captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: violence escalates in eastern ukraine. a ceasefire on the brink after rebels clash with troops. good evening, i'm judy woodruff. >> ifill: and i'm gwen ifill. also ahead this thursday: our running series continues, with south carolina senator lindsey graham, and his bid for the republican nomination >> woodruff: plus, cracking ebola's code. scientists search for live samples of deadly diseases to uncover how infections spread among animals and jump into humans. >> there are likely some versions of ebola that don't make you sick at all, there are some versions that probably don't infect humans at all and there are some that may infect humans, but not spread the way this does.

>> ifill: those are some of the stories we're covering on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> lincoln financial-- committed to helping you take charge of your life and become you're own chief life officer. >> supported by the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation. committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful world. more information at macfound.org >> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, technology and improved economic performance and financial literacy in the 21st century. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> this program was made possible by the corporation for

public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: there's word this evening of an extensive new government data breach. it's widely reported that suspected chinese hackers broke into the interior department and the office of personnel management, which handles security clearances. o.p.m. says data for four million people may be compromised. meanwhile, "the new york times" and "propublica" report the national security agency expanded its internet spying in 2012, to cover foreign cyber- attacks. the surveillance is not regulated by the u.s.a. freedom act just signed into law. >> ifill: floods and fire rocked the west african state of ghana early today, killing at least 150 people. the victims were sheltering at a gas station, in the capital city of accra.

it exploded when flames from a nearby fire reached fuel that spilled into the flood water. cell phone footage showed fires burning out of control. ghana's president blamed the disaster partly on homes that blocked drainage systems, and led to the flooding. >> we'll have to take some measures to be able to avoid this happening in the future. and often when these measures are drastic, you have a lot of sympathy and pressure not to take those measures but i think that the time has come, you know, for us to remove houses out of water waste. >> ifill: in addition to those killed in the explosion, local accounts said many others drowned in the high water. >> woodruff: in china, recovery teams began work to right a cruise ship that capsized monday on the yangtze river. more than 200 divers have searched the ship, and recovered 77 bodies, including some pulled from holes cut into the hull. but more than 360 people are

still missing. >> ( translated ): the reason why we have decided to upright the ship is that, first, we haven't been able to find any more survivors after the recent rescue work and second according to experts' analysis there is very slim hope of finding any survivors in the ship. >> woodruff: communist party leaders promised today there will be no cover-up in the disaster. but, they also directed police to "safeguard social stability." all of this, as thousands in hong kong marked 26 years since government tanks and troops crushed protests in beijing's tiananmen square. it's the only place in china where such vigils are allowed. >> ifill: back in this country, the family of a boston man killed by police said reports that he'd become an islamist radical are a complete shock. they called for a thorough investigation of his fatal shooting. usaama rahim had been under surveillance in a terror investigation. police say they fired when he came at them with a knife.

>> woodruff: public tributes began in delaware today for beau biden, the vice president's eldest son. he died last weekend of brain cancer. the former state attorney general lay in honor in the delaware senate chamber. vice president biden and other family members attended a brief service and spent much of the afternoon greeting mourners. the funeral will be held saturday. >> ifill: former texas governor rick perry today formally opened his second bid for the republican presidential nomination. his first attempt collapsed in 2012, after a series of gaffes. perry made his declaration at an airport hangar in addison, texas. perry was flanked by former navy seals as he declared "the end of an era of failed leadership." >> we don't have to accept slow growth that leaves behind the middle class, that leaves millions of americans out of work. we don't have to settle for crumbling bureaucracies that target taxpayers and harm our veterans. we don't have to resign

ourselves to debt and decay and slow growth. we have the power to make things new again. >> ifill: also today, aides to former florida governor jeb bush confirmed he'll formally announce his own presidential run, june 15. and democratic frontrunner hillary clinton called for automatic voter registration for 18-year-olds, while denouncing republican efforts to enact voter i.d. laws. >> ifill: the u.s. house of representatives voted today to keep restrictions on travel to cuba. majority republicans attached the provision to a transportation bill. it's a direct rebuff to president obama's diplomatic opening to havana and the white house has threatened a veto, if the bill gets through the senate. >> ifill: the government has concluded that hydraulic fracturing, or "fracking," does not do widespread harm to drinking water. that's in a draft report today from the environmental protection agency. the study tracked water injected deep underground, in fracking,

to open oil and gas deposits. >> woodruff: doctors in texas have performed the world's first partial skull and scalp transplant. the recipient was jim boysen, a 55-year-old cancer patient from austin. radiation treatments had destroyed part of his skull, and he also needed a new kidney and pancreas because of diabetes. at a houston hospital today, he said he opted for an experimental, 15-hour operation to do everything at once. >> i mean, i couldn't get transplant surgery i needed for the organs without fixing my scalp, but i couldn't fix my scalp because of the failure of my organs. so i was in a catch-22, like between a rock and a hard place. and so i said sure, i'm open to that. >> woodruff: the operation was performed on may 22. >> ifill: and it was a long day on wall street. stocks fell after greece announced it won't make a payment due tomorrow to the

