captioning sponsored by macneil/lehrer productions >> ifill: in baghdad today, secretary of state john kerry urged iraq's embattled prime minister and other political leaders to form a more inclusive government, and stand together in the face of a rising sunni insurgency. good evening, i'm gwen ifill. >> woodruff: and i'm judy woodruff. also ahead this monday, three al-jazeera journalists were convicted on terrorism charges in egypt, capping a trial dismissed by western officials and rights groups as a sham and a threat to press freedoms there. >> ifill: plus, from teaching bookkeeping, to showing how to give a firm handshake. the story of a career training program called "year up," that helps young adults get a head start in their job search.

>> i've always been criticized for talking in school, but "year up" was like, no, no, use that as a strength, you have to really sell yourself. you have that ability to speak to people and some people don't have those skills >> ifill: those are just some of the stories we're covering on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> i've been around long enough to recognize the people who are out there owning it. the ones getting involved, staying engaged. they are not afraid to question the path they're on. because the one question they never want to ask is, "how did i end up here?" i started schwab with those people. people who want to take ownership of their investments, like they do in every other aspect of their lives. >> when i was pregnant, i got more advice than i knew what to do with.

what i needed was information i could trust, on how to take care of me and my baby. united healthcare has a simple program that helps moms stay on track with their doctors and get care and guidance they can use before and after the baby is born. simple is what i need right now. >> that's health in numbers, united healthcare >> supported by the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation. committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful world. more information at macfound.org >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and... >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs

station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: pro-russian rebels in ukraine promised today to honor a cease-fire with government forces. that came as president obama and russian president vladimir putin issued competing demands in a phone call. white house officials said mr. obama urged russia to stop letting arms flow to the rebels. the kremlin said putin demanded ukraine's government talk directly with the separatists. >> ifill: syria handed over the last of its declared chemical weapons today. the head of the international agency overseeing the effort said the stockpile included mustard gas and the raw ingredients for sarin nerve gas. it was loaded onto danish and norwegian ships and is set to be destroyed in the coming weeks >> never before has an entire arsenal of a category of weapons of mass destruction been removed from a country experiencing a

state of internal armed conflict. and this has been accomplished within very demanding and tight time frames. >> ifill: the agency acknowledged it's entirely possible that syria still has chemical weapons that it never declared and chlorine gas that is still being used in barrel bombs. >> woodruff: israeli warplanes struck inside syria today. they targeted nine army positions, including a headquarters facility and launching posts. the syrian government reported four killed. the air strikes followed sunday's cross-border attack that killed an arab-israeli teenager in the golan heights. back in this country, the obama administration made public a secret memo that justifies using unmanned drones to kill americans overseas. it says the government may attack u.s. citizens working with enemy groups like al-qaeda. a federal appeals court ordered the memo's release in response to a lawsuit. >> ifill: the supreme court today upheld the government's basic authority to regulate

greenhouse gas emissions from coal-fired plants. but the court also found the e.p.a. went too far in expanding its regulatory reach without congressional approval. the upshot is that industrial sites may still need permits for greenhouse emissions, if they also need permits for other pollutants. >> woodruff: a nationwide f.b.i. operation over the past week has recovered 168 victims of child sex trafficking. f.b.i. director james comey announced results today of an operation spanning more than 100 cities. the children are americans and many had never been reported missing. comey also said 281 alleged pimps are in custody. >> there's a risk people will imagine these folks as some tv characters. they are not. they are people who are killing the souls of our children, who by their actions are snuffing the light out of the most vulnerable and most promising of our people. the lesson of operation cross country is that our children are

not for sale. >> woodruff: this is the eighth operation of it's kind since 2003. overall, almost 3,600 children have been recovered from the streets. >> ifill: a much-anticipated report today found former penn state football coach jerry sandusky should have been charged with molesting children long before 2011. the report was commissioned by democratic state attorney general kathleen kane. it faulted police and prosecutors for lapses of at least three years in the investigation. kane said a search of sandusky's home, and other steps, should have occurred sooner. >> this factual report indicates that there were long periods of time where nothing happened. there were long periods of delays that we can't explain. this report also indicates factually that key investigative steps were not taken early on, for example the search warrant, and because of that the case took longer than it could have or should have.

