captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: an iran nuclear deal is reached, world powers and tehran strike a compromise to end sanctions and limit nuclear power. good evening. i'm judy woodruff. >> ifill: and i'm gwen ifill. also ahead this tuesday: full analysis of today's historic pact. what will a new chapter in iran's relations with the world look like? >> woodruff: plus... >> i like to call this a mission of delayed gratification. >> woodruff: unlocking the mysteries of the solar system's underdog after a three billion mile journey and nearly a decade. a close up look at pluto. >> the opportunity to transform pluto from a little pixilated blob into a world with

complexity and diversity is just going to be amazing. >> ifill: those are some of the stories we're covering on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> and the william and flora hewlett foundation, helping people build immeasurably better lives. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and... >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: the world woke up today to the news of an agreement aimed at curbing iran's nuclear weapons program. it was the fruit of marathon talks between iran and a group of world powers-- the united

states and other permanent members of the u.n. security council, plus germany. the weary foreign ministers gathered after 18 long days and nights of talks in vienna. >> today is an historic day. it's a great honor for us to announce that we have reached an agreement on the iranian nuclear issue. >> woodruff: within minutes of that formal statement, president obama addressed the nation, from the white house. >> we have stopped the spread of nuclear weapons in this region. because of this deal, the international community will be able to verify that the islamic republic of iran will not develop a nuclear weapon. >> woodruff: the agreement followed more than two years of talks, including the first direct u.s. negotiations with iran in more than 35 years. the president said it met his standards for a "good deal". >> this deal meets every single

one of the bottom lines that we established when we achieved a framework earlier this spring. every pathway to a nuclear weapon is cut off. and the inspection and transparency regime necessary to verify that objective will be put in place. because of this deal, iran will not produce the highly enriched uranium and weapons-grade plutonium that form the raw materials necessary for a nuclear bomb. >> woodruff: the main terms include:

still, harking back to president reagan's "trust but verify", mr. obama said the u.s. and its five partners will not simply trust iran to comply. >> this deal is not built on trust, it is built on verification. inspectors will have 24/7 access to iran's key nuclear facilities. >> woodruff: in return, iran gets phased relief from sanctions that have crippled its economy for years, but there are provisions for a "snap-back" of those sanctions if tehran violates the agreement. even so, iran's president, hassan rouhani, insisted today it's not the sanctions that got his country to bargain. >> ( translated ): it was the resistance of our people and their opposition that brought the other side to the

negotiating table in the best way. if today some of the p5+1 countries want to announce that they deterred iran from making atomic bomb. iran has never pursed an atomic bomb and will never pursue that. >> woodruff: later, state t.v. reported supreme leader ayatollah ali khamenei thanked rouhani and his negotiators for their "honest and diligent efforts". but in israel, prime minister benjamin netanyahu wasted no time in denouncing the deal. >> what a stunning historic mistake. the world is a much more dangerous place today than it was yesterday. the leading international powers have bet our collective future on a deal with the foremost sponsor of international terrorism. >> woodruff: netanyahu relayed his concerns directly to the president in a phone call. he'd lobbied hard against the deal, even addressing congress last march, at the invitation of house speaker john boehner.

>> the deal that we have out there, in my view, from what i know thus far, is unacceptable. >> woodruff: boehner today left little doubt as to where he and most house republicans stand on the pact: >> it's going to hand a dangerous regime billions of dollars in sanctions relief while paving the way for a nuclear iran. if, in fact, it's as bad a deal as i think it is at this moment we'll do everything we can to stop it. >> woodruff: senate republicans were likewise skeptical, including foreign relations chair bob corker. >> i'll have to say that when we passed over with the interim agreement from dismantling their program to moving towards agreeing that there would be enrichment, then over time moving to what i would call managed proliferation, we really crossed the rubicon. >> woodruff: leading democrats promised to examine the agreement closely, as congress now has 60 days to vote up or down.

