captioning sponsored by wnet >> sreenivasan: on this edition for saturday, october 11: new screening procedures at major american airports to try to contain ebola. the nation's top infectious disease expert joins us. what's behind the stock market's sudden turmoil? and in our signature segment, from san francisco: fighting obesity with a proposed tax on sugary drinks. >> consumers should be able to make the choice for themselves. >> i believe wholeheartedly that this is a life and death issue and that we cannot wait any longer. >> sreenivasan: next on pbs newshour weekend.

>> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we are your retirement company. additional support is provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. from the tisch wnet studios in lincoln center in new york, hari sreenivasan. >> sreenivasan: good evening. thanks for joining us. the united states is taking new steps to try to stop the spread of the ebola virus. enhanced screenings of travelers from liberia, sierra leone and guinea went into effect today at j.f.k. international airport here in new york. the same measures will be implemented next week at dulles airport outside washington, d.c.; newark liberty international airport; chicago's o'hare and atlanta's hartsfield. nearly 95% of all travelers from

those three african countries enter the united states through these airports. under the new protocol, travelers from those countries will be taken to a special screening area, where they will be interviewed and have their temperature taken with a non- contact thermometer. thomas duncan, the liberian man who died of ebola in dallas, only became ill several days after he arrived in dallas. we'll have much more in a moment. kmart has become the latest major retailer to be hacked. the incident occurred early last month but was only disclosed in recent days. the hackers reportedly made off with some credit and debit card numbers but apparently did not gain access to personal information like pin numbers, email address or social security numbers. kmart, a subsidiary of sears, has 1,200 stores across the united states. federal officials are investigating. today is the second day of a four-day protest in st. louis against what demonstrators say is excessive force by police. the protesters are demanding that charges be brought against the white police officer who

killed an unarmed black teen in early august. another black teen was shot dead by an off-duty white officer earlier this week after what the authorities describe as an exchange of gunfire. seven new jersey teenagers are facing criminal charges for allegedly sexually assaulting younger teammates on the school's football team. the hazing incident in sayreville, new jersey, prompted the school to cancel last night's scheduled homecoming game and the rest of the season. some parents protested, saying innocent players were being punished for the actions of a few. but the superintendent of schools said there were four separate incidents that team members knew about and tolerated. the school's football team has won three state championships. turning overseas now, the pentagon says it carried out several new air strikes today against isis in syria and iraq. this, as isis fighters continue to press on in their efforts to capture the syrian town of kobani, near the border with turkey. repeated allied air strikes there have slowed but not stopped the isis advance. the turkish government said

today it will allow the united states to help train moderate syrian rebels on its soil but will not send ground troops to fight isis without participation by other countries. after a two-day lull, there was renewed gunfire today between indian and pakistani forces in the disputed kashmir region. 17 people have been killed in clashes between the two countries during the past nine days. it is the worst outbreak of violence there in more than a decade. hundreds of thousands of people are being evacuated from india's east coast. a storm packing winds as high as 120 miles an hour is expected to make landfall there tomorrow. another huge storm is bearing down on several islands including okinawa off the coast of japan. this is a picture of that storm taken from the international space station. authorities are concerned that three nuclear power plants are in the storm's path. the plants have been temporarily shut down until they can pass new safety tests imposed after an earthquake and tsunami damaged the fukushima nuclear plant in 2011. for the latest on the ebola

scare, we are joined once again for the latest on the ebola scare, we are joined once again tonight from washington by anthony fauci. he is director of the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases. doctor, the airport screenings we are now hearing about, they are supposed to give us a snapshot of someone's health, how do they work? >> well, it works in a couple of phases. the first is that people that come from the designated areas, the west african areas will be brought off to the side and first the temperature will beñi taken, and then there will be a history taos whether or not they have symptoms or whether or not they have come into contact to their knowledge with someone who is suspected of or who has ebola, if the temperature is negative and if, in fact, the questionnaire proves no risk at all, they will be given instructions on how to monitor

themselves over a period of time of 21 days. if you then get someone who does have a temperature or who does have a suspicion they were in contact, they will be then handed over to a cdc person who would then go% more depth about the determination of whether or not there is cause to go even further, gamely, isolate the person or write them to a facility, where they can be observed. >> and what we have heard obviously there is a an incubation period overtime that the ebola virus can get worse in a person up to 21 év:k so what if they are getting off the plane they seem fine? >> well, again, you could never) ever get 100 percent risk free, but if you look at the exit screening that will have taken place with those same passengers when they got on the plane in the west african country to come toc: superimpose on that the entry screening, the risk of missing someone is extraordinarily low.