i.m.f. and other creditors. this after days of talks that seemed to be heading to a resolution. the dow jones industrials dropped 170 points to close back near 17,900. the nasdaq fell 40 points and the s&p 500 dropped 18. >> woodruff: still to come on the newshour: unrest in ukraine. violence in the east shatters a ceasefire. senator lindsey graham on his presidential bid. scientists search for elusive, live samples of ebola in animals to uncover how humans become infected. frontrunners and underdogs in the world of sports. and, personal butlers for the masses, a service that can cater to your every need. >> ifill: ukrainian president petro poroshenko told his military today to prepare for a possible "full scale" invasion from russia. the remarks came one day after a

new outbreak of fighting in eastern ukraine, which claimed the lives of more than 25 people, and injured dozens more. speaking to the ukrainian parliament, poroshenko described what he called a "colossal threat of the resumption of large-scale hostilities by russian and terrorist forces." and he said, contrary to moscow's denials, those russian troops are in rebel-controlled areas. >> ( translated ): there are 14 russian battalions, tactical groups that include over 9,000 russian military servicemen, in ukrainian territory. the concentration of russian servicemen along the national border with ukraine is 1.5 times bigger than a year ago. the military must be ready as much for a renewal of an offensive by the enemy in the donbass as they are for a full- scale invasion along the whole length of the border with russia. we must be truly ready for this. >> ifill: a cease-fire signed in february has been steadily crumbling, as international monitors report regular violations.

david herszenhorn of the "new york times" has been following the story from moscow. those are pretty strong words from victor poroshenko today dade. they were backed up by what nato has been saying, as well. >> there's no question gwen. what we see is we've entered a very tense, in fact quite dangerous period of time where ukraine's western ally especially france and germany, have become extremely frustrated by the slow pace, the failure actually to implement that ceasefire accord signed back in february. so we see an increase in hostilities as both sides are trying to show that the other is responsible for these violations, for the increase in violence and for the failure to move forward with political compromises needed for a long-term settlement. >> ifill: what has happen since february between new and then, that's resulted in this latest explosion of violence? >> well what we see now is the european union has begun to consider whether to extend

economic sanctions against russia. those are set to expire without any further action by the end of july. the ceasefire had been mostly holding, but as each side tries to position itself, of course we expect that this kind of violence will flare up. at the same time petro poroshenko has said the country is suffering greatly. the economy is on the verge of collapse. they feel this constant threat of war some tensions are really running high. now as we push toward this question of renewal of sanctions, each side wants to show the other is more at fault, laying the groundwork for what could be tough talks ahead. >> ifill: what if any evidence does poroshenko or nato have of russian activity on the border. >> there is a lot of heavy equipment, tanks weaponry that is on the ground still in

eastern ukraine. most of that appears, if not all of it to have come from russia across the border which is unsecured. that border is open. their are vehicles, fighters able to pass back and forth, whether they're volunteers, as russia has insisted, or regular forces of the russian federation, as mr. poroshenko is suggesting. so we have that evidence. we also have the international monitors from the organization for security and cooperation in europe pointing out the other day that they'd actually encountered some fighters in russian uniform. they have not said that before. they actually see the insignias of the russian military. at the same time ukraine has captured two fighters that it said were regular duty active russian military personnel. they've said the same thing, of course, they're in captivity. they're being held in a military hospital in kiev, the hospital so there is increasing evidence that russia's intervention in ukraine continues. >> ifill: so does that mean the ceasefire so painstakingly

hammered out is no longer worth the paper it's printed on? >> well, the ceasefire has been precarious all along. what we've seen now is that certainly ukraine won't be pressuring its allies from the united states and europe to make sure there is no let-up in economic sanctions against russia. there is obviously change in the west. some of the european countries are suffering from counter-sanctions russia has imposed. so i think we'll see quite a bit of tension as we move toward this question in brussels of whether to renew sanctions or not. >> so no matter how you look at it, whether the sanctions are working or not, whether russia is there or not, it sounds like there is another spiral under way? >> there's no question there's another spiral under way and what the west is grappling with is really a lack of will on both sides to implement that ceasefire accord that was signed in february. for each side it seems that the status quo is preferable the moving forward with the really tough political decisions that need to be made. one of the things mr. poroshenko has been pushing for is a

devalization process in ukraine which would give more power to mayors essentially making governors and officials at the regional level an intermediary between federal government and local government. of course in eastern ukraine what the separatist pro-russian side would like to see, is perhaps even presidents who are potentially more loyal to moscow than they are to kiev. so there are very different views of what the future politically ought to look like in ukraine. and pushing off those tough questions seems to be what a lot of these new hostilities are about. >> ifill: david herszenhorn reporting from moscow for "the new york times" tonight. thank you. >> thank you. >> woodruff: the 2016 race for president reached a clear critical mass, with four more candidates announcing this week. the first of those came monday in a small town in south

