeding in a four-year college. we talk all the time about people without jobs and jobs without people. >> reporter: brad neese runs apprenticeship carolina, a state funded office, founded in 2007, that helps employers set up registered apprenticeship programs. to sweeten the pot, south carolina offers a $1,000 per year tax credit per apprentice. but the companies bear most of the educational and training costs, which can run well over $50,000 a head.

>> we've built this thing from 777 apprentices to over 10,000 now. when we started it, we only had 90 companies. we now have 650 today. the reason we're growing is because the businesses are saying: we need a pipeline of talent. we need to grow our own. we can no longer find talent in the open market. >> reporter: even as u.s. unemployment has remained stubbornly high, employers, especially in manufacturing, complain they can't find enough qualified workers. so apprenticeship south carolina helps tailor the state technical college curriculum to each employer's needs, like this mechatronics program at greenville tech, used by bmw and others. do you worry at all that with industry so specifically running the show, it's somehow compromising the educational mission? >> so what if they're not

reading shakespeare? these guys want to work with their hands, so they want to get into the theoretical knowledge, not of the iambic pentameter, they want to get into the theoretical knowledge of ohm's law. i'm more of a hands on person, not sitting in the desk, writing and looking at a computer screen. >> reporter: brandon richards is an apprentice at united tool and mold in easley, which supplies bmw and other german companies, has modeled it's new apprenticeship program on theirs. >> it starts out with a paid associates degree and we also pay for their time when they sit in the class. if their hourly rate at the shop is $10 an hour, then they're going to make that $10 an hour while they're sitting in school. >> reporter: a third generation tool and die maker, production manager jeromy arnett is a true believer in apprenticeships. when he started here 16 years ago. >> i didn't know the difference between a drill and a reamer and an end mill. i see myself in those young kids and all they want is an opportunity. but don't have the skill sets.

>> reporter: but why, if apprenticeships are booming in the palmetto state, are they lagging everywhere else, down 40% nationwide in the last five years? >> i think a lot of it has to do with really the mindset. are you willing to think long term and invest in the front end, because you're going to have the return on the investment in the career of a successful and productive employee. it's just you have an up-front cost. >> reporter: bob lerman suggests another reason. >> unless you allow everybody to do the same thing. >> reporter: go to college for four years. >> go to college, you are reducing equality and people are very uncomfortable saying that my child will go to college, but your child might not go to college. and then there are people who don't even start college. and what are their options? they're not very good. >> reporter: so perhaps apprenticeship should be one of them. >> woodruff: paul has more with b.m.w.'s werner eikenbush, who gives his unique perspective on

management styles as a german working in the u.s. that's on "making sense." >> ifill: 25 years ago, pro- democracy protesters in beijing's tiananmen square were massacred in a government crackdown that captured the world's attention. but inside china itself, the the incident garnered little attention. and as jonathan rugman of independent television news reports, that hasn't changed. >> reporter: it is an event the chinese officially still call a counter revolutionary riot. hundreds if not thousands shot or bayoneted or crushed by the people's liberation army.

and no image of that pro- democracy movement is as iconic as this. a defiant lone protester, never identified, his fate still unknown after 25 years. these days tianamnmen square is the center of the world's biggest consumer market. what happened here pretty much airbrushed from history. the scandal of corruption still threatens china's one party state but not much else does. even the cemeteries where the tiananmen dead lie were blocked by police today. try searching the massacre date online and access to information is denied. in this surveillance society those who do remember know it is safer to forget. >> ( translated ): making a fuss about it for such a long time is meaningless. because china's system is different from the west. the population is huge, 1.4

billion. so if you want to govern it well, it is not easy. >> reporter: hu jia witnessed tiananmen as a teenager. now this notorious political activist is under house arrest again, sending channel 4 news this video despite the plainclothes policeman dozing outside his door. and though he can't mark this anniversary in the square himself, he believes change will come. >> ( translated ): we have to go through what happened in the square. like what happened in the soviet union. like the arab spring. the communist party is really worried. they have arrested a lot of people and they are under an incredible amount of pressure. >> reporter: in hong kong though, freedom still manages to flower. tonight's annual vigil was attended by a hundred thousand

