captioning sponsored by wnet >> sreenivasan: on this edition for sunday, january, 11: hundreds of thousands march in france in the wake of last week's terror attacks. also, can recruitment by terrorist organizations be prevented? and, policing in minority communities, we'll hear from two former officers who walked the beat. next on pbs newshour weekend. >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we are your

retirement company. additional support is provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. from the tisch wnet studios in lincoln center in new york, hari sreenivasan. >> sreenivasan: good evening. thanks for joining us. dozens of world leaders joined up to two million people in the streets of paris today. it was a show of solidarity following the recent twin terror attacks that killed 17 people first at the satirical magazine "charlie hebdo" and then at a kosher supermarket. later, french president francois hollande visited the city's grand synagogue with israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu. hollande promised to beef up security at france's synagogues and jewish schools. a video made by the gunman who killed four hostages at the kosher market was released online today. in it, he confirmed that the attack on "charlie hebdo" and on

the market were coordinated. >> ( translated ): our team divided itself in half. my brothers carried out the attack on "charlie hedbo." what we are doing is totally legitimate. you attack the islamic state, we attack you. >> sreenivasan: there were also reports that his partner, who apparently fled to syria a week before the terror attacks, had placed hundreds of calls to the wife of one of the brothers who shot up "charlie hebdo." earlier, the gunman had said the whole mission was financed by al-qaeda in the arabian peninsula. attorney general eric holder said today americans should feel secure but he warned the terror threat remains. >> it is very difficult to maintain a good contact, to stay in touch with all the people who are potentially going to do these kind of things. that is the thing that, i think, keeps me up most at night, this concern about the lone wolf who goes undetected. >> sreenivasan: for more about today's huge rally in paris, here is john ray of itv news. >> in the long history paris has

witnessed many demonstrations but nothing compared to this. in the countless thousands they crammed every avenue and everyboulevard. to offer the last word at the end of a week of gun fire and bloodshed to the people. the march was led by those for whom the loss has been personal almost unbearable. family of journalists from a satirical magazines and shoppers at a jewish supermarket. innocent victims. there is not a country in the world that does not stand with us said the french government and so it seemed today. david cameron who wrestles with the same terrorist threats. where else but the israeli prime minister and the french

president stand together. >> liberty. >> we are afraid of nothing and here we are say that again. we are not afraid of you. >> we didn't think this was under attack. finally now we realize yes we are indeed under attack. >>reporter: paris remains under high alert, with soldiered in to protect the capital. close to 2 million in all. there is a great distance yet to travel before this country is at ease. john ray, itv news paris. >> >> sreenivasan: in hamburg germany, a newspaper that had reprinted satirical cartoons published by "charlie hebdo" in a show of solidarity. was hit by arsonists this weekend. authorities arrested two people who allegedly threw an incendiary device into the

building. no one was inside at the time. in another part of germany police raided the home of a 24- year-old man thought to have fought for isis in syria and arrested him. saudi arabia has gone ahead with the flogging of a writer who was critical of that country's powerful clerics. this, despite u.s. state department protests. raif badawi reportedly was brought to a public square and flogged 50 times in front of hundreds of spectators. amnesty international says he will be subjected to the same punishment 20 times in all. the flogging follows badawi's conviction last year for insulting islam. he started the free saudi liberals blog in 2012. in the north of neighboring iraq, a setback for pro-western kurdish forces battling isis. the militants launched a surprise offensive in small boats and killed at least 30 kurds, according to an iraqi military spokesman. this in the river town of gwer just 25 miles from the kurdish capital city of erbil. the kurds reportedly killed 60 of the militants in the same battle. officials say western airstrikes have put isis fighters on the defensive but they remain in control in large parts of iraq.

indonesian search teams believe they've located the black box flight recorders from the air asia plane that crashed into the java sea two weeks ago today with 162 people on board. searchers heard pings two miles from where the plane's tail was found yesterday. an indonesian official said that the black boxes are under layers of aircraft debris. they will try to recover them tomorrow. back in the u.s., attorney general eric holder today defended his handling of an investigation into former four star general david patraeus. the "new york times" reported yesterday, federal prosecutors have recommended that criminal charges be brought against patraeus for allegedly sharing classified information with his lover in 2012-- a charge patraeus denies. >> we have done this investigation in, i think, an appropriate way. an appropriate determination will be done and it will be done in an a way that i think the american people will ultimately decide was fair to everyone who was involved. >> sreenivasan: but republican

senator john mccain criticized the administration's handling of the patraeus investigation. >> is it appropriate to leak information that is supposed to be kept sealed until the decision is made? the recommendation, not the decision. it's a violation of any citizen's rights to have that information leaked, much less a man that is a genuine american hero. >> sreenivasan: the award winning novelist, robert stone, known for works like "a flag for sunrise" and "dog soldiers" has died. "dog soldiers," which won the national book award in 1975, was loosely based on his two month stint during the vietnam war as a journalist. robert stone was 77. and the swedish-born actress, anita ekberg, has also died. ekberg earned fame for her role as a movie star in federico fellini's "la dolce vita." she was 83. >> marcello! come here!