carolina from the state's senior senator, lindsey graham. as part of our series of interviews with presidential candidates, he joins me now from new york. senator graham, thank you for being with us. >> thank you. you're going to be interviewing people all year it looks like. >> ifill: so, senator new york your announcement speech this week, you talked about wanting to be the president to protect america. you talked about serious threats, about the world exploding in terror and violence, and you said there are forces trying to kill us. just how vulnerable and weak do you believe america is? >> i think the stronger they get over there, the more exposed we are here. there's more terrorist organizations with safe havens, weapons, capability, men and money to attack us since 9/11. i'm very worried. we need to make them poor, small and on the run because they're large, rich and entrenched. if we don't up our game against these groups we're going to get hit hard here.

>> you talked about being prepared to send troops, american troops to iraq. why is that the right answer? >> well, we need lines of defense over there so they can't come here. the safe havens in ramadi and mosul and syria present a threat to us. i think foreign fighters flowing in to join the ranks of isil with western passports, it's a matter of time before somebody penetrates our network and hits us here. >> senator, as you know, you're not the only candidate talking tough in effect. isis, a number of the other republicans are saying president obama hasn't done enough. marco rubio, jeb bush, rick perry today. rick santorum is agreeing with you. why wouldn't one of them be a more capable leader than you would be? >> well, they're all fine people, but at the end of the day i've been to iraq and afghanistan as a reservist and a united states senator over 30

times. i've been in the air force for 33 years. i would put my credentials up against anyone in terms of understanding the region, the players. i know almost everybody over there and most importantly they know me. so i've learned the hard way. i've spent a lot of time on the ground. i've made my fair shares-of-mistakes. disbranded the iraqi army after the invasion of iraq in 2003 in hind sight was a mistake. when bush got it wrong, senator mccain and myself spoke up. at the end of the day, i think i understand the dynamic that we face and i'm best prepared to be commander-in-chief on day one with all due respect to my other colleagues including hillary clinton. >> ifill: but how would you persuade the american people it's the right thing to do after fighting two wars, iraq, afghanistan, after the fact that defense secretary ashton carter has said the iraqi troops themselves have not been willing to fight neighboring countries are not sending troops in there. >> i think the american people pretty well understand that radical islam has an agenda that

includes us. they want to do three things -- purify their religion, and they're killing every muslim they get their hands on who doesn't agree, destroy the christian faith destroy the state of israel and eventually come after us. most americans understand that radical islam can't be compromised with or appeased. the only way we can be safe is to form partnerships over there that will protect us over here. we left iraq too soon. if we don't leave at least 10,000 troops behind in afghanistan, it will fall apart. my belief is a line of defense over there is necessary to protect us here. >> ifill: let me turn you to something else, senator. you came from a modest background, both of your parents died when you were still in college. you raised your younger sister. she gives you credit for being her big brother and her father and her mother at the same time. how did that experience shape you? >> it shaped me a lot. i mean one day everything is great. the next day my life is turned upside down.

most people are one car wreck away from needing somebody's help. i don't take anything for granted. everything was fine. my mom got diagnosed with hodgkins disease. six months later she passes. the medical bills wiped us out. 15 months later my dad dies. i'm 22. my sister is 13. an about and uncle helped me raise my sister. they never made over $25,000 in their life. if it weren't for social security survivor benefits coming into my family to my sister as a minor we'd have had a hard time paying the bills. student loans helped my sister go to college. i'd do almost anything to save social security. if i need to give up benefits, change my cola to save social security, i would. >> ifill: speaking of that give us some specifics on that. how high would you raise the retirement age. you've talked about younger workers working longer you. have talked about raising social

security premium, asking people the take a cut. how big a cut? >> well, what i would do is i'd take simpson boles out and dust it off, adjust the age of retirement based on the actuarial needs of the country. it goes to 67. ronald reagan went from 65 to 67. we need to adjust it again because we're living so much longer. social security is a system that keeps half of today's seniors out of poverty and people of my income level are going to have to give up some of their benefits to protect the system because it's running out of money. >> two other things, senator: you take positions on climate change and on immigration that many republicans disagree with. you have opponents today who are talking about toughening their position on immigration, at the same time you have long advocated a legal path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants. are your opponents making a

mistake by toughening their position? >> absolutely. in my view, you've got to secure your border or you'll never fix this problem. but you're not going to just fix the problem by building a wall. the reason we have 11 million illegal immigrants is they come here to get jobs. they come from poor and corrupt countries, and it's an economic problem. you got to increase legal immigration not restrict it. 80 million baby boomers are going to die out the next 20 30 or 40 years. who will replace us in the workforce? we're a declining population. we're down to two workers for every retiree in the next 20 years. we're going to need a viable legal immigration system so those people who want to restrict legal immigration are not looking at the demographics. >> ifill: finally, senator if you were elected president you would be first bachelor to take office since grover cleveland in 1885. is that a disadvantage? and i ask because the role of the spouse of the president has become a very forward role.