and the president fired off a warning shot this morning. >> i am confident that this deal will meet the national security interest of the united states and our allies. so i will veto any legislation that prevents the successful implementation of this deal. >> woodruff: the matter was immediate grist for the presidential campaign. republican senator marco rubio on the foreign relations committee member blasted the deal in a statement, saying: another leading republican contender, jeb bush, ended his denunciation saying: the democratic front-runner-- former secretary of state hillary clinton-- was on capitol hill today, meeting with democrats. >> i think we have to look at this seriously, evaluate

carefully, but i believe based on what i know now, i support. >> woodruff: but before the matter arrives on capitol hill the united nations will debate the deal in the security council. later, there were small demonstrations in tehran cheering the expected end to sanctions. people held flags and chanted thanks to iran's president. we'll hear from president obama's national security advisor and several former u.s. officials, after the news summary. >> ifill: if wall street hoped for a big boost from the iran nuclear deal, investors were disappointed. instead, worries about corporate profits kept gains in check. the dow jones industrial average added 76 points to close above 18,050. the nasdaq rose 33 points and the s&p 500 added nine. >> woodruff: greek prime minister alexis tsipras sought to rally his syriza party today to back a new austerity bill. the greek parliament has 24 hours to pass tax increases and pension reforms, as the price of a new international bailout.

but as paul mason of "independent television news" reports, syriza lawmakers and voters aren't so sure. >> reporter: if you want a vision of greece's troubled future, start here. it needs to raise 50 billion by selling assets. this container port was sold, five years ago, to the chinese for five billion euros. now the whole waterfront's for sale after the far left party syriza agreed to rush through privatization worth 50 billion. the problem: the syriza supporting dockers who work here. this man is their leader. and he wants the government to reject the deal it just signed. you could say one thing to tsipras, what would it be? >> so far he has to continue with this and to listen to the people to grow favor and reject this agreement which is not an honest agreement. >> reporter: as syriza's leaders

arrived, tight lipped, at a party meeting, their right wing coalition partner was not tight lipped, he called what's happening a coup, blackmail. and it's this pressure that has spurred up to 30 miles per second from the ruling party to rebel, including the m.p. for the area where the privatized port is. >> ( translated ): syriza can only stay united if it sticks to the program it stood on at the election. and that's what it needs to do. there's no growth, and no solution for greece within the eurozone. >> reporter: athens tonight a city whose economy is subdued. its corridors of power buzzing with anticipation of an answer: can the most far left party ever elected in europe, summon the nerve to do austerity on this scale. >> woodruff: tsipras and his party were voted into power in january, promising to end years

of spending cuts and other austerity measures. >> ifill: this was the day for closing arguments in the trial of james holmes, almost three years after he opened fire in a colorado movie theater. prosecutors argued holmes was sane and intent on mass murder when he killed 12 people and wounded dozens more. defense attorneys say holmes should be found not guilty by reason of insanity. the trial has lasted 11 weeks. >> woodruff: relatives of a new york city man who died in police custody, vowed today their fight is not over. eric garner's family reached a $5.9 million settlement on monday. he died last summer, when a white officer put him in a chokehold. garner's mother called again today for federal civil rights charges. >> this settlement that we get, people are walking up and down the street, they're saying congratulations. don't congratulate us. this is not a victory. the victory will come when we get justice. then we want to have a victory party. >> woodruff: a state grand jury has declined to indict the

police officer. >> ifill: a boston police captain's son was ordered held without bond today, in an alleged bomb plot. the f.b.i. says alexander ciccolo planned to set off pressure cooker bombs at a university. his father alerted authorities that ciccolo had a history of mental illness and wanted to join the islamic state group. he was arrested in a sting on july fourth. >> woodruff: president obama called today for reforms in prison sentencing aimed at elimination racial disparities and cutting costs. he spoke at the n.a.a.c.p. national convention in philadelphia and criticized mandatory minimum sentences. >> we've also locked up more and more non-violent drug offenders than ever before for longer than ever before. and that is the real reason our prison population is so high in far too many cases, the punishment simply does not fit

the crime. >> woodruff: to underscore his point, the president yesterday commuted the sentences of 46 drug offenders. >> ifill: a new discovery lit up the world of physics today. for the first time, scientists detected a sub-atomic particle, called the "penta-quark". its existence was first predicted in the 1960s, but it took the world's largest atom smasher-- outside geneva-- to confirm that it's really there. researchers say the discovery will help explain the fundamentals of matter. >> woodruff: and the last of boston's record winter snowfall finally melted today. at one point, the snow was heaped in a massive pile along part of the city's waterfront. now, all that's left are puddles and tons of garbage that got swept up by snowplows. still to come on the newshour: after 20 months of negotiations digging into the landmark deal over iran's nuclear program, an interview with republican presidential candidate,

louisiana governor bobby jindal and unlocking the mysteries of pluto. >> ifill: we return to the news that dominated today: the nuclear deal with iran. a short while ago i spoke with susan rice, the president's national security advisor. ambassador rice, thank you for joining us. one of our leading allies benjamin netanyahu, prime minister of israel, today called this deal an historic mistake. why is he wrong? >> well h he's wrong, gwen, because this is actually a very strong deal that, when implemented will cut off all of iran's potential pathways to a nuclear weapon in a fully verifiable fashion. we'll have very intrusive 24-7 presence at all elements of iran's nuclear supply chain and all of its declared facilities. we'll have the ability to