hurry up! >> sreenivasan: yesterday, the former deputy director of the central intelligence agency told us one of his biggest concerns is radicalized young men with e.u. or american passports entering the u.s. to commit terrorist acts like the ones in france this past week. that got us thinking: what's being to done to prevent them from being radicalized in the first place? for more about that, we are joined now from washington by humera khan. she's the executive director of muflehun, a think tank whose mission is to thwart terrorism. she's also an advisor to several government agencies including the f.b.i. so what can be done to prevent the radicalization in the first place? >> well, for prevention one of the most important things you have to deal with is raising awareness. people need to know what they're up against. and actually the barest entry

you don't have youth wanting to engage in it in the first place. for those who are not caught through prevention right, they have somehow already gone down the track you actually have to start talking about intervention that is the case where somebody exposed to the idea has not committed any criminal activity, not mobilized to criminal he activity, then you have to have an intervention for stopping them to go off to fight. working with them specifically and that's an individual process to get them to disengage from their thoughts psychologically. >> what kind of intervention are you talking about? families, members of the community, what do they do? >> the spectrum. differing depending on the country and also the neighborhood you're talking about. in the u.s. we actually have are models where we're running it

through the imam. not only for the individual but also for the family members because sometimes in some cases you actually have family dysfunction. in other countries you actually have intervention programs which are run through the family itself others are run 30 through different community centers. anyone who can actually have a trusted relationship with the person. there is an element of trust and there is an element of legitimacy, in terms of what they're saying that person could do it, that could be a youth director, a mentor, there are a lot of options available. >> this isn't a process that happens overnight. you hear them year after year walking down that path. how do you intervene at just the right time? >> interventions are something that the soon arer you do it -- the sooner you do it the better

it is. the harder it is to pull them back. the first time you actually see something shifting the behavior changing opinions shifting, that's the place that's ideal place you want to do it before you have to -- because once the ideas are set, it is a lot harder to deconstruct them. >> how do you exat for example the influence of -- combat for example the influence of social media, joining a hashtag and celebrating a specific attack? >> well social media is used to recruit. social media has the power to use for prevention. that itself is not enough. ooh a hashtag is not going to change a person's mind. social media is a very interactive platform. we have to use that across the

spectrum of tools. >> humera khan thanks so much for being here. >> is thanks for having me. >> sreenivasan: and now we want to return to a story that was dominating the headlines in the months before the french attacks. we're talking about the often fraught relationship between police and minority communities. last week we heard from two african-americans who were critical of the police. tonight, we hear from two retired new york city police officers who both patrolled the south bronx. >> i'm joined now by retired officers mike bished is -- mike byrd and russell williams. communities of color beyond that in your opinions what is the source of these tensions? >> it's mostly frustration. you know, and people are taking their frustrations out and i blame the administrations.

the police officers are just doing what they've been taught to did which is enforce the laws of their respective city state, and local government. and sometimes, yeah you do have certain officers that go above and beyond that. but however it's more so, deposit is turning their backs on a lot of the people. >> when you saw these demonstrations after ferguson here in new york after eric garner here in new york what went through your minds? >> a lot of people took it on as being antidk police. you can be -- anti-police. you can be beyond stop and frisk, you can be against brutality. who wants to be in favor brutality? i understand the frustration they feel, they feel like they're being targeted unfairly. so i didn't take it personally. i know a lot of people do. that they feel well, contributes

to an environment and a lot of us that feel it was anti-police in general and that's why that guy came all the way from baltimore to kill two police officers. >> there is also the feeling that when an officer does try reach out to try bridge the divide, and improve relations with the community, for example, in pittsburgh around new year's there was the chief of police there had posed for a sign in a coffee shop or something that kind of went viral, i resolve to fight racism and white violence. the union looked you just labeled all of us cops as a bunch of racists, and that's not fair. why is it it's such a harsh dichotomy? >> i can't speak as far as pittsburgh is concerned but the 20 years can be 20 plus years i have

with new york city the new york city police department is so racially diverse. you have russian cops. you have black officers. latino officers. you have gays, you have -- i work with people from india. so to label us as racist, it's kind of hard. you know, because we're more diverse than any other industry or any other type of profession in the world. >> you go to a 9/11 call you don't care who's calling you go to assist. you go to help. officers don't like to be labeled as racist. that is a hard conversation, something very hard to hear. >> there was a community activist last week who was talking about her organization having to field phone calls from people because they can't get themselves to trust the police. >> to be an effective law

enforcement you have to have the trust and the commitment and the cooperation of a community. listen i've had instances just in the past year where i've had a grandmother call, naacp office where she is a local member of a gang is make him keep guns in her house. >> you have walked the beats before you have figured out how to make things work. why ask there this mistrust in communities, especially communities of color and what do you do to get over that? >> it helps when you do community policing. talking to people 101, which is what i did in the south bronx. you can't generalize. one community, you welcome you there -- they welcome you there. they're glad to see me. another area, they have neighborhood watch against the police. whenever i came, all the drug