serious issues the first ladies have taken on, michelle obama laura bush, nancy reagan? would you need someone to fill that role were you to be elected? >> i think we'll find a way to accommodate that particular need, but i think america can handle this. here's test fur me: what can i do for your family? what can i do to help you and your kids if you have children? what can i do to keep america safe and to keep us prosperous and secure at home and deal with the retirement of the baby boomers? i've got no problems. the people of south carolina have elected me for the last 20 years. i do have family. i'm not married. i don't have kids, but i do understand family, and i understand how precious family is. so i think america can handle this. but we'll see. >> ifill: senator graham graham we thank you very much for talking us with. >> thank you.

>> ifill: tonight we launch a series of reports on the ebola crisis. science correspondent miles o'brien traveled to west africa to examine how the deadly virus took hold. >> kenema became the epicenter of the outbreak in july. >> reporter: lina moses is back at it, on the trail of a killer virus near kenema, sierra leone. she is still haunted by memories of the worst days of the ebola epidemic last year. >> we didn't go searching for ebola. ebola came to us and it came with a vengeance. >> reporter: she took us to the remote villages of kpalu. >> this is the first time we've trapped for a while since the ebola outbreak started. >> reporter: an epidemiologist and disease ecologist with tulane university's viral hemorrhagic fever program, lina leads a team focused primarily on a virus with ebola-like symptoms: lassa fever.

lassa and ebola are so called zoonotic diseases-- caused by viruses, parasites or bacteria that are normally spread among animals-- but occasionally spill over to humans, often causing severe disease. understanding how these viruses make the jump into humans is at the core of her research. >> anytime you're looking at zoonotic disease you have to start looking at the animal that carries it, the animal that maintains it in nature, and that's the only way you can start to control it. we are hoping to trap the lassa virus. >> reporter: inside its animal host, or reservoir: a common african rat. >> we estimate that 80% of all lassa fever cases come directly from rodent to human. so really what we're trying to do is break that rodent to human relationship. >> reporter: lina's team baits two dozen traps with peanut butter, oats, palm oil and dried

fish, and leave them overnight. and while we all sleep, our night vision camera catches a curious rat known as mastomys natalensis, the reservoir species for lassa fever. this one didn't take the bait. but another one does, as we discover on our return the next morning. james koninga quickly suits up for a field necropsy. he works inside a roped off area, a safe distance from the center of the village. he is a seasoned a hand at this dangerous task. there is good reason for the caution. ebola may get all the media attention, but lassa fever is nearly as deadly. in this part of sierra leone, a fatality rate of nearly 70%. >> it's the most dangerous part of it. i have to be very careful for this piece. >> reporter: what is the risk here if the rat has the lassa fever virus, how dangerous or

potentially dangerous is it? >> it's similar to-- i liken it to healthcare workers in an ebola treatment center. they get urinated on. they could get bit if the rodent is not properly anesthetized. the risks is actually getting infected from lassa just as high. >> reporter: koninga has been doing this since the 1970s. for the past 20 years, he has helped in the frustrating hunt for the ebola virus as well. >> reporter: they even looked at mosquitoes and bedbugs. all that, and yet there's never been a smoking gun, never any sign of the live virus. but there is a prime suspect: fruit bats. that's because researchers found ebola antibodies in several bat species, meaning they must have been infected with the virus.

or some version of the virus. fruit bats also are host to marburg virus in the same family as ebola. the first person known to die of ebola in this epidemic, the so- called index case, in december 2013, was a young guinean boy who played beneath this tree which was infested with bats. it has since burned, making it impossible to know for sure if this was where and how he got sick. researchers know much less about ebola than lassa fever. >> you get hotspots. so you'll get villagers that have a lot of cases for maybe one or two years and then they quiet down. >> reporter: if you ever saw ebola in a rat here, that would be significant. >> i'd be nervous. yeah, definitely nervous. >> reporter: historically, ebola has been a cold case investigation for epidemiologists. it appeared and vanished sometimes for years, all in very remote places, until this outbreak. this time, better roads and

deeper human encroachment into the bush sent ebola on a dangerous journey into teeming places dense with potential victims. this was the first time ebola came to cities and that was a big part of the problem. this is the kroo bay slum in freetown, sierra leone, no electricity, no running water, and you really don't have to use your imagination to understand that ebola here could quickly spread out of control. but is it simply demographics that made this outbreak so deadly? or is it biology as well? >> there are likely some versions of ebola that don't make you sick at all, there are some versions that probably don't infect humans at all and there are some that may infect humans, but not spread the way this does. >> reporter: computational genomicist pardis sabeti is a harvard professor in the vanguard of efforts to better understand ebola by studying its genetic characteristics. she led the study that made the genetic link between the index case to the thousands that followed, all from human to

