captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> ifill: good evening, i'm gwen ifill. judy woodruff is away. on the newshour tonight, hungary declares a state of crisis, as refugees flood its border, while at least 22 migrants die after a boat capsizes off the coast of turkey. also ahead this tuesday: in seattle, a tentative deal is reached to end a teachers' strike. plus, with two women running for president, we look at republican efforts to court female voters ahead of tomorrow's debate. >> of the 15 presidential candidates, of course fiorina will be the only woman debating tomorrow night, and that's an issue for republicans. how do they get more women to run for president? well, some say they need to encourage more women to run for other offices.

>> ifill: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> ifill: the many thousands on a desperate journey into europe's heartland hit the wall today, literally. a barrier fence sealed off the length of hungary's southern frontier, the main land route for the migrants.

james mates of independent television news reports from the scene. >> reporter: "open, open," they cry. 2,000 or more refugees pressing against hungary's newly fortified border with its southern neighbor serbia. there has been a human river flowing northward for weeks. this is what happens when you try to top -- stop that flow. the crowd have been growing since early morning as the first arrivals confronted the new, three-meter high, razor wire fence, one obstacle too many in their bid to get to germany. instead they must walk along it to an official transit center wilt from shipping containers. they can enter hungary through this door and this door alone, and the wait will be interminable. they have traveled hundreds of miles to get here. they find this quite literally the door into the e.u. and it's shut. so they waited, in a field, in

the blazing sun, all day. a former prime minister of hungary came to look. >> it's terrible what we are seeing here. it's terrible. >> reporter: he was disgusted by what his successor was doing. this man from damascus asked for her to find his wife, who crossed the border without him, mohammed now admits if he had known what was waiting for him, he might never have left syria. >> look at this. >> reporter: is this what you expected? >> of course not. this is because i tried to be legal. this is only because i tried to be legal. they want us to be illegal? this fence will not help them. [chanting] >> reporter: patience quickly ran out. demanding the right to go to germany, they sat in the middle of a main motorway between

hungary and serbia. pi their weren't going to cross the border, nor was anyone else. women brought tiny babies up to the friends pleading to be let through. instead the bolts were tightened. nervous policemen gripped their cans of tear gas in case there was to be an assault. it is a standoff. the serbians want this border open to relieve the pressure they're under. many others in europe believe this is not how refugees should be treated, but hungary has made this central to their policy, and they seem unlikely to back down. >> ifill: hungary also began enforcing new laws, arresting 174 people for trying to cross illegally. in response, serbia started bussing migrants toward croatia, which also has a border with hungary. but the hungarians defended their actions. >> the freedom of settlement, the freedom of the flow of goods-- is being endangered by the very fact that illegal migrants will come, will try to

come at will through the green borders. that is not going to stop if hungary is not stopping them. >> ifill: in washington, president obama met with the king of spain and expressed new concern about the crisis in europe. >> we agreed that this is going to require cooperation with all the european countries and the united states and the international community in order to ensure that people are safe, that they are treated with shared humanity and that we ultimately have to deal with the source of the problem, which is the ongoing crisis in syria. >> ifill: there were new casualties today among the thousands of syrians trying to make the journey. we'll have a report on that front in the crisis, after the news summary. losses mounted today from the firestorm that swept part of northern california over the weekend. officials gained access to more burned-out areas, about 100

miles north of san francisco, not far from napa valley. overnight, the count of homes consumed by the valley fire surged to 585, a number that could rise even higher as the big blaze keeps burning. at least 9,000 more homes are in its path. the massive fire has engulfed 104 square miles across three counties. in hard-hit middletown, the newly homeless are trying to absorb the enormity of their losses. >> my house burnt up in probably about 30 minutes. i lived on hoberg south, which is basically where the fire originated from. we were at a soccer game, got home a little after 2:00 p.m. our house was gone by 3:00 and we really don't have anything left. >> ifill: for those families, donated clothing and food are on hand at an evacuation center at the napa county fairgrounds. many of the evacuees still don't know if their homes and belongings even survived. >> i know everybody wants to

know, what happens? when do we get to go home? it's not an easy question. you get to go home when it's safe. >> ifill: others are just trying to maintain hope, in the face of the devastation. >> i'm not going to be defined by things like this. you have a choice of how you handle things in life, and i think this is the way i'm going to handle it-- positive. we'll move forward. we'll get through this. >> ifill: nearly 2,400 firefighters are battling the valley fire. by this morning, it was only 15% contained. one person died in the valley fire: an elderly woman whose body was found in the gutted remains of her home. another major wildfire has burned nearly 200 homes and outbuildings, southeast of sacramento. it's now about one-third contained. a small town in utah is in mourning tonight after flash floods killed nine people monday evening.

