>> ifill: good evening. i'm gwen ifill. >> woodruff: and i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight: a major step in the thawing of relations with cuba. >> ifill: the week ahead in politics as donald trump dominates the debate for republicans and democrats, and candidate number 21 prepares to enter the fray. >> woodruff: plus, it was another weekend of violence in chicago. what can be done to halt the deadly mix of guns and gangs that threatens the city's youth? >> it's so easy for kids here to get guns, it's like comparing it to going to the gas station and getting a 50-cent juice. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by:

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>> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: good evening and welcome to our new home for the pbs newshour. >> ifill: judy and i are settling into our new set, with fresh graphics and updated music, yet with the classic sound you have come to recognize as the signal that the newshour is on the air. >> woodruff: we think this new look will give us greater flexibility and new tools so that we can better present the same quality journalism and analysis that the newshour has been doing for almost 40 years >> ifill: and now let's get to the news. >> woodruff: the united nations security council voted unanimously today to approve the nuclear deal negotiated in vienna last week. the vote was 15 to zero and it sets the stage for the lifting of economic sanctions, in

exchange for limits on tehran's nuclear capabilities. in washington, president obama hailed the endorsement and called on congress-- which now has 60 days to review the deal-- to approve it. >> there's broad, international consensus around this issue not just among the international community but also among experts in liberation. my assumption is congress will pay attention to that broad-based consensus. >> woodruff: president obama made the remarks as he met with nigeria's president, muhammadu buhari. it's his first white house visit since he was elected in march in nigeria's first democratic transition of power in decades. >> ifill: in turkey, an explosion rocked suruc near the border with syria, killing 31 people. turkish officials said the attack appeared to be a suicide bombing inspired by the islamic state group. the mid-day explosion took place

at a cultural center, as a group of young political activists was wrapping up a news conference. nearly 100 people were wounded. >> woodruff: the death toll from fierce fighting in yemen yesterday has now risen to nearly 100. shiite rebels bombarded a town close to the port city of aden. the head of an international aid group said sunday's fighting was the "worst day" in three months. meanwhile, saudi-led fighter jets kept up their bombing campaign and hit a popular market in the yemeni capital of sanaa. >> ifill: a nato airstrike on two afghan military checkpoints killed seven afghan troops today. afghan officials described it as an accident. taliban fighters were clashing with troops near their remote checkpoints in logar province at the same time coalition helicopters flew overhead. afghan president ashraf ghani expressed his "profound sorrow" over the incident and ordered an investigation. >> woodruff: there were more questions than answers today in

the death of a young black woman in a texas jail last week. correspondent william brangham has our story. >> we have chosen this spot because very clearly to us, this is a crime scene! >> reporter: religious leaders and community activists spoke today outside the waller county jail-- the same texas jail where 28-year-old sandra bland died under mysterious circumstances a week ago. the incident began on july 10th. in this video filmed on a bystander's cellphone, bland is seen being pinned to the ground by two state troopers. the troopers say bland had just assaulted an officer after they'd pulled her over for a traffic violation. bland was arrested, and taken to the county jail. three days later she was found dead in her cell. the sheriff's office says bland committed suicide by hanging herself with a plastic bag. officials also pointed to a facebook video ms. bland posted several months ago saying she was depressed. >> i am suffering from something that many of you may be

dealing with right now. it's a little bit of depression as well as p.t.s.d. >> reporter: but bland's family and others don't believe it. they say that video was made when bland was unemployed, and that she'd just started a new job at her alma mater, prairie view a&m university, and was very excited about her prospects. >> there was not a lazy woman, this was not an unmotivated woman. this is a woman who had dreams, desires and drives. >> reporter: today's press conference followed several days of vigils and protest marches for bland in her native illinois and in texas. >> woodruff: local prosecutors have promised a full investigation into bland's death. today, they pointed to surveillance video from inside the jail that shows no one entered or exited her cell around the time she is believed to have died. >> ifill: greeks lined up outside banks today to withdraw money for the first time in more than three weeks. a steady stream of customers made their way to a.t.m's and banks, but there were strict limits on how much cash they could take out.