human contact. it's a family tree of virus cousins. but with 99 distinct ebola genomes, hundreds of mutations making them different. >> they are replicating through each transmission every eight- day cycle as a new set of viruses that are going to be able to released to another individual. and so we are just talking about a much faster time period in which evolution can happen. it's changing not just between individuals, but within individuals. it starts replicating and its making lots of copies of itself and every once in a while, it makes a mistake and these mutations emerge. so we do have to pay attention because we are not always dealing with a single entity, we are dealing with a changing entity. >> reporter: back in sierra leone, lina moses is wondering what it will look like next time. while the epidemic was unprecedented, ebola, as it turns out was not a new visitor to west africa. researchers recently took a fresh look at old blood samples from patients here with previously unknown diseases, and

they found ebola antibodies. >> it looks like this is not the first introduction of ebola into sierra leone and into this region and it's not going to be the last. >> reporter: at the government hospital where lina is based they are getting ready for the next time, building a u.s. pentagon funded research facility and isolation ward. beside it is the grave of one of sierra leone's leading epidemiologists who died here last year treating ebola patients. >> it was pretty awful actually, there were people who really scared. what they call i.p.c., infection prevention and control was not in place to any measure that would protect people and lots of people got sick. >> reporter: friends? how many did you lose? >> the people that i worked with for several years, we lost nine

of our staff and most of them are very good and personal friends of mine. >> reporter: in freetown, the main cemetery is now filled, too many fresh graves. the crisis may have waned, but the virus lives on, a threat that can't be easily buried. miles o'brien, pbs newshour, freetown, sierra leone. >> ifill: tune in tomorrow night. >> woodruff: next, we take a look at a big sports weekend coming up, with several championship play-offs and a high stakes horse race in the offing. and, as william brangham tells us, in some places it's already begun.

>> brangham: professional hockey's stanley cup contenders took to the ice last night, with the chicago blackhawks besting the tampa bay lightning two to one. tonight the n.b.a. playoffs get underway, pitting the perennial- underdog cleveland cavaliers and lebron james against steph curry and the golden state warriors. and saturday will bring the running of the belmont stakes, with all eyes on american pharoah in his bid to become the first triple crown winner in nearly 4 decades. also saturday, a bit further north, in canada, the women's world cup will kicks off a month of matches, with the u.s. women's national team seeking a return to glory. for a closer look at this smorgasbord of contests, i am joined by two long-time sports writers: kevin blackistone is a professor of sports journalism at the university of maryland, as well as a panelist on espn. and mike pesca is host of slate's daily podcast "the gist," and a contributor to npr.

gentlemen, welcome. kevin, let's talk about the nba first. these are two long-suffering team two long-suffering towns. lebron james' greatness it's a given but can he carry his team past golden state? >> if he does, he certainly will have etched his name in the pantheon of nba greats because this is the least likely team he's been with he can take the a championship. he was brought there or went back there, and he was celebrated by the city. the team imported kevin love another superstar player to play alongside him. he's hurt. the other superstar player in cleveland, kyrie irving, has been injured for quite some time. and he's going to be a little bit labored in this series. so if he can deliver a championship to cleveland he will literally have done so carrying this franchise on his back. > reporter: mike pesca what

do you think about that? is this an issue of one man having to beat 12 men? >> well, i would say and i think kevin agrees lebron is already a pantheon but it's such a big task because we haven't mentioned the golden state warriors and steph curry is the reigning m.v.p. a deserved m.v.p. i'm not going to say lebron is not the best player in the nba, but steph had a great year scoring 29 points per game in the playoffs, and it's every player after him on the golden state roster that is better than their equal number on the cleveland roster. so i really do think golden state not only is a tremendous edge plays great defense, and is a big favorite in las vegas and the guys who do the advanced stats say they're even a bigger favorite than the better would have you believe. it's a huge task for lebron. that's why we watch. >> reporter: let's talk about the belmont stakes. american pharaoh, this is a huge potential accomplishment for this horse. it's been 40 years since a horse has won the triple crown.

why is this such a tough thing to crack in. >> well because it's a hard race. you have to win two races to get there, and then in this final weekend, you have to run, the horse does, a mile and a half. and it's a grueling mile and a half. i just think it's the weight of history. i've been to these things several times from smarty jones and funny side, and the anticipation is great. everybody in the world is watching. it's almost like lucy and charlie brown and the football. you know, we get suckered into this thing, and then once again it just doesn't happen. but it's a great anticipatory sporting event and that's why people tune inch usually about 2.5 times more people tune in to watch a triple crown possibility than would watch the belmont stakes if nothing was going on. >> reporter: mike pesca... >> i was going to say it might be a little bit more about snoopy because these are animals, right and they're just

