captioning sponsored by wnet >> stewart: on this edition for sunday, november 22nd: belgium's capital on lockdown for a second day, as officials say suspects in the paris terror attacks remain at large. and, surviving the paris concert hall massacre. one woman tells her story exclusively to the newshour. >> i was visibly not far at all from one of people shooting, because there were a lot of cases around me, a lot of, like, bullet shells. >> stewart: also, in our signature segment, converting trash into heat and electricity. next on pbs newshour weekend. >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: lewis b. and louise hirschfeld cullman. bernard and irene schwartz.

judy and josh weston. the cheryl and philip milstein family. the citi foundation. supporting innovation and enabling urban progress. sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we are your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. from the tisch wnet studios at lincoln center in new york, allison stewart. >> stewart: good evening and thanks for joining us. i'm alison stewart, in for hari sreenivasan. belgium is not backing down from its highest security alert level tonight, as the government there continues to warn of possible, paris-style attacks at several locations in its capital, brussels. the belgian interior minister

says "several suspects" tied to the paris attacks could be at large in belgium. in paris, security also remains high, even as the city tries to return to normal following the attacks that killed 130 people more than a week ago. the newshour's stephen fee is in paris and has more. >> reporter: for a second day, heavily armed soldiers, and military vehicles guarded belgium's largest city. the subway, museums, and movie theaters were closed. brussels will maintain these precautions through tomorrow, and order all schools closed. belgian prime minister charles michel says mass transit and shopping centers are among the feared targets. >> ( translated ): we have information that leads us to believe that the potential targets are places which are regularly frequented. >> reporter: the security goes beyond the manhunt for saleh abdeslam, the paris suspect who entered belgium the morning after the attacks. today, one his brothers appealed for him to turn himself in.

>> ( translated ): we hope that salah will give himself up. we'd prefer to see salah in prison than in a cemetery. >> reporter: french police are asking the public to come forward with any information to identify this man-- a suicide bomber who blew himself up outside the national soccer stadium on november 13. france's defense minister says an aircraft carrier near syria will be ready tomorrow to carry out more airstrikes on islamic state, or isis, militants responsible for the paris attacks. president obama, speaking in malaysia at the end of overseas trip, says the u.s. will," destroy" isis. >> we will take back land that they are currently in. we will cut off their financing, we will hunt down their leadership. we will dismantle their networks. >> reporter: in paris, 2,500 soldiers are deployed across the city. tourist sites were empty, but

many people went to the sites where so many lost their lives. >> stewart: when terrorists attacked six locations in paris last week, the concert hall, the bataclan, saw the worst bloodshed. 89 people died there. one survivor was a 31-year old english woman who went to the bataclan with a friend. they both survived. in her first interview about the ordeal, she spoke to newshour special correspondent malcolm brabent. >> reporter: after living in paris for 13 years, yorkshire- born fashion design assistant sarah perks says she feels more french than british, especially now that she survived the terrorist attack on the bataclan concert hall. so, how are you doing? >> i am not quite sure that it has sunk in, and more than anything, i am incredibly lucky, but otherwise gladness of miraculously of being alive sort

of overcomes everything else and a little bit numb. >> reporter: what did you see? >> i assumed it was just two people shooting at one another, and that at one point one of them would get the other one, and it would all be over and done with. >> reporter: but as she cautiously glanced around and saw the carnage, sarah realized the magnitude of what was happening. >> i mean, obviously, i understood it was serious from the amount, the quantity of gun noises and also from the fact that i was visibly not far at all from one of people shooting, because there were a lot of cases around me, a lot of, like, bullet shells. >> reporter: for more than two hours, sarah lay on the ground as the terrorists committed murder again and again.

off camera, she showed us a bruise where a bullet grazed her shoulder. >> then the terrorists gave a phone number, said that they had hostages, obviously, and then said that they had explosives. so that's when i was really like, "oh god, we're not going to get out of here alive." >> reporter: how did you manage to hold it together? >> i don't know, you just do. everyone was very, very quiet, very silent. i mean, i'm not exactly going to go, "hey, i'm here, i'm still alive, come get me." >> reporter: describe what those two-and-a-quarter-hours were like? >> very long. very, very long. very frightening, obviously, very frightening, >> reporter: so were you playing dead, basically? >> most people were, yeah, the ones that got out, at least. >> reporter: eventually, french special forces moved in, killing