one other was missing. authorities said a wall of water smashed into hildale, just above the border with arizona. an s.u.v. and a van carrying women and children were washed miles downstream by the torrent triggered by heavy rainfall in a canyon above the town. flood warnings remained in force today, with more storms in the forecast. in north korea, state media announced the communist nation's nuclear fuel plants have been upgraded and restarted. that includes the main plutonium enrichment site at yongbyon. upgrades there could let the north build new, more sophisticated nuclear warheads. russian president vladimir putin today strongly defended moscow's military aid to the government of syria. he said such intervention is needed to defeat the islamic state group. putin spoke in tajikistan, at a meeting of ex-soviet nations, and he urged other countries to follow russia's example. >> ( translated ): i would like to say that we are supporting the government of syria in the fight against terrorist aggression, and will continue to

offer military-technical assistance. it's clear that without an active participation of the syrian authorities and the military, it would be impossible to expel the terrorists from that country and the region as a whole. >> ifill: putin rejected allegations that russian support has sparked the flow of refugees out of syria. he said the situation would be even worse if moscow had not stepped in. desperate officials in malaysia turned to cloud-seeding today to battle a smoky haze that's blanketed swaths of southeast asia. planes will spew chemicals into the air, to promote rainfall and clear the air. the haze is coming from illegal fires set in neighboring indonesia to clear land. it's so bad, and dangerous to breathe, that schools across three states in malaysia had to close today. back in this country, hewlett- packard announced up to 30,000 jobs will be cut when it spins off its software, consulting, and data analysis business. h-p already shed thousands of workers in recent years amid

falling demand for its personal computers and printers. and, wall street shot higher, as weaker economic data raised hopes that the federal reserve might delay raising interest rates. the dow jones industrial average gained nearly 230 points to close at 16,600. the nasdaq rose 54 points, and the s&p 500 added 25. still to come on the newshour: a state of crisis as europe grapples with refugees. how republicans are trying to court women voters. and much more. >> ifill: now to another tragedy at sea. earlier today, a boat filled past its capacity with migrants and refugees capsized off the turkish coast, drowning more than 20 people. pbs newshour's malcolm brabant, who was on shore as survivors

returned to the turkish city of bodrum, reports tonight on why so many are still willing to take the risk. >> reporter: the boat capsized and sank less than two miles after setting off from bodrum. more than 240 people were packed into the 65-foot long vessel, which was normally used for tourist trips. it was headed for the nearby greek island of cos, one of the main entry points to europe. turkish coast guards managed to rescue 220 people, but 22 drowned, four of them children, one a 16-day-old baby. the survivors were brought back to the coast guard station in bodrum, where medical teams were on has hand to deal with the tra of their experience. a group of small children were among the first to be placed on special buses by police. the whole drama was played out in front of european tourists who had been to turkey for a day

shopping and were boarding boats back to their resorts in kos the legal way. >> i have very mixed feelings over it obviously. sympathy for some of them, and obviously concern over the others. >> reporter: what do you think about the journey they have to make? >> that's terrible. we sit from our balcony and watch them go in and out. they'ring with pushed from pillar to post. they must doubt where their future lies in the end of all this. >> reporter: the regional authorities drafted in extra police to hunt down the trafficking gang responsible for this latest mediterranean tragedy. and three men were taken away. the going rate for the short voyage to europe is $1,000 a head. so this one boatload could have earned the people smugglers $250 million. officials at the coast guard suggested these men were the prime suspects. excuse me, sir, are you the smuggler responsible for these people's deaths?

what's your involvement in this? the turkish authorities have kept us quite some distance away from the survivors, but we've been close enough to one of the busses to hear the most uncontrollable weeping coming from a couple of people who have lost relatives during the sinking. now, these people haven't just endured the most profound personal tragedy, they've also probably lost money to the traffickers who were promising them a new life in europe, and what's more, once the turbish authorities are finished processing them, they're going to take them away from the mediterranean, hundreds of miles away to the southeastern part of turkey, near to the syrian border to an overcrowded refugee camp. and perhaps then they'll try to escape and come and go through this whole experience one more time. such tragedies don't deter this man, a 21-year-old syrian student who spent the past three years in lebanon. he's already had one failed crossing after his boat was intercepted by the turkish coast

guard. but he's ready to try again work the intention of getting to sweden. >> i look at it as redemption to start a new life in these free countries. these free countries where they respect human rights, all the human rights. >> reporter: how many... it is worth the risk going on the boat? i mean, how scared are you? >> i mean, i have already been on the boat the first time. i failed. i'm now going back. it's not that hard. it's better than to stay in lebanon and die slowly. without study and nothing to do in lebanon, it's worthless to go there. it's worthless. >> reporter: have you got something to give to europe? >> yes, yes. if i study there, i am willing to give the europe back what they gave me. i give them back what they gave me. they give me shelter, give i

