captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: confirmation comes, american aid worker kayla jean mueller, held hostage by islamic state militants, is dead. good evening, i'm judy woodruff. >> ifill: and i'm gwen ifill. also ahead this tuesday, building trust between police and those they serve to protect. experiments in increasing accountability. >> woodruff: plus, in cities across the world, makeshift, crammed slums are commonplace. the lifelong calling of one man in india to find permanent shelter and a voice for the world's poorest people. >> they've used guerilla tactics-- nonviolent, he

insists-- to push for their rights or basic amenities like water hook-ups. if the city ignores or takes too long to respond to their requests, arputham takes the task on himself. >> ifill: and: >> sometimes i can see the words hanging in front of me and i don't know who i am and i don't know what im going to lose next. >> ifill: the neuroscientist and author of "still alice" on warning signs of early onset alzheimers and coping with memory loss. >> everyone who is touched by this disease goes through the stages of grief. some people stay in denial and retreat. it's really terrifying and heartbreaking and a lot of people have a hard time showing up in the new reality. >> woodruff: those are some of the stories we're covering on tonight's "pbs newshour." >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> it doesn't matter what kind of weather. it doesn't matter what time of

day or night. when mother nature's done her worst, the only thing that matters to us is keeping the lights on for you. we're the men and women of the international brotherhood of electrical workers. keeping the power on in communities like yours, all across the country. because when bad weather strikes, we'll be there for you. the i.b.e.w. the power professionals. >> at bae systems, our pride and dedication show in everything we do; from electronics systems to intelligence analysis and cyber- operations; from combat vehicles and weapons to the maintenance and modernization of ships, aircraft, and critical infrastructure. knowing our work makes a difference inspires us everyday. that's bae systems. that's inspired work.

>> lincoln financial-- committed to helping you take charge of your life and become you're own chief life officer. >> and the william and flora hewlett foundation, helping people build measurably better lives. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> ifill: an american family mourned today the loss of a daughter in syria. kayla mueller was the latest american to die at the hands of the islamic state group, and news of her death hit hard. >> kayla's calling was to help those who were suffering whether in her hometown of prescott or on the other side of the world. she has done more in her incredible 26 years than many people could imagine doing in

their lifetime. >> ifill: kayla mueller's parents remained secluded today at their home in prescott, arizona, dispatching friends and family instead, to give voice to their grief. over the weekend, "islamic state" militants sent them unspecified information confirming their daughter's death. the 26-year-old aid worker had been a hostage since august of 2013, when she was kidnapped leaving a hospital in aleppo syria. on friday, her captors claimed a jordanian air strike killed mueller, when it destroyed this building in raqqa, syria. jordan disputed the claim and today, white house spokesman josh earnest did as well. >> and the information that we have is that there is no evidence of civilians in the target area prior to the coalition strike taking place. and that certainly would call into question the claims that are made by isil. >> ifill: earnest said u.s. intelligence has not been able

to determine when or how mueller died, but he made clear regardless of the cause there's no doubt who bears the blame. >> isil, regardless of her cause of death, is responsible for it. this, after all, is the organization that was holding her against her will. that means they are responsible for her safety and her well being. and they are, therefore, responsible for her death. >> ifill: and in a statement the president promised action, writing: "no matter how long it takes, the united states will find and bring to justice the terrorists who are responsible for kayla's captivity and death." >> ifill: officials said president obama phoned mueller's family to convey his condolences. details of what happened to mueller during her long months of captivity remain murky. but her parents today released a letter they received from her last spring. in it she wrote that she was in a safe location, and unharmed, and said she was remaining strong:

>> ifill: mueller was the fourth american hostage killed while in islamic state captivity. three others, journalists james foley and steven sotlof and aid worker peter kassig, were beheaded by the terrorist group last year. journalist austin tice is still being held in the region, but it's unclear who his captors are. in an interview with the web site buzz feed, president obama said, "telling families the u.s. won't pay ransom is as tough as anything i do." >> ifill: kayla mueller's death underscores the dilemma the u.s. is grappling with as it seeks to dismantle the "islamic state." we'll turn to president obama's call for new authority to meet that challenge, after the news summary. >> woodruff: the u.s. air campaign against "islamic state"

forces got a boost today, when an arab ally rejoined the fight. the united arab emirates launched air strikes against the militants inside syria for the first time in more than a month. meanwhile, on the bbc, syrian president bashar assad said the u.s. is keeping him informed about the anti-islamic state air campaign, indirectly. >> that is through third party. more than one party iraq and other countries. sometimes they convey message, general message but there is nothing tactical. >> and is that a continuing dialogue that you have through third parties? >> there is no dialogue. there is let's say information, but not dialogue. >> woodruff: president obama has called for assad's removal, and at the white house today, a spokesman said: "the united states is not coordinating our actions with the syrian government, and we're not going to." >> ifill: there's word the u.s. embassy in yemen is closing amid growing chaos since shiite rebels ousted the pro-american government. it was widely reported today