inspect facilities about by there are suspicions. we will reduce iran's stockpile of enriched uranium by 98%. two-thirds of the centrifuges will be dismantled and stored under international observation. this will be the most comprehensive and effective nuclear transparency regime ever implemented. in fact, that is not the case. i think it's worth recalling prime minister netanyahu was equally critical of the interim agreement that we announced in november of 2013. he called that also, an historic mistake and said the sanctions regime would crumble. now he and many others are arguing we shouldn't take the comprehensive deal we just negotiated, we should stick with the interim agreement he criticized almost two years ago. so i think as time passes if this is effectivelyismmented and we believe it will be, then he

will in due course see its benefits as we do. but the important thing to understand gwen, is that iran will not receive any sanctions relief under this comprehensive deal until it has taken all the necessary steps to meet its nuclear requirements. so until it has dismantled the centrifuges it is required to dismantle, until it's shipped out its stockpile of enriched uranium, until it's dismantled the core of the plutonium reactor, there will be no sanctions relief. so we don't lose anything for going down this diplomatic path. >> ifill: but, ambassador rice, if for some reason iran does not keep its promises, if it does not grant access to these suspicious sites, this whole thing goes back to a joint commission on which iran service as a member. isn't that a huge loophole? >> no, let me explain how this works.

first of all the joint commission is not the last word. the last word is the united nations security council, and we've constructed this deal in a unique and very effective fashion where, if one permanent member to have the security council, if the united states of america finds iran is in material breach of its obligations under this agreement, we can go directly to the security council, and in a time bound period, snap back unilaterally all of the sanctions under u.n. auspices we have today. and we can snap back our national sanctions, the e.u. can do the same. we don't be stopped by china russia or iran if there is a material breech. >> ifill: let's talk about the the sanctions. even by lasting them for a short period of time, you stopped the flow of money to iran that could go to our enemies, some of who are trying to take out syrian president assad. how do you justify that.

>> lest recall why we have the sanctions in the first place. i was the ambassador of the united nations when we implemented and negotiated the toughest and last of the sanctions resolutions. the whole purpose of the sanctions regime and the reason why we got the entire international community not just to support them but to implement them faithfully, was because the aim was to use the sanctions pressure to bring iran to the negotiating table so that we could prevent iran from acquiring a nuclear weapon. this was never about human rights, terrorism, it wasn't about iran's destabilizing activities in the region, all of which we remain deeply concerned concerned about but it was about preventing iran from getting a nuclear weapon at the negotiating table. if we in doing that the deal was if and when iran mutt its nuclear obligations and the world could be satisfied it wasn't able to develop a nuclear weapon the sanctions would be lifted. so the sanction under this scheme would be lifted but only

after iran's taken all the steps and we have verified it's taken all the steps it's committed to take and then even after the sanctions are suspended, we will have the ability at any point over a 15-year period if iran violates its obligations to snap these sanctions back into place swiftly and effectively without iran, russia or china getting in our way. >> ifill: was there any discussion at any point about releasing u.s. hostages as part of this deal? >> not as part of this deal, but we have been in discussions with the iranians about the americans that are being imprisoned in iran. this is a source of very very grave concern for all of us and in particular president obama. those talks continue and we're not going to rest until they are released. but we never wanted to link them to the nuclear deal because obviously, up until the last minute, there is every possibility there wouldn't be a nuclear deal. so we're committed to getting our americans home safely in any event and we will continue to

work to do everything we can. >> ifill: finally, ambassador rice is the president's veto threat open to discussion or negotiation? >> didn't sound like it did it? no, gwen, seriously no. because we have negotiated a deal that is good for the united states, it's good for israel it's good for world peace and security, and if the united states were the sole country out of the international community to blow up a deal that we had negotiated that we believe satisfies all of our requirements, then what will happen in well, in the first instance, the sanctions regime that we've worked so hard to maintain will fall apart because the rest of the world will say, what is the point? countries like japan and india that have paid an economic price to implement these sanctions would no longer feel the obligation to do so. iran would say, look we signed up for the deal, we're ready to do our part burks now, since there's no prospect of sanction res leaf, we're going to pursue

our nuclear program unconstrained, that would be a lose-lose situation. so it would be very unfortunate if the united states were the one to abrogate and, therefore blow up a very good dealnd so, when the president said he would veto efforts to undermine this deal he meant it. >> ifill: national security advisor susan rice, thank you for joining us. >> thank you for having me, gwen. >> woodruff: so how effective is this deal at preventing iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon? we hear from four people with extensive u.s. foreign policy experience. sandy berger was national security advisor to president bill clinton, retired general michael hayden was director of the c.i.a. during the george w. bush administration, dennis ross served in republican and democratic administrations as a middle east peace envoy and jim woolsey was director of the c.i.a. during the clinton administration. we welcome you all to the program.