and shopkeepers changed the prices on their goods to reflect the higher taxes they're charging under the terms of an e.u. rescue deal. >> woodruff: the price of gold continued its slide today-- hitting a five-year low. the drop was helped along by the dollar's gain and a looming interest rate hike. on wall street today, stocks were relatively stagnant. the dow jones industrial average gained 13 points to close at 18,100. the nasdaq added eight points and the s&p 500 gained more than a point. >> ifill: soccer's world governing body fifa announced it will hold new elections next february. it comes in the wake of a corruption scandal, and dual american and swiss criminal investigations. longtime fifa president sepp blatter is stepping down when a replacement is named. he's a target of the u.s. investigation, but hasn't been charged. at today's news conference in zurich, blatter became a different kind of target-- of a joke. a prankster showered him in fake

money, suggesting it was a payoff for a world cup bid by north korea. >> ifill: still to come on the newshour: restoring diplomatic ties with cuba, after more than 50 years, the week ahead in politics with stu rothenberg and susan page, illegal guns, gangs and summer violence on the streets of chicago and much more. >> woodruff: the united states and cuba officially normalized diplomatic relations today and the cuban embassy in washington- -closed since 1961-- re-opened this morning. the newshour's p.j. tobia has this report. >> reporter: with a ceremonial flourish, the cuban flag was raised above the embassy in washington this morning-- a

sight not seen in over five decades. as the mission officially opened, so did a new post-cold war chapter in u.s.-cuba relations. but deep differences between the two countries remain, as was evident when foreign minister bruno rodriguez spoke inside the embassy. >> ( translated ): the historic events we are living today will only make sense with the removal of the blockade, and the return of occupied territory in guantanamo. >> reporter: the u.s. and cuba severed diplomatic ties in 1961, when cuban president fidel castro referred to the american embassy as a "nest of spies." now after more than two years of negotiations, relations are slowly thawing. but sticking points remain, chief among them: havana's demand for an end to a crippling trade embargo and u.s. calls for democracy and human rights in cuba. reaction was mixed on the streets outside the cuban embassy. as protesters from cuba and around latin america gathered. >> i support the cuban people definitely.

>> reporter: rosa maria paya's father was a cuban opposition leader who died in cuba under mysterious circumstances in 2012. she urged the u.s. to seize this opportunity to help improve cuba's human rights record. >> so far we have seen very concrete and specific steps from the part of the american administration in order to but not support-- and specific and concrete support-- to the demands of the cuban citizens to the demands of change for human rights to the demands of >> reporter: secretary of state john kerry met with his cuban counterpart this afternoon at the state department. cuba's flag now hangs in the building's lobby where it was installed in the pre-dawn hours without fanfare. >> we are taking a historic and long overdue step in the right direction. to keep moving forward both hill, there remains significant of cigs to the move. >> i look forward to working with my colleagues in congress to try to block the expansion of

the u.s. embassy in cuba, to try to stop the confirmation of the u.s. ambassador to the island. >> reporter: meanwhile in cuba, in u.s. embassy reopened for business in havana. cubans lined up for visas to travel to the u.s. welcomed the occasion. >> reporter: the pomp and circumstance will wait until mid-august when kerry makes his historic visit to formally raise the american flag. i'm p.j. tobia for the pbs newshour in washington. >> woodruff: for more on the resumption of relations between the u.s. and cuba, we turn to maria de los angeles torres. she's a cuban-born american and a professor at the university of illinois, chicago, where she is also executive director of the school's program on latino research. ms. torres, thank you very much for joining us. first of all, how would you describe this new relationship? how is it going to be different from diplomatic relations the u.s. has with other countries? >> with well, i there's 50 years of hostility, and i think that it's almost like the day after the

storm. right now, we have to see how many trees have fallen down and what we're going to do with that. i think, also because of the intimate relationship that the united states has had with cuba the fact that there are many cubans living in the united states, the fact there are many other cubans who would like to come to the united states, i think there will be a unique set of challenges. the regime has not changed. i don't think this policy will change the regime. it will, however, help in what could be a peaceful transition. >> woodruff: what sort of restrictions are still going to be there for americans who want to travel to cuba? where do you see that headed? >> well, part of this is codified in law to congress. i do not see that congress is willing, at this moment or any time at least in the immediate future, to change the policy of the embargo. however, i think that this is going to allow a more porous, if

you will embargo. we've already seen that happen in. the last six months, we've seen an uptick in travel to cuba, restrictions on how much money could be sent to relatives has actually been expanded, so there's more money going into cuba. a lot of the small businesses are actually fueled by family members here in the united states, and i think that we will see increased in the next few months. >> woodruff: so you see commerce increasing between the two countries? >> well, we already have cuba -- the united states is the largest importer of goods to cuba today. their agriculture and pharmaceutical. this actually happened under the bush administration. as far as other kinds of activity, they are still going to be under the restriction of the embargo, which is congressional, but there will be other kinds of, i think smaller kinds of businesses that are being allowed under executive order and under the power of the