that u.s. diplomats are being evacuated, although the state department would not confirm it. some u.s. military forces remain in yemen, conducting counter- terror strikes against al-qaeda forces. >> woodruff: across eastern ukraine today, battles raged on the eve of new peace negotiations. pro-russian rebels fired rockets into kramatorsk, deep inside government-held territory killing at least ten people. elsewhere, pro-government fighters said they captured villages near mariupol, where rebels had been massing. meanwhile, president obama spoke by phone with russian president vladimir putin. a white house statement said he warned putin, quote: "the costs for russia will rise" if it continues aggressive actions in ukraine. >> ifill: back in this country, new englanders used a lull between storms to dig out from yet another two feet of snow. school children and state workers in the boston area had the day off once again, with many roads impassable and most public transport shut down. massachusetts governor charlie baker warned people there's a

new danger, on top of their homes. >> i really can't believe i'm saying this, but also people need to think about shoveling off their roofs. we've had a number of roof collapses over the course of the last several days as the snowfall continues this will continue to be an issue. >> ifill: state authorities have also allowed snow to be dumped into boston harbor, since there's nowhere else to put it. and, there's more coming. a new storm on thursday could drop another three to six inches. >> woodruff: the international energy agency forecast today that the price of crude oil is headed for a rebound, but it won't get back to where it had been. the agency represents 29 oil- importing nations. crude has risen back above $50 dollars a barrel in recent days, but that's less than half of last summer's peak price. >> ifill: and on wall street, stocks moved higher on hopes that greece might be willing to broker a deal with european creditors. the dow jones industrial average gained 139 points to close near

17,900. the nasdaq rose 61 points on the day. and the s-and-p 500 added 22. >> ifill: still to come on the newshour: using u.s. military might to attack islamic state militants; an update from nigeria on the now ten-month search for schoolgirls kidnapped and sold by boko haram; repairing strained relations between communities and police; from makeshift shelters to permanent housing, alternatives to slums in india; how to contain the outbreak of measles in the u.s.; and, the author of "still alice" on the challenges of early onset alzheimer's. >> woodruff: today's announcement of another american killed while in the hands of the islamic state group puts focus again on what's being done to contain and stop the extremist organization.

to that end, the white house is pushing for congressional authorization to use military force. multiple sources on capitol hill tell the newshour they expect the formal request to arrive tomorrow. for more on what the white house wants and why, and how lawmakers are responding to its efforts to win support, i'm joined by chief foreign affairs correspondent margaret warner and newshour political editor lisa desjardins. welcome back to you both. so margaret, why, first of all, is the administration doing this? they've been conducting a campaign against the islamic state for months. >> absolutely judy. they've been doing it, one to fight al qaeda and number two, to justify the invasion of iraq. but the president has been thinking about this for a long time. he did a speech in may of 2014 in which he said this is too open ended and could be used by any future president to justify enhanced powers that he felt

were inappropriate. so, one, it's sort of deeply felt by him, but two there are practical reasonsable he wants now bipartisan congressional buy-in for both domestic reasons for when he comes in with funding requests and for international reason, to send a message to allies and enemies alike that the american public is behind this. this isn't just the president going off and doing what he wants here and they're in for a listening fight. >> woodruff: what have you been able to learn about the language? what's in this request? >> i first have to say, we keep both being warned this could still change before it's introduced, but it's designed as one democratic said to thread the needle. because he wants a bipartisan bill, he has to come up with ways to get republican buy-in and avoid extremes on either end. so one, there are restrictions on the use of ground forces. it barred enduring offensive ground operations. that was the language as of the middle of the day. a lot of exemptions special

force, the advisers and trainers already on the ground in iraq. it would sunset so new future president would have to return for future authorization and it repeals one of the old aulfs the one about going into iraq, but not the one going into iraq. that's one the democrats wanted to repeal both and the republicans didn't want the repeal either. >> woodruff: lisa you've been talking to people on capitol hill. what kind of reception will this get she. >> margaret says the president has been thinking about this for a long time. members of congress have been thinking about this a lot for a long time. there's probably the perception in that the president has sent this up, even though he technically doesn't have to, it's an acknowledgement of the power of congress. that's appreciated obviously in the split power that we have now. however, judy, there's a lot of caution. people want to see the exact wording. because while you can say that the president has signaled, we've both been hearing from our source, that he's going to restrict ground troops in our