it will never be perfect and nothing is perfect when you are dealing with biological phenomenon like symptoms and fever, but itñi really dramatically diminishes the likelihood that someone will get through under those circumstances. >> you know,, it seems as though the weak link here is someone lying and the answers to the questions, is there any sort of database or something that will track, okay here is what you said on the survey that didn't turn out to be right if that person gets stick later on? >> well, certainly, obviously if you are going to identify someone later on who gets stick you canñi go back and look at wt the questionnaire was, so you can get data, but again, i really believe that is an unlikely event, first of all, they would have to lie about an exposure and yet still be without a fever, you put all things together the odd ratios of someone ge getting through is extraordinarily low, we keep coming back to what if this one particular exception, but i think in the big5 look at the likelihood of someone getting flu is very,

very low, particularly now that we superimpose on this extra layer of entry screening. >> you know, there are also people who are saying that there are conflicting messages they are getting, on the other hand, we are hearing how difficult it is to get the disease because most people will be exhibiting symptoms if you came in contact with them but on the other hand we are taking precautionary measures like quarantining the members of an nbc crew that may have had contact with their camera man. >> well, again, what we are seeing is just the extra layer of caution to try and, you know, protect thew!qó american peoplm any possibility of exposure. i mean, obviously that may seem like a rather draconian approach but it isn't, it is trying to do whatever you can within reason to protect the american public. >> andçó finally, the world heah organization said earlier this week that the program is getting worse, that ebola is entrirched

and in other parts of africa as well and do not have enough healthcare workers there to deal with it there. >> well, at the present time, that is certainly the case. if you look at the numbers of people who are getting infecting the rate at which they are getting infected at the present time, we aqu behind the curve, but the scaling up of activities, particularly on the part of the united states government, with the military going in, the 3,000 to 4,000 troops going in to provide?>"he logistics, the engineering, the setting up of the hospital beds and hopefully other countries will come the also and step to the plate and put a considerable amount of effort and resources so things are pouring in but you are absolutely correct, right now, the rate of infection is really quite high. >> dr. anthonyg$ facci, the thak you soçó much. >> >> pleasure to be with you.

>> sreenivasan: now to our signature segment. election day is less than four weeks from today, and while the focus continues to be the battle for control of the united states senate, other questions are being considered on ballot initiatives across the nation. in the bay area, voters in berkeley and san francisco will weigh in on proposals that would significantly increase taxes on the purchase of sugary drinks. the idea is to help curb obesity and diabetes. newshour correspondent william brangham traveled there recently and has our report on the battle in san francisco. >> i don't like gatorade. it's $2. >> reporter: it's wednesday afternoon. school's out, and 13-year-old jade mar is doing what thousands of kids in san francisco do after school: debating what drink to get at the corner store. >> chocolate milk? or sprite and coke? >> reporter: the attempt to try and steer the choices of what kids like jade drink-- really what all americans drink-- has become a big political fight in san francisco in recent months. that fight broke out in large

part because of jade's own father, san francisco supervisor eric mar. >> if you just think about this, my daughter's generation, 1/3 of them will develop type-2 diabetes in their lifetime. >> reporter: 1/3? >> and if you're black or latino, it's 1/2. >> reporter: despite its reputation as a mecca for healthy food and healthier living, san francisco still suffers from high rates of obesity and diabetes. nearly half of san franciscans are overweight or obese. officials say not only is this bad for those individuals, but they say caring for those people costs taxpayers, as well-- at least an estimated $750 million a year in san francisco alone. supervisor mar argues that sugary drinks are one of the prime culprits in this health crisis, and so earlier this year he introduced an initiative that, if passed by voters in november, would raise taxes on sugary drinks across the city. here's how it would work: the city would impose a two cents- per-ounce tax on any beverages

that contain added sugar or non- diet sweeteners. so, any soda, tea, energy drink-- whatever has added sugar in it-- gets the tax. the tax is imposed on the distributors, who would then pass it onto the retailers. proponents hope the store owners would then raise the price of those sugary drinks in their stores. for example, a can of soda that now sells for, say, 99 cents would now cost about $1.24. a two-liter soda currently at about $3.99 would be more than $5. the whole idea behind the tax is when those sugary drinks are pricier than their counterparts, consumers will choose something else, something healthier, something that isn't hit with the tax. >> i think when a consumer sees that a product will cost a little bit more, they will either reduce their consumption of that harmful product, but also they might choose a healthier option-- non-fat milk drinks, even water as the healthiest and most readily available and accessible drink, as well.