>> ifill: the report cleared republican governor tom corbett of stalling the case for political reasons when he was attorney general. sandusky is serving a 30 to 60 year sentence for molesting ten boys over a 15 year period >> woodruff: president obama today publicly advocated for american women having access to paid maternity leave from their jobs. at a white house summit on families, he said the u.s. is the only industrialized country without such a law. no new legislation was announced, but the president also encouraged employers to offer more flexible work schedules. >> ifill: honda and six other auto-makers are recalling almost three million more cars worldwide because their airbags can explode in hot weather. the focus is on older-model, driver-side airbags, made by takata corporation. the problem has led to recalls of 10.5 million vehicles over five years. there've been several reports of injuries. >> woodruff: wall street mostly

lost ground for the first time in seven trading days. the dow jones industrial average slid nearly 10 points to close at 16,937. the s-and-p 500 was down a fraction, at 1,962. but the nasdaq rose a fraction to close at 4,368. >> ifill: a well-known middle east scholar, fouad ajami, has died. he passed away sunday after a lengthy bout with cancer. ajami was a senior fellow at the hoover institution at stanford university and advised the bush administration in the build-up to the iraq war. over the years, he was also a frequent guest on the newshour. fouad ajami was 68 years old. >> woodruff: still to come on the newshour: the u.s. puts pressure on iraq's embattled prime minister; controversial convictions for three al jazeera journalists in egypt; a preview of tomorrow's slate of congressional primaries; teaching young adults the skills to get ahead in the job search; the ecstasy and heartbreak so far at the world cup; plus, one documentary's look at

the high cost of an american college education. >> ifill: secretary of state john kerry arrived in iraq today to deliver the obama administration's message of political reform to prime minister nouril-maliki face to face. >> this is a critical moment for iraq's future. >> ifill: secretary of state john kerry stayed only a few hours in baghdad, but it was long enough to deliver a stern warning to the shiite-led government, battling isil, the islamic state of iraq and the levant. >> the very future of iraq depends on choices that will be made in the next days and weeks. and the future of iraq depends primarily on the ability of iraq's leaders to come together and take a stand united against isil. not next week, not next month but now.

>> ifill: kerry urged prime minister nouri al-maliki and others to form a more inclusive government. but, he suggested president obama might not wait for that event before launching air strikes. >> the president will not be hampered if he deems it necessary if the formation is not complete. >> ifill: the visit came as isil and other sunni fighters extended their grip over the weekend. they have now captured 20 towns and cities in a drive across northern and western iraq. government forces have also lost control of the entire frontier with syria and jordan. today, witnesses reported troops abandoned posts along the border with jordan, turning busy trade routes into ghost towns. >> ( translated ): the army is retreating from the border, the border point is not stable, the situation is unstable. only the police remain at the border. when we came here yesterday the

iraqi police were the ones who stamped my passport. >> ifill: sunni tribal leaders near the jordanian border were negotiating to give isil control of a key crossing. that prompted jordan to send its own military reinforcements to the region. insurgents also took over additional towns across iraq's anbar province, and amateur video showed armed men patrolling the streets. the scene was similar to the north in mosul. isil fighters seized control there two weeks ago. today, they directed traffic and passed out copies of the koran to drivers. elsewhere, iraqi troops were still putting up a fight at baqouba, less than 40 miles outside baghdad. and, as the battles raged ever closer to the capital, more iraqi shia lined up at military recruitment centers across baghdad. >> ( translated ): i came to defend my country to fight

against terrorism that came from outside the country and not against our brothers the sunnis, the turkmen, the kurds. we came to cut the heads of those who came from outside to destroy our country. >> ifill: thousands of others are choosing to flee the violence. the united nations reports more than half a million iraqis have been driven from their homes in the last week alone. >> woodruff: elsewhere in the middle east three al-jazeera journalists learned their fate in a cairo courtroom today, sparking an international outcry. jeffrey brown has the story. >> brown: tanks were deployed and tight security in place for the reading of the verdicts, after a five-month trial that was widely-denounced outside egypt as a sham. >> ( translated ): seven years of maximum jail time. >> brown: the sentences for mohamed fadel-fahmy, a canadian- egyptian; australian

correspondent peter greste; and egyptian baher mohamed, who received ten years, led to pandemonium at the court. 17 co-defendants were also sentenced. fahmy, a former c.n.n. producer, was heard yelling "they will pay for this" as he and the others were taken away. his brother, adel fadel-fahmy: >> this is clear cut corruption; it is a corrupt and politicized case and everything is wrong in this case. >> brown: fahmy's family vowed to appeal, as did peter greste's brother, mike. >> wrong verdict. i do not know how the judge came to that decision, i'd be very interested to hear his reasons for giving that verdict. it does not make any sense. >> brown: the three journalists were arrested last december and accused of aiding the muslim brotherhood by reporting on

civil strife in egypt. the brotherhood had been banned as a terrorist group. at the time, the journalists were working under cover because the government had accused al- jazeera of pro-brotherhood bias. last week, the company terminated its operations in egypt. al jazeera is owned by the government of qatar; the gulf emirate is a political supporter of the muslim brotherhood, but the network denies any charges of bias. >> today was a really grim day for journalists and journalism. >> brown: it's managing director spoke in doha. >> people who respect freedom of expression, people who respect basic freedoms should say, "no, enough is enough." governments who deal with egypt should recognize the injustice of what took place in cairo today. >> brown: official denunciations also poured in from around the world. this was secretary of state kerry, from baghdad. >> it's obviously a chilling and draconian sentence and, you know, it's deeply disturbing to