authorization, the wording matters so much. that's what members of congress, especially republicans, are waiting to see. what's interesting overall here is this is a bipartisan plan. it splits both parties. that's risky or it could be brilliant. we'll see what happens with the vote. >> woodruff: so it is coming down to... is the boots on the ground language the most important piece of this? is it the duration of the agreement? what is it that members are a arguing? >> there are many working parts. the ground troop component is crucial, especially for democrats. that might bring a lot of democrats on if they believe it is a truly firm restriction. if it doesn't he may lose the more liberal wing of the democratic party. but there's something else people are talking about. they're talking about what are the geographic parameters. what exactly does this limit in terms of geography. the old iraq war powers resolution was specific to iraq for the most part. well, the islamic state is something that goes beyond borders. how will the president deal with that in this resolution? so we're talking about

completely changing our approach to not just iraq but to a much broader territory. that's why language matters. >> tell us about that. >> senator kerry last december there was an earlier version of this which i won't get into but he made an impassioned statement in front of the senate committee saying no geographic limits. and there are no geographic limits in this. it doesn't mean it will survive because as senator corker's people are saying and senatorrer corker said, as far as we're concerned, this is just the starting point. we'll have hearings and we want the president to stay engaged. we want him to explain the strategy on syria which both leading democrat tim kaine and senator corker think has not been laid out. and the administration knows if they put this forward which they are going to, they can't risk the fiasco that happened back a year and a half ago where he said remember, i'm going to go to congress for authorization the strike syria and he kind of wimped out and that really damaged the perception of american leadership in the world.

the administration knows. >> woodruff: so it sounds like they're still sorting this out on the hill. it's not clear where the lines are going to be drawn. >> that's right. and i think the white house knows that. it's a slow roll. tomorrow we know that senate republicans are going to meet at 5:00 as a group. that indicates the seriousness of this. there are heavy politics involved here but there is also a sense on capitol hill that this is a very important national matter. they meet tomorrow, everyone in congress goes home next week, and then we'll see in the following weeks. in general i'm being told by my sources expect months of debate rather than weeks. >> is the white house sounding confident, not sure? what's your read? >> they're sounding confident their outreach has been successful and he's urged senator jon cornyn, the republican from texas, in fan of the white house, that he appreciated the outreach. so i think that the congress knows that the president is taking them seriously and the white house is putting a lot of stock in that.

but from talking to people on the hill, i think they'll have a lot to explain and a lot to answer for when they get there and testify. >> he needs 60 votes. tough. >> woodruff: it's not 51. assuming it does come out tomorrow, we will certainly be looking at it in greater length tomorrow. lisa desjardins, margaret margaret warner, thank you both. >> my pleasure. >> thank you. >> ifill: we turn now to nigeria, and the hundreds of schoolgirls kidnapped last year by boko haram. despite the global outcry over their disappearance, there are few signs they are ever coming back. and as jonathan miller of independent television news reports from abuja, many in the country have lost interest in their fate. >> reporter: in a nation where jaw-dropping scandals make front page headlines day after day there is one that does not. but day after day, every day the bring back our girls

campaign meets in abuja. their protest at times has the feel of a wake, but no one has told them whether, after more than 300 days, those whom they mourn are dead or alive. the government of president goodluck jonathan has promised again and again to bring the girls back, but the nigerian army has failed to bring back even one. nigeria and nigerians have moved on. this video was posted last may by boko haram, one month after they'd kidnapped more than 200 teenaged girls from a school in the small town of chibok. the insurgent leader said they'd be sold into slavery. nothing has been heard of them since. even the star-studded global hashtag bring back our girls campaign has pretty much fizzled

and died. >> it's actually very moving to be here. in this country of 200 million people, this handful of people turns out every single day to remember the missing chibok girls. the education minister doesn't even reply to their letters. they say if they didn't come here like this every day, the girls would be completely forgotten. >> we need to know where these girls are. we need to we really need to. you know for me the greatest pain is that i don't feel my government did the best that it could do for these girls. the regret that i have in my spirit concerning that failure is so profound.

just the thought that this is this is because they are poor, it makes me even angrier, because education is what enables you to conquer poverty. >> reporter: boko haram's relentless rampage has forced 1.5 million northern nigerians to run for their lives. thousands have been massacred and the virulent jihadi insurgency's spreading; the armies of neighboring states have joined this african war against terror. as each new atrocity eclipses the last, the plight of the girls from chibok feels like history. the threat posed by boko haram has even been blamed for the postponement of this week's presidential election. but a source close to the president told channel 4 news that the bring back our girls campaign was "a hostile force" too, that the group had been