them back my whole energy to their country. >> reporter: this is basmani in the city of ismir, the gateway the europe. it's a magnet for many nationalities. >> it's a meeting point for smugglers and refugees. all day, during the day or during the night, they are all coming together here and talking and reaching a price. >> reporter: the regional government estimates there are 70,000 asylum seekers in the region, but the professor reveals the number is really 400,000, half of whom want to come to europe. the figures dwarf those that europe is concentrating resettling. >> we are seeing i think one of the most tragic situations in

history. at the moment three million people are in turkey, and at least half of them are trying to go to europe and to survive to, have better conditions, to get refugees situation. >> reporter: the professor and other volunteers offer a rudimentary health care service where infection is rife among the dirt and dust. turkey does not grant these people full refugee status, and so unless they have money, they are in serious trouble. as a professor treated children with bronchitis, we caught up with abid. a smuggler told him to go to a secret rendezvous for a boat to a greek island. how does this feel in terms of your life? how much of an important day is today? >> it's... it might be my pest day or it might be my salvation day. >> reporter: what do you

think? >> what do i think of what? >> reporter: what is it going to be? >> hopefully my salvation day. >> reporter: and what does salvation mean to you? >> salvation means start a new life, find a new home, not to stay stuck here in ismir and turkey and going back to lebanon and live a miserable life. >> reporter: in this corner of turkey we've not been able to discover where abid made it. this is the prosperous and exotic mediterranean, tantalizingly close to europe, but to refugees it's an illusion, for this is a deadly sea. for the pbs news howrk i'm macolm brabant in bodrum, turkey. >> ifill: german chancellor angela merkel today called for an emergency summit next tuesday to deal with the refugee and migrant crisis. the push comes one day after european ministers failed to reach a deal on resettlement quotas. some of germany's leaders have said the nation could receive one million people by the end of

this year. for more on how the country and continent are dealing with the surge, i'm joined by germany's ambassador to the united states peter wittig. thank you for join us. >> pleasure to be here. >> ifill: let's talk about this refugee summit that chancellor merkel is calling for. given the resistance that any common solution has met in brussels, is there a possibility that there's some one way to address this? >> >> well, we have to understand that this is a crisis of historic proportions, never since world war ii, have we seen that flow of refugees pouring into europe. so small wonder that europe was ill prepared for this momentous crisis, but i think all the countries have realized we can only solve this together. and it's a litmus test of european solidarity, and that's why the chancellor has called for an urgent summit to do basically two things, provide

more help for the front line states, those states where the refugees transit through or enter the european union, help them manage the border, help them to receive the refugees in a dignified manner, and help to fight human trafficking. and the second thing is, the second challenge is to find a fair and a fairer distribution of those refugees among us. in a way this is a litmus test for european solidarity. >> ifill: let me pick up on that. last week we had a european union ambassador sitting here where you are. his solution, their solution was that there be mandatory quotas imposed, that certain countries, every country in the e.u. would have to take a certain number of migrants. that has not gone over well is. that dead? >> it's not dead. it's still on the table, and the

security ministers, they discussed this and they reached an agreement that they would work together in that direction, but some countries have not embraced that idea because of their domestic politics because they think they can't receive that many refugees. it's not off the table, but it's not all of it. i think it's a package. we've got to support those countries that are receiving the refugees, the first point of entry, like greece, like italy, like hungary, we've got to enable them to receive and process is the word the refugees in a more dignified way, and then we've got to reform our own asylum, europe, asylum system, make it more coherent, and then again, yes, a fairer distribution of the refugees among the european member

states. it cannot be that just two or three are bearing the bankrupt of bankrupt -- brunt of the burden. >> ifill: among those two or three is germany. chancellor merkel had her arms wide open and now, however, is talking about border control. is that a result of domestic resistance to this notion of just throwing the doors open? >> well, the german reaction to the refugee flow was generally very welcoming. we saw an outpouring, an overwhelming outpouring of solidarity by thousands and thousands of volunteers in germany, and so reaction is still very positive, but the sheer number and the speed of the refugees, they are now starting to stretch the capabilities of our country, of the cities, of the municipalities. >> ifill: is it also the kinds of refugees we're talking about? you served in lebanon, if i'm not mistaken. >> i did.