see in the midst of egypt's transition. >> brown: egypt's foreign >> brown: just a day earlier, secretary kerry visited egypt, with word the u.s. is releasing $575 million in assistance that had been on hold, and that egypt will be getting apache helicopter gun-ships to fight insurgents in the sinai region. the secretary met with president abdel fattah al-sisi, among others. last year, the former army leader ousted egypt's first democratically-elected president, mohamed morsi of the muslim brotherhood, and last month, he was elected president himself. all the while, a crackdown on political opponents has intensified. alaa abdel-fattah, a leader of the january 2011 revolution, was sentenced last week to 15 years for violating a ban on protests. and on saturday, mohammed badie, the supreme guide of the muslim brotherhood, had his death sentence upheld along with nearly 200 supporters. >> brown: we invited egypt's ambassador to washington to

appear on tonight's program. the embassy declined our request. joining me now to discuss what today's ruling means is michele dunne, a senior associate at the carnegie endowment for peace and michael hanna, a senior fellow at the century foundation. so michael-a, how much gow see this as part of a general crackdown on journalists an how much is aimed specifically at al jazeera? >> well, this is clearly part of a broader pattern which descent and protes protest-- dissent and protest have been targeted and that is a big part of the story. this is the most high profile case of the whole series of cases. some of which have targeted protest leaders, activists, egyptian journalists. so this is part of a broader wave of oppressive actions that have been taken since the ouster of morsi last summer. i think geo politics is part of this story as well. al jazeera arabic coverage has been quite biased but of course has not risen to any kind of criminality.

but that does explain why all jazeera english was targeted by-- in-- it has also made it much more difficult to unwind the case, to try to negotiate some sort of resolution to the imprisonment of these journalists. >> michele dunne, how do you see what has happened to these journalists. >> i agree with what michael said. i think another aspect of the case is the attempt by egyptian officials lead by president sisi to control the narrative of what is going on whether it is inside egypt or for the audience abroad. so inside egypt this trial and this prosecution which started in january with a company-- was accompanied by a demonization campaign and the journalists were accused of either being members of the brotherhood or spying for the brotherhood. and in terms of the audience abroad, it's also intended to be a signal to other foreign journalists. egyptian observations had really objected to the

negative stories that had been coming out about the human right as buses in egypt as part of this very broad crackdown that's been going on for years now. >> let me ask you this. how much does it, if anything, tell us about the still developing egypt and the power of president sisi. is he the one controlling the verdict like this or is this done by the judiciary or others? >> well, we really don't know whether there are any instructions to judges and so forth on how to rule in these case. but we can say a couple of thintions. one of them is that these cases come out of the egyptian government it came out of egyptian intelligence, the interior ministry and so forth. and they played a very active role. back at the beginning of this case of the al jazeera journalists they released a individual yof their arrest set to kind of scary music and so forth. and put it out, in order to demonize al jazz eerza. and basically convince egyptians not to listen to what al jazeera was saying. the other thing is that whether or not there is any

direct involvement or instructions by sisi or others in the go shape-- egyptian government, certainly all the signals that president sisi has sent, everything he says is in line with this. very, very harsh, anti-descent, anti-brotherhood, that the brotherhood terrorists and so forth. so you know, the judges it if they're looking for political signals on how to rule in these cases, i think it would be clear. >> michael hanna, what do you think this tells us about the present state of affairs in egypt? >> well, since the overthrow of mubarak i think we've seen a state that has fractured. lots of autonomy has been invested within individual institutions and it's created a somewhat chaotic scene in which red lines is have been crossed and pot percent of certain institutions are somewhat unclear. i agree with michelle that the military backed political order has created and an enabling environment in which oppression has flourished and i do think that it's very difficult to

pars out how things happen and why. i do know that there was a severe disagreements within the egyptian government, at fairly high levels when the al jazeera english journalists were arrested. of course to try to unwind this kind of case requires the expenditure of a lot of political capitol and a very big political fight that no players have as of yet taken up the challenge to accomplish. >> an michele dunne you're saying the condemnation that came really loud and strong, within the country they don't care or they just, this is still a kind of power-fixing within the country? >> well, look, certainly there are egyptians who care about this. and i'm sure are horrified by it. but in terms of within the egyptian government we have seen since the military unseeded-- unseated president morsi last summer a real return of the deep state, the security apparatus, the interior