president. most of these are coming from family members. that is why we are seeing all sorts of little businesses pop up and people supporting the family. >> woodrf: what is going to happen to the homes, to the property left behind many years ago by cuban americans who fled that country, who came here, who are living in the united states but left a lot behind there? >> well, i think all these issues are negotiable right? and what we've not had in the past is a means through which to negotiate. i think the reestablishment of diplomatic relations opens up those channels. whether or not these are things that will be put on the table i think is too early to tell. i'd like to say i have been back to the home i was raised in until six years of age and the lady who's living in the home has tried to sell me that home several times over. actually, rather cheaply. i would not want to buy that

home. so i think it's going to be interesting, but what we do have now is that channel through which we can put these issues on the table and negotiate them and hopefully move forward in what we do with our enemies and our friends. >> woodruff: maria de los angeles torres at the university of illinois, chicago, we thank you. >> thank you judy. >> ifill: for most democrats and republicans, 2016 has turned into a season of disruption as candidates have attempted to woo voters from the left and the right and encountered attacks from within. here to sort it out this politics monday: susan page, washington bureau chief for "u.s.a. today" and stu rothenberg of the rothenberg and

gonzales political report. and the roll call newspaper. part of the disruption for the last several weeks has been donald trump. this week he was at a faith and values summit in iowa and asked about john mccain who said that donald trump was stirring up the crazies so donald trump responded. >> i supported him. i supported him for president. i raised a million dollars for him. it's a lot of money. i supported him. he lost. so i never liked him as much after that because i don't like losers, but -- >> he's a war hero. because he was captured. i like people who weren't captured. >> ifill: so what effect do we think that donald trump's statements this weekend not only on that but also religion had to do with this race?

>> it's interesting because when donald trump made outrageous statements about mexican immigrants saying they were rapists and drug dealers, there were pshbacks among the rivals. on this, he's been called to apologize which he refused to do. the question is will this reinforce donald trump supporters who like the fact he's a no surrender type of guy or will this mean his phenomenal rise will be reversed? >> ifill: what do you think, stu? >> it's too early the to know. the indication of the past two weeks is he's been in first or second place either in national polls or iowa. he's clearly touched a nerve. i'm skeptical it's going to last much longer, but the republican electorate, the core republican voter is angry, frustrated, disappointed not only at the president but at leadership within their own party, and donald trump goes out there and

he's bomb bombastic explosive, causes trouble, and it has resonated. over the long haul, it's hard to believe donald trump will be republican nominee for president, but in the short term he's obviously a factor in the debate and discussions. >> ifill: what struck me is he voted the guy most republicans voted for in 2008 but he also did another interesting thing in that he kind of insulted evangelicals a little bit, even though he was at a evangelical conference. he said he's a presbyterian, he takes the little cracker but he's never asked god for forgiveness, which seems that hurt.

>> him saying h wafer in a dismissive way and that he didn't ask forgiveness that's shortcomings. but his part of the republican party is a tea party which thinks washington doesn't work, politicians can't the be trusted, here's a guy who tells hard truths. we don't punch too much story in a single poll but a washington d.c. poll out tonight says donald trump in first place 24%. but said the polling sunday night when people possibly heard about the mccain exchange his support fell to single digits. that may be one early sign this will hurt him. >> let's remember that right now when people answer poll questions, they're not really answering the question of who do you want to be president of the united states. they're answering a different question. who is reflecting your anger and frustrations and disappointments? who is giving voice to your feelings?

>> ifill: okay so that's the answer to your question for now. there are 20 other people in the race, and they all have to respond every single day to the donald trump whirlwind. so what does it tell us about that? >> i think the greatest one is it's kind of frozen the race. nobody else can get much traction. how do you get through when donald trump is saying donald trump-isms, whatever they are. individual candidates i think are hurt because of his appeal to the tea party and angry old voters is eating into ted cruz's. his emphasis on a straight-talking, republican i'll tell you what's really going on eats into chris christie's. so more than anything else, he has been, as you said, a disrupter. >> and an opportunity cost, right? other candidates not only can't get any attention, they can't talk about issues including issues that are likely to be much more important in the presidential campaign.

>> ifill: what does it do for candidates like scott walker the governor of wisconsin got into the race last week, john kasich the governor of ohio gets into the race this week and who we assume would be strong midwestern governors do they get blown out of the water with all this going on? >> i think it cost scott walker some he expected to get from the announcement. if governor kasich announces tomorrow, does the the attention of trump cost him? for john kasich that could be important because you're coming up on the first debate next month, need to be in the top ten to participate. kasich is expecting a pump -- bump in tomorrow's announcement to get him at number 9 or 10 to participate in the debate. >> ifill: the democrats, the net roots nation conference where the liberal candidates show up and they tell them what they want to hear. but both bernie sanders and