hijacked by nigeria's political opposition. the campaigners scoff at this and vow that the girls will not be forgotten. >> where are we from? >> chibok. >> where are we from? >> nigeria. >> god bless you all. we will stand with these girls. we will stand with them. and we will stand with them. >> ifill: a rookie new york city police officer was indicted today in the shooting death of an unarmed man in a brooklyn housing project stairwell. the victim, akai gurley, was described as a "total innocent" in the case. new york is obviously not the only community grappling with the fallout from cases such as this. last night, we brought you a story about efforts to curb the use of similar lethal force in albuquerque, new mexico. so what are communities doing about it? for more on that, we turn to cornell william brooks,

president and ceo of the naacp and richard beary, president of the international association of chiefs of police. thank you both for joining me tonight. months later, after all the discussions of ferguson and staten island, what progress are we making mr. brooks in trying to get to police reform? >> i'm hopeful there is an emerging consent in both our ability to bring about policing reform and a concrete set of policy proposals. so whether it be at the federal level and the racial profiling act, which would tie federal funding to the training of police officers so that they don't engage in racial profiling to the naacp-supported and passage of the death in custody act. up until a little while ago you would ask the common sense question: how many

police-involved homicides are there in the country? there's no way to answer that question. i believe we're on our way to answering that question. to more flexibility in terms of promoting appointing special prosecutors. so there are a number of concrete proposals, reforms that we can pursue. and all across the country you're seeing a young, a generation of practitioners of democracy of protesting engaging in sit-ins and die-ins and who believesomething could be done. >> ifill: richard beary, do you agree on what the problem is that needs to be fixed? >> well, law enforcement is constantly emerging just like the crimes that you investigate. there's been a lot of changes since i started in this business in 1977. the international association of chiefs of police, we conducted a summit back in october, and we brought leaders from the naacp and aclu and lawyers for civil rights and those different groups to look at the status of police-community relations and where do we go from here. we recognize the number-one thing law enforcement needs to be effective is community

support. so we've got some great recommendations, and i've shared those. hopefully we will continue to move forward on that. you know, one of the things that needs to be said too is this is an enormous task. and when you consider that there's 12.5 million arrests in this country a year that's about 34,000 a day. and those people are under arrest for a myriad of things. these are people under the influence of alcohol, drugs, some of them have mental illness issues, and some are combative. so the opportunity for bad things to happen across this country is huge. that number is really relatively low. not great, but i do agree that there needs to be better data. cornell and i are absolutely in agreement. >> it's funny because some people think the beginning of the problem is police behavior and a lot of people believe that the root of the problem is community behavior. how do you even begin to guess what the solution is if you don't agree about what the root is? >> well, i think that you'd agree with me that because of the broken windows theory of

policing where we have a number of arrests and people being arrested and detained because they're underwhelmingly minor offenses, and sometimes meeting and facing overwhelmingly major lethal uses of force. i think we would both agree that's a broken theory. >> ifill: do you both agree on that? >> it depends on how you define it being broken. do i agree... no law enforcement executive i know supports mass incarceration, put it that way. we've never been one to support that. but broken windows has had its share of issues but on the flip side of that, if you're a resident in that area or a business owner some people think it's been very effective, so i think that's one of the challenges we have as remove forward is coming up with good metrics on how we measure success and effectiveness. >> ifill: here's a measure: a lot of people said at the beginning that police cameras dashboard cameras uniform cameras would make a big difference because we crowd see

it, we would have evidence. is that something we're making progress on? >> i think it's something we're making progress on but it's not a panacea. in other words, where we saw in the eric garner case where we had a man choked to death who said he could not breathe 11 times and he died between police officers on one side and first responders on the other. so video alone is not a substitute for fundamentally changing our policing in this country. making our police model community oriented. here's what we know: we know based on criminal research that where a community... where police first get the community to trust them they're best able to protect them. we know that. >> ifill: so it's training, or is it? >> it is. we agree absolutely on this. what's funny is if you go back to sir robert peal in 1829, he said for police to be effective you have to have community support. i absolutely agree. i also agrees that cameras are

not the panacea. will it give us an accurate recording of what happened, but that's too late in the ballgames sometimes. we need to be proactive. >> ifill: community support is different from police training. >> yes and no. to get that good police training, you need that public support, because where does the money come for police training? >> ifill: okay. when you say "support." >> you have to have those good public relations and support from the community. the drawback that i'm concerned about are cameras. the iacp has published some papers and model policies. what the big pushback that we're getting is not from the officers. it's from victims and citizens groups that are worried about privacy. so we're trying to figure out that balancing act, and i look forward to working with the naacp and other groups because i think it's an important tool but we have to make sure that it's used properly. >> okay. so we have the president's task force under way at the white house. we have task forces and communities around the country having this conversation. what is it that has to happen and what period of time for those kinds of governmental or