ministry, intelligence and so forth. these parts of the egyptian government were back on their heels after the 2011 uprising. but they are back. and are very powerful. and they are the ones who have been driving this forward. >> affecting all kinds of dissent. >> michael hanna what about all this for the u.s. as we said, it was just yesterday that secretary kerry was there and seeming to sort of reconnect between the two countries, right? >> well, the decision had been made weeks prior. but clearly the optics were very bad for the united states. u.s. policy seems to have become more modest and is now more narrowly focused on regional security interests and the strategic relationship with egypt. but developments in the country have been routinely negative and the course correction that i think many are hoping for under president sisi has yet to materialize and a decision like today's coming on the heels of secretary kerry's

visit puts the united states in an awkward light and puts a lot of pressure on the kinds of policy shifts that are being made right now. >> does it, michele dunne to affect u.s. policy towards egypt? >> i think right now secretary kerry's visit and his attempt to get the aid started again has been just trying to get things back into the same pattern they were in before the coup. and to get the arms purchases going again. and so forth. but there is some rethinking it. i would say particularly on capitol hill. a bill came out in the senate this week that would cut part of the military aid to egypt. there is some discussion that perhaps this relationship has become imbalanced. the united states has invested very heavily in the egyptian military. tens of billions of dollars of assistance and much less so at least in recent years on the egyptian economy and people there are starting to be some questions about whether the united states has the right balance going.

>> brown: let me ask you briefly michelee dunne there is president of a pardon. >> it is possible but it is rare. egyptian presidents don't do this very often. and especially not in high profile cases. >> brown: michelee dunne, michael hanna, thank you both very much. >> thank you, jeff. >> thank you >> woodruff: tomorrow brings another set of party primary elections across the country. there are key races to watch in seven states, including mississippi and new york. but since house majority leader eric cantor's loss in the republican primary in virginia two weeks ago, incumbents all over the country are taking no chances. here to talk with us again, is the newshour's political editor, domenico montanaro. welcome babs. >> thank you. >> woodruff: so the reverberation of the eric cantor losing being felt all

over and maybe more than anyplace else in mississippi. >> absolutely. this has really given long shot candidates everywhere the hope that they have been looking for. they're raising money off of this in all kinds of states all over the place. you talked about mississippi. we've been watching whether or not incumbent cochran could wind up lossing to state senator chris mcdaniel, the tea party challenger he has there he got into this runoff after not being able to get to the 50% threshold june 3rd. now there's been a whole slew of things that have been happening between these two can the das pluing cochran now feeling like he needs to reach out to black voters and democrats to try to convince them to put him over the top which is really difficult thing for republicans to do no question about it. >> woodruff: so what is his strategy. mississippi very conservative state, mcdaniel fresh face. senator cochran has been around a long time. >> well, the first thing was you saw haley barbour, a big

cochran ally say look, you don't need this guy mcdaniel in there because he's going to be against all-- for example, federal funding of education. well, funny things happened over the last couple of weeks because mcdaniel has backtracked on that statement. so you've actually had batt candidates kind of become a little more liberal, oddly. >> woodruff: well, so that's in the south. and let's quickly talk about two other races, move all the way up north to new york state. it's i guess the central part of the date, utica, binghamton this is a race, another republican incumbent, he hasn't been around as long as cochran but he is a congressman facing a conservative challenge. >> two term congressman richard hanna going up against a state representative named claudia penney, nobody else has taken up this brat pack mentality is what she's calling it. she says she wants to be part of the brat pack because dave brat is who wound up taking out eric cantor. she has raised a whole lot

of money off of this. she has had a lot of support from some talk radio hosts who said is, you know, hanna going to become the next eric cantor and she tweeted out a message saying yes, we think he is the interesting thing here this is a real swing district, actually. this is a district mitt romney only won 49.2 to 48.8% over president obama. and democrats did not even feel the candidate. they missed the deadline so this is it. >> so if she wins that gives the democrats a little bit of hope. >> it could. but they didn't feel the candidate so they are actually, they're out of it. so you know -- >> you mean it's too late. >> it's too late. they missed the filing deadline that is one reason why a whole lot of life as people say is showing up. >> all right, let's talk about one other new york district and that's in new york city manhattan, harlem, some of the bronx and that's long time democratic incumbent charlie rangal. now here say democratic incumbent who is facing a challenge. >> right so, we're seeing a

little bit of an anti-incumbent wave as we've been talking about if this winds up happening here where charlie rangel could lose. part of the issue for rangel is he has this three-way race where you've goes charlie rangel against state senator adrinaa espayote who would be the first dominican to make it into congress and then a popular black pastor in the district michael wallrun. and he took a church that only had about 300 members out to now 9,000. and the whole harlem political machine that charlie rangel has really been in charge of for a long time has really tried to put a lot of pressure on him to get out of the race and he's refusing to do so. so the rangel folks are worried cosiphon off some of the black vote, especially now when this district has changed as much as it has. because this district used to be-- . >> woodruff: let's look at the map. >> this district used to be majority african-american through harlem but you can see the green section plus the blue used to be what the district was before redistricting.