>> reporter: the city estimates this tax could both reduce consumption of sugary drinks by up to 31% and could generate upwards of $50 million, money the city plans to steer into programs to cut hunger, increase access to healthier foods and pay for more p.e. teachers in schools. it's not the first time we've seen this kind of attempt. even though mexico implemented a soda tax earlier this year and saw consumption go down, numerous other communities in the u.s. have tried similar proposals, and most failed to become law. the best known example was new york city, where former mayor michael bloomberg tried to ban soda servings bigger than 16 ounces, an idea that made the rounds on late night tv. >> no more giant sodas? come on! this is america, the land of plenty! we haven't even achieved type-3 diabetes yet. ( laughter ) we're so close! ( applause ) >> reporter: bloomberg's initiative, along with many others, were defeated, but that didn't deter officials in san

francisco, where city supervisors debated the proposal. >> bullets are not the only things that are killing african american males. we also have sugary beverages that are also killing people. >> what is going to stop someone from going across the way to daly city, to costco, stocking up on, you know, sugary beverages in another area not in san francisco? >> reporter: the initiative passed and was placed on the november ballot under the name "proposition e," but then the beverage industry-- much like it did in new york and many other communities-- launched a big campaign to defeat the proposal. >> two cents per ounce can really add up fast! >> the beverage industry i think has tried to do a lot over the years. it's never going to be enough for some people. >> reporter: karen hanretty is helping lead the industry's campaign. she's the policy director for californians for food and beverage choice, an offshoot of the american beverage association. their effort-- with posters and billboards and tv ads in three languages-- all argue that the proposed tax will hurt

businesses and hurt consumers. hanretty argues that the soft drinks industry has already done a lot for public health, introducing a variety of healthier drinks, putting calorie labels on the fronts of bottles and cans, and last week's big industry-wide pledge to reduce the calories in their drinks by 20% over the next decade. >> we think that, you know, consumers should be able to make the choice for themselves without taxes or regulation trying to influence their behavior. >> reporter: why a tax? why not just educate people, show them what a healthy diet and a healthy lifestyle looks like? isn't that a better approach than taxing a particular product? >> we've been doing that for a long time. >> reporter: laura schmidt, from u.c. san francisco, has been researching public health policy for over 20 years. though she was consulted by the supervisors who drafted the beverage tax, she says she's not taking a position for or against. >> a lot of obesity prevention for many years has been trying to educate kids about healthy

diet and nutrition. >> reporter: and that does not work? >> and the evidence shows that, over time, you can kind of change kids' attitudes. you can increase their knowledge. but what you don't get are lasting changes in behavior. >> reporter: schmidt says one of the best ways to change behavior is education, but education combined with raising the prices of unhealthy products. >> there's very strong evidence that taxation is one of the most effective public health interventions for reducing the consumption of harmful products. >> reporter: you raise the price of a product, people use less of that product. >> yes. anything you can do to make that price a little higher is going to discourage the consumer from consuming it in large amounts. >> reporter: officials in san francisco argue that your industry's products are part of the reason why we have an obesity and diabetes problem in this country. and they argue that taxing those particular products is a way of steering people away from those

products and maybe helping the health of everyone. isn't that the role that government should be playing? >> well, it's a dicey road to go down, because we definitely have an obesity problem. we have a weight problem in america. there's no denying that. but you can't single out, i think, any one food or beverage and say, "ah-ha, that is the culprit." because, again, we have seen a significant decline in consumption of soda, for instance. and while those numbers were declining, obesity rates were going up. and diabetes, type-2 diabetes, was also going up. >> reporter: it's true that soda consumption has declined somewhat in recent years, but some of our most popular drinks these days deliver the entire recommended daily amount of sugar in a single container. some have far more sugar in them. in fact, sweetened drinks are still the largest single source

of sugar in our diets. but the debate in san francisco has gone beyond public health. critics of the so-called "soda tax" have raised several other concerns-- one being that this tax could be what's called a "regressive" tax, one that hurts poorer people more because they tend to buy more sugary drinks. supporters counter that those communities also disproportionately suffer from chronic health conditions that they say this tax would help address. >> i look at it this way. i think diabetes and obesity are regressive. they impact most heavily the lowest income and especially communities of color. that is incredibly regressive. a soda tax will help to address that problem of obesity and diabetes in low-income communities. >> reporter: the other concern raised by critics is that the tax will hurt small businesses. the beverage industry's ad campaign features owners of small mom and pop businesses all complaining that the tax will hurt their bottom line.