let me just start by asking you all what do you make of this deal? does this prevent iran from getting a nuclear weapon? jim woolsey, to you first. >> i don't believe it does. i think there is no elastic, essentially, in the snapback sanctions. they really depend upon russian and chinese cooperation, and i think that -- >> reporter: >> woodruff: what do you mean? in order to take action based upon something that we perceive the irannians have done unless the iranians agree and say oh, yeah, we did that. you have a situation where we have to try to force discipline on the system and we're not going to have russian and chinese support mostly, in order to do that. >> woodruff: how strong is that agreement, sandy berger and do you see a weakness? >> i think it's a strong

agreement. i don't think it depends on trust. i think it's verifiable. if they cheat, we can go to the u.n. i think jim is wrong about the way we imposed the sanctions. the way the agreement is written, russia china and iran cannot stop us from reimposing the sanctions. if we or our allies believe iran is cheating and we go to the u.n., we cannot be blocked by russia, china and iran alone or in combination. that's a pretty strong provision, and i think it's essential to the fabric of this agreement. we're not relying upon anything other than our own judgment as to whether or not they're cheating on this agreement. >> woodruff: general hayden how do you see this? >> actually a combination of the two views you just heard. i think it does do some really good things for a period of about a decade burks it does legit mate an

industrial-strength iranian nuclear program. as we get to the sunset years, even assuming success across the board for the agreement, as we get to the sunset years, iran is very well positioned to break out if they choose to do so. >> reporter: dennis -- >> woodruff: dennis ross why isn't that a concern if it does wind iran down for a period of years and when it is over iran can wind back up again? >> i think it is a source of concern. i think the key is for 15 years you really are basically deferring what they can do when it comes to a nuclear weapon. but come year 15, they are a threshold nuclear state and unless we establish a clear deterrent to understand if they move from threshhold to weapons status the price will be unbearable, meaning the use of force, that's the only deterrent to make sure they don't become a weapons state. >> woodruff: is the deterrent strong? >> not now. we have to be more blunt, we

have to be clear all options are on the table that we will take whatever steps necessary to ensure they don't become a weapons state. >> woodruff: senator berger you're shaking your head. >> the president has said we will not permit iran to develop a nuclear weapon. it's a commitment of the united states, doesn't expire. he should reiterate that and make it clear. the agreement restricts iran for 15 years but the verification provisions go on much longer, so we'll have transparency under the system for a very long time and if the president reiterates that view that we're not going to prevent iran from developing a nuclear weapon, we'll have a lot of access to what we're doing. >> woodruff: why doesents that give you confidence, jim woolsey? >> well, in the first place russia and china are members to have the city council and one can do little under the

agreement without having to security council's support. i think the real problem is that by paying tens upon tens of billions of dollars to iran in the near term which we will do as a result of the sanctions being lifted, we're creating a situation in which iran is the leading terrorist country in the world, has a lot more resources available to it to buy what they want via hamas and other terrorist organizations they front. >> woodruff: and gwen asked national security advisor susan rice about that. mile mile, is -- michael hayden, is that a concern to you. >> it is. let's say it works for the ten year period we've got the sunset problem. also look at what we've just done, we've legit mated a program that until this morning that was illegal, that was in violation of u.n. security council resolutions. we've let iran back into the family of nations it's no longer a renegade state, the sanctionings end they become rich, and none of the other

activities about which we are very concerned iran has been conducting, none of those have stopped. >> exactly. i think two things. first of all iran is a nuclear threshhold state and they have been since they started building centrifuges in the middle of the bush administration. the question is what are we going to do about it? roll it back or let them have this program and go forward? so i think that's where we are at this point. i absolutely agree. this agreement was not solve the iranian problem in the region. iran is a country that is destabilizing the region, a country that we have to be concerned with. i don't see this agreement as solving that problem. i think this agreement is useful not in spite of that but because of that because all those conflicts, all that ambition will be more dangerous if iran were emboldened because they had a nuclear weapon. >> woodruff: dennis ross is someone who worked on the conflicts in the region.