>> ifill: so you understand the people we're talking about coming across these borders are not homogeneous the way they are in so many countries. >> first concern is now to have a more orderly process. we have to house the refugees, give them food, school them. we have to distinguish between those who are really in need of help, like the asylum seeker who is politically persecuted or the refugees from syria, for instance, they need our help. >> ifill: how do you make that distinction, and then the extra distinction between those who are innocent and those who are dangerous? >> well, they have to go through a process of registration, and eventually seek asylum, getting asylum or getting the status of a refugee. and then we can help them and welcome them for a longer time, and there are others who come for different reasons that we

might not be able to take in for good. so there are security concerns also. we have to know who is coming into our countries, so now we are at a point, and that's the back drop of that reenter duction of border controls. we're not closing the border, nor are we putting into question the system of free movement within europe, but that's an emergency measure in order to have a more orderly process of entry into our country. >> ifill: is it different for germany, a country which is perhaps more welcoming to immigrants because you have an aging population and you could actually stand to have some greater influx of new citizens. >> i think it's a couple reasons. first of all we have an historic legacy. we know the tremendous value of

asylum, countries granting exile. we have our own... we had in our history the nazi dictatorship that produced refugees, so we have a very liberal asylum law. i think we saw this compassion in the german population, which was really heartwarming for the victims of the civil war in syria. that's something... i served there, and, you know, people are fleeing hell, fleeing the barrel bombs of assad and the murderous swarts of isil. so i think that is what people felt. they need to... they wanted to comply with the norms. >> ifill: you talked about the war in syria and what's driving people out. how much responsibility does the european union, germany, the united states have to address or do something about the root causes of what's causing these people to flee? >> the root causes we have to tackle. and i think this refugee crisis

now should be a catalyst, if you will, a new incentive to once again try politically to cope with this cruel, horrendous civil war in syria. i think a good occasion would be the next meeting of the u.n. general assembly in two weeks' time where hopefully leaders will sit together and address that political challenge to come to a political solution in syria that includes not only the main segments of the syrian population, but also the main powers of the region, including saudi arabia and iran and others. >> ifill: that will certainly be at the top of someone's agenda. we'll see how that playings out in new york. peter wittig, german ambassador to the united states, thank you very much. >> thank you.

>> ifill: tomorrow night, the republican candidates for president will gather once again on a debate stage, this time in california at the ronald reagan library. the prime time gathering will feature at least one new face, carly fiorina, whose very presence will highlight one key challenge for republicans: the need to appeal to women voters. political director lisa desjardins has a preview tonight from simi valley. >> reporter: this townhouse in texas holds both the challenge and hope for republican women. missy shorey is setting up her new home office in dallas. from this desk she directs a national organization called maggie's list, named after maine republican margaret chase smith, the first woman to serve in both the u.s. house and senate. the prime goal of maggie's list: find, recruit and elect more republican women to office. a secondary goal: ramp up

republican appeal to women in general. >> women are not just a factor in elections, they are the factor in this election. and it's time that people have finally done the math and seen that indeed we represent 53% of the vote. and the sad reality is that as republicans and conservatives, we haven't always done the best job at reaching out. >> reporter: the last time a majority of american women voted for a republican presidential candidate was 1988. george h.w. bush edged out michael dukakis with women in exit polls. since then, women have gone the other way, choosing democrats, it is an advantage hillary clinton and her supporters are pressing. >> we are all here to kick off women for hillary. >> reporter: but a new poll shows hillary does not have a lock on women's votes. just 42% of democratic-leaning women say they support her, a sharp drop from 71% in july. enter carly fiorina, stage right.

>> if you're ready for a women president, and we know a lot of you are, how about one who is competent and honest and can do the job? >> reporter: fiorina has pushed back at clinton, and pushed out a conservative definition of feminism, about jobs and security. that brings us here to tomorrow's presidential debate, where of course fiorina will be the only woman on the debate stage. that concerns some republicans. how do they get more women to run for president? many say by encouraging more women to run for other offices: state, local, congress. but that is a problem for republicans too. it was hard to miss in congress last week. house republicans leaving their weekly meeting were a line of men. of 247 republicans, just 23 are women. members like utah's jason chaffetz openly acknowledge it. >> well, we need as many female candidates on the ballot as we possibly can. >> reporter: we asked tennessee congresswoman diane black, who co-founded a women's policy

group. how do republicans get more women in congress? >> we of course have been working on that for the last several years. the difficulty right now is there aren't a whole lot of opportunities for us because we've got a lot of seats that are already, 247 seats so it's... >> reporter: ...filled by men. >> yeah. it's difficult, well, if men decide to retire. we, of course, aren't going to primary our own guys. but if men decide to retire we are recruiting women for those positions. >> democrats are way ahead. about between 60-70% of the women who serve at the state legislative and congressional levels are democrats. >> reporter: jennifer lawless runs the women & politics institute at american university. she also is a democrat who advises women in her party on how to run for office. >> hi this is jennifer lawless returning your call. >> reporter: it may surprise some but she says reproductive issues, planned parenthood and abortion, divide women almost evenly and do not advantage either party nationally. what does matter?