then what happened was they added these purple sections up top in the bronx which is a little bit-- was a lot more heavily latino so you took a district that was, you know, 46% hispanic, now it's 55% hispanic. 40% of the district foreign born, most of that is dominican. so that is really where, you know, rangel only pete espayote by about a thousand votes last time, and immigration has only group saend 84 years old, served since 1971. and she has really tried, as well as wallrun to say this guy has been around too long. >> quickly what is the argument that rangel is making. >> the argument he is making is look, i've been here yes, there was a censure in 2011 where he, you know, didn't get-- he was hit for not paying taxes on a dominican villa. but he says you know, he has the power and connections in washington d.c. to be able to still get things done in his district even though he's not a you laed that seniority still. he says this is my last term. he wants to serve out what

he sees as a book end with president obama leaving, having been there for civil rights movement all the way through, wants to end is here. >> fascinating incumbents in both parties, biting their fingernails. >> really going to give us an important look on whether or not they can survive this time and whether or not the cantor thing was just an aberration or a trend. >> thank you. >> thank you. >> ifill: summer may be here, but teenagers and young adults are still looking for work. economics correspondent paul solman has a story about one training program designed to help that part of the workforce. and it's finding a good measure of success. it's part of his ongoing reporting: "making sense of financial news." >> if you're not around the type of people who are supporting you and pushing you to go to school and get a job and, and succeed in that way then it's gonna be very hard for you to do so. >> reporter: 23-year-old daniel

alexandre is the youngest of six. his parents were boston bus drivers. >> resources started to become depleted as i got older, i myself lived in my car for a while, i still love my family, it's just if they can't help me, they can't help me. >> reporter: alexandre graduated high school and then worked odd jobs to get by. now he's enro at year up, a career development program for urban young adults. it starts with a six month-crash course in job skills, like accounting. >> so if you put in accounts payable instead of accounts receivable, what's gonna happen? >> reporter: double entry bookkeeping, via monopoly. >> b&o is available, why is it credit? >> because we're giving it to you. >> correct. >> reporter: but, crucially: soft skills too. >> i want everyone to start reading their song right now. >> reporter: the lesson of dissonance? you'll soon discover someone singing the same tune and you'll

learn the value of harmony half a year's training is followed by a six month paid internship, designed as entry to a secure, well-paying job. it's a quarry so elusive that some six million 18-24 year-old inner city high school grads are now neither employed nor in school. year up has taught the very basics ever since we first visited five-plus years ago: eye contact; a firm handshake. but with the crash of '08, it's students faced the toughest job market since the great depression. so how'd they do? >> we placed every student in july of 2009 into an internship. >> reporter: and, says ceo gerald chertavian, year up itself has doubled in size, and

is now in 12 cities. >> the fact that we continued to grow during that period showed me, if we can connect supply of talented young people with demand for skills, we have a long term positive business proposition, and a program that serves the needs of our primary stakeholder, our student. >> reporter: and serves employers who complain, at least when we interview them, about sluggish, feckless, unready job aspirants. >> we're helping young adults develop those skills, and even beat college grads on that very measure of are they professional. >> reporter: after high school 21-year-old shawqueelah boyce couldn't afford college, couldn't find work. >> i applied to jobs in an office setting and i don't have any experience so then it's okay, you know, i can apply to retail stores or things like that because that's what'll take me and then it's kind of a dead end because the job is not paying you enough to go to school and then you need to work more so you can't go to school. so it's kind of uh there's no

way out. >> reporter: boyce thinks year up is her way up and out. she's now an information technology intern at the federal reserve bank of boston, a pipe dream without the program, says daniel alexandre. >> one of the things that they stress is that they only spend 10 to 15 seconds looking over each individual resume. >> reporter: you mean an employer? >> right. you see a name as an employer, shaquilla from dorchester, who doesn't have a college degree. that just chopped down my 15 seconds of scanning this interview to zero, you know. i'm gonna pass it over because society has told me that people with that kind of name from that type of background, they're not going to do much. they're probably gonna come late to work, there's just a whole mountain of perceptions that we have to jump over to even be considered in some of these work spaces. >> reporter: the name shaquilla, is a real handicap? >> when i applied to jobs, my middle name is shannon, i would put shannon instead of shaquilla and i got more call backs from