martin o'malley got shouted down by people who were there on behalf of the black lives matter movement and none came out smelling like a rose. >> i think that told less about the candidates and more about the constituents there. this is the tea party version on the democratic, on the progressive side, people who are distrustful of the democratic party's leadership want more ideology, more confrontation. right now the democrats don't quite have the problem the republicans have with the tea party and the division, but this conference was i think, a warning that the democrats have to worry about that kind of disruption. >> ifill: is this the kind of thing hillary clinton has to worry about? >> yeah, i think it is. we don't think martin o'malley or bernie sanders will be the nominee we think hillary clinton will be the democratic nominee and she will have to deal with the party that moved significantly to the left since her husband ran for president and that is distressful for her

even though her support remains strong among liberals. she will have to deal with a liberal party who feels energized. >> ifill: and dealing with energies far left, far right. fun summer. susan page, u.s.a. today, stu rothenberg, rothenberg and gonzales political report, thank you. >> thank you. >> woodruff: in chicago this summer, police are dealing with an unsettling spike in violent crime, after a drop in the homicide rate over the last two years. this weekend, 11 dead and 34 injured. more now from special correspondent chris bury. >> reporter: in chicago, this is the season of sorrow and grief. every summer, tears flow as the body count climbs with the temperatures. this is the killing season.

many of those killed are kids filled with promise, including vonzell banks, just 17. for his family, the pain is unbearable. but so many young people like him are dying that the whole city is grieving, too. >> do you think it's too much for a city to let its parents see their kids graduate? >> reporter: even chicago's hard-charging mayor, rahm emanuel, had to choke back his tears. >> i will tell you this as a father of three. this is not natural. this is not right. they deserve better. >> reporter: by all accounts vonzell banks deserved better, too. playing by the rules, staying out of trouble, spending time at church. they called him "drummer boy" for his talent keeping the beat

for the choir. for his pastor, derail smith, the pain is personal. he watched vonzell grow up. >> he was brought up in a traditional type family where it was "yes, sir, yes ma'am, and thank you very much, and i appreciate you," those type of things. there was never any indication for me to see that he had any type of interaction with drugs or with any type of violence. he was not that, no. not at all. >> reporter: so a good kid. >> absolutely. absolutely. >> reporter: that promising life ended during a family outing over the july 4th weekend at this playground, a gritty slab of asphalt on the city's south side. in a bitter irony, it had recently been re-named for hadiya pendleton, the 15-year- old honor student whose killing drew national attention when she was shot to death in another park just days after performing at president obama's second inauguration.

her parents were beyond dismay to learn of vonzell's killing here. >> i was devastated. the park, you know, we just got the park renamed, and already, you know, there was a murder here. >> my emotions really got the best of me to be perfectly honest, because the situations were so similar between what happened to my daughter, and what happened to their son. >> reporter: like hadiya pendleton-- and so many others in chicago-- vonzell banks died from a bullet intended for someone else. in this case, a gang member who ran onto this basketball court fleeing a rival. police say the gang-banger pulled out a gun and fired indiscriminately, hitting banks in the back. his cousin, also shot, survived. >> vonzell died in his father's arms. a father not only lost his son, he held him as he took his last breath. >> shots fired.

>> reporter: already this year chicago has seen more than 2,000 shootings. the number of murders, more than 200, climbing again after dropping each of the last two years. summer nights are the worst. >> it's definitely related to heat, there's definitely more shootings when it gets warm out that's just the way it goes. >> reporter: we spent a recent friday night with pauley lapointe, a "nightcrawler" who races to crime scenes to shoot footage for local t.v. stations. just after 11, police radios crackled with reports of the first of ten shootings that night. what have you heard so far from the scanner? what do you know? >> so far we got a person shot, sounds like a victim in their 20s, critical condition, ambulance en route. >> reporter: when we arrive, a young woman is clearly distraught. 25-year-old keith cannon has been shot in the chest. he died a few hours later, one of three men killed that night.

even as police investigated that shooting, another erupted a few blocks away. >> shots fired 7908 halsted. 7908 halsted. five shots were fired at the door of the restaurant. >> reporter: more shootings. >> yup. here they come. >> reporter: this time two men have been shot outside this fast food joint, the gun casings still in clear view. by the end of the weekend, 32 people had been shot. six of them died. how frustrating is it for you to see the level of violence that chicago is experiencing this summer? >> well, it's very frustrating because i see clearly what needs to be done. >> reporter: police superintendent garry mccarthy says coping with chicago's violence is like drinking from a fire hose. his officers take more illegal guns off the street than new york and l.a. combined: more than 3,400 in the first six months of this year. but even that has not been

enough to stem the killings. >> the biggest reason is, the people who we arrest with firearms do not do jail time here in the state of illinois. possession of a loaded firearm illegally, in the state of illinois is not even considered a violent crime for sentencing purposes. and it's very frustrating to know that it's like 7% of the population causes 80% of the violent crime. well, let's put that 7% of the population in jail. somebody has to go to jail. >> reporter: mccarthy also blames a chicago gang culture that is even more entrenched-- and deadly-- than the ones he knew during previous stints in new york city and newark. >> gangs here are-- they're traditional gangs that are generational, if you will. the grandfather was a gang member, father's a gang member, and the kid right now is going to be a gang member. >> reporter: how easy is it for these kids, 12, 13 years old, to get guns?