one terrorist. two others blew themselves up. sarah and her fellow hostages were ushered to safety. do you have survivor's guilt? >> yes, of course, i feel guilty. i feel guilty that i am not more outwardly, visibly showing trauma for the people that have lost their lives. >> reporter: sarah believes one motive of the terrorists and their controllers was to divide western society. she says her view of muslims won't change. >> i really hope that people are not going to allow it as an excuse for racism. not everyone named mohammed is a terrorist. they're my friends, they're my coworkers, people that i buy apples from on a sunday. they're people i sit with on the metro-- they give up their seat

for me. this has nothing to with islam. these people are not about religion-- they are ill, they're ill. >> stewart: the newshour's stephen fee is in paris and joins us once again. stephen, yesterday on the broadcast, you reported on the challenges faced by young french muslims. tonight, you have a story about communicating with french children about the terror attacks. >> reporter: that's right, alison, ever since king louis the 14th ruled france 300 years ago, cartooning has been a part of french culture. this week i visited the editors of a french magazine who are embracing that tradition. >> reporter: cartoonist and father of three, frederic benaglia was glued to the tv last weekend, watching coverage of the paris attacks with his 15-year old son. >> ( translated ): first, we

heard the explosions, and then we saw the news that there were attacks in the neighborhood where we hang out all the time and where we have friends. we were obviously horrified. >> reporter: benaglia draws cartoons for one of france's most popular children's magazines, astrapi, which is geared to kids 7-11 years old. >> ( translated ): the next day we thought, "what can we do to explain this to kids?" it's traumatic for them. these events are really, really tough. >> reporter: benaglia and his editor gwenaelle boulet, who happens to be his wife, decided to produce a special edition to explain the attacks. >> ( translated ): a lot of kids were afraid. afraid that the bad guys would come to their houses. that was the big question. they were wondering, "can the bad guys come and get me?" >> reporter: so boulet and bengalia did what they do best: she began to write, and he began to draw. >> ( translated ): i didn't want something too aggressive. i didn't want images of the eiffel tower broken or bloodied,

but i wanted to show the pain. i think that's the feeling we all had. we're a very diverse society. i wanted to show black people, arabs, white people, asians, all the nationalities. that was really important. >> reporter: in just 24 hours, boulet and benaglia produced a two-page, free-to-download version of their magazine. since they posted it online a week ago, the website has had nearly two million visitors. >> ( translated ): the first drawing was about compassion and sadness. the second was more about revolt or resistance, and then it ends with the word "freedom." freedom is an important word. it shows to children that you can't give up, you have to protect yourself with this word and with this concept. these are concepts that are not easy to understand for kids, and sometimes a drawing is easier to understand than words. >> reporter: child psychologist cecile vienot says illustrations like those in astrapi's special

edition can help children cope with traumatic events. >> ( translated ): you can try to represent it in a more upbeat way. you can choose colors, or try to explain the values that were under attack. there are illustrators that have tried to recreate a scene by drawing people in a cafe on a terrace to show how our values were impacted, more than showing an actual scene of a terror attack. >> reporter: boulet says they didn't want to shy away from dealing with a difficult topic. but the next issue of the magazine probably won't address the paris attacks. >> we have to be careful, because kids don't have the same timing as adults. adults need to revisit things to fully understand them. but kids also have a right, and it's the right to move on, to forget, to lead their lives as children, and to play. >> stewart: watch stephen fee's earlier report about what it means to be young, french and muslim.

join the conversation on our facebook page at facebook.com/newshour. >> stewart: the often contentious debate about national educational standards and testing kids has taken another twist, in a state considered a leader in education reform. massachusetts last week decided to reject the tests based on federal common core standards tests that are still used in many other states. instead, the state of massachusetts will develop its own exams to measure student progress." new york times" reporter kate zernike is covering this story and joins me now. globe for years. >> you have been covering this for a long time. >> right. >> what was the catalyst in massachusetts that made the board say we want to create our own test which is a a hybrid thing rather than a multistate test? >> it came from fire, from both sides. and from the middle from a lot of parents who didn't feel they had a really good argument on

why we would want a national test which might want us to compare to other states. you had federal overreach, you had teachers union who say you are trying to tie teachers evaluations. and parents saying what is the point of a national test anyway whether we have one to begin with. >> what's interesting to this also, there's a money component as with most things that the money that schools get is tied to test scores right? >> right. >> how does this change? >> massachusetts has always had accountability since the 1994 account blability act, around the idea of having common standards and common high stakes tests that kids had to past for graduation. standards weren't created by the federal government but by national governor's standards. you are going to have to sign on to these standards and these tests. this was punitive this was