how do you see that aspect of it? >> there is no question that with sanctions relief they will get to what amounts to windfall. true, it is their money, but you have close to $150 billion that are in frozen accounts now. they don't get it for about six months. what susan rice is right, they have to implement the major nuclear obligations in the deal and it will take about six months to do that. i think the key here at this point is for the iranians to understand two things -- one, we need to reestablish deterrence not only at the level of them not moving from threshhold to nuclear weapon state status but also we have to raise the cost of them of what they do in the region. we have to be prepared to compete with them. they have to realize that if we see them giving a lot more money to hesbollah, to hamas, to the houthis or to the group in iraq, they will see much greater competition from us. we should be talking about the europeans about targeted sanctions and contingency

planning with the israelis and arabs so deal with increased activity by the iranians throughout the region. >> woodruff: i saw the president was trying to reassure benjamin netanyahu on these points. the president on inspection, said 24-7 access. but then later we see it's something called managed access. how comfortable are you with whatever inspection arrangement there is? >> not at all. if we point out a violation or the need for inspection, you have two weeks, then goes to a committee, then the committee looks at it for a while and this has all been very elaborately constructed in such a way as to give iran a lot of leeway in order to deal with this, and they do not have to have, ultimately a huge industrial structure that they can't hide. they can hide the relevant parts of being able to make a few weapons in a relatively small

space and can move them. >> woodruff: where do you come down on this, general i hadden? >> pretty much where jim is. the inspection of the past spell as suspect of agreement. the only way we get a verifiable agreement is that the i.a.e.a. gets to go where they want to go. fundamentally i think that's a technical question. this international group should have the freedom to move. will this move into a political process. just fearful that will make it much more difficult to verify. >> woodruff: how do you respond? >> i think the agreement is clear. if the iranians -- there is a process of several weeks. if we're not satisfied, we and our allies can go to the security council and have the sanctions reimposed. the russia and china is screaming and the iran is

screaming, they cannot block that. that's crystal clear. one other point on the sanctions. they're international sanctions. they include the indians and the south koreans and japanese and a lot of countries that aren't terribly threatened by iran. they imposed sanctions because they wanted to bring iran to the table and believed we would negotiate seriously. if we don't follow through on that, the sanctions will unravel, iran will get its money without any nuclear controls. >> woodruff: and that raises the question about what happens if this falls apart. for the critics who are saying this is a wrong deal what's the alternative dennis ross? >> i think there is a burden on the critics to explain that. i think the point sandy made is right. there is a reality here. you have the international community embracing this agreement, certainly the members of p5+1.

if this were to be blocked, the iranians would say we implemented. the european union commits, if the iranians do their part, the union is committed to lifting the sanctions. i am concerned you wouldn't be able to sustain that. the critics are convinced the best way to deal with this is to block the sanctions. they have to explain why the outcome isn't going to be sanctions collapse, the iranians get the windfall they're really not restricted. from my standpoint, the administration has issues it has to address including how you deal with the suspect sites. we have 24-7 access to facilities like natanz. when it comes to suspect sites that becomes more problematic and then you're talking about what could be a 30-35-day period before you actually get access. >> woodruff: you're saying the critics also have a question to answer. jim woolsey, what is the answer?

why didn't the sanctions regime collapse iran and move toward complete nuclear program that it wants? >> i think it will come very close to doing that anyway. we have to realize what we've got here and what we're dealing with. i led once negotiations and participated with the soviets. the soviets was a different situation. they're far from lovely folks to deal with, but with iran we're dealing with the leadership that are theocratic totalitarian genocidal imperialists and i think each of those words can be supported. they have a word which says lying to inphi des, it's recommended -- lying to infidels, it's recommended, we are not dealing with an audit contract state we have to be careful with. >> woodruff: my question is, if this doesn't work, what's the alternative? isn't the alternative, michael hayden, iran has a clear path to do what its? >> it depends on american leadership, it depends on how

clear we state our reasons this is not a good enough deal. and good enough might be as good as it gets. but if you push that logic too far you don't have a plan b. you actually back yourself into a position where any deal is better than no deal and i don't think that's a sustainable position. >> woodruff: we'll leave it there. it's just day one of debating this nuclear agreement. we thank you for being here, jim woolsey, michael hayden, sandy berger and dennis ross. thank you. >> ifill: the iran nuclear deal is just one of the many issues that could be turned inside out by the next president of the united states. we turn now to another of our periodic conversations with the candidates "running" for the job. republican bobby jindal, the governor of louisiana. welcome, governor. >> gwen, thank you for having me. >> ifill: you said today this would be a dangerous deal this iran deal the president