>> it's so easy for kids here to get guns, it's like comparing it to going to the gas station and getting a 50-cent juice. >> reporter: for 12 years, diane latiker has run an after school program called "kids off the block" in one of chicago's deadliest neighborhoods. in 2007, she built a memorial with bricks containing the names of children and teens killed in chicago violence. after 374 bricks, she had to stop. there was no more room. nearly 600 more young people have died violently since then. >> if we would have kept with the bricks, it would have took over the whole block, sadly, sadly. >> reporter: diane latiker's idea is to keep kids away from gangs before they can be recruited. >> a big percentage say they made the decision to join a gang, or not to join, or participate in violence between fifth and eighth grade, so i said, well, that's who i should

target, because if they make that decision at that time, maybe i can get a few of them to say no, i'm not going to do it, because i'm involved in something positive, i feel like i have hope, and i have a future. >> reporter: nearly all of the kids here told us they had heard gunshots and knew someone who had been shot. what many fear most is becoming the unintended targets of bullets meant for others. >> because i have to come outside every day, and people just end up killing innocent people, like mostly every day. >> when it's hot outside, people do dumb stuff. everybody be outside, it gets to arguments, they have guns and point them at the wrong person, shoot for no apparent reason. >> reporter: the deadly violence that afflicts chicago is rarely visible in the gleaming downtown that tourists see. nearly all of it takes place in the impoverished neighborhoods of the south and west sides. the victims, overwhelmingly black and latino. for diane latiker, the strongest antidote to the killing is shoring up the economy.

>> jobs, investment, economics business is afraid to come here because of crime, it's like a catch 22. we need the investment and the economics to show up, so we can stop having the guns so readily available. >> reporter: but, from the police point of view, poverty alone does not lead people to shoot each other. superintendent mccarthy is convinced that only tougher penalties on gun law violators-- much stiffer prison terms-- will make a real impact. >> it's just such a simple formula. new york state did it. stiffened the gun laws. lighten up on the narcotics penalties. and you'll see incarceration rates go down, you'll see gun seizures go down, and you'll see murders go down at the same time. >> reporter: for chicago's mayor emanuel, the fundamental problem-- and solution-- is a matter of values. at the funeral of vonzell banks, he struck a strident tone on the role of fathers, in particular. >> there's a big debate out there about fatherhood.

it's a fair discussion. let's have it. because the fathers have to be present. the fathers have to be there and teach. these are god's children. these are your children. these are my children. >> reporter: in the lively gospel service, mixed with notes of sorrow were songs of joy for the life that this 17-year-old lived. demonstrations of faith that his spirit was now in a better place. but the songs and prayers could not mask the deeper anguish in this congregation and in this city that far too many of its children are taken away in senseless acts of violence. i'm chris bury for the pbs newshour in chicago.

>> woodruff: still ahead on the newshour: the search for signs of intelligent life in the universe expands and learning to think on one's feet, through dance. >> ifill: next: delivering cutting edge medical care from a most unusual vehicle. special correspondent fred de sam lazaro reports from vietnam. it's part of his ongoing series: agents for change. >> reporter: back in 1970 when this wide body d.c.10 went into service war was still raging all around this airport in hue vietnam. there are still reminders of the conflict that ended 40 years

ago, including the exhibit that captured american military hardware. but at the airport a very different perception. >> hey, how you doing? >> reporter: the d.c.10 crew got a flowery welcome then quickly got to work on board. >> we convert this airplane into a fully equipped eye hospital, state of art facility. we have a team of 22 professionals, covering all what is needed to run the hospital. >> reporter: dr. ahmed gomaa is medical director of the orbis flying eye hospital. started in 1982 with grants from the u.s. government and corporate and individual donors mostly from the airline industry, it has visited 92 countries. this is the sixth visit to vietnam. besides the paid staff, there are dozens of volunteers, including the pilots. nurses and doctors do hands on care during the week long visit

