captioning sponsored by wnet >> sreenivasan: on this edition for sunday, april 12th. hillary clinton makes it official. she will seek the presidency. president obama faces criticism after his historic meeting with cuban leader raul castro. and in our signature segment, san francisco's bold plan to eliminate all new hiv infections next on pbs newshour weekend. >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by:

corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we are your retirement company. additional support is provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. from the tisch wnet studios in lincoln center in new york, hari sreenivasan. >> sreenivasan: good evening. thanks for joining us. hillary clinton made it official today, she's running for president. she made the announcement in a video posted online this afternoon. it featured people from traditionally democrat-leaning groups, including hispanics, african americans, women, and gays, all talking about how they're getting ready for the future. >> i'm getting ready for something too. i'm running for president. americans have fought their way back from tough economic times but the deck is still stacked in

favor of those at the top. everyday americans need a champion and i want to be that champion. so you can do more than just get by. you can get ahead and stay ahead. because when families are strong, america is strong. >> sreenivasan: hours before her announcement, one of the republican front runners, former florida governor jeb bush, released his own video. in it, he tied clinton to what he called the "failed policies" of the last seven years. >> we must to do better than the obama-clinton foreign policy that has damaged relationships with our allies and emboldened our enemies. better than their failed, big- government policies that grow our debt and stand in the way of real economic growth and prosperity. >> sreenivasan: we'll have more in a moment. president obama returned home early today following the summit of the americas in panama where he had a historic meeting with cuban leader raul castro. appearing on the sunday morning talks shows, secretary of state john kerry said the decades-old american embargo against cuba had failed to prompt reforms in

that country. he predicted engagement would lead to change there. >> the belief is very powerful that by beginning to engage, by beginning to have greater travel, greater ability to move, greater ability to visit, ideas and opportunities will grow that the cuban people themselves will have a greater opportunity for expression and for exchange of views. and that is what will promote a transformation over a period of time. >> sreenivasan: but new jersey democratic senator robert menendez, a cuban-american, criticized the get-together saying the cuban regime continues to arrest hundreds of political dissidents. >> i think the president has a misguided calculation that if you open your hands to dictators they will unclench their fists. >> sreenivasan: the islamic extremist group known as isis has posted video showing what it claims are its fighters destroying yet another ancient site in iraq. the video shows isis members entering buildings in the ancient city of nimrud, using sledgehammers and saws to destroy assyrian artifacts.

the city was founded more than 3,000 years ago, in the 13th century b.c. ( explosion ) isis has destroyed several ancient historical sites attacking what it claims are depictions of "false idols" pope francis has made several recent comments denouncing isis's attacks on christianity. and today, in comments that could affect vatican relations with the wider muslim world, the pope said the massacre of armenians 100 years ago amounted to genocide. >> ( translated ): it is necessary, and indeed a duty, to honor their memory, for whenever memory fades, it means that evil allows wounds to fester. >> sreenivasan: as many as a million and a half armenians were killed during world war one in what is now turkey. turkey today condemned the pope's remarks, calling them" far from historical reality." a washington post reporter, jason rezaian, who has been detained in iran for more than eight months, is now facing charges of espionage and acting against national security and will be tried in iran's

revolutionary court. this from the semi-official fars news agency. the f.a.r.'s report says rezaian obtained economic and industrial information from iran and sold it to unnamed americans. rezaian holds dual american and iranian citizenship. the u.s. government has called for his release. the government of australia is preparing to stop welfare benefits to families that do not vaccinate their children. prime minister tony abbott says his so-called "no jab, no pay" plan is meant to protect public health. its estimated that 39,000 children in that country of nearly 23 million are unvaccinated. parents can currently claim medical or religious exemptions. and amazon has filed suit in an effort to block fake reviews on its website. amazon says the companies it's going after are fabricating as many five-star reviews as their customers are willing to pay for. amazon says the bogus reviews are being quote "slow dripped" onto its website to make them more difficult to detect.