announced today. have you had a chance to study it? why do you feel that? >> i have, gwen and this is why i think it is a bad deal for the united states, for israel and our allies. several details that are troubling. if iran keeps thousands of centrifuges, we don't truly get 24-7 inspections, they're not cutting off ties with hamas and other terrorist groups. i worry, under this president's deal, we could end up with a nuclear arms race in the middle east. you could see sunni countries trying to buy this technology from pakistan. i hope secretary clinton who's been the architect of this president's foreign policy will oppose this deal and say it's time for america to stand with israel. there is still time for america to say we will not allow iran to become a nuclear power. when they first started negotiating this deal, the president said we would get anytime anywhere inspections they wouldn't be allowed to keep any enrichment capacity, unfortunately that's not what this deal does.

>> ifill: the current secretary of state said people who criticize it don't have an alternative. as president not as a candidate, what would you do to roll this back? >> i have a lot of leverage by falling oil prices. the iranian economy is in deep trouble. with tougher sanctions, every ongs is on the table. we will stop this iranian government from having a nuclear capability. this is a country where they're still chanting death to america death to israel. they still haven't released the american prisoners they still haven't rejected cut-off ties to terrorism. secretary kerry said they are state sponsor of terrorism, saying recently they are one of the largest state sponsors of terrorism in the entire world. this is a country we cannot afford to allow them to become a nuclear power. every option needs to be on the table. we need to negotiate from strength. this president said too often what he wouldn't do, not would do. i hope secretary clinton and others in the democratic party will come out and say, not

justrooms, but a bipartisan, this is bad for the region. >> ifill: assuming you have to get past 14 other republican candidates before you get to secretary clinton, you said among orthothings you don't like the idea of hyphenated americans. you where obviously, of indian heritage. what do you think people of italian-american heritage who think you're asking them to set that heritage aside. >> we're a wonderful melting pot. folks can be proud of their heritage. i think the hyphnations and divisions are keeping us apart. we're not italian indian, asian-americans rich or poor americans, we're all americans. my parents are proud of their indian heritage but they came here 40 years ago to search for the american dream and wanted to raise their kids as americans and that's why they came here. when i look at europe, you have second and third generations who

don't scar themselves parts of society. if immigrants want to come, come, roll up sleeves, adopt our values and get to work. if you come here, you want to be american, otherwise why are you coming? we can embrace our heritages but we should stop the hyphenated americans. >> ifill: donald trump's been sucking a lot of the air out. there's a small poll showing him at least by name recognition doing fairly well. do you agree with his approach and the words in particular that he used to describe tim congratulations problem? >> no, gwen. >> ifill: tonight. i don't agree with his h comments. i don't view people as members ofette mick or economic groups. people in d.c. need to calm down. every time they attack donald, i think he enjoys it and gets the best to have the exchanges. i think there is political correctness run amok.

you saw the one bill where a congresswoman trade to stop the use of the names husband and wife. this is a free country. the voters will get to decide. i think trying to tone him down is a mistake. let folks debate it. obviously, i think i'm better qualified and people should vote for me. but this is an open and free debate. let the voters decide. obviously he enjoys the controversy and i think he benefits from it. >> ifill: i'm sure that's true as well. speaking of debates. how do you get on to a debate stage which is so crowded and at least in the first two instances they're saying only the people who rank the top ten will make it on to that stage? how do you get your message out if you don't make it on to that stage? >> that's a great question. you talked about name i.d. the polls is really a beauty contest. at this point if you've reason

before, have a famous last night name, in d.c., in front of cable cameras every day, you have more name i.d. if tom brady got in the race, he would be first in terms of national polls now. the voters will decide. i'm spending my time in iowa, in new hampshire, in other states talking directly to voters. we're getting a great response at every town hall getting hundreds of people to come out, answering everybody's questions. i think voters are saying we want somebody to embrace our principles, not just give a good speech. jeb bush said you have to be willing to lose the primary to win the general. i don't believe that. i think voters want us to secure the border and stand up so radical islamic terrorism. we have talked to voters. we've had a great response and we'll continue to do that. >> ifill: governor bobby

jindal, republican candidate for president. we'll be talking again. >> thank you for having me. >> woodruff: it's been a once- in-a-lifetime journey and today nasa believes its new horizons spacecraft finally made a successful fly-by of pluto. once considered the ninth planet in our solar system, pluto is billions of miles away. confirmation of the spacecraft's arrival is expected tonight. but there were celebrations earlier today at mission control as all signs pointed to success. science correspondent miles o'brien fills in the picture of this mission. this story was done in partnership with nova, which airs "chasing pluto" tomorrow night. >> reporter: ready or not, it is finally time for pluto's close up. once a full-fledged planet, now considered something less, it remains an intriguing mystery 85 years after its discovery.

