captioning sponsored by wnet >> sreenivasan: on this edition for sunday, october 18th. israel imposes new security measures following a series of knife attacks. in our signature segment, american ports in a costly race to modernize and stay competitive. >> if we do not deepen this port, i would expect to see the business gradually move north of here. and all those jobs will move there as well. and, disarming iran: today the complicated task of dismantling its nuclear program begins. next on pbs newshour weekend. >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: lewis b. and louise hirschfeld cullman. bernard and irene schwartz. judy and josh weston. the cheryl and philip milstein family.

sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we are your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. from the tisch wnet studios at lincoln center in new york, hari sreenivasan. >> sreenivasan: good evening and thanks for joining us. israel is announcing new steps to curb a rash of deadly attacks on its citizens. an arab man shot and stabbed people in a bus station in the southern israeli city of beersheba. police say an israeli soldier died, and ten people were wounded. earlier in the day, the israeli cabinet proposed police be allowed to stop and frisk anyone on the street suspected of carrying a weapon.

tel aviv and three other cities said they will prohibit arab workers in their schools starting tomorrow. and israel is enforcing roadblocks in arab east jerusalem. the moves come a day after palestinians carried out five knife attacks on israelis in jerusalem and the west bank. four of those attackers were shot and killed. over the past month, eight israelis have died in palestinian stabbings, while israeli soldiers and police have shot and killed around 40 palestinians in clashes, many of whom israel identified as knife attackers. today, israeli soldiers removed 30 jewish worshippers who did not have permission to gather "" joseph's tomb," a shrine named after the biblical joseph in the palestinian-controlled city of nablus. the unrest that began four weeks ago was fueled by rumors that israel might limit access to the al aqsa mosque in jerusalem's old city. again today israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu said that is wrong, that israel is" preserving the status quo" in the old city, which has sites sacred to jews, muslims, and

christians. u.s. secretary of state john kerry said today he plans to meet separately this week with netanyahu and palestinian president mahmoud abbas to try to defuse tensions. correspondent martin seemungal is in jerusalem and joins me now by skype to discuss the latest on the situation there. what are the impacts on a day to day basis of all these roadblocks, do you feel it? yeah, you know, we've been coming to east jerusalem for quite some time and have never seen roadblocks. there is one just down the road that has never been here in the time i have been coming here. initially it was just a car with some border police manning the road blocks, stopping people. next day they dropped about three or four huge con create blocks on the road. but there are roadblocks going out of most of the areas of-- the arab areas of east jerusalem, some closer to jerusalem itself.

others a little bit more remote. some of the arab areas there, where basically we know that the israelis are saying the three of the alleged assailants actually came from that area. and that area has been-- seems to have been sealed off. and obviously this causes all kinds of tension in and around the area. jerusalem, people live in close quarters, it does have an impact on day to day lives. >> sreenivasan: can you feel th? is it palpable? this is a region that is used to theas sorts of stresses. >> yeah, but this is some what different, hari. because what you've got are these knife attacks. they come randomly. you know, you talk to jewish israelis on the street and they say, you know, we could be standing at a bus stop waiting to catch the bus and there could be an attack right there. it comes without warning. as a result of that, people are

really quite nervous about it. and that is something we vbt seen since its second enat the fada, there could be those tenges in 2 thousand 2-bgs 001 with the bus bombs going off, and the suicide bombs that were associated with that second intefada. this round of violence, of strife if you want to call it, is basically driven by random knife attacks. lone wolves. and not only does that cause a lot of tension, but just people going about their daily lives whether it's going shopping, going to the bus stop or whatever. but it makes it very difficult for the israeli police to combat it and hence they are putting in theetion roadblocks to try to do something about it. >> i also want to give our viewers a little bit of a preview of the piece that you are working on for the program tomorrow night. >> well, as you know, there was this attack last week involving two teenagers. you had a 13 year old arab

palestinian attacking a jewish boy. he was, in a lot of these cases the attackers are shot dead unstantly. he had been hit by a car, that video went out there was a great deal of anger in the arab world because it seemed that nobody was doing anything to help the boy. he's now in hospital. we have spoken to his-- some of his friends, his family. and we talked to people on the other side, on the jewish side. we have gone to that settlement to try to get a sense of what that is done this. we are trying to do a story of something that hasn't really been seen before in israel. first of all these lone attacks, and the attackers getting younger and yonger. >> sreenivasan: martinseemungalo your piece tomorrow. >> sreenivasan: 1,000 migrants crossed the border from slovenia into austria today . because of hungary's closure of its border with neighboring croatia yesterday.