before. >> reporter: for daniel alexandre, a key take-away from training so far is the value of knowing your audience when it comes to self presentation. >> my friends don't think that way at all. they don't understand the importance of matching the person across from you, their body language, or understanding the importance of being intentional in everything that you say and do so that that person walks away believing what you want them to believe about you as opposed to what they might already be feeling about you once you walked into the room. >> reporter: they don't have the mindset of putting themselves in the other person's shoes? >> no, not at all. their thought most of the time is, i need a job, i need to eat, can you help me, this is who i am, can you help me? >> reporter: many also don't have the mindset of due diligence when faced with tough tasks in school. so the stipend year up pays during training is docked if

you're late to class or don't do homework. >> write down a couple of actions you're going to take to make sure your performance is strong. >> reporter: and staff never rests. >> my advisor checks on me more than some of my friends do. it's just, "how are you? do you need anything? do you need to talk? what's different? what's going on?" >> reporter: all this effort, at a cost of $26,000 per student per year at sites like this, to close the so-called skills gap between nearly 10 million unemployed americans and the more than a million jobs employers say they can't fill. stephanie pinto completed year up last year. >> there's these employers seeking talented people, then there's the young adults who want that job, but how do they get it? and that's where i see year up as an amazing like glue stick, you know? we're gluing those people to those jobs like we're giving

them that training, the skills that they need to get there. >> reporter: but the skills in the skills gap don't seem that hard to tap. after her internship at state street financial, pinto was hired permanently as a pricing specialist. why? >> i'm a good talker, i mean i've always been criticized for talking in school you know during elementary you had, "don't talk, don't talk" so i'm like, wow i'm i talk too much but year up was like, no, no, use that as a strength like you have to really sell yourself and you have that ability to speak to people and some people don't have those skills. >> reporter: so if pinto already had the ability to rise, are year up's students simply different? is year up cherry picking, in the sense that you're picking, the people who are most likely to succeed anyway? >> we're categorically not cherry picking, and have proved that via randomized controlled trial. we worked with young people,

some went through year up, some we just followed, right, all were admitted, and the reality was the ones who went through year up had some of the highest increase in wages of any youth development program that we've seen in the last twenty years. >> reporter: 85% of year up's graduates are now enrolled in college or employed, earning, on average, $30,000 a year. of course, the program can't help everyone who enrolls. about a quarter of each class drops out. >> if someone says i do not want to put in the effort, i don't want to show up on time every day, i don't want to work hard, then you would not be able to be successful in this program. >> reporter: and after nearly 14 years in business, year up has managed to serve only 9400 students, .2% of it's target population. but chertavian, and the students, claim that nearly all inner city young adults would be successful, with just one year

of intensive grooming. >> ifill: this world cup, and the interest surrounding the u.s. team, is drawing big numbers. more than 24 million watched yesterday, making it the most watched soccer match in america ever, 18 million on espn, and six million more on univision. that's more viewers than for game three of the world series, or the 2012 rose bowl. and the outcome was more dramatic than either of those big ticket sporting events. >> ifill: a collective groan of disbelief echoed through downtown chicago sunday evening. as thousands of u.s. soccer fans watched portugal snatch away an american victory with less than a minute left in the match, ending the game in a two-two draw. a win by the american squad would have carried them into the

next round of the world cup. after the game, u.s. goalkeeper >> ifill: just 15 minutes before portugal tied the match, u.s. fans across the country cheered as american team captain clint dempsey put his team ahead 2-1, not knowing the result wouldn't last for long. team u.s.a. next faces off against germany on thursday. in brazil, fans of the red, white and blue remained optimistic. >> i thought we were going to win, but in the last couple of minutes they made a goal, that's soccer. but now we've just got to win or tie against germany and we will be still looking pretty. >> ifill: sunday's nail-biter was just the latest match that kept fans on the edge of their seats throughout the first- round. only a handful of teams have been eliminated, and television ratings have hit record highs. -- does a path to victory or at least survival exist for america's new sporting obsession? we're joined again by matthew futterman of "the wall street journal". he is in brazil and he attended yesterday's breathtaking match.

matt, it seems to us here that this was even more exciting than usual. >> yeah, this was a pretty stunning match up in the am zon the capitol of the amazon where it was scorchingly hot. the players really suffering on the field there but really playing literally until the very last breath. looked like the americans were going to eke out the victory. and then portugal scored that last second goal and if there is such a thing as a brutal heartbreaking draw, this was one. >> it's one thing to sit in a barratt home or in your easy chair an watch this kind of game and scream along. it is another thing to be in the stadium right there. was it as dramatic there as it seemed here? >> yeah, absolutely. i mean there were thousands of americans in that stadium but also you know, brazil shared a language with portugal and this was a very portuguese sent rick crowd. every time christian reynaldo touched the ball

they were screaming for him, urging portugal on. they loved that team. they wanted to see them survive. and they're still alive, portugal, but just by the skin of their teeth. they really needed a win yesterday. and you know, give credit to the americans. no one gave them a chance to get out of what everyone called the group of death heading into this tournament. and here they are all they need is a draw or a win on thursday against germany and they'll move on. >> i love that. group of death this is what you wrote about christiano reynaldo. you said he doesn't like to just beat o points as much as obliterate them. he is quite the player in this. >> yeah, and there were some outrageous moments especially early in that first half where he was sort of dancing on the ball in a way that, you know, really sort of thrilled everybody. and he is quite a character. he scores goals, rips off his shirt, flexes his muscles. didn't get a chance to do that last night. part of the reason is he is suffering with a little bit of a knee injury.