for more about hillary clinton's run for the presidency, we are joined now from washington by one of the nation's top political reporters. dan balz, the chief correspondent of the washington post. so what is the vision that hillary clinton wants to lay out? >> based on everything we know about hillary clinton's life and life story she's going to talk a lot about middle class middle class income security economic mobility income inequality but not in a hard-edged way. we know that that was the focus certainly of the eight clinton years when her husband was president. everything she said in the run-up over the last 18 months as she has gotten ready to become a formal candidate points in that direction. so i think that's part of it. and i think the secretary is she has always had a more muscular foreign policy than some others in the

democratic party. i think that is one of the questions given all of the turmoil in the middle east and elsewhere how she will address that. >> is there a difference now i guess eight years later than the hill rae that was running against barack obama and perhaps a different strategy where at that time maybe she had different goals in mind of establishing her credibility versus now she's kind of got that. she was his secretary of state. >> when she ran eight years ago, one of the things that one of her advisors suggested was she needed to project kind of a margaret thatcher image. you know, the iron lady image from thatcher's days as prime minister in britain. i don't think she's in that position today. she has been secretary of state as you say. and i think that at this point everything suggests that what she needs to do or wants to do is projected different kind of personality and persona on the campaign trail. warmer, friendlier more-- closer to the ground. her first trip to iowa which will take place in a couple

of days is likely to feature almost entirely small events intimate gatherings not big rallies no presumptiveness on the campaign trail that this is not a kind of a privileged march through a coronation. but something in which she's going to get her hands dirty trying to connect with voters. >> and iowa was one of the places she didn't necessarily connect with the voters last time. >> no, absolutely. i have been in and out of iowa a half a dozen times over the last year and talked to people including democratic activists. and they remember that campaign with very mixed views. the sense that both secretary clinton and in fact a lot of the senior staff from the national campaign around her didn't pay proper attention did not campaign in the way iowans like. iowans expect a lot of hands-on campaigningment and she didn't do that very well. she did to the like the caucus process which is a bit of an arcane process. she came away with that with a bad taste in her mouth. i think she wants to erase a

lot of those feelings that she has a disdain for iowa or iowans are the iowa process. >> srennivasan: so this doesn't happen in a vacuum. tomorrow we're expecting marco rubbio to announce his intention for the candidacy. she has already been getting critiques from republicans and conservatives before she even launches. and at the same time she's also taking a little bit of heat or lack of support from progressives who think perhaps she's not left enough. >> i think it will be very difficult for her ever to quite satisfy the progressives in the party. she's probably not going to go as far as they would like. she will tip somewhere in their direction. i think she is somewhat to the left of her husband in their views on economic policy issues. but she will also very much be the target as you suggest of all the republican candidates. they will tie her to the criticisms they've been making already of president obama's foreign policy. they will talk about things she has or hasn't done as secretary of state. they will try to hold that

record up to great scrutiny. she's going to get a ton of criticism. she stands very you know significantly in the political landscape as in may be ways a dominant figure. and she will draw attacks from all sides and within her own party she won't be able to satisfy everybody. and among the republicans they will tee off on her as they've already indicated they're planning to do. >> dan balz of the "washington post" thanks so much. >> thank you hari. >> sreenivasan: the outbreak of h.i.v. infections in southern indiana continues to escalate. up about 30% in the past two weeks. 106 cases have now been reported there. the virus is believed to have been transmitted through needles shared among intravenous drug users. last week we told you briefly of indiana's plans to slow the transmission by opening needle exchanges, but san francisco a city that lost thousands to an

h.i.v. epidemic in the 80's has a more ambitious goal, to end all new h.i.v. infections. newshour special correspondent john carlos frey reports. >> reporter: at ward 86, a bustling outpatient h.i.v. clinic at san francisco general hospital, nurse diane jones drops everything when this pager goes off. it means that someone in the city just tested h.i.v.- positive. >> so, i'm going to make him an appointment. jones is following a protocol called "rapid" which is designed to get new h.i.v.-positive individuals into treatment immediately. >> just got diagnosed today last negative was june. >> sreenivasan: jones scrambles to make plans for the new patient who is seen just hours later. it's part of an ambitious plan in san francisco to completely end new h.i.v. infections. each year about 50,000 people in the united states are infected with h.i.v. and while the disease has moved off the front pages as treatment has made infection more of a manageable chronic condition, an estimated