but slovenia said today it will not accept an "unlimited" number of migrants. meanwhile, german chancellor angela merkel met with turkey's prime minister to try and address the crisis closer to where most refugees from syria, and africa enter europe. many come into turkey before launching on boats for greece and italy. the italian coast guard rescued 600 such migrants from the mediterranean sea this weekend. hawaii is now facing the highest rate of homelessness per capita in the united states. the state now counts 7,600 homeless people, which is 465 homeless individuals for every 100,000 residents. that's a 23% increase in the past year. hawaii's governor declared a state of emergency after clearing out one of the state's biggest homeless camps. and is now pledging to spend $1.3 million on new homeless shelters and services. learn more about secretary kerry's upcoming separate meetings with israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu and palestinian president mahmoud abbas. visit

cities are trying to keep up with the increasing size of cargo ships, and billions of dollars are at stake. even the panama canal is getting wider to better be able to allow these mega ships through. but when they get to u.s. shores, some u.s. ports just aren't deep enough to receive them. keep in mind, three quarters of everything we trade with the world comes through these ports. so should these cities make their ports deeper? or are the costs, both economic and environmental, too steep? in tonight's signature segment, the newshour's megan thompson reports from one such port in jacksonville, florida. >> reporter: it's a typical, busy morning at the port in jacksonville, florida's most populous city. vincent cameron has worked on the docks here for 25 years. >> these boxes that are coming off these ships behind you have all types of cargo in them, and they go to all different destinations. from your pier-ones, your wal- marts, your targets, to your warehouses, to your factories,

the paper mill, you name it. >> reporter: this massive port imports and exports some eight million tons of cargo a year, worth around $33 billion, generating almost $170 million in state and local taxes. the jacksonville port, called jaxport for short, is a mid-size port, ranking 37th out of the 99 biggest u.s. ports by cargo volume. but it's also one of the fastest growing u.s. ports for exporting. it ships more cars out of the u.s. than any other port in the country, and it's a major import hub for companies like disney, bacardi, maxwell house, and samsonite. the port is located just off the atlantic ocean on the st. johns river. when cargo comes in, it's delivered quickly over three interstate highways and even more freight train lines across the southeast united states. >> jacksonville is a port city. you know, we derive our fruits

from the labors that take place right here on these very docks. >> reporter: cameron, a third generation longshoreman, is one of 10,000 people employed at the port, which supports thousands of jobs at local businesses too. >> it's a big economic engine for the city of jacksonville, and it needs to survive if the city is going to continue to thrive. >> reporter: to thrive in the global economy, jaxport has spent tens of millions of dollars in the past decade to modernize and to compete with ports to the north, like savannah, georgia, and charleston, south carolina. in 2009, the port completed a high-tech terminal with 275-foot tall cranes to reach across the decks of the largest ships that dock here. it installed state-of-the art technology to provide ships entering the port better navigational information. and to speed up cargo delivery, the port is now building a facility to transfer containers directly from ships onto freight trains. and the port's jumping into the business of servicing new ships

powered by liquefied natural gas, a cleaner burning fuel than the fuel oil used by most cargo ships. but all of these innovations might not be enough for jaxport to stay competitive, according jaxport c.e.o. brian taylor, who says the port now needs to be deepened by seven feet. >> deepening the port is to allow us to compete and handle the ships of the future that are going to be carrying the cargo to the east coast ports. >> reporter: in the last two decades, the shipping industry has built bigger and bigger ships, tripling the capacity of the largest ones. today, the biggest ship is a quarter-mile long, longer than the empire state building is tall. as a result, the 101-year-old panama canal, which connects the pacific and atlantic oceans, is expanding to accommodate the new ships, doubling its capacity by deepening and widening its channels. the project could be done as early as next year. a report by the boston consulting group estimates that the panama canal expansion could

lead to 10% of west coast ship traffic shifting to the east in the next five years. ports up and down the eastern seaboard are spending billions to snag a share of that traffic. jaxport's taylor says his harbor needs to be deepened by seven feet, or else. >> we will lose the opportunity to participate in the single biggest growth segment over the next 20 years. >> reporter: taylor says his 40- foot deep channel is already too shallow. it requires some large ships to carry less than a full load to avoid scraping the bottom. and that results in less revenue for the port. >> if we do not deepen this port, i would expect to see the business that we've worked so hard to gain to gradually move north of here, and all those jobs that we've worked to gain will move there as well. >> reporter: the 13-mile dredging project, simulated in this jaxport video, has a big price tag: nearly $700 million. all of it is expected to come