but the main goal is training-to sustain care long after they leave, says california based surgeon mary o'hara. >> this is very, very different than being the great white surgeon who comes in and does some magical surgeries and then leaves without imparting any of the magic to the surgeons in the community. it's teaching the doctors the surgical skills to go forth and do good things for the community, and also teach other doctors. so there's a ripple effect. >> reporter: so, well before the plane arrives, orbis has alerted local eye care providers who in turn alert likely patients. for eight-year-old thuy, it's a rare chance at surgery for her strabismus, or lazy eye. >> ( translated ): we took her to see a doctor four years ago. >> ( translated ): we went to a we were afraid to even ask how much it would cost. >> reporter: thuy's father is disabled. her mother earns less than two

dollars a day gathering and selling recyclables. >> ( translated ): i hope the doctors help me because i don't want to be cross-eyed anymore. >> reporter: strabismus is common, affecting perhaps four percent of all people. patients can lose sight in the wayward eye and depth perception. there also are painful psycho social effects, says dr. o'hara >> we're keyed to be attracted to symmetry and repulsed by asymmetry on a very subconscious level and people who have crooked eyes tend to be down- rated in society. >> reporter: just because of the appearance of that person. >> right. >> reporter: six-year-old van doesn't seem affected by social stigma, at least not yet. >> ( translated ): her life is pretty normal. she gets teased a bit, but her life is pretty normal. >> reporter: van's parents also struggle to make ends meet and cannot afford surgery. >> ( translated ): we had been to a doctor three years ago. they said wait for a charity group to come.

>> reporter: the next day they and others gathered at the local eye hospital for screening about 75 patients are being screened here at the local hospital. some 45 will be chosen for surgery or laser treatment, based on a variety of criteria. they need to be particularly good teachable cases. young patients with good prognoses have priority, as do those in danger of losing their sight altogether. orbis volunteers-- surrounded by local doctors and students-- assessed patients with various eye diseases. including diabetes-related conditions, glaucoma and strabismus thuy, it turns out, wasn't a good teachable case and not really ready for surgery. dr. o'hara says she needed more "patching" therapy, in which the good eye is covered up so the wandering one can be exercised. >> we really need to have her in her glasses and have her

amblyopia treated to the maximum that it can be treated and then think about surgery. >> reporter: the let down was plain to see on the faces of thuy and her mother. >> ( translated ): of course we're sad, seeing my daughter sad. we were hopeful working with these people so it's a little sad that nothing came of it. >> and is she otherwise healthy? >> reporter: it was van's turn >> see how much bigger the exotropia is here than down here? i would do 10mm bilateral lateral rectus recessions. >> reporter: meaning van would get surgery on both eyes to bring them into alignment. the next morning, as she and her father walked up to the airplane, lectures were underway in what normally is the first class section. it's now a 48 seat classroom. in the back, the team led by dr. o'hara was preparing. >> you ready?

does she have any allergies? >> ( translated ): no! >> reporter: no allergies and clearly no fears as she underwent a 90-minute procedure- following closely on video screen in the classroom. while there are more economical ways to do this. even flying trainees to california would cost less than but for orbis a key part of the mission is publicity for the cause. which is often neglected amid myriad challenges faced in developing nations. dr. gomaa says the sheer gee whiz factor helps draw attention to eye disease, >> the young doctors in vietnam are very good.

they need support. they need machines. >> slow, good, up, beautiful! >> reporter: local surgeon thao phuong says she also learned about processes that help deliver care efficiently. >> the surgery went fine. the person i was training on this particular surgery had done surgery before and she was very good and attentive listening to instruction and following instruction. >> dr. o'hara was very clear in her instructions. the whole process, from tiny things, from anesthesia, it was very detailed step-by-step. >> reporter: she and other local doctors hope orbis-through lobbying and sometimes securing them expand care-- allowing families like thuy's to afford care. for orbis' part, while it needs lots of money to run its operation, it gets almost as much in kind-through volunteers, like pilot bob rutherford >> you see things that you never see in life. young children who've never had vision, they have their sight restored. those things really kinda pull at your heartstrings, makes it easy to do.

>> reporter: the morning the morning after surgery, van was still puffy and a bit groggy. orbis sent us this video taken a few days later of a child who in dr. o'hara's words, had "symmetry" restored to her life. this is fred de sam lazaro for the pbs newshour in hue, vietnam >> woodruff: fred's reporting is a partnership with the under- told stories project at st. mary's university of minnesota. >> ifill: the search for signs of intelligent life in the universe may have been a fruitless one so far, but the effort got a major boost today with a new initiative from scientists stephen hawking and others. using some of the world's biggest radio telescopes, the project will spend the next ten years surveying one million of the closest stars to earth,