she says economic fairness and diversity. >> we're talking about the economy and national security and a general sense of what's the best to move the country forward. and women are more likely to believe that the democratic party and the democratic party's candidates are diverse and understand a diverse group of people's preferences and backgrounds and circumstances. >> reporter: in dallas, missy shorey is pushing back against democrats. arguing that jobs, the economy and taxes are where conservatives can win women. >> these are women's issues, they're called pocketbook issues. the reality is that right now 40% of all households in the united states, the primary breadwinner is a woman. and no one is talking about this and nobody is respecting the fact that government is going after our purses. >> reporter: groups like hers are starting to change the face of the republican party. maggie's list helped launch nebraska senator deb fischer and a few dozen others.

the group has 7,000 members. but that's a fraction of the democratic equivalent, emily's list, and it's two million members. shorey is undaunted. >> we are positive when we're taking a stand and raising the issues, we're getting support. there's a de facto misconception out there that just because you're a woman, you're automatically a liberal. >> reporter: as the candidates battle for the nomination tomorrow night, their party hopes the debate helps win the fight for female voters. lisa desjardins, pbs newshour. simi valley, california. >> ifill: stay with us, coming up on the newshour: egypt responds to the killing of tourists. and, teaching girls how to make video games. but first, a five-day teachers' strike that delayed the start of the school year in seattle is

nearing an end. the strike itself was a surprise, and left parents of nearly 50,000 students figuring out just what to do for days. special correspondent cat wise was in seattle when the agreement was announced earlier today. >> reporter: seattle teachers kristin and joe bailey fogarty were getting ready for a fifth day on the picket line and another day out of school for them and their daughters when they got the news. >> we reached a tentative contract agreement with the seattle school board. >> no way! >> reporter: the news of a deal was a surprise to kristin and many of her colleagues in the union but a welcome one that came after an all-night negotiating session. >> we hated it. we've hated being on strike. we hate it. it's been 30 years since seattle struck because it is so awful. >> thank you for your support! thank you! [horn honks] >> reporter: teachers across the city began celebrating the likely end to seattle's first

teachers' strike in more than 30 years, even though details of the agreement were still under wraps this afternoon. district officials praised the outcome. >> in the end we found common ground, wanting to make sure that our children get the best education they can. we intend moving forward to work as closely as we can with the union to realize the goals that we have for making the seattle schools the best place for kids to go to school. >> reporter: the seattle education association, the union representing the district's 5,000 teachers and school staff, had been in negotiations over a new contract since may. but just as the school year was set to begin last tuesday, talks over pay raises and more broke down. issues including testing, longer instructional time, discipline policies and even the length of recess were on the table. but in a city where the cost of living is soaring, for many teachers like bailey fogarty, pay was a top concern. >> the teacher in the newspaper

who had the nanny and is married to somebody in the tech industry, that's the exception. a lot of teachers are single parents. a lot of teachers are coming out of school with huge student loans because you need a lot of education to be a teacher. >> reporter: before a deal was announced, teachers' union president jonathan knapp told us that wages were a key sticking point, but he said teachers fought for bigger issues important to parents across seattle and the country, like a program to reduce suspensions of minority students. >> a disproportionate of discipline of certain groups of students really matter to the parents. you know, the testing issue has become very important to parents these days. so i think all of those resonate with parents, and i think they will resonate all over the country. >> reporter: the week-long strike sent parents scrambling to find childcare when schools did not open. the school original minded temporary day camps at community centers across the city. this afternoon representatives from each school were expected to vote to end the strike.

and classes are likely to resume on thursday. over the weekend, the entire union will vote on whether to accept the deal. for the pbs muse hour, i'm cat wise in seattle. >> ifill: the u.s. sends hundreds of billions of dollars worth of military aid to allies around the world. on sunday, the army of one of those allies, egypt, killed twelve tourists. most of the dead were mexican citizens. they were in egypt's western desert. it's an area famous for it's rock formations and oases. it's also increasingly a base for insurgents launching attacks against the army. jeffrey brown has more. >> brown: the egyptian government says that an apache helicopter crew mistook the tourists for a group of islamic militants. an investigation is ongoing. egypt is one of the largest recipients of u.s. military aid in the world, receiving