bred differently than they were 125 years ago, where horses were more robust. it's not a knock against the modern horse. the modern horse is like a ferrari. it's like a high-speed car, but the recovery time is such that it is quite unlikely that any horse will ever win the triple crown again i think. it's happened what, a dozen times since affirm won it in '78 and a dozen times we've been disappointed. >> reporter: let's move on. saturday we'll see the women's world cup. this is obviously a huge deal here in the u.s. but we can't overlook there's this controversy around fifa. how much do you think the cloud of that is going to tarnish this tournament or will it have no bearing? >> i don't think it will have any bearing. i think american sports fans overlook scandals. look at the national football league and deflategate i don't think anybody cared at the end. if you look at major league baseball and the steroids era i don't think anybody cared in the end. the big debate is among sportswriters in terms of what this will mean and maybe some

people within the industry, but i don't think anybody is going to conflate what has happened with fifa's executive leadership and the corruption and what has happened with the women's game. i don't think amy wambach will suffer any of those slings and arrows. >> reporter: mike pesca, the president of fifa, sepp blatter, despite his litany of sexist comments really did reign over a period of incredible growth in women's soccer. is that our silver lining, do you think, to his career amidst all this controversy? >> i think like a lot of the accomplishments of sepp blatter it happened on his watch. maybe it was a correlation but not causality. i think women's sports, title ix in america is a huge reason that made soccer big. you know, he up until a couple years ago was talking about having the women wear tighter shorts. you know, they're playing this world cup. i totally agree with kevin, nothing should be taken away from the women, and i don't

think it will be, but fifa is making them play on artificial tufer, and this is unfair. unlike the nfl, where the problem is actually with the league and concussions, the sport of soccer is brilliant. the sport of soccer is pristine. it's just these crooks, i'll say it at the top, even as regards the women's game that we should have a lot of horrible feelings about. we should be really concerned about that. >> reporter: let's not forget the stanley cup is going on. >> right. >> some very enjoyable hockey going on. >> it is. i watched last night's game. everything turned in less than two minutes at the end. the lightning are a fun team to watch. they have a lot of speed, a lot of up-tempo hockey, if you can have that, and the blackhawks are an old-school type of team. they're grinders. and last night they ground out an improbable win. but if there is one reason to turn into this nhl stanley cup

final is to watch the skaters with the tampa bay lightning. they are really a lot of fun to wamp. we mentioned earlier steph curry. mike did. well tyler johnson is kind of a steph curry in the nhl, undersized, which is why people passed on him in the draft, always doubted him. and he's turned into a fabulous exciting scorer in the league. >> reporter: mike pesca chicago, this is... they're in their third cup in six years. this is during the salary cap era in hockey. that's a pretty big accomplishment. >> it is. and they've done it... the nhl might never have another dynasty because the salary cap era makes it so hard to resign stars. they do give teams a little bit of lee way resigning their own stars, but this core of players has been around and contributing. they have some young players but if you want to talk about towes, corey crawford, he spans not all the stanley cups, but it's an example if you get to know a team, that team could really win the heart of a city

and i think every so often tampa bay looks and says, hey, we got a hockey team whereas chicago lives and dies with these blackhawks. >> that's right. okay. kevin blackistone, mike pesca thank you both very much for joining us. >> thank you. >> you're welcome. >> ifill: we'll be back with our weekly feature, "making sense." paul solman looks at an app that brings butler service to the masses. it's something you won't want to miss. but first, it's pledge week on pbs. this break allows your public television station to ask for your support. and that support helps keep programs like ours on the air. >> ifill: for those stations not taking a pledge break. we take a second look at a project by one of our student reporting labs in arizona. they were asked to play a role in preparing the campus for an emergency.

the newshour's april brown worked with some of those students, an american graduate report, part of a public media initiative funded by the corporation for public broadcasting. >> attention staff and students of south mountain high school, we are in lockdown. >> reporter: those are words no school administrator wants to say. >> room 160 needs to be secure. >> reporter: in the two years since the mass shooting at sandy hook elementary in connecticut, schools around the country have been ramping up safety efforts, and experimenting with different approaches to prepare for worst case scenarios. one high school in phoenix is asking students to take a proactive role to make their school safer. >> during a reverse evacuation. >> reporter: administrators asked journalism students at south mountain high school to create a video for their peers on what to do during emergency situations. principal lacresha williams made the request after a potentially dangerous incident caused a lockdown in the fall. >> they are at lunch at this time, they are eating and having

fun so we literally pushed the kids into buildings, they are walking fast they are not running because they don't know the seriousness of it. that there is an alleged person who has an weapon on campus with a backpack. >> reporter: the response to that incident wasn't as smooth as school officials had hoped. >> it goes back to an old sports cliche that you play like you practice. >> reporter: head of security brion macneil says regular drills are important. >> the whole purpose of a lockdown is to minimize casualties and we know that sometimes depending on the situation we're not going to be 100% so we try to get everybody inside and secured as fast as we can. >> you can't get in? >> no. >> you have to get to the old gym. quickly! >> reporter: senior jose contreras, the lead producer of the student video, says it's been clear for some time that students need more information.