and you could see that. he was missing that sort of last gear that he usually has that he kicks in and does these incredible diagonal runs across the field an catches up with these passes. and there's nobody that can stay with him. he seems like he's faster with the ball than he is without it. and he wasn't last night. the americans really held him in check. they had lots of people on him whenever he got the ball except for in that final play where he was one-on-one with the beasley and he managed to get off really the perfect cross to his teammate cutting across the penalty areas for the header that tied the game. >> can we talk about that tie, matt. because here in the united states our most famous sports have overtime. but we, this tie kept the u.s. alive even though it was a huge disappointment. try to explain that to us. >> i know t seems almost unamerican that in sort of the greatest sporting event in the planet you could

actually have a tie. but you know, soccer is a sport where goals are incredibly precious and a hard fought draw is a worthwhile result in a lot of ways. you get three points for a win, one point for a tie, no points for a loss. you play three games in group play. whofer has the most points, the two teams with the most points at the end of group play, they move on to the knockout round. 16 teams move on to the knockout round and most americans will be very happy to know in a knockout round there are no ties. that's when we get into overtime and then ultimately a penalty shoot-out. >> but in order to get be there, the u.s. still has to face germany on thursday. isn't there an incentive for that as well? >> absolutely. i mean this is-- it is so interesting what is coming up here on thursday. the subtext here is that the american head coach was a superstar for germany.

he also used to coach germany. one of his closest friends is the head coach of germany. both teams will move on to the knockout round if they draw. now this is the stuff that great conspiracy theories in international soccer are made of. you could have what, you know, both sides could agree to play to a sort of gentleman's draw but chrinsman assured everybody last night there will be no agreement. there is not going to be, you know, there's not going to be any talk of both sides sitting back. they want to go for the win. they want to win the group. and they're going to have to earn it because germany is probably one of the two or three best teams in the world. >> and the u.s. has five germans on its team this is amazing. like a sports soap opera. matt from "the wall street journal" thanks for keeping us up to date. >> thanks for having me, gwen.

>> woodruff: finally, a new television documentary tackles the growing worries and criticism over college costs and student debt. jeffrey brown taped this conversation last week. >> brown: the american higher education system has long been regarded as a crowning achievement. but these days focus has been more on its problems. rising tuition bills that stoke ballooning debt, too many students who never graduate, misplaced and overly lavish expenditures on facilities and housing and much more. a new documentary ivory tower looks at a range of such issues. it opens in many u.s. cities this month. here's a short clip that features within of its main themes. >> higher education in america has been very successful for centuries but now things are changing. because the scale and the cost is enormous. we have a product that is so expensive that a lot of people can't pay for it and

they have to go into debt. and it just isn't viable. >> the rise in student tuition is unsustainable. we cannot continue to charge a significantly more year after year after year without running into some kind of a brick wall. >> and filmmaker andrew rossi joins me now, welcome to you. >> thanks so much for having me. >> the starting point seems to be something is lost, being lost, already lost what did you want to explore? >> i think what we're looking at in ivory tower is whether college is worth it. but in a way that is hopefully more nuanced and complex than simply either looking at the wage premium that one finds, which of course is a very striking statistic, the fact that people make a million dollars more over the course of their lifetime with a ba. >> it is still worth it. >> it is still worth it. >> in spite of the cost you still end up making more money. >> precisely, on those terms

it's worth it and then those who, for example, like peter, who are arguing that one should drop out of college. there's a sort of a middle ground that we wanted to explore. what really is happening in classrooms as diverse as harvard to san jose state, from spellman college to wesleyan-- . >> brown: much of it revolves around money, whether it is tuition or debts, what people-- administrative costs, right. >> absolutely. >> give us an expam-- example of something that you really wanted to get at here. >> well, certainly the rise in tuition as we just saw in the clip is completely unsustainable. 1100% tuition. and that is also a result in the decrease in state funding, 40% in that same period less in state funds for public colleges. but what we're really looking at is a business model in higher education that encourages a growth to become bigger and better which allows universities to attract student loan