$1.3 billion annually. and even before sunday's incident, there's been friction between washington and cairo over how the egyptian military uses american hardware. i'm joined now by michele dunne, senior associate at the carnegie endowment for international peace. welcome to you. >> thank you. >> brown: what more do we know about this incident on sunday? >> we know there was a group of tourists. they had an egyptian police escort and apparently had the proper permits that were touring near an oasis in the western desert, and the convoy was attacked obviously by mistake by an egyptian military helicopter. 12 people were killed. seven of those seemed to have been mexican tourists. there were others who were injured, including one person who is a dual mexican-u.s. citizen. >> brown: now, the helicopter and these other weapons are part of military aid from the u.s. to egypt, right? this aid had been put on hold

for a while during all the turmoil in egypt. is it back up to where it was? >> >> yes. the united states resumed all military aid to egypt earlier this year after having suspended after the military coup in 2013. now, egypt is fighting a serious insurgency. so the united states didn't want to abandon a long-time ally. the united states has a very deep investment in egypt and particularly the military, to which it has given more than $pa 35 billion of assistance. >> brown: the larger project is to crush the insurgency. where does that stand in >> welsh it's not going well. there was a military coup in egypt a couple years ago that suspended an attempt at a democratic transition, and since then terrorists who already existed in egypt have really escalated an insurgency. it started out in the sinai, and that's still the main base of it, but it has been spreading to other parts of the country,

notebly the western desert, the areas near libya, which is where this incident just took place happened, and it happened in the context of an egyptian army fight with some militants in that area. >> brown: this incident got a lot of attention, but it's one of many, i gather. there's a lot going on in the sinai, for example. >> absolutely. there have been very significant sure jet operations against the egyptian military in the sinai, and, frankly, the egyptian military's operations just aren't working. they don't have a holistic strategy against the insurgency. they seem to have ad hoc operations, and there are reports of very large human rights violations, collective punishment and so forth going on. so at the same time of the egyptian military is fighting the insurgency, in a way it's also fueling it by carrying out these abuses that seem to be channeling more and more people toward the militant groups.

>> brown: to circle back where we started, the tension in this country in part is because of the use of american hardware. now, does the u.s. sell these with strings attached? does it have any sway or influence in how these... how all this military hardware is used? >> the u.s. administration is trying to exert a bit more influence, both about over what egypt buys with its military aid from the u.s. government and also how it is used. but the egyptian military in general has not wanted a lot of advice or training. it wants a lot of hardware and very minimal training. but the united states recently, for example, secretary of state kerry was just in egypt in early august for a strategic dialogue, and he was pressing the issue, including in his public remarks, about the possible connection between human rights abuses and radicalization in the country and the need for more effective

counter-terrorism methods, as well as better political and economic atmosphere and rights atmosphere in the country. >> i think we'll leave it there. one correction before we go. i think we said seven mexican tourists were killed. i think the number is up to eight now. michelle dunne, thank you so much. >> thank you, jeff. >> ifill: now, giving girls a leg up, in an area formerly dominated by boys: making video games. special correspondent sandra hughes has the story. >> reporter: it's no secret that video gaming is aimed at a male audience. from creation to design to playing the games, the mostly violent first person shooter games target boys, not girls. no wonder. in 2013, women accounted for just 11% of computer game designers and only 3% of programmers. ten-year old scarlett thompson

isn't too young to understand there's a gender gap. >> i love videogames. >> reporter: you do, really? >> yes. >> reporter: so, what's it like for a girl who likes videogames? is it a tough world to be in? >> kind of, because you have to compete with people and sometimes it's really hard online. because it's not as fair and like "oh, no i have a girl on my team, what am i going to do?" >> reporter: these girls want to be more than just on the team. they want to create the game. they spent their summer break, along with thousands of others, at girls only computer coding camps like the alexa cafe and code like a girl. these camps aim to balance the gender gap in the next generation of coders by supporting an early interest in technology from girls. >> we're trying to create that environment, say "hey, you could

be the world's best coder. it doesn't have to be your brother. it can be you!!" >> it's code like a girl because we want to be treated equal but that doesn't mean that i'm like, "oh, boy's stink", because that would be that would be kind of hypocritical, i guess. >> its awesome because we're all here to learn more. we all have great intellectual minds, we're all curious, and we all have great ideas. we feed off of each other with our great ideas. >> reporter: these young coders say that learning in an all girl environment has allowed them to focus more on cooperation and less on the competition they feel in school when working with boys. >> at school, there's always been a little bit of an issue when we do robotics unit. they think they are the only ones capable of coding and doing the work. so often, it becomes a lot harder to do any of the work or when you bounce an idea off someone they're more like "no, my idea is right". but here, it's a lot of you to ask someone for an idea and they are like "here, let me help you". and it's a lot less, "no you are wrong".