>> some classrooms locked their doors before all of the students were in so some students were figuring out that they couldn't get in and they created a lot of chaos and a lot of fear even to some students. >> reporter: many students were unaware that teachers are supposed to lock classroom doors immediately in many emergency situations, as annie montgomery did during the drill we were allowed to film. and after that. >> it's very important that we be quiet that we go in our little room over there and close the door and make the room look like it's empty and that they bring all their backpacks and belongings so if someone did make it into the main room they would think this place was empty. >> reporter: at south mountain teachers like montgomery have written instructions detailing how to respond to various emergencies. this year they also watched a new training video developed with guidance from first responders, educators, mental health professionals and law enforcement. >> recent events remind us that

active shooter events can happen anywhere in our community. >> twice i watched it and i cried. it was just really hard to deal with... that children could be put in that situation. >> reporter: irene diaz is the phoenix union school district's supervisor for security. she says the active shooter action plan video has helped teachers and staff become better prepared. >> we were training our staff you know to get small get quiet. we needed to do something to train our teachers, to prepare them so more kids do survive should an incident like that occur. >> reporter: the video, though was considered inappropriate for students, and they never saw it. but as part of the research for their own video, the journalism students met with deborah roepke the head of the non- profit that created the one for teachers. she suggested they consider addressing situations that could come up in an emergency. >> there could be situations where rooms are not lockable, so what does a substitute teacher, what does a student do in that situation.

>> reporter: or if someone happens to be is in the restroom during a lockdown, a scenario included in the students final cut... >> hide in the stall furthest away from the door. >> reporter: for additional information, the young journalists also interviewed students and teachers learn more about their school's current emergency protocols-- including what was and wasn't working. >> we found a weak spot in our school. if you were able to get into my classroom you'd have access to all the other teachers classrooms in our department, that has been addressed with two-way locks. >> how effective would you say the drills at south are and why? >> haven't been as efficient as i feel they need to be. the first one we had in november

was very poor, created a fire hazard at the choke point of our stadium. >> reporter: it turns out many people noticed that problem. >> describe to me what happens when you've got 1,500 kids going to the football field at once? >> it gets really hectic, if you can imagine so many kids shoulder to shoulder trying to get inside the football field people start freaking out. it just causes more problems than the one already presented. >> reporter: the student journalists shared what they learned with administrators, and even though it wasn't news principal lacresha williams wanted to hear, she recognized its value. >> we have a lot of work to do, we're working vigilantly to take care of that and them uncovering those gaps and communicating them to us that's just like gold. we need it. >> reporter: but even after addressing those problems, there has been one issue that keeps coming up... >> do you ever tell your peers to take drills seriously or are you pressured by your peers to

goof off? >> sometimes i do feel pressure to goof off because you don't want to be the one that's not. >> reporter: jose contreras hopes the video will change a few minds about that. >> not everything is a drill. sometimes real stuff does happen, and people need to realize that. >> reporter: the south mountain journalism students hope to eventually distribute their video to other schools that request it. for the pbs newshour i'm april brown in phoenix. >> woodruff: finally tonight, an on-demand assistant for those with too much to do and too little time. our economics correspondent, paul solman has the story. it's part of our ongoing reporting, "making sense," which airs every thursday on the newshour. >> as a single person living on

my own, the only reason i have so much stuff in my fridge is because somebody else has bothered to do the shopping for me. >> reporter: when doctor emma stanton moved to boston this spring, work left little time for prepping her new apartment. >> it was cleaned when i moved in, which was about nine days ago. >> reporter: or choosing a new coffee maker. >> i just asked for particular recommendations, and this was one of three they suggested. >> reporter: cleaning her clothes. >> this is my laundry. i just chuck it in here. the alfred comes and picks it up. >> repter: and who exactly is "alfred?" a new online service, the company's name is "hello alfred," named after batman's ultimate butler. >> there's a problem with the graphite sir. >> reporter: who caters to your every need. >> let me suggest you try to avoid landing on your head. >> reporter: now if you really want to outsource your chores these days, there are apps galore, among them instacart for shopping; homejoy for cleaning. but stanton's alfred does it all. >> hello alfred were able to be here last week, when i had my

wifi installed in my new apartment. hello alfred were able to be here when a storage company came to pick up a box that i needed to go to storage, and deal with some of the other hassles that happen when you move house. >> reporter: hello alfred was conceived by marcela sapone and jess beck, who both pulled out of harvard business school last year to scale up the business of butlering. >> and the winner of the 2014 disrupt san francisco battlefield competition is alfred! >> reporter: sapone's case in point in pitching "alfred" at a high-powered startup competition was harried, hypothetical "dan." >> the butler you never had, for the very first time, the luxury of personal service for the rest of us. for $99 a month dan can get his very own alfred that visits once a week, every week, on set days to take care of his household chores. >> reporter: alfred was suddenly