13,700 people still die from aids in the u.s. each year. globally, an estimated 1.5 million people are killed. it's the sixth leading cause of death. in san francisco there are relatively few new h.i.v. infections, 359 in 2013 and overwhelmingly found in gay men. it's a number that has been falling over the past eight years. but new infections haven't gone away. today, public health officials, doctors, and activists are increasing their efforts to bring that number all the way down to zero. >> we are talking about ending the h.i.v. epidemic. >> reporter: dr. diane havlir is chief of the h.i.v./aids division at san francisco general hospital and a founder of the city's "getting to zero" consortium. >> h.i.v. is one of the worst epidemics of its time. it's taken a huge toll on our city, a huge toll all around the world. we know how to prevent this disease, we know how to treat this disease. so why would we not want to prevent every single infection,

and prevent every single death? >> reporter: in san francisco which has spent $400 million dollars fighting h.i.v. over the last decade, this plan calls for controversial new drugs as well as established prevention strategies. but it starts with immediate treatment for new h.i.v. infections. >> it did, okay. >> reporter: one of dr. havlir's patients, jose, who is openly gay but asked that we conceal his identity because his family doesn't know about his health issue, went through the "rapid" protocol when he was diagnosed with h.i.v. almost a year ago. >> say ahhhh. >> reporter: within 24 hours of being diagnosed jose was here at ward 86, and days later receiving h.i.v. medication. >> i was on medication on the third day. and undetectable within less than 30 days. >> reporter: undetectable, meaning his h.i.v. viral load had been reduced by medication to the point where it couldn't be detected. and the faster a new patient is undetectable, the faster he reduces his chance of transmitting the virus to others.

in san francisco, about two- thirds of h.i.v. positive individuals are virally suppressed, like jose, more than double the national average. but that requires an enormous effort. >> they might end up in the hospital, that's when we're going to meet them again. >> reporter: we followed social worker sandra torres on the bus as she checked up on a few patients who needed extra help keeping up with their appointments. she and other social workers are continually tracking people down. >> we're going to knock on the door. >> reporter: in the gritty tenderloin district we went to a single-room occupancy hotel where an h.i.v. positive patient was staying. he's an intravenous drug user and not taking medication. >> hi honey, how you doing? >> reporter: torres dropped off an appointment reminder and i asked her about the patient afterward. it seems like an enormous effort for one person. >> that's what it's gonna take, though. that is absolutely what it's gonna take. >> reporter: but in san francisco, getting to zero is also banking on the expanded use of a new tool: a drug that protects individuals from becoming infected with h.i.v. it's called truvada.

>> if you take the pill once a day, and you take it consistently, you will reduce your risk of h.i.v. infection by at least 90%, and perhaps as high as 99%. >> reporter: scott wiener is an elected city supervisor and a member of the "getting to zero" consortium. >> it just makes sense for people to consider this additional prevention tool. it made sense for me. and i'm glad that i'm on it. >> reporter: wiener, who represents the largely gay castro district and who is gay himself, went public about his own use of the drug regimen last fall and makes taking the once- a-day-pill part of his routine each morning. >> my decision to disclose is really to raise awareness, so more people know about it and look into it, to try to increase access and provide momentum for better access and to try to reduce stigma. so whatever stereotypes people have, maybe we can help break those stereotypes. >> reporter: including the