mosa sadoon, who owns a small grocery store with his brother in san francisco, says raising the cost of sugary drinks is going to drive customers away. >> and the amount of tax? i mean, $0.02 per ounce is absurd. so i'm going to be, what, selling a two-liter coke for $4.99? i mean... >> reporter: that's steep. >> that's steep. you come from new york, you're going to think i'm ripping you off or i'm crazy, you know? either one of them. >> reporter: of course, it's unknown if the tax is even going to pass in the first place. despite the failure of similar efforts in many other communities, supporters here argue that of all places, northern california might be the spot where they finally find success at the ballot box. >> sreenivasan: after a long climb, the stock market suffered its biggest losses this past

week in two and a half years. the dow dropped 2.7%, the s&p fell 3.1%, and the nasdaq was down 4.5%. to help us understand the forces behind the sudden drop, we are joined now via skype from richmond, virginia, by roben farzad. he is the host of the radio program, "full disclosure." >> what is up? first about what happened in europe, this week why does it matter to lk stock market. >> a couple of things, the big pillars in europe, germany and france, we got some worrying news, one, in the case of france, yo you had their credit outlook downgraded by standard & poors, the big credit rating company, it is hugely indebted and trying to come out of the kind of the hang over of the great european economic crisis of 2009, 2010. and similarly, that is connected to germany. germany is the giant player of the continent there, it has a hugely export driven economy,r and you have got some weak numbers out of germany so there are new concerns that entire continent and sub continent of

western europe can come unhinged at a time when we need all the growth globally we can get. >> this is happening at a time when u.s. dollar is getting stronger, so how does that work? >> right, it is actually very on the street to realize that a weak currency is actually in the interest of your exporters, they can sell their wares for a more compelling price, for example, if you are getting more bang for your euro to the dollar then more european countries and consumers will be amenable to buying american exports, the same thing with japan and its yen, the same thing with china and the yuan and the united states is looking comparative more hail and healthy so it will be struggling economies in europe and that is a currency that is uniting more than a dozen economies, so it is really important for these guys to deal, be able to hold their own against the dollar, but not become so strong that they crowd out their own exporters. >> finally, all, oil prices

going lower is usually good a news for consumers here but also this concern about what china does in terms of buying or not buying much oil. >> that's right. china is the 15-ton element elephant in the room, you remember ten, 12 years ago, people would worry oil would break 20, $30 a barrel and china sends and buys this stuff voraciously and talking about worries of triple-digit oil so when you get weakness out bg china and brazil, people are worried about russia, people are worried about the kind of a secondary emerging economies and obviously europe which drinks a ton of oil, then suddenly the price will fall and we have new things that play here in the united states, north dakota is suddenly produced more than the smallest member of opec, which is ecuador, so production is coming up at a time when prices are falling and that stands to reason that prices could fall even more. >> all right, the roben farzad, the host of the radio program full disclosure, joining us from virginia. thank you so much. >> a pleasure.

>> >> this is pbs newshour weekend, saturday. >> sreenivasan: one of the most recognizable symbols in the world is getting a major redesign to help change peoples' perceptions. for 45 years, this has been the international symbol of access for the disabled. but here in new york city, the department of transportation is in the middle of installing an updated version of the symbol that advocates say better represents those with disabilities. >> i saw it, and it looked pretty cool. i was like, "wow, what a great representation of people with disabilities." >> sreenivasan: victor calise is the new york city commissioner for the mayor's office for people with disabilities. calise, who was paralyzed in a mountain biking accident, says this seemingly small change actually makes a big difference. >> the old symbol is very sterile, very erect, and it really doesn't portray movement. and the new symbol just shows what people with disabilities in new york city are. they're always moving, and

they're always moving forward. >> sreenivasan: the updated symbol was the creation of designers in massachusetts and started as a street art campaign that illegally put the updated image over existing signs. now, its creators have co- founded an advocacy organization that's pushing to have the symbol accepted around the world. the city has been using the new icon on car placards since last december and hopes to have all d.o.t. parking spots updated by the end of the year. new york state is now also using the new symbol, and the word "handicapped" is being removed from state signage. commissioner calise says the new symbol isn't costing new york city any extra money-- the new icons are simply replacing worn out ones-- but that, either way, it's worth the effort. >> i believe the symbol will help make us more accessible. it just portrays something that's exciting and new and fresh and having that forward- moving motion. >> sreenivasan: as some of you may know, the social security administration has started using the new logo.

. >> some more news before we leigh you tonight, at least 35 people were killed in a series of car bomb attacks in shiite muslim areas of baghdad today, it was not immediately clear whether isis or other sunni muslims were involved, and the international monetary fund today urged bold action to stimulate the global economy, earlier this week the imf reduced its global growth forecast for the third time this year. that is all for tonight, tomorrow on the program, jeffrey brown interviews james earl jones about his return to broadway. i am hari sreenivasan, have a good night. >> captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

>> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we are your retirement company. additional support is provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you.

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