governmental solution factories to take effect? >> we need to have a sense of urgency here. we're in the era of mass incarceration. we can'tic forthat. we have young people who have lost their lives at the hands of police all across the country. thousands and thousands of young people protesting in sit-ins and die-ins. in terms of the recommendations of this task force we expect them to merge. i move they will reflect what the research demonstrates and what we know all across the country. you have to have civilian review boards with teeth, in other words, the ability to issue subpoenas with investigatory powers and the ability to punish and sanction officers. we need training. we need to have... to take the position that racial profiling is, in fact not only wrong but ineffective. >> ifill: richard beary? >> absolutely agree. racial profiling does not belong in law enforcement. >> ifill: what do you want to

come out of these task forces? >> what i hope to see out of the task forces, again, we have been asking for many years and we hope they'll continue to look at the bigger criminal justice system. right now it's all focused on police, but the system itself has not been looked at since 1967. so the system needs some adjustment. we expect training to be part of it. i'll never argue that the best cops are the best-trained cops but again, i think you also have to factor in that the men and women in this country wearing the uniform are in great danger, there are more cops killed between gunshot wounds last year and being hit by vehicles run over purposely, than were come bat troops killed in afghanistan last year. so we have to do a better job as a nation addressing violence and making the country safe. >> richard beary of the international chiefs of police and cornell william brooks of the naacp, thank you both so much. >> thank you. thank you.

>> woodruff: next, bringing dignity to people who live in the poorest housing in india and across the world. fred de sam lazaro has a report from mumbai on a man who founded the movement, slum dwellers international. it's part of our agents for change series. >> reporter: few cities display a wider gap between haves and have-nots than mumbai or bombay. real estate here is costlier than manhattan, yet two-thirds of this city of 16 million people live in slums, crammed spaces that are technically illegal and by most measures unfit or unsafe for human habitation. it's here that jockin arputham is a towering figure even though he's barely five feet tall. his efforts have helped nearly 40,000 families get out of dangerous and unsanitary improvised shelters to complexes like this one which is now providing new homes for squatters who were living under

electric towers. so you have 600 families here? >> yes. 600. >> reporter: how much of a dent does that make? are there many more families who still need... >> there are about 3000 families. >> reporter: and this is just people who are scwawlting in electric towers? >> yes. >> reporter: the apartments may not look like much one 225 square foot room, but it's brick and mortar instead of plywood and tarp. they have running water and something the majority of bombay's residents don't, a private toilet. of all the indignities suffered by slum dwellers, arputham says none is more humiliating than not having a toilet, private or public. >> if you don't have a toilet what does that mean? >> reporter: you don't have dignity. >> exactly. >> reporter: he knows it firsthand, he says, having migrated to the city 50 years

ago from south india with almost no formal education and no money. he began to organize neighbors in the 1970s and the group slum dwellers international went global in the '90s, fighting to gain recognition for slum residents as citizens in legitimate communities. too often, he says the urban poor have been stereotyped as lazy and criminal. >> everybody knows one person. >> reporter: meaning fully employed. >> meaning fully employed. >> reporter: and they come from all over the country? >> all over the country. >> reporter: the key to the group's progress has been organization by rallying and banding together diverse slum populations. their large numbers have forced often-indifferent government bureaucrats to take notice. >> i create a critical mass. this is my critical mass. >> reporter: they've used

guerrilla tactics, non-violent, they insist to push for their rights or for basic amenities like water hookups. if the city ignores or takes too long to respond to their requests, arputham takes on the task himself. >> i'm going to break open a water tap giving the connection to them. >> reporter: you're going to tap into the pipes. >> i've done it 1,000 times. when the police come i put children first then women. >> reporter: today he says there's no trouble to get electric utility to fund relocation for squatters who have lived under their towers or getting campaigning politicians to support the group's push for upgraded housing and especially public toilets. >> this is probably more than around 600 families. 600 families. >> reporter: who don't have a toilet now? >> who don't have a toilet. >> reporter: when he began building community-run public toilets like this one 25 years

ago, the funs mostly came from foreign aid agencies, he says. >> now the city government pays for this. >> reporter: so far they've completed or have contracts to build toilets serving some 600,000 people. they are run by the community with user fees about 2 u.s. cents per day for a family. a family in this case, mamta and dalsher bidlan is hired to care for the facility. mamta bidlan says having toilets so close to home is nice for woman, for whom this has long been a safety issue. >> the women had to go a long distance before and there were bad men that would create problems. now it's very easy for women to come here. >> reporter: arputham credits much of the organization's success to its mostly female volunteers. women have the right priorities for their families, he says, and