dollars. and is creating perverse incentives in the classroom in addition to this terrible student debt crisis. >> one of your experts in there refers to a competitive nature of this. which is actually been around pretty much forever. >> absolutely. >> what happened to make it take off? >> well, i think that the propagation of even more ranks, the sense of schools can be judged based on their facilities. in addition to the older sort of branding that the ivy league might have provided or the flagship state school, there are now so many dichb ways that schools can compete to attract a 17 or 18-year-old and much of the time it doesn't really involve the rigor in the classroom, but rather things like which school has the more popular football team. of course i don't mean to say that all schools are sort of falling down on the job as it were. but what we see is that the

financial model itself has major problems. >> actually that's what i was wondering. how far do you want to push the argument? you're not quite saying that great institutions are abdicating their responsibility. >> of course not. >> although you are sort of suggests that around the edges in some ways some of their actions are almost doing that? >> well, it is important to really consider what the impact of student loan debt is. and i think that particular lee teng-hui in the nonprofit university world, there is a sense that student loan debt is good debt. but we see in the film that that is not true. the most recent data shows that on average students are graduating with actually 33,000 dollars in student debt, even more than the 25,000 dollar number that we cite in the film which is based on a previous study. >> i should say, a lot of experts then say a lot of this that comes from the for profit sector which is something you don't address in this film. >> precisely that is intentional. we wanted to really look at

the mission of educating students in the nonprofit setting where there is not this distraction to provide shareholder value to those who a boy would have a fiduciary duty to, rather here we see what is taking place on campuses where the mission is exclusively to educate the students and unfortunately the corporate model has actually bled into that world as well. richard aaron who wrote the study academic speaks in the film about perverse incentives that are taking place in the classroom. and atmosphere in which the student feels like a consumer. and that is something that there are many alternatives to pursue to try to counteract so for example, we look at deep springs which is a free college in the desert of death valley where students are governing themselvesment they are the anti-it sis of the consumer. and you look at arizona state, one of the largefest not the largest, i mean i

was struck by that because you show the diversity of american higher education. and while you're looking at many of the problems, one could also look at it and say well that's kind of glorious. people have a lot of choice there. whether it's public, private, large, small, something in the desert or a huge state university. >> it absolutely is glorious. and i believe that the film really celebrates that proud tradition in american history of government expanding the franchise of higher education. we see the land grant universities that were created by the moral ago of the 1860s. the gi bill, the higher education act of 1965 which again increased access. but we also see a shift in the 70s when conservative governors like ronald reagan suggested that the state should not be subsidizing curiosity. and that is really the world we live in now. >> now we also live in a world where people suggested maybe there are alternatives to this model. >> yes. >> and dow look at some of

that. is there anything in our last minute here that jumped out at you that is you think i don't know, exciting for the future worth pursuing in american education? >> well, certainly a lot of the enthusiasm around massive open on-line courses has declined. >> after the pilot with in san jose state which we feature extensively. however the flip classroom model is exciting and we see that taking place at budgeter hill community college, computer science class delivered by edex which students are able to pursue by watching a video at home and then going into the classroom and having some form of human interaction. i think that's a model that allows for a decrease in cost. but still that human element that we still need. i think if there is one thing the film definitely proves is the enduring power of the profession certificate and instructor to have a relationship with the student that is helping them to learn. >> let me ask you finally

what dow tell, having looked at this as an outsider, right wa, dow tell perspective apartments and students about the options they should be looking for, whether they should consider, you know, not going. >> absolutely. we really emphasize that metrics such as completion rates at schools, average amounts of student debt and employability at a particular institution once someone graduates should be the priority in choosing a school and-- school and not, again, which universities has the more popular football team or the more lush student center. i think if we can reorient to those metrics, many people might be able to avoid going into an amount of debt that is crushing. >> all right, the new film is ivory tower, andrew rossi, thank you so much. >> thank you for having me. >> again >> ifill: again, the major developments of the day. secretary of state kerry met with iraqi leaders in baghdad, as islamist insurgents gained

more ground. he suggested president obama might not wait for a new government to take shape before launching air strikes. and a court in egypt convicted three al-jazeera journalists of aiding a terror group, the muslim brotherhood, and sentenced them each to seven years in jail. >> woodruff: on the newshour online right now, in 2012 one out of every eight patients in the u.s. suffered a potentially avoidable complication during a hospital stay. the hospitals with the worst rates of injury now will lose a percentage of their medicare payments. read about the potential effects of these new sanctions, from our reporting partner at kaiser health news, that's on the rundown. all that and more is on our web site, newshour.pbs.org. >> ifill: and that's the newshour for tonight. on tuesday we look back to 1964, and at freedom summer, when hundreds of college students went to mississippi to register black voters, and were met by violence, arrest and murder. i'm gwen ifill. >> woodruff: and i'm judy woodruff. we'll see you on-line and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us here at the pbs newshour, thank you and good night.

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