from the government. last year, congress passed a $12 billion bill to improve the nation's ports. but so far, jaxport hasn't seen any federal funding. savannah and charleston have; they move more cargo and got an earlier start on their expansion projects. the state of florida has given some money, but nowhere near the amount needed. and local government hasn't come up with the funding, either. opponents of the jaxport dredging project say it just isn't worth the environmental risks, or the high cost. >> i don't think it's do or die for jacksonville. >> reporter: university of north florida professor david jaffee specializes in economic sociology and has studied the project. he says there are many other costs that haven't been included in the price tag, like further terminal upgrades and maintenance. >> i don't think it will yield the benefits that they've claimed, and i think the costs that they have estimated are grossly underestimated. so when you put all that

together, that doesn't even include the incalculable cost to the river itself. it's a project that it unnecessary and, in my view, would be a monumental waste of taxpayer dollars. >> reporter: jaffee points out that jacksonville is already behind savannah and charleston, and he thinks the projected traffic through the panama canal won't be sufficient to justify so many east coast ports expanding capacity. he predicts many of the biggest ships will unload onto smaller ships in the caribbean that will continue onto the u.s., something called" transshipment." he argues jacksonville should vie instead for that traffic. >> rather than try to engage in what i would regard as a kind of destructive form of competition, my proposal would be that jaxport and jacksonville focus on their strengths. and that is developing connections with trade and the movement of cargo in the caribbean and central and south america. that they can attract vessels

which move large numbers of containers that actually can come in currently at the depth of the river. >> reporter: but some local business leaders disagree. >> everything that you see here, we import through the port of jacksonville. >> reporter: marie-claire abercombie manages east coast distribution for bedrosians, a company that supplies tiling for floors, bathrooms, and countertops. >> if it's slate, we are importing it out of india or pakistan. if it's granite, it's imported out of brazil. if it's marble, it's coming out of china or spain or italy. >> reporter: abercrombie says business is booming, but she sometimes has problems importing heavy freight from her factory in china, because space on ships that can reach jacksonville can be tight. she says the ability to dock bigger ships would help. >> that will be great for us, because it means our product can get here quicker. larger ships means that we can bring in more products, we can,

you know, spread the cost of that transportation over more products, and again, keep the cost to the consumer lower. >> reporter: the potential environmental effects of deepening the harbor are also a point of controversy. lisa rinaman leads the local advocacy group st. john's riverkeeper. she says digging up the river floor could harm endangered species like manatees and sea turtles, and could disrupt the delicate mix of salt and fresh water in the river. >> in addition to the salt water coming in, you have erosion and sedimentation and all of these changes to this complex, delicate ecosystem causes major problems with water quality, as well as impact to our fisheries. the increase in salt water does damage to our wetlands and submerged grasses. those are the kidneys of the st. johns river, and so, when you lose those systems, all of a sudden you start having more water quality problems. >> reporter: the u.s. army corps of engineers, which would oversee the dredging project,

has a plan to mitigate possible damage to the environment. but rinaman says it's not enough. st. johns riverkeeper plans to sue the army corps to add more protections for wetlands, the shoreline and wildlife. but dredging supporters say environmental concerns shouldn't outweigh economic ones. >> yes. the environmentalists, i get it. we have to save our planet. but before we can save the animals, i think we also have to look at the people. how are we taking care of the people? we can save the fish and we can save the turtles. but if the economy goes down, and these environmentalists are not going to have a job to fight for or to save the turtles. >> you know, a lot of times people try to put the environment against the economy and we don't see it that way, because this community, this state thrives on our healthy natural resources. healthy rivers drive healthy economies, and so, there has to be that balance. >> yeah, there is no perfect product when it comes to man

intervening with the environment. >> longshoreman vincent cameron says he understands the concerns on both sides, and thinks they can be resolved. >> we're better now than we were many years ago, as far as the bright minds that are coming to the table to make this a reality. and i think that we can manage this together. >> reporter: port officials say they will continue to lobby for government funding, and are even considering dredging a shorter length of the river to make the project more affordable. in the meantime, all sides in jacksonville continue to wait. >> sreenivasan: iran's agreement with the united states and five other world powers to rollback its nuclear weapons program has officially taken effect today. in tehran, the head of iran's nuclear program said they would begin dismantling uranium- enrichment centrifuges. but iran said that step is contingent on receiving formal notification from the u.s. that long-standing economic sanctions