dealers they had their lookouts everyone was working against me because they were trying to make money. >> so why do you think that distrust exists? >> giuliani moved away from community policing and it moved towards we need to clean up the streets. we need more proactive. we need to make more arrests for quality of life issues. and after that was all done and we cleaned up the streets the mistake in the new york city police department was not to go back to community policing. the police department needs to go back to teaching social sciences and having the cops know to deal with differently types -- different types of people, different rawrses. now a-- races. nowadays it's admonish robotic and they have lost contact with the community. >> the conversation that mayor

bill deblasio had mentioned a conversation he had to have with his biracial son. an officer sitting here last week had that same dilemma yes i'm a police officer and i had to have that conversation too. >> i have a 13-year-old he is a very innocent child. he wouldn't even understand an interaction with the police. he's taking photos of the child in his father's uniform and he was proud of that but unfortunately, the way that police responded and interact with our young black youth is problematic. >> just a mention of that conversation and perhaps the increaseed legitimization of it, was such a sore spot for police officers in new york and elsewhere in the country. why is that? >> i blame a lot of that on mayor bloomberg actually. you got to remember there was

great increase in stop question and frisk. a lot of blacks being stopped. and you have 90 -- out of all those stops 80, 90% he weren't even arrested. 90% of people were stopped for basically no reason. and of course you're going to have tension there. got to remember under giuliani, even though we were cleaning up the city the number of stop question and frisk topped out at about 100,000 a year. under bloomberg that increased 600% to almost 700,000 a year. that's a vast increase. >> harry, i grew up in washington heights in harlem. and i come from a biracial marriage. my father's irish my mother's dominican. i was taught to respect the police. if a police officer comes up to you, and asks you a question, you answer him with respect.

i've given that same philosophy to my children. if they get stopped by the police, yes, sir what did i do wrong sir not sucking your teeth or waving your hands or anything like that that you do see in certain communities in new york city. when a police officer come up to a group of kids on the corner they'll have an attitude. that part comes from your upbringing, you know. respect the police. >> i mean i've seen it, i come from a police system. my brother was a police officer before me my father was a police officer. my father didn't have that kind of talk with me. i mean of course i respect people but he didn't say well you have to look out, you have to look out for the police, you know? he told me you just have to respect everybody. you know respect authority. >> do you understand that that conversation is happening places in plagues beyond mayor deblasio's hospital how old? >> of course i understand that conversation is happening.

and that's police are the enforcement arm. sing the whole system canning seem kind of stacked. if you look at the disparities between marijuana arrests using marijuana at the same rates but as far as arrests go, blacks are vastly overrepresented and that's because the police is focused on the minority community. >> how could you have such different outcomes? >> well, it's just like russell said. whites and blacks smoke the same amount of marijuana. i would say 90% of the whites are smoking it in the privacy of their home or in the privacy of a certain place. whereas, in the black communities, they're out in public, smoking it. so we see it, you know. if i see a white guy smoking pot i'm going to stop him and gym

him his summons or his arrest. doesn't matter who's smoking it, it's breaking the law in my presence. doesn't matter. >> down on the street level what is the tip as to retired officers you have, the community as well as the police to stop it before it gets worse? >> as a matter of fact my kid earlier, we have to get back to community policing let the officers focus more on 101. >> beyond new york what's your suggestion? >> the police need to get out into the community. they have to. they can't just stay in the cars and drive them around and wait for something to happen. they need to go and just walk the beat. >> okay mike byrd russell williams, thawsh thank you both thank you both for your time. >> visit

>> sreenivasan: hear different perspectives on the relationship between minority communities and the police, visit newshour.pbs.org this is pbs newshour weekend sunday. >> sreenivasan: every year millions of north american monarch butterflies head south for the winter in one of the insect world's most fantastic feats. but as you've likely heard their numbers have declined dramatically in the past two decades. now the federal government is considering new steps to try to reverse the trend. scientists are still trying to determine just how many of the butterflies made the long trip to mexico this winter, still hoping that the 90 percent decline that began in the 1990s has finally come to an end. >> ( translated ): well this 2014/2015 season is a critical season for us after the numbers we had last season. we hope work done jointly by the united states, canada, and mexico will help to increase the

number of butterflies arriving in our sanctuaries. >> sreenivasan: but even as the butterfly count continues in mexico, in washington responding to a petition submitted by conservation organizations, the u.s. fish and wildlife service recently announced a year-long review that could mean the butterflies are placed on the endangered species list. if that happens, there could be ripple effects, the monarch's habitats in the u.s. could become protected under law and that, in turn, could lead to restrictions on the use of herbicides used to treat genetically modified corn and soybeans in those areas. and think the possible restrictions could be devastating for their crops. but the time it takes to make these decisions is consequential. a report published by the center for biological diversity, a non- profit conservation organization, found that 83 species became extinct between 1974 and 1994, at the very time the government was deliberating

about whether to include them on the endangered species list. >> increase in trade between the two countries. president obama viforts india later this month. join us on air and online tomorrow. i'm hari sreenivasan, have a good night. captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

>> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we are your retirement company. additional support is provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you.

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