but not for long, the picture is growing clearer as a fast moving spacecraft arrives at the solar system's underdog. >> it was always the planet with the little question marks everywhere. we didn't know anything. and because it's the last in the public mind, it takes a special place. >> reporter: pluto has taken a special place in planetary scientist alan stern's mind since 1988. that's when he first began pushing nasa to send a spacecraft to what was then the ninth planet in our solar system. the three billion mile journey of the new horizons spacecraft began in 2006. it left the earth faster than any spacecraft ever-- making a beeline for pluto-- getting a gravitational kick from jupiter as it bulleted past, snapping pictures all the while. and now after nearly a decade in

space, new horizons is finally there. >> i like to call this a mission of delayed gratification because it takes nine and a half years to get all the way out to pluto but we're almost there. and the opportunity to transform pluto from a little pixilated blob into a world with complexity and diversity is just going to be amazing. >> reporter: hal weaver is the new horizons project scientist. he admits to some nerves here in the home stretch. >> oh, yeah. i'm somewhat nervous because in the space business, you're only as strong as your weakest link. and we've put so much effort into making sure that we squeeze as much as possible out of this mission scientifically. >> reporter: and that scientific "to-do list" is a long one. despite what we may imagine, pluto is no simple ice-covered rock. although with a surface temperature of 387° below zero fahrenheit, there is plenty of ice.

ice made of carbon dioxide methane, ethane and nitrogen-- also the main ingredient of its atmosphere. besides cold, the pluto weather can be cloudy, hazy and windy the sun is so distant that high noon on pluto is like dusk here on earth. it appears there are mountains and valleys. and, yes, it is red. sorry mars, you're not as special as we once thought. >> so we think that the color of the surface is a direct byproduct of a process called, "space weathering" where the radiation from the sun and cosmic rays generate trace constituents in the ices that have color. >> reporter: no less interesting than pluto is its largest moon, charon. it is covered with plain old water ice. they will be on-the-lookout for cracks in the surface, which could be tell-tale signs of liquid water below. >> so i'd be surprised if we see evidence of some liquid water

underneath charon's surface, but i wouldn't say it's out of the question. if we see cracks on charon's surface, and especially if we can see some venting from charon's surface, that would be really cool. >> reporter: clyde tombaugh would heartily agree. in 1930, he discovered pluto at the percival lowell observatory in flagstaff, arizona. tombaugh named his quarry pluto for the roman god of the underworld, conveniently the first two letters are percival lowell's initials, and coincidentally, about that time, disney's cartoon dog of the same name first appeared on the silver screen. underdog indeed, and yet the ninth planet just the same. but the dogged march of scientific discovery set pluto up for a cosmically unpopular demotion. >> as we had been discovering larger and larger and larger objects, that i-- in my opinion, it made no sense that pluto was called a planet, and it shouldn't be a planet.

>> reporter: that's astronomer-- and pluto killer-- mike brown appearing in the pbs nova program "chasing pluto." starting in 1992, he and his colleagues discovered a region of large rocky, icy planet shaped debris at the outer edge of the solar system. it's called the kuiper belt-- leftovers from the formation of planets 4.6 billion years ago. but the debris really hit the fan for our beloved underdog in 2005 when brown and his team discovered this object: eris. it's more massive than pluto. >> i had to make a decision: what we were going to call it? is it a planet? is it not a planet? is it the tenth planet? is it the 52nd planet? is it-- is pluto not a planet? i knew that, that no matter what i said, it would be debated for a long time. >> reporter: eventually, astronomers decided to call pluto and the other big kuiper belt objects "dwarf planets."

whatever pluto is called, new horizons is well poised to understand it much better. the grand piano sized spacecraft is brimming with seven scientific instruments. spectrometers that measure infrared, ultraviolet, plasma and solar wind. a student built dust counter. a radio device to characterize the atmosphere. and of course camera-- visible, infrared-- and the one that should make the pluto screensavers: "lorri," short for long range reconnaissance imager. >> ultimately lorri will allow us to map the surface of pluto well enough that if we flew over new york city at the same altitude and look down with lorri, we could count the ponds in central park and the wharfs on the hudson. it's a very detailed imagery at closest approach. >> reporter: by and large the spacecraft has run well these past nine and a half years, despite a brief scare on july 4th when the computer crashed causing the probe to go dark for a while. the team says it is ready regardless.