are being lifted. for some insight, i'm joined from washington by david albright, president of the institute for science and international security. this is an axe em-- example of all the logistics necessary to do this. >> iran has created a very large new clear program and has particularly a large you rainian enrichment program that has 18, d,000 centrifuges and it has to dismantle around 10,000 of those centrifuges and put them in monitered storage. and those centrifuges that are dismantled would be inspected by the international atomic energy agency t say large job. how quickly could iran do it, no one knows, they could bring in a bull bulldozer intoed halls that hold the centrifuges an bull doaz them into scrap. but if they want to take them out carefully one by one and store them so they could refuse-- reuse them at a later dade if they renegeed on the deal, for example, then it could

take several months. >> sreenivasan: there seems tobw fast this all could happen. >> well, i think the u.s. has an incentive to have it go on as long as possiblement they want the job done thoroughly. they want to make sure iran hasn't sort of done any sub ter fug there are a lot of things that have to be done. and so i think from the u.s. point of view slowness is good. from the iran point of view they want to go as fast as possible. they want to get this done this fall. they want to get the sanctions, the major part of the sanctions off on implementation day. and hopefully have that done before they have their next election. which could be as early as february from what i understand. >> and there's also been tensions at least on the left on who inspects what, question. iran has said certain sites will be inspected by their own people which has caused a lot of alarm bells to go off elsewhere in the world. >> one of the big issues in this

whole process is how good are the inspections going to be. iran has refused to allow the ia access to military sites except under extraordinary circumstances. one of which happened recently but the iaea was not allowed to do its normal practice of taking environmental samples. the iranian did it under supervision, there are concerns it's weaker than what is normal a. for example, what japan accepts in terms of access, intrusiveness of inspections, iran is resisting. and it's unclear how that is going to come out. but where it really doesn't matter much in japan, i mean, well, we trust japan it sure matters in iran. and how this plays out over the next several months will be very important to see whether this deal is actually never fiable in the long run. >> an none of this happens in a vacuum. there is iran's support of hezbollah, their involvement in the syrian war. i mean all of these things are

still playing on the minds of everyone else in the world watching while this specific inspections process works. >> well, that's right. in the middle east is a very tough place. but the new clear deal was designed to work in that tough environment. now where one issue that had touches upon the deal which is a little more problematic is the whole question of missiles. and iran's recent launch of a miss sil very cor rosive on this deal because in the end, if iran does renege on the deal or yowlt lasts the deal t doesn't last that long based on the time lines of the middle east, and it builds new clear weapons, those weapons will only have meaning if they are put on balance statistics missiles. and those balance statistics missiles will have to be accurate and fast. and iran is working on those now. so i think the united states has to find a way to start limiting iowan-- iran's ability to control ballstatistics missiles.

>> david albright, thanks so much. >> thank you. >> sreenivasan: the organizers of next summer's olympics in rio de janeiro, brazil, say they do not plan to test the waterways that will be home to aquatic events. for viruses that athletes fear could make them sick. the newshour's megan thompson explains. >> reporter: the controversy covers rio's dirty waterways that will be used for sailing, rowing, canoeing, triathlon, and open distance swimming. rio's guanabara bay and other water venues are polluted with trash and untreated human sewage, and independent tests commissioned by the associated press in july found high levels of viruses in these waters. doctors for the u.s. olympic team blamed water contamination for causing 13 american rowers to get sick during an august practice run on the lake where the rowing competition will be held.

viruses can cause severe stomach and respiratory illnesses that would prevent an athlete from competing. and viruses live longer than bacteria in tropical climates like rio's. but at a press conference friday, brazil's olympic organizers said the world health organization's latest guidelines back them up. that tests for viruses are not needed "because of a lack of standardized methods and difficulty interpreting results." >> so we fully respected their instructions. as far as we understand, it is the final instructions for rio 2016, we are going to keep monitoring but we are going to implement immediately their suggestions. >> reporter: rio 2016 will also save money because viral testing is more expensive and difficult than bacterial testing. as for the trash piling up on the shores of guanabara bay, rio is recruiting volunteers to help pick it up in exchange for a credit on their electricity bills. organizers hope the cleanup efforts will help achieve rio's

goal of reducing water pollution before the games begin next summer. >> sreenivasan: and finally,soms you've seen for products sold for amazon.com are nake. and the company is trying to stop that. amazon is suing more than a thousand writers paid to post gloag reviews to boost product purchases. amazon alleges some product makers pay as little as $5 for reviews that are quote false, misleading and inauthentic-- inauthentic. amazon prohints reviews paid for. and yom cellist yo-yo ma reflects on a life of making music. thanks for watching. captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org >> pbs newshour weekend is made

possible by: lewis b. and louise hirschfeld cullman. bernard and irene schwartz. judy and josh weston. the cheryl and philip milstein family. sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we are your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. explore new worlds and new ideas

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