it's just really nice to be in a collaborative environment. >> reporter: 11-year old kendall mcdermott hasn't found boys collaborative or even friendly when she plays online video games. to avoid harassment, she plays online as a he. >> so usually i avoid mentioning gender, which makes it a lot more enjoyable. but it's sad to think that if you, say, if you check female. you get a lot of hackers and spammers and people saying rude things about you even though they don't know you. >> reporter: the camp instructors see differences in how girls and boys create their games. >> she's supergirl so she's got to save someone. >> reporter: girl's games focus more on a narrative than competition. >> i don't think there's a difference. but i think that girls will make it more friendly and visual and happy, instead of like just gun

games and dark and gloomy and scary. >> reporter: at alexa cafe, the girl's design games aimed at having a positive social impact like scarlett's plan to save sea turtles. >> i made a game and it was you clean up all the trash before the turtles get them and you have three seconds to do it. it's actually pretty hard >> reporter: why do you think, scarlett, it's important for girls to understand coding and gaming and technology? why do girls need to get involved more? >> when girls start to run these video games, it will help a lot because girls will allow girls to come on that video game. >> reporter: and get more and more girls. then it'll be fair and it'll be even. >> yeah. >> reporter: right now it's not so fair and even. >> mm-mmm. >> i think that if you only have one kind of person thinking about something, and they can't find a solution to a problem, that might be because of the way they are coming to it. i think girls might have a

different interpretation of the problem and that might mean they might come up with a different solution. >> reporter: a solution that includes both boys and girls coding together and creating games they both will enjoy. for the pbs newshour, this is sandra hughes in los angeles. >> ifill: infant mortality, life expectancy, heart disease, obesity: in almost every area of health outcomes, black people are more vulnerable. in the latest addition to the newshour bookshelf, one african american doctor talks about what that looks like from the inside. jeff is back with that. >> brown: being black can be bad for your health, a lesson daymon tweedy writes in his new book, "black man in a white coat," a doctor's reflection on race and medicine that he learned time and again in his

own life and in many years as a doctor. tweedy is a psychiatrist at duke university where he also attended medical school. welcome to you. so you start with this big subject. is that what started it for you, that you wanted to write about? >> yes, race is a highly charged political subject, but for me this is a personal story. this is about my experience and my journey. all too often in medical school, i learn about health problems in the black community, you hear this disease is more common than this, it's always more common than black people, but you didn't hear why. it's a question of why. it's a huge issue for me. there's also a big question about how my experience as a young black man is different than the experiences of other people in my class. >> brown: you're saying as a young doctor in take, constantly hearing about the medical frailties of black people picked at the scab of your insecurity. you did not set out thinking about medicine and race. >> no, i was attracted to

medicine sort of like a inspirational mindset. medicine could be objective, formulas, equations. that appealed to me because so much of life is messy as a black person, so there was this appeal it could be objective. when i got to medical school, i got a rude awakening that it wasn't. >> brown: when you refer to your insecurities, what do you mean? >> i come from prince george's county, maryland, an all-black neighborhood. i went to duke, fancy private school. a lot of my classmates had parents who were doctors, so i was really insecure. as a black person, there is always a sort of thing, is affirmative action part of why you're here, and do you really belong? so i grappled with all those things when i first got to medical school. >> brown: you write about a number of incidents where you saw white doctors unaware of the different ways they were treating black patients. how much in the edit you conclude that race does a play factor in the doctor's room in

the hospital? >> i think it plays a big factor and often in ways that doctors and patients may not be aware of. there are somewhat examples that i talk about in the book, and there is one example particularly that comes to mind off the top of my head. this is the time that i'm going myself as a patient. i injured my knee a few days earlier. i'm dressed very casually in sweat pants and a wet shirt. i come into the exam room with the doctor. he comes in and he never looks at me. he looks at my knee and has me stand up and down and says, you're okay, and was going to shuttle me away. being a doctor, i knew there was more that could be done or should have been done, so i mentioned that i'm a doctor, and suddenly he looks at me and his eyes light up, and he looks at my knee. he starts to talk to me, and so he really engages in this doctor-patient exchange it should have been from the beginning. it's a vivid illustration of how differently i get per cede. on one hand i could be a young black man off the street somewhere, and who knows what negative presumptions he may have had. he didn't engage with me at all.

once he realized i'm a doctor. it's a totally different experience. it illustrates how differently things can play out in the exam room. >> brown: you became a psychiatrist. why? >> i never thought i would become a psychiatrist, but as i got toward the end of medical school, i took one location on a fly, and i enjoyed it. the patients told my supervisors that i had a way of relaxing people and getting them to talk to me. i had a way of connecting with people. so that really made me think about psychiatry. there is this huge issue as an african american. the mental health community is really a big deal because often black people will be resistant to mental health care or feel like it's something that's not for them. there is a huge stigma that we deal, with so as a psychiatrist, i'm one of the few black psychiatrist. so there's a huge deal there, as well. >> brown: this is something important you've written a lot about, the dearth of the black doctors generally. you're pointing that as one of the important factors of why blacks fair so poorly in the medical system.