overreach by the federal government people thought. >> hasn't massachusetts always done incredibly well on the testing? what's the need for the change? >> i think massachusetts did you're right under its preeives system of standards and test, it rose to the top of the national rankings but what they found is they still had children showing up that needed remedial education. the governors organization effort to write national standards. >> let's dig down a little bit. this is actually going to be a hybrid test. can you explain to our viewers what's going on with the new massachusetts test? >> there was two tests, created under the bowches race to the top. the park and the massachusetts test will be created for massachusetts, feeling it will

be tied to massachusetts standards and the m-cat test. >> what is the difference between the two? what do they cherry pick from one to the other? >> it was tied to the common core standards, the m cats were tied to the old standards. the state thought it was upgrading the standards to tie them to the common core standards. >> let's pull back outside of massachusetts. this influential state, makes this big move. what does this mean for the bigger picture for common core? >> the next step in massachusetts is going to be a ballot initiative or proposed initiative that would repeal common core. the test is tied to the comor core, a lot of other states will look to massachusetts, the good housekeeping seal of approval, if they pull back, what's wrong with that? a lot of this accountability in testing devolve back to the

state rather than the national where it's been for the last several years. >> kate zernike, thank you so much. >> stewart: hear from one high school teacher who has led a boycott against standardized testing in seattle. watch gwen ifill's report online at pbs.org/newshour. >> stewart: as paris recovers from the november 13 terrorist attacks, the city faces another security challenge in little more than a week, when delegations from all over the world arrive for the next united nations conference on climate change. the goal of the conference is to secure agreements that would reduce emissions of carbon dioxide. in tonight's "signature segment," we look at how the city of paris has reduced its carbon footprint by turning trash into electricity and heat. newshour special correspondent lisa desai has the story. >> reporter: rose burke and john

newman, an american couple that moved to france over 20 years ago, live in a three bedroom apartment on the outskirts of paris. most of their heat and electricity is powered by renewable sources, which was important to them. >> the eco-friendly aspect of the building appealed at least to me. why not try to live like the things that i care about? >> this is the first apartment he got excited about. >> reporter: excited that part of their heat and hot water comes from garbage. the process starts when they separate their recyclables from their non-recyclables. >> so this is the garbage room. this is where we throw our garbage and recycling, and it's quiet right now, but sometimes you can hear this great whooshing sound of it being carried pneumatically away to the plant. >> reporter: the tubes take the trash from john and rose's building to a plant called isseane, one of three facilities

in greater paris where garbage that can't be recycled is converted into energy, some of which the plants use to run themselves. not all of the garbage comes in through the tubes; some is brought in by trucks from surrounding neighborhoods and towns. until recently, christophe alferez oversaw the plant's operations. how much trash is brought here every year? >> ( translated ): we receive 460,000 tons of waste per year in this facility. >> reporter: the trucks empty the garbage into this pit, which holds 9,000 tons of trash. then this machine picks it up and dumps it in a giant incinerator. ok, what's happening right now? >> ( translated ): this is the combustion room. it is heated to 1,000 degrees. this is where we eliminate the trash by burning it, and we also recoup energy from the trash through the transformation of water into steam. >> reporter: the energy created by burning garbage heats up water running through a network of boilers and pipes and is

transformed into steam. some steam is converted into electricity. most of the steam is sold to cpcu, a company that converts it into heat. a byproduct of this process is ash. steam. some steam is converted into electricity. moss of the steam is sold to cpcu a company that converts it into heat. dewalks all over paris.ds ands the plant's director of technical services, pierre hirtzberger, gets a lot of questions about how safe it is to burn trash and if the emissions created during incineration, known as flue gas, are dangerous. >> we have flue gas that you have to treat, and we put a lot of money and technical equipment to make sure there is no impact on the health of the people who are living next door. >> reporter: burning waste seems to be a process that would create a lot of pollution. is that the case here? >> the emission levels are as low as we can do it.