they are keenly tuned in to goings on in the community. >> if you want quality to change in life, you have to take it from women. if you don't recognize that, you're lost. >> reporter: what kinds of things specifically? >> everything starting from how to manage your money how to earn your money how to live women have all these qualities which men doesn't have. >> reporter: the women volunteers were mostly stay-at-home spouse, by tradition, not choice. they say their lives have been transformed. >> ( translated ): women have gotten ahead now. in years past, women used to be afraid of leaving their home. we've been able to get them out of the home by forming an organization. >> ( translated ): i used to be afraid of levelling the house afraid of living in the neighborhood. now i'm ready to do much more. he's given us the courage. >> ( translated ): he's taught

us how to organize ourselves, how the deal with the police. >> reporter: authorities who were once indifferent or even hostile are now partners with the group providing space for a new system of arbitration so disputes over property or domestic issues don't escalate to require arrest or court intervention. >> ( translated ): okay. we've heard your story. we'll now invite him in and see what he has to say. >> reporter: slum dwellers international now has chapters in 34 countries in ashark africa and south america. the success, though is dwarfed by the tasks they face where a majority now lives in cities. in mumbai alone, perhaps nine billion people still occupy unimproved slums or the sidewalk. this is fred de sam lazaro in mumbai, india, for the pbs "newshour."

>> woodruff: fda commissioner margaret hamburg today called the recent measles outbreak in the u.s. "alarming" and said the vaccine should be used by "everyone who has not been vaccinated." more than 120 cases have been reported in 17 states and the district of columbia since december. hamburg's comments came after other warnings from public health officials in california where a report by kqed public media told the story from marin county where unvaccinated children were invited to a so- called "measles party" for intentional exposure. the mother did not let her children take part. but the story underscored anew some of the many questions that have surfaced. to help get some clarity i spoke earlier today with dr. anne schucat. she's the director of c.d.c.'s national center for immunization and respiratory disease. dr. schucat, welcome to the "newshour." there's at least one media

report out of california, marin county, about a mother inviting other parents to bring their children over because the mother's child had the measles. are you hearing reports like this? what does the c.d.c. know and what is your recommendation? >> that really scares me. i haven't heard other reports of that. parents really need to know that measles can be serious. many children just have a mild illness, but it can result in pneumonia, dehydration and even encephalitis or death. i would hate for you to expose your child to the virus and end up as one of those outcomes. we strongly want parents to know that the measles vaccine is safe and effective and it's the best way to protect your child against this disease. >> what are you telling parents in terms of when they should get their children vaccinated? >> we recommend children are vaccinated with two shots in the young year. the first shot at 12 to 15 months, and the second one between the ages of four and six before they start kindergarten. it's okay to get the second dose

earlier as long as it's 28 days after the first dose. if your kids are traveling overseas and you'll be taking them to another country or the middle of the outbreak, we recommend starting the series as young as six months of age because the disease is so dangerous in young children. >> woodruff: what about for parents whose children were not vaccinated when they should have been? >> if you haven't got your kids vaccinated yet, it's okay. we want you to get them now, at least two doses one month apart. over 12 months, that's the recommended schedule. some parents might not know if they've been vaccinated. if they're traveling abroad, they'll need at least two doses. if they're working in health care settings, they also need to make sure they have two doses. unless they were born before 1957, in which case they don't need to be vaccinated because chances are they already had measles. >> woodruff: and for dumbs who aren't sure if they were vaccinated or don't have access to their own vaccination

records, what guidance should they follow? >> the most important thing to know is if you're traveling abroad, measles is still around, and it's important to get vaccinated. if you don't have records, there's in harm in getting another mmr vaccine. people don't think of traveling to europe as risky, but there's measles in europe. so we want people to know that the mmr vaccine is safe and effective and it's the best way to protect yourself and your family from this disease. >> woodruff: is it accurate to say that adults who are around children more may be more vulnerable? >> well, we don't want adults who are children spreading the measles to the young kids. most adults are protected from measles. east really the health care workers and the international travelers that we make a special effort to make sure have that documented immunity. if you're around young children and you're not sure it's fine to get another vaccine, but we'd really like the emphasis to be on parents keeping their kids up to date with all the recommended

vaccines. >> woodruff: dr. schucat for americans who may not realized the severity of measles who may just classify it as oh it's another childhood illness it's not really a big deal what is the c.d.c.'s message to them? >> before we had the measles vaccine 400 to 500 children died from measles here in the united states every year. around the world, 150,000 children died from measles last year. this virus can be serious and we don't know which of the kids that are going to have a severe complication. the measles vaccine is safe and effective. i strongly recommend it. >> woodruff: dr. anne schucat director for the national center of immunization and respiratory disease at the centers for disease control we thank you. >> thank you. >> ifill: a new film, and the book that inspired it, are