why? why is it important to have more black doctors? >> african americans make up about 13% of the population, but about 4% of physicians. it's like mental health and psychiatry is the same. really low numbers. you often see this issue of the patients don't trust the health care system because there has been a bad history of things that have happened in the past. often as a black doctor, i'm there to be translator in a way. >> so that's why we need more black doctors. at the same time, i saw recently the association of american medical colleges, a new report that applications from african american men have declined. >> yes. >> brown: from 1978 to recently. why? >> the numbers for black women have incruised, but i think there's the society from top down limits what black men can be. it starts at the top and filters into the community. the idea of being a doctor was

an alien concept. i had the good fortune of having an older brother who went to college and i got involved in a program that got set on that path. too many black men don't have those opportunities and there is talent being squandered. >> brown: have you thought about larger policy-type questions of what should be done, either in the medical profession or the wider society? >> sure. in the book i talk about some of those? i talk about the act, the way it's helped and the way patriots been undercut by the politics of all of it. i also talk about the ways in which doctors and patients can sort of be educated to have a better relationship. it's a huge issue in my book about the doctor and patient relationship, and when that's frayed, that makes a huge impact on patients and ultimately the way my society is set up. black people are the ones that are facing the biggest consequences. >> brown: if new book is "black man in a white coat." dr. daymon tweety, thank you so much. >> thank you.

>> ifill: before we go tonight, an update on the flash floods in utah. officials at zion national park say three are dead and four others are missing after the floods washed through that park. 12 people were killed last night in the flooding near the arizona border. and finally, >> ifill: finally tonight, our "newshour shares" of the day. something that caught our eye which might be of interest to you, too. today marks the halfway point in a year-long mission on the international space station. the goal: to figure out the long-term effects on the human body from being out of this world. they are comparing nasa astronaut scott kelly, up in the station, with his identical twin brother, retired astronaut mark kelly, back here on earth. yesterday, nasa offered a progress report. >> as far as physically, you know, i feel good. you know, we have some pretty good exercise equipment up here, but there are a lot of effects of this environment that we

can't see or feel, like bone loss, affects on our vision, affects on our genetics, our d.n.a., rna and protein, things like that, so they can look at that data and look at the data they collect with him over this year and see what kind of deviations we have on a genetic level, which, you know, could be a result of this environment, the weightlessness of the environment, the radiation that we see. and, you know, from that figure out other areas we need to investigate so we can, you know, eventually complete our journey to mars and elsewhere. >> what is your role of the twin study here on the ground and how much time does it take? >> so far my role has been to provide samples, blood, saliva, other things. i'm not going to go into. and be there for m.r.i.s and ultrasounds and even some experiments.

sometimes i'll be laying in some kind of contraption. i don't even know what they're trying to figure out. do whatever you need to do. >> we have data on a lot of people out there for six months being in space. we have a pretty good idea of what happens in that six-month period. we have no data beyond six months some maybe there becomes a bend in the curve. what i mean by that is we know people's vision gets worse over the six-month period, but maybe at nine months or ten months maybe it gets really, really bad. and imagine you're trying to send a crew to go work and live on mars for an extended period of time, but by the time they get there we find out they're going to be nearly blind from the environment. that's a big problem. so that's part of the idea of doing this research over a one-year period. eiffel i've on the "newshour" online, far city whose slogan is "keep austin weird," these artists are modeling citizens. the collective known as "austin bike zoo," they're giant animal

puppets on wheels. we have video of these colorful creations, from our pbs partners at klru, on our home page, pbs.org/newshour. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm gwen ifill, join us online, and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and good night. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ moving our economy for 160 years. bnsf, the engine that connects us. >> the ford foundation. working with visionaries on the

frontlines of social change worldwide. >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security. at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org this is "ni

report" with tyler mathisen and sue herara. >> towering higher, the dow rises triple digits as investors bought stocks ahead of the start of the federal reserve's crucial meeting. wall of worry. the big issues keeping chief executives and wall street up at night. and study hall. what one startup is doing to try and change education in america. all that and more tonight on fight "nightly business report" for tuesday, september 15th. >> good evening, everyone. i'm sharon epperson. >> and welcome from me, as well. i'm tyler mathisen. there was optimism on the street today. not many expected a rally, let alone a big one. but they got it, despite all the general uneasiness. today a day before the start of theed