stereotypes raised by some critics that taking a pill that prevents h.i.v. infection would lead to more promiscuous behavior. we're talking about a drug that in some circles has a stigma of opening the door to a free- wheeling sex society. h.i.v.'s no longer a threat and we don't have to worry about unprotected sex. do you get any of that backlash? >> there are some people who have that view. and it's really the same argument as when people would argue if you give women access to the birth control pill, you're just gonna encourage them to be promiscuous. or if you vaccinate young girls against h.p.v. you're gonna turn them into, i think one person said, "you'll turn them into nymphomaniacs." or if you give sex ed to high- school students or middle-school students you're gonna encourage them to be promiscuous. these are completely specious arguments. this is about giving people every tool available to protect their sexual health. >> reporter: the use of truvada for h.i.v. prevention was approved by the fda in july 2012.

the centers for disease control issued guidelines in may of last year recommending the drug for those with substantial risk of hiv infection. in san francisco, researchers believe that wider adoption of the drug could dramatically reduce new h.i.v. infections, but so far only a few thousand san franciscans have taken the drug in the last year. so why isn't the use of this drug more widespread? there are some side effects, as well as speculation that doctors may be hesitant to prescribe a preventative drug to healthy patients, and then there's the price. although covered by most insurance, truvada, is listed at more than $1000 a month even so, it's not nearly the solution that its proponents make it out to be, according to michael weinstein, president of the aids healthcare foundation, one of the largest aids organizations in the world. >> i think the evidence shows that it is not a good public health strategy. >> reporter: why is that? >> well, because people don't adhere. >> reporter: while studies have shown that the regimen can be over 90% effective when taken

everyday, weinstein points out that the efficacy drops off when people miss their daily dose. he also says that relying on a pill instead of a condom may lead to a rise in other sexually transmitted diseases. >> the motivation that people have for taking truvada is to be able to have sex without a condom. >> reporter: do you think that people don't want to wear condoms either? >> i think men in general don't wanna wear condoms. that's just an absolute truth. i mean, and it's not surprising. but, you know, we don't wear seatbelts either, you know, or helmets or a lot of other things. but they're a necessity. >> reporter: so wouldn't it be better then, to just take a pill every day instead of worrying about transmitting h.i.v.? >> you know what? if it was guaranteed that everybody would take it every day as prescribed. obviously our attitude about it would be completely different if we didn't have to rely on the person to take that pill every single day. >> reporter: san francisco department of public health chief barbara garcia says the city is working to make sure the drug is taken as prescribed, and that doesn't lead to other safe sex practices being abandoned. >> we have already started in trying to educate young people,

particularly about this. and that's one of the challenges of having even if we had a cure, that would be the same challenge we would have. >> reporter: do you see that happening though? i mean, obviously, if you're having unsafe sex, you're going to be transmitting other sexually-transmitted diseases here >> and, in fact, we've seen a little bit of a rise in s.t.d. here in san francisco. and we're addressing that as well. >> reporter: it's not clear that an increase in stds is related to an increase in the use of truvada. and garcia is committed to the drug regimen being a part of "getting to zero" in san francisco. and believes that the city's approach to ending hiv, including the lives and money it will save, will eventually trump any controversy. >> reporter: you can prove to them that you can save money by your model? >> absolutely. an h.i.v. prevention versus an h.i.v. positive client in care, yes, we can. >> reporter: san francisco has made tremendous advances in battling an epidemic that his this city harder than most. and according to dr. havlir actually getting to zero is within reach. >> i think we would all

acknowledge that it is going to be difficult to do, but i think if, as we say, if anybody can do it we think that we can show people how it can be done starting here. >> sreenivasan: learn more about truvada, the controversial pill that's a major part of san francisco's plan to wipe out h.i.v., visit pbs.org/newshour. china's official growth rate is one of those statistics that people around the world pay close attention to. after all, it's the second largest economy in the world. but some question the numbers. and bloomberg reporter ken hoffman, who just returned from china, says he has plenty of anecdotal evidence that the economy there is in greater trouble than can be seen by the numbers. he joins us now. so you focus on metals mining. when you went through the countryside, what did you see? >> so the new government came in about four years ago. about two years ago they had a meeting called the third plenum where they decide the country's future over the next ten years.