on the app map and within months, sapone and beck had more than $12 million in funding, for an idea they'd come up with while working on wall street. >> we were working 90 hour work weeks. i mean, you barely saw the light of day. i was not doing a good job of taking care of myself. >> reporter: so far, alfred is taking care of clients who can easily afford an extra $25 a week only in new york and boston. but sapone has a waiting list and plans to expand wherever there are dense clusters of customers. >> i'm giving people back their time. life is actually becoming unmanageable. and the hours that we're working are going up, and the amount of complexity in our lives is only going up. >> reporter: so a good deal for clients. but what about the alfreds? eeva lee moved to new york from finland last summer. a psychologist, she now works part-time, 25 hours a week or more, as an alfred perambulating greenwich village

with as much as 50 pounds in tow. >> sometimes you have a lot to carry on you, you can take it as an exercise, and don't have to go to the gym later. (laughs) >> reporter: especially given the flights of stairs. >> usual day it's like, anywhere from 20 to 40, depending on how many elevator buildings i have. i don't know if my iphone has a jinx on it, but it claims to me that there's one day that i've done 80. but that sounds crazy, even in this job. >> reporter: would you not rather be practicing psychology than doing what you're doing? >> of course. i would like to do what i have the education for. but i understand how important wherever you work in the world it is to know the culture and the people and the ways of working. and i'm getting that education all the time as work, the other very nice thing is that i sleep like a baby. >> reporter: unlike other on- demand services which rely on low-paid contract workers, c.e.o. sapone says alfreds are

employees who earn $18 to $30 an hour. but how do the economics work if clients only pay $25 week? >> you're essentially sharing the cost of a personal assistant. that alfred's serving multiple people. >> reporter: how many clients do you need in an area before it's economically viable? >> anywhere from four to seven. >> reporter: boston tech entrepreneur nick relas got off the hello alfred waiting list four months ago. a favorite feature for him: freshly pressed shirts from the dry cleaners down the street. >> reporter: so you couldn't do this yourself? >> that's what my mother asks me! it's not about proximity. it's about what time it closes every day. i don't leave work until at least 9:00 or 10:00 and i never have time to get here before it closes. >> reporter: so, rellas's alfred takes care of it. >> you can see here, closes at 7:00. >> reporter: and before wrapping up for the day, she (real name, lauren) leaves him a handwritten summary of tasks completed.

>> she cleaned up the apartment a little today, took out the garbage, fluffed the bed. here's what i love about alfred. she noticed i was out of garbage bags. >> reporter: yes? >> and, she's gonna pick some up for me. >> reporter: but wait a second: should we outsource everything? >> how is it that we've all become so pinched, that we feel we can't do very much for ourselves? >> reporter: evan selinger teaches philosophy at the rochester institute of technology, is skeptical of outsourcing apps like hello alfred. >> instead of actually giving us our time back? they just open up more time for us to be imprisoned in other ways, often for us to work longer hours. what kind of character do we develop, the more that we outsource? how does outsourcing more and more change our interactions with more and more people? >> reporter: but on the other hand, alfred could free up more time for professional interactions since folks like emma stanton can subcontract lesser tasks. >> we noticed one of your shirts still had some small stains on it, we took it back to the dry cleaners. thank you, have a great weekend.

so i probably wouldn't maybe even noticed that my shirt had a stain on it. so i kind of like the fact that they just picked that up and dealt with it! >> reporter: and to c.e.o. marcela sapone, it's just a division of labor, that allows anyone in a dense neighborhood to buy a butler. >> there's no reason you or i can't be just as extraordinary as batman. >> reporter: economics correspondent paul solman, reporting for the pbs newshour from boston and new york. >> ifill: on the newshour online, it's not just the n.s.a., corporations have been storing massive troves of our data, and it's not about national security. it's about making money. the new book "all you can pay," paints an orwellian future where big data reigns. we have an excerpt from the book, on our home page, that's at pbs.org/newshour. >> woodruff: and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. and i'm gwen ifill. we'll see you online, and again

here tomorrow evening with mark shields and david brooks. for all of us here at the pbs newshour thank you and good night. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: ♪ ♪ ♪ moving our economy for 160 years. bnsf, the engine that connects us. >> lincoln financial-- committed to helping you take charge of your life and become you're own chief life officer.

>> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

this is "nightly business with tyler mathisen and sue herera. stocks tumble. investors on edge one day before the key employment report on a lack of a resolution in greece and the recent route in the bond market. >> game of chicken. opec meets tomorrow and even with the world awash in oil, many expect thf with the west to continue. >> bottoms up. why the bourbon industry is quickly becoming an economic force in the state of kentucky. all of that and ton for "nightly busines" on thursday june 4th. >> good evening and welcome. than us. a big selloff on wall street. and it wasn't one thing that caused investors to dish stocks but a little bit of everything. lack of a resolution in greece. what will the country pay and when will they pay