>> we've done dozens of operational readiness test over the past several years. >> reporter: mark holdridge is the encounter mission manager for new horizons at the johns hopkins applied physics laboratory in laurel maryland. one of his key jobs has been to lead the team through numerous "dress rehearsals," staying sharp for the big event. >> so we've been really careful about timing the operational readiness test to make sure that the last one doesn't happen too soon before the actual encounter because we will forget things. >> reporter: they can't afford to forget because new horizons will not orbit pluto. it is supposed to whizz by 18 times faster than a speeding bullet, 7,800 miles from the surface, taking pictures and hoovering up data as quickly as it can. the spacecraft will not be transmitting while it gathers its science, leaving the team hanging for 13 hours before they even get a phone home-- the postcards are supposed to come in the next day. >> we have no idea what we're

going to see. we're going to be surprised, i'm positive of that. >> reporter: assuming all goes well, nasa and a.p.l will aim new horizons toward another kuiper belt object for a flyby in 2019. but for now, all eyes in the world of planetary science are focused on pluto and the end of an era as they finish the first forays of exploration into our celestial neighborhood. >> people will look back on this time from the '60s to 2015 in future centuries, i think and say, "that is when the solar system was first explored." >> reporter: the underdog at the edge of our understanding may be the last, and the least, but perhaps that is why unlocking its mysteries seems so worthwhile. miles o'brien, the pbs newshour, laurel, maryland. >> woodruff: online, you can find more videos on pluto and follow nova's live tweets on the flyby. that's on our homepage: pbs.org/newshour.

>> ifill: tonight on frontline an inside look into the plight of yazidi women and children - who are a religious minority in iraq, targeted by isis. according to survivors, women and children are held for months and girls as young as nine are subject to rape. one man is leading an underground railroad to rescue those who have been taken captive by the terrorist group but part of the operation's success depends on women fleeing their captors. >> narrator: the rescue operation begins. khalil's contact tells the family to sneak out of the house in the middle of the night and meet him in a car waiting outside. the contact will then guide them out of isis territory through a series of safe houses along the border of turkey and iraq. abu shuja heads toward the

border to meet them, hoping that this time, they make it. >> narrator: after two hours the contact calls abu shuja, saying they've arrived.

>> narrator: the women and children snuck out while their captor was asleep. >> (crying) >> narrator: medina's two daughters are nine and ten, the age when isis says girls can be forced into marriage.

the girls haven't seen their family in seven months. >> (crying) >> (crying) >> ifill: frontline airs tonight on most pbs stations. >> woodruff: finally tonight, to our "newshour shares" of the day, something that caught our eye which might be of interest to you, too. the central intelligence agency recently has allowed a peek into its vaults of historic spy-gear. posting photos of spy artifacts to its website each week, like this miniature camera that can fit inside a pack of cigarettes or this radio receiver hidden inside a smoking pipe. other "artifacts of the week"? this hollowed-out silver dollar, which concealed messages or film

and this cold war-era lady's compact mirror with a secret code hidden inside. calling james bond. >> ifill: i have one of those. no, i don't. on the newshour online: after a 55-year gap, fans can finally read a new harper lee book. "go set a watchman" continues the story of one of the most beloved characters from her first book. so we decided to look back to see what critics were saying about the 1960 release of "to kill a mockingbird." find those reviews, on our homepage. that's at: pbs.org/newshour. >> woodruff: tune in later tonight on charlie rose: more analysis of the iran nuclear deal. and that's the newshour for tonigt. on wednesday, we'll continue our "running" series of extended interviews with presidential candidates. next up: gwen talks to republican senator ted cruz. i'm judy woodruff. >> ifill: and i'm gwen ifill. join us online and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and good

night. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: ♪ ♪ ♪ moving our economy for 160 years. bnsf, the engine that connects us. >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security. at carnegie.org.

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this is "nightly business report" with tyler mathisen and sue herera. >> flashing yellow americans are not spending as much as economists expected and that key component of economic activity could make the federal reserve's interest rate decision that much hard harder. could the biggest winners come from corporate america? can the millennial generation avoid the mistakes of their parents? we explore that in the second part of the series "millennials and money" for tuesday, july 14th. good evening, everyone. welcome. things may have gotten a little tougher for the head of the federal reserve. after con