getting high praise this awards season for the spotlight they cast on the toll of early onset alzheimer's disease. jeffrey brown looks at the film and its subject, part of our occasional feature, "newshour goes to the movies." >> man has an instinctive tendency to speak as we see in the basketball of young children. >> reporter: rose anne brown when we first meet alice she's 50 years old, an accomplished professor of linguistics but something is happening. >> i hope we convince you by observing these baby steps into the... into... i... i knew i shouldn't have had that champagne. >> reporter: we watch as alice loses words, gets lost in familiar places, forgets appointments. eventually she's diagnosed with early onset alzheimer's. >> why won't you take me seriously? >>rose anne brown it's an up-close and sometimes raw portrait shown

from the perspective of someone with a disease that today affects more than 5 million american including some that have early on setd. >> sometimes i can see the words hanging in front of me and i can't riviera beach them. i don't know who i am and what i'm going to lose next. rose anne>> reporter: julianne moore played alice. the movie is based on lisa genova. maybe we could start. there why fiction? why was that the way to tell the story? >> it's a strange thing for a neuroscientist to turn to, right? my grandmother had alzheimer's, and as a neuroscientist in my family, i read everything i could find about alzheimer's to better understand what she was going through and to be better caregivers to her. and it helped but yet everything i read was written by the perspective of the outsider looking in so they were written

by clinician, scientists, caregivers, social workers, and the piece of information that was missing was an answer to the question: what does it feel like to have this? >> reporter: from the victim's point of view in. >> yeah. and i understood that knowing that answer was what i really needed to stay connected to my grandmother. and somehow i had this intuitive understanding that fiction and literature are a places where we can explore empathy and have the chance the walk in someone else's shoes some that was really the seed for the book. >> reporter: and your decision to focus it on a relatively young woman and an extremely intelligent woman, in fact, a woman who works with words and language, why that route? >> so focusing on somebody who 50 rather than someone in their 80s was a very conscious choice. i think that i am like a lot of people that my initial sort of picture of alzheimer's, if you'd ask me what does it look like, i pictured as this is the disease

of the dying elderly. alzheimer's is someone who is in their 80s, who is in a nursing home in end stage. you picture end stage alzheimer's. what does living with alzheimer's look like, and for writing this book, i wanted to understand the perspective of alzheimer's from the very first symptoms and for the people i came to know when i was doing research for the book were people living with early onset alzheimer's who could describe what it feels like from the very first oh, where did i put my keys, and they were in their 40s, 50s and 60s, and they're not included in what gets talked about when people talk about alzheimer's. and so i was hoping to give living with alzheimer's a face and a voice. >> and, of course the drama of that is just... >> and it raises the stakes. we all place so much worth and identity in what we do for a living, and if that gets stripped away, if you're someone like alice and you've put all of your worth in thinking and you can't do that because of alzheimer's, because it robs you

of memory and cognition and language, then who are you and how do you matter? >> reporter: this is a short clip of alice with her children. they all know about her alzheimer's at this point. but it shows how they're trying to go on in a sorted of normal way. let's look at this. >> olivia what time is your play? >> 8:00. >> are youer in vs. about tomorrow night? >> yes. i'll definitely have to block all of you out. >> sorry. what time did you say it was again? >> 8:00. >> mom, you don't have to schedule it. >> i want to put it in? >> 8:00. >> mom, it's in the like we're going to forget to bring you. >> let her do it. >> you're not helping. >> you're not helping. why should she worry about remembering something she doesn't have to remember. >> let her do something. >> why are you talking about her. she's sitting right here. >> i'm not. i'm talking to her. aren't i, mom? >> yes, yes, you are.

>> it goes to the question of how the person and the families live together. do you find people withdraw or do they want to stay together in. >> you see both. i think that everyone who is touched by this disease goes through the stages of grief. you're sort of losing the relationship you had with the person with alzheimer's and so you go through denial and anger and bargaining and hopefully ultimately acceptance, but not everyone goes through those stages at the same rate at the same time, so you get a whole family in the room and you have dad who is in denial and a brother who is angry and you're all trying to have a conversation about someone you love, but you tend to kind of miss each other. some people stay in denial and retreat. it's really terrifying and heart breaking and a lot of people have hard time showing up in the sort of new reality. whereas others, you know surprisingly step forward, someone like lydia in the movie no one would expect. >> it's still alice, right.