what people were tell me is this is a completely different china. they are really going to change everything about what china does. and this was the first time i witnessed that change which is instead of you know, china consumes about half of the world's metal and mining cement, i think it's every 12 days they consume an entire year's worth of u.s. cement demandment now you are seeing the country saying enough is enough. you have heard the under the dome documentary about pollution. and they're really leaning toward sort of upgrading the economy with-- and it's going to have big implications to the world. >> srennivasan: so you saw what basically that the thrust on manufacturing has slowed? >> first of all the thrust on real estate has slowed. one of the things people said was the locallities really were pushing this big growth engine. the locality if you put all the plansing to plan to build homes for 3.4 billion people, they only have 1.2 billion people so there was massive overgrowth. and what i saw was a lot of empty buildings, a lot of taxi drivers sort of saying

through an interpreter hey my aunt lost money in this or my uncle lost money in that place. it's all sort of just stopped. >> srennivasan: so given all this why do you see such a burst of energy in the chinese stock market. >> that makes all the sense. because of instead of investing in real estate, the chinese people have turned all their income to the stock market. you have seen an incredible amount of money leave the real estate industry and go into the stock market and the stock market has doubled over the last year or so. >> what are the ripple affects if the chinese economy slows significantly more than what we are predicts or what the world markets are predicting. >> the chinese government son i a tightrope. what they are really trying to do is change the economy upgrade the economy go higher value added. and the question is can they do it? i really have to give credit for the government. they're being very very brave. there is a lot of entrenched interest against that. really going after the growth engine of the country for the last 20 years. they're changing that now. an whether they can succeed or not will mean a lot for

not only china and their people but the world economy. >> ken hoffman thanks so much for joining us. >> thank you. >> this is pbs newshour weekend sunday. >> sreenivasan: if you haven't looked recently, we can tell you that two adult coloring books, that's right, adult coloring books, now rank first and second on amazon's list of best sellers. the craze has taken hold in great britain as well. i.t.v.'s david wood reports. >> despite the folios, plays and literary classics it's a coloring book that's flying off the shelves selling more than a million copies secret garden is capturing adults imagination as they add color to these pen drawings. and it is a craze that has taken book shops by surprise. >> publishing has really improved in categories, as a result we've got loads of really good books to sell. >> this artist is the woman who is reinventing coloring in. encouraged by her friend to publish her black and white drawings, she has now

created a best-seller. >> when i started out i just wanted to make a book that i would like and i hope that a few other people would feel the same way and buy it i just think it's a really lovely way to destress and be creative. >> she has already released a secret on sale in an increasingly crowded market. >> sales of coloring books are continuing to boom across the arts an craft section rising by 300% in the last year. for this best several the secret garden sales rose by a thousand percent in the last year. with word spreading shops are selling out fast. customers all with their own reason to dig out their pens and pencils. >> if i have little children i will put them with their coloring book and i will sit down and color my book. >> it is relaxation something different. >> it is fun yeah. >> anyone can do this can't they is this. >> and there are plenty of books to practice on with new adult artists look to prove they too can color in between the lines. david wood itv news.

>> for more news before we leave you the united states is protesting what it calls aggressive pan ufers by the pilot of a russian fighter plane. the pentagon says he came dangerously close to an american recon sass plane over international waters. and in kenya today, one university student died more than a hundred others were injured after an electrical explosion created panic. many students jumped from windows fearing that a terror attack was under way. last week more than 140 kenyan students were shot dead by terrorists. joining us on air and onion line tomorrow i'm hari vooen voon. have a good night. -- hari sreenivasan have a good night. captioning sponsored by wnet

captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we are your retirement company. additional support is provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you.

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