or more. mainland chinese flocking to the only city where a demonstration like this would be allowed. there's been no official enquiry into what happened 25 years ago. but here at least the flame of remembrance burns brightly. >> ifill: jeffrey brown picks up the story from there. >> brown: so how are the events of 25 years ago viewed today in china? and how have those events helped shape today's china? for that we turn to louisa lim, who's covered china for the last decade, first for the b.b.c. and now for n.p.r. she's the author of "the people's republic of amnesia: tiananmen revisited." and chow chung is an adjunct professor at the university of california at berkeley. he's the founder and editor-in- chief of china digital times, a bilingual china news website. louisa lim, let me start with you. you used the word amnesia. you have a telling story in your book about taking an image, that famous photo we saw of the man standing in front of the tank, and showing it to a bunch of university students, most of them who didn't know what it

was. >> that's right, i took that picture and i took it around four beijing universities, those that have been most instrumental in the protests in 1989, and i showed it to 100 students, and i was really surprised at the level of ignorance. most of them looked at it with completely blank faces, no flicker of recognition whatsoever. people asked questions like is it kosovo, south korea? one said, looks like tiananmen square but it can't be. out of 100 students, only 15 recognized the image. that shows the chinese government enforcing amnesia on so many young people. >> brown: how important is the memory for dissidents in china and how strong is that dissident movement today? >> i would even say the

tiananmen generation is simply using the word dissidents. 25 years ago, that was an entire generation of chinese, even just college students alone, it's nationwide participating in the pro-democracy demonstration, and beijing, there's millions and millions of citizens, too, and nationwide. so all of these people, most of us, are alive, and have the real remembrance. but it's been brutally suppressed, and then 25 years later, this trauma and this memory, where does it exactly go? it's a question of -- to answer many questions -- it's a question that needs to be answered, but it's also the answer will tell us where china is going to go tomorrow. let's say louisa's question, many young generations don't know about tiananmen square. that is quite true if you go to

china and visit a lot of people, you will find the chinese communist party did a good job on that. but, on the other hand, on the internet, you will see the fear of the party, the over 155 key words being banned relating to the tiananmen massacre, including the word -- the chinese word for "today." if you search tiananmen today on the internet, will surface memorial discussions and articles, therefore, they ban the search word. >> brown: you use the term "pivot." you talk about tiananmen as kind of a key pivot leading from one china to today's china. in what day does it still move on, reverberate and shape what china is today? >> well, i think the party's

post tiananmen strategy was absolutely instrumental in shaping the china we see today. you know, the decision was made to allow economic legalization without political reform and that is the path that china follows to this day. the leader at the time made the decision more patriotic education was needed among the youth. that was his only regret. he thought that was the biggest lesson of tiananmen, that they needed to know more about the country, what it had been in the past and what it was at the time. they started this enormous patriotic campaign which produced this generation of young nationalists we see today. the other big legacy from 1989 was the birth of the apparatus which included monitoring the internet and censoring it and

putting dissidents under house arrest or surveillance to stop mass incidents like tiananmen from happening again. >> brown: we offer the term "grand bargain" especially for young people, younger generations of being offered a kind of economic prosperity in exchange for, in essence, giving up a kind of political freedom. is that how all this has felt or worked out for younger generation today? >> that is a part of the story, it's a look at china in the past 25 years. but i must say, tiananmen is an unfolding story. we have not seen the real ending yet. it is only work so much. where is increasing economic and social freedom with a new individualestic generations growing up and becoming mature and becoming more middle class,

and the more demand for political participation and freedom of expression and association is growing in china and especially through the internet and the cell phones to facilitate such demand and voices, and i can see that as a trend over the past decade, clearly. so even there is a party's effort that to erase the memory, but there is another trend which has countered that and eventually will prevail which is the people, including chinese people, have to live in the truth. they cannot completely forget this part of history because it's right at the heart of the nation's soul. >> brown: louisa, did you see that in your reporting for this book, that the economic aspirations are leading to more political aspirations as well? >> yes. i mean, there is certainly we

are seeing a great deal more of mass incidents as the chinese you have mystically called protests bursting out all over china. the last for which there were official figures were 2010 and there were 180,000 protests in china. i mean, the issues, some of them are different from the issues back in 1989. nowadays, there are a lot of protests about land seizures, about environmental problems. but then some of the issues are the same, demand for more political participation, protests against local corruption, against abusive power and against official profiteering. and i think that is one reason why tiananmen and the events ofo 1989 remain so potent today, the demands of those protesters marching in 1989 are still unrealized, and then more pressing than ever today. >> brown: all right.

we'll leave it there. louisa lim and >> woodruff: we'll be right back with a look at yesterday's primary results.