alice knows that she's alice but in many ways she's not. you see the confusion. you also see some of the shame. is there still a stigma attached? >> absolutely. this is fortunately one of the things that the book and now the movie are helping to eliminate and to kind of in a big way. there's a lot of shame and stigma and alienation associated with alzheimer's. people tend to retreat and not talk about this. it's a lot like cancer was, like h.i.v. was. it's an easy population to ignore in some ways and yet if we're going to ultimately have alzheimer's survivors and then hopefully in the near future, we need to begin to talk about this and get rid of that shame and stigma. >> >> reporter: so you think of the book and the movie as teaching tools even while telling an entertaining story at the same time. >> oh, yeah, well, you know, fiction and film, they're accessible. if i as a neuroscientist have written a non-fiction book about alzheimer's. if i stayed in the lab and continued to do brain research and i published in the journal

of neuroscience you're not going to read that article... >> probably not. >> no, so this is a way to make this very scary upsetting topic accessible to people where people can gather in living rooms over wine and cheese and book clubs and go to the movie theater and new see a very vivid example of what living with alzheimer's looks like, and you can realize that you're in the alone in this. over five million americans are going through this right now, and historically we have not been talking about this. >> reporter: you're hearing that from people, that kind of reaction your getting? >> absolutely. it's worldwide. i'm hearing from people living with alzheimer's in australia, canada, the u.k., all over the u.s. it's really rewarding. >> reporter: all right the book and movie, "still alice," lisa genova, thank you. >> you're welcome. thank you. >> ifill: there's more with lisa genova, she talked to jeff on how to spot the early signs of alzheimer's.

watch that on our home page pbs.org/newshour. >> woodruff: finally tonight, how we deal with difficult decisions about the end of life, and how doctors talk with their patients about it. all too often, those answers are not good, with too many doctors untrained and uncomfortable discussing it. it's the subject of tonight's frontline, featuring doctor atul gawande, a surgeon and writer who has a recent book on the subject called, "being mortal." the film profiles several personal stories including that of jeff shields, a man who was suffering from a rare form of lymphoma and underwent a bone marrow transplant. his cancer returned and he made a decision to die at home. here's an excerpt about that decision, and how he discussed it with his grandson. ♪

>> as this home time began to unfold, i began to realize how... how difficult it was, partly because our house was not organized or arranged to comfortably do this. suddenly you have a hospital bed in the middle of your living room. >> then i need you to help me bring my feet up. >> here, malcolm. we're going to help pop pop take his slippers off. can you do that? you want it to be as comfortable and happy a place for him as it can be. and at the same time, it's, you know, it's sort of the elephant in the room. >> have i talked to you at all >> have i talked to you at all about my thoughts on dying? >> no. >> is it too hard? okay.

let me just tell you this. i'm not afraid of dying. i've had a long and wonderful life. and one of the nice things about being on the farm is that you realize everything dies. there's a cycle of life-- the cows die, the trees die, the grass dies, the fish die, and people die. >> aren't you sad that you're going to be missing out on a lot of things? >> well, i will be. and, you know, i had hoped to have another ten or 15 years, but you don't always get what you want. i love you. >> i love you, too. >> see you in a few minutes. >> in those last weeks, you

know, as his space narrowed and narrowed to that bed, it grew in terms of the people he was drawing in. i hate to cry. i'm sorry. um, but that's another one of those paradoxes, you know as your... as your world comes closer and smaller and smaller, it becomes bigger and bigger. and he was seeing that. >> ifill: you can watch frontline's "being mortal" tonight on most pbs stations. and on our homepage, pbs.org/newshour, you can find our conversation with dr. gawande about the book behind the documentary. >> woodruff: again, the major developments of the day. the family of american aid worker kayla jean mueller announced she's died in syria, after 18 months as a hostage of "islamic state" militants. the white house said the exact circumstances of her death remain unclear.

battles raged across eastern ukraine on the eve of new peace negotiations. and president obama warned russian president putin that the costs of continued interference in ukraine will rise. and new englanders used a lull between storms to dig out from yet another two feet of snow. >> ifill: on the newshour online right now, what do a group of artists living in rural alaska do with only six hours of daylight in the dead of winter? they get creative by making colorful puppets. meet "geppetto's junkyard," a puppet show troupe tackling topics for adults. our partner station alaska public media met them recently, and you can watch that on our home page. all that and more is on our web site, pbs.org/newshour. >> woodruff: that's the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woff >> ifill: and i'm gwen ifill. we'll see you on-line and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us here at the pbs newshour, thank you and good night.

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report" with tyler mathisen and sue herera. fresh fizz. coke erpings and sales gave the stoblg a jolt but can the blue chip with a red can turn around years of sluggish global growth? finding a floor. everyone looking for one in oil prices but after today's tumble could this be it? and in the record books, apple today did something no u.s. company, no company anywhere has ever done before. it closed at a record market value of more than $700 billion. all that and more tonight on "nightly business report" for tuesday, february 10th. good evening, everyone. stocks break their two-day losing streak and the s&p 500 closes at its highest level this year. thanks in part to hopes for a deal