trying to find any signals from the 100 closest galaxies. it's called the "breakthrough initiative" and it's funded by russian billionaire and silicon valley tech investor yuri milner. he's pledged $100 million for the project. earlier today in london, physicist stephen hawking spoke to reporters about the eternal quest. >> it's time to commit to finding the answer to search for life beyond earth. the great initiatives are making that commitment. we are alive, we are intelligent, we must know. >> ifill: andrew siemion is director of the berkeley s.e.t.i. research center and is affiliated with the breakthrough initiative. the acronym s.e.t.i. stands for "search for extraterrestrial intelligence." andrew siemion, thank you for joining us. aside from hollywood movies, how hard have we been looking for

extraterrestrial life in the universe? >> we have been looking pretty hard. the modern radio search for extraterrestrial intelligence this is the experiment to try to detect extraterrestrial technologies by radio emissions has been going on for about 55 years. >> ifill: this $100 million investment that's being made, how significant is that and what will it do? >> it's absolutely incredible, and it's coming at a very fortuitous time. in the last couple of years, we've learned at least 10% of the stars in our galaxy have an earth' like planet, about the size of the earth that liquid water could exist on the surface. at the same time our computer technology has advanced dramatically. so we have the opportunity now to pair our knowledge of extra-solar planets and possibilities for life in the universe with incredible advances and computing technology to conduct the most sensitive search for extraterrestrial intelligence ever undertakenan the h history

of humanity. >> ifill: are we talking bigger tell scopes higher frequency radios signals? >> we don't know exactly what frequency extraterrestrial intelligence may be scanning on. so we need to scan much to have the electromagnetic and radio spectrum as we can and that's what the computer technology gets us. it gets us the ability to search a huge ability amount of radio spectrum, 20 to 50 times more than we've ever been able to look at before, and we're hooking the instruments we're building up to-at-largest radio tell scopes in the world to conduct a very sensitive search. >> ifill: the public can be involved in this search? >> that's absolutely right. there's a brorksd open philosophy to the entry project. all the data will be open, all the software we use, hardware, everything will be open source. a component of that is a pairing with the study at home project.

this is a screen saver some of your audience may have heard of that they can download on their computer and run it and actually analyze some of the data from the tell scopes we collect on their home computer and contribute to the search. >> ifill: so there are two pieces of this, one is what we want the universe to know about us and what we want to learn about the universe. so who gets to decide how much we want them to know about us? >> that's right. well, that's the beautiful thing about this project is that we all get to decide. two breakthrough initiatives were announced today. one is listen. that's the search for extraterrestrial initiative we just talked about. the other is called message. this is a project that's going to try to unite the world in considering what we might want to say to an advanced civilization that we might some day get in contact with. it's important to point out there's no commitment to send the message, but this is just a project to try to determine what type of message we might send. would it be art, music would it be pictures?

would it be sound? and the whole world will participate in that enterrify to think of this message. >> ifill: what if we discover life out there that is not friendly and, therefore, there is only so much we want them to know about us? who controls that? >> that's a very good question. as i said there's no commitment to send a response. i personally think that if we do detect advanced life, we should undertake a broad discussion with all segments of humanity -- social, political governments, economic -- and consider whether we do want to try to communicate with the life we encounter. >> ifill: very fascinating. a lot of questions to be answered as well as asked here. andrew siemion with u.c. berkeley "seti" project. thank you very much. >> thank you. >> woodruff: for nearly 40

years, the national dance institute in new york has given free lessons to new york public school students. and as jeffrey brown found out these kids are learning some incredible steps, take a look. ♪ ♪ >> brown: fifth graders at public school 2 in new york's chinatown learning to think on their feet. they're among 6000 new york city school children who receive dance instruction each week at no cost. but, according to their teacher at great benefit. >> they find a different form to express themselves, they find their self-confidence and you really see them becoming their own person. >> brown: it's the work of the national dance institute, a nonprofit that's been sending instructional teams into new york city schools for nearly 40 years. filling a gap where school budgets fall short, filling a need, says shuen lin, where educational priorities are elsewhere.

>> most of the kids in our school, and in any school right now, we're so focused on high- stakes testing. and kids do nothing but basic reading, math, reading math. they sit so much in the school in my classroom and this provides an opportunity for them to not really just get away from learning, because they're still learning. >> brown: ellen weinstein is n.d.i.'s creative director and a longtime instructor. >> the children learn grit and tenacity and to take chances and to learn that it's okay to make a mistake, because if they work hard and they commit to something, they're going to be successful. >> brown: assistant principal joanna cohen: >> 96% of our kids qualify for free or reduced price lunch. and many of our students are very recent immigrants to the united states. all i can say is there's not enough of it, schools desperately, children desperately need more.