there is a european legislation for the quality of the flue gas that is coming from this kind of facility, but in our facility we reach levels that are lower than what's the legislation ask us to do. >> reporter: isseane and the two other waste-to-energy plts produce 200,000 megawatt hours of electricity every year. that's enough electricity to power 40,000 apartments in france. the plants also produce the steam to supply 40% of paris's heating needs, which is currently enough to heat 200,000 apartments, all 24 of the city's hospitals, and dozens of famous tourist sites and museums, including the louvre. all that power generated by garbage saves 300,000 tons of fossil fuels and avoids the release of 900,000 tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere every year. that's equivalent to taking almost 200,000 cars off the road.

mark barrier is the managing director of cpcu, the company that distributes heat from the plants. he says incineration is an efficient way to turn waste into a resource. >> the waste that you are disposing in the landfill will be there in 10 years, 100 years. heavy metals and plastic and everything will be there. so using this kind of material being properly prepared in order to provide heat and to avoid greenhouse gas production, i think that's good, that's a good idea. >> reporter: cpcu is exploring new ways to capture and recycle heat that would otherwise be wasted- heat emitted by data servers, factories, trains, and even sewage. >> all this wasted heat, i mean, if you don't reuse, you just

burn fossil fuels, and then you increase the global warming. >> reporter: the french government grants subsidies for first-time home buyers. but for those who purchase energy-efficient homes, like rose burke and john newman, the subsidies are even larger. in their case, nearly 40% of their mortgage is interest-free. >> a lot of new builds are going up as energy efficient, because they know that homeowners can get a break on their loan. >> reporter: they also say their heating bills are lower. the only difference they've noticed is they can't raise the heat above 75 degrees. >> you can't really sort of crank it up and live in a sauna; it's just not designed to do that. but it stays at a sort of level temperature nearly all year round. >> i feel i'm part of the solution rather than continuing to be part of the problem. i guess we could always do a little bit better, but by buying this place i feel we're making a contribution.

>> this is pbs newshour weekend, sunday. >> stewart: iran has sentenced" washington post" reporter jason rezaian to a prison term, but has not said for how long. iran found rezaian guilty of spying and other charges last month after closed-door court hearings "the post" calls "a sham." rezaian, a joint us-iranian citizen who grew up in california, was the newspaper's tehran bureau chief for two years until his arrest and incarceration 16 months ago. in a statement today to the newshour, rezaian's brother, ali, says jason is innocent and added, "...the iranian judicial process around jason's case has been profoundly flawed from the outset. the confusion and lack of transparency, has only made this situation more difficult for jason and our family." more than 100 people are still unaccounted for after last night's landslide near a jade mine in the southeast asian nation of myanmar.

rescuers today pulled approximately 100 bodies from the rubble. the landslide occurred when a 200 foot pile of mining debris gave way and fell on areas where miners had been sleeping in tents and where villagers who live in huts dig for the valuable jade gemstones-- one of myanmar's most valuable exports. in the u.s., sub-freezing g winter storm into ice.firstst up to 16 inches of snow fell from south dakota to wisconsin yesterday, creating treacherous road conditions. 11 inches of snow fell on chicago, the city's largest november snowfall in 120 years. louisiana has elected a new governor, in a rare statewide win for a democrat. louisiana state representative john bel edwards handily defeated republican united states senator david vitter in a yesterday's runoff, with 56% of the vote. it was the first time since barack obama was elected president that a democrat has won a statewide election in louisiana. edwards will replace incumbent

governor bobby jindal, who is stepping down after two terms. instead, the state of >> the dress judy garland wore playing dorothy, the blue and white gingham dress to sell for around $1 million. one of 400 items of hollywood policemen ra bill ya to -- mem ra bill ya to sell. as the busiest travel season begins, we'll have more antiterrorism efforts in europe. i'm alison stewart, have a good nightly. captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by

media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: lewis b. and louise hirschfeld cullman. bernard and irene schwartz. judy and josh weston. the cheryl and philip milstein family. the citi foundation. supporting innovation and enabling urban progress. sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we are your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. ank you.

narrator: "truly california" is a kqed production, presented in association with... next on "truly california"... copes: oakland has always been a great city. people say, oh, oakland, oakland. we've been here. we've been doing great things. narrator: with the growth of oakland's first friday, the splendor of the rapidly changing city was on display... dan: there was, like, a couple months where it just ramped up and became crazy. narrator: ...as were its growing pains... [ indistinct shouting ] casey: having police does make it safer, but not for everybody. narrator: next, first friday. lynette: stay in the city if you want to -- just leave all your money in oakland! [ laughter ] ♪