>> woodruff: and now to politics. primary elections took place in eight states last night with results in key senate races in mississippi and iowa. both could determine control of the u.s. senate, but in very different ways. here to break it down for us again is our political editor, domenico montanaro. so let's start with mississippi where you had thad up against a tea party challenger and -- >> it was four decades, he's been around for 42 years in

congress, and that's been part of the problem. and what happened was a lot of these outside groups, tea party-backed, some of the more conservative groups decided they needed to find somebody who they felt like was a good target for them, lined of like richard lugar in indiana in 2012, and they found it with cochran. they highlighted some of his votes and outspent him on tv and made his life difficult and now we have a do-over race. >> woodruff: and a race where the tea party sees this may be their best chance because they've had a rough ride trying to win some of the other primaries. >> this is kind of like a last chance. i talked to haley barbour today, the former governor of mississippi, who said people need to be reminded the outside groups are there, they're not concerned about mississippi, that chris mcdaniel who is the state senator going against

cochran, it would be against all federal funding for education, for example, and they really feel like the grounding was part of the problem for cochran. only about ten days ago we learned that the national republican senate committee was able to get into mississippi to help out when they found that the ground game was kind of non-existent. without that you may have had cochran lose last night. we got to this point where he is just below 50 because a third candidate wound up with 1.5%. they have to get to 50%. so we'll have three more weeks of this. one operative tonight told me they expect $5 million to $7 million more spent between both sides over just the next three weeks in mississippi, which is a very inexpensive state to spend in. >> woodruff: are established republicans going to be as excited about supporting thad cochran now that he's in the runoff? >> that's? $7 million question. the problem is the tea party

activists will be there. you're see ago lot of hang wringing among establishment groups, do they want to spend the money if they think mcdaniel will win. the nrc is all in for cochran. they won't say they will support mcdaniel if he winds up winning. they want to put as many resources as possible into the ground game, knock on doors, remind people of mcdaniel's record, because they really see this as race that could hinge on senate control and determine senate control because they feel like past controversial statements mcdaniel has made could wind up hurting other uh republicans throughout the country, not just give democrats a chance in mississippi. >> woodruff: a different situation in iowa where you have an open seat, one of the most liberal democrats in the country, tom harkin, retiring, leaving it open. the republican race, you've got a large number of candidates in the race, and the republican with i guess the most memorable television ad is the one who won more than 50% of the vote. >> absolutely.

you know, we were talking about whether or not she would get past the 35% threshold to avoid a state convention where party activists would pick the nominee, about 2,000. ernst won the vote. mark jacobs was in third. he was a guy a lot of republicans in washington thought would be the person to emerge, but with nimble campaigning, janie ernst separated herself. >> woodruff: what kind of contest are people expecting between she and bruce? >> bruce is favored to replace tom harkin who was one of the architects of president obama's healthcare law. this is a state that demographically favors democrats a bit more, of course, than mississippi. president obama won the state twice. there's 40% of the state that

are independent or unaffiliated with democrats or republicans, and that's where this battle is going to be fought. republicans feel like this ernst can use the message of conservative woman who was a soldier and a mom, that that can really win over some of those independents, and brailey hoping at the same time some of the demographics of the state help him. >> woodruff: we'll be watching. domenico montanaro, thank you. >> ifill: again, the other major developments of the day. the taliban apparently taped a video showing the release of u.s. army sergeant bowe bergdahl last saturday, as questions continued about his capture and the deal that won his freedom. and president obama met with the incoming president of ukraine in poland and promised u.s. support. and late today, an attorney for donald sterling said he's now agreed to sell the los angeles clippers basketball team and

drop a lawsuit against the n.b.a. >> woodruff: on the newshour online right now, from the looks of it, there's a party going on in deep space and n.a.s.a.'s hubble telescope has the photos. the agency released it's latest composite image and the confetti-like snapshot shows the broadest spectrum of color from this region to date. see it for yourself, on our science page. all that and more is on our web site, newshour.pbs.org. >> ifill: and that's the newshour for tonight. on thursday we delve into a former u.s. attorney's investigation into how general motors mishandled the recall of millions of it's cars. i'm gwen ifill. >> woodruff: and i'm judy woodruff. we'll see you on-line and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us here at the pbs newshour, thank you and good night. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by:

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. this is "nightly business report" with tyler mathisen and susie gharib. fizzle or the economy growing again? not at the pace that experts had been hoping for and that could have an impact on your money. data discrepancies, why did more than 2 million people that affordable care act be under risk of losing it. >> and popping up in the desert, changing the way we use fuel. good evening, everyone, and welcome. it was another record close for the s&p 500, the fourth one in the past five sessions and the 16th of the year so far. and all