>> i always thought i would be either a doctor, or an archaeologist or a crook. a really good crook. >> brown: the force behind all this is a legend in the world of dance-- jacques d'amboise-- who calls himself "the new yorker with the fancy french name." in fact, d'amboise grew up in hard circumstances in 1930s and '40s new york. his mother started him in ballet at seven as a way to keep him out of trouble. he left school at 15 to pursue dance full-time. and at just age 17, became a principal dancer in the new york city ballet. >> if you think back, why are you doing what you're doing. it's those early teachers, those early influences. your teachers, especially, and your parents, that kind of write the scripts that you end up acting out the rest of your life. >> brown: d'amboise would dance on stages around the world for decades. and in 1976, even while still with the new york city ballet,

he began going into public schools to offer free lessons to students. >> i know how it transformed me. and i never paid a nickel or a dime for a lesson, i had free all the time. >> brown: the institute grew into a city-wide force, with a headquarters in harlem. there, every saturday, children selected by their instructors at n.d.i come for additional, higher-level training-- also free-- in preparation for a year-end performance. d'amboise still comes down to watch and offer a few pointers. >> it's the best theater. it's better than broadway to watch these fabulous new york city children dancing and it sets my saturdays off like having a birthday party. >> brown: the organization's been around long enough that former students, like dufftin garcia, have themselves become instructors. garcia was just eight when he was selected to join n.d.i.'s saturday program. he says his schoolmates didn't make it easy at first.

>> they totally made fun of me and they called me twinkle toes, and they called me, they had the nicknames and so forth. and of course i quit because i couldn't handle the pressure, i thought it just wasn't for me, and i went into martial arts thinking maybe i can get my manhood back that way. >> brown: distant memories now. garcia found his way back to dance and uses laughter and his own experience to put children at ease. >> you make it so that the ones who don't feel like they're cool, you make it cool. the ones who don't feel like they're maybe comfortable, you make them comfortable. those that you feel like maybe it's just not for them, you make it seem, you make it so that they understand that it's for everyone. >> brown: 11-year-old jonathan rosario had clearly decided dancing is for him. >> brown: i was watching and your teacher was saying "attitude, attitude", right? what does that mean to you, attitude? >> like put more of your spice in it. >> brown: your own what, spice? what does that mean? >> like your own movement, maybe. like when you walk, you go... >> brown: jonathan's mother,

jessica candelario, danced in school, and says her son has gained friends and confidence from the program. >> he talks about going to college, and mommy i want to do this dancing, i want to go for this. i'm like, do it. >> children will play 'til they drop, right? ask them to put out the garbage "i'm too tired, mommy. i'm too tired." but if you say, "can you put out the garbage walking backwards? and then hop on one leg, or singing the star spangled banner," make play and testing right. part of the game and people will kill themselves to be able to do it. >> brown: a glimmer in his eye, a lightness to his step d'amboise told us how dance almost killed him-- nearly every bodily part broken or replaced at one time or another. so what keeps you going now at nearly 81? >> well, breathing and a heartbeat. hopefully. >> brown: from harlem, new york i'm jeffrey brown for the pbs newshour.

>> woodruff: on the newshour online tonight: we continue our series from cartoonist jack ohman, who illustrates the poignant and heartwrenching story of the final days of his father's life. find his latest, on our home page. that's at pbs.org/newshour. >> ifill: tonight on most of these pbs stations: join charlie rose as he gets the view from israel, on the iran nuclear deal. >> woodruff: as we close tonight from our new home at the nweshour, we want to take note of all of the hard work that went into getting this designed, built and ready for you to see and hear tonight. >> ifill: if you can imagine, this took only a week or two to get done to move to one studio -- from one studio to

another and now we have our beautiful, new place. we want to thank everyone involved, the design team and everybody leer at the home station in washington weta. they put a lot into it. >> woodruff: we like what we're in the middle of right nower. >> ifill: we're very happy. t for joining us. and that's the newshour for tonight. on tuesday: we meet some americans who have traveled to iraq, on their own, to fight join the fight against isis. i'm gwen ifill. >> woodruff: and i'm judy woodruff. join us online and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and good night. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, technology and improved economic performance and financial literacy in the 21st century.

>> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

this is "nightly business report" with tyler mathisen and sue herera. >> feeling blue? ibm tops earnings expectations but misses on the revenue side, and that is enough for investors to send the stock lower after the close. >> sign of concern? the nasdaq sits at an all time high. but under the surface, a trend is emerging that could cause some waves. >> finding a fit. where annuities may belong in your retirement portfolio. all that and more tonight on nightly business report for monday july 20th. >> good evening, everyone. welcome, everyone. it was a positive day on wall street but mixed results from dow component ibm could initially set the tone for