captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. gwen ifill is away. on the newshour tonight: five people were shot in minneapolis protesting a police shooting-- this comes as a chicago officer is charged with murder for shooting a black teen 16 times last year. then, turkey shoots down a russian warplane that was on the syrian-turkey border, complicating talks between president obama and french president hollande over an isis strategy. and, how pesticides are killing bee colonies. >> we collected some of those bees and analyzed them, and found neonicotinoids on them and in them, so there is an intersection between planting these crops and killing foraging honey bees.

all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> and by bnsf railway. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: there is breaking news out of chicago tonight. the mayor and the chief of police have just released a

video of the shooting of 17 year old laquan mcdonald. he was fatally shot last year by police officer jason vandyke, who emptied all 16 rounds of his firearm. the chicago police department has ordered all police into uniform tonight. the family of the victim has urged people to stay calm. we'll have more on this story later in the program. the air war over syria saw a long-feared escalation today, as a russian warplane was shot down by the turks in disputed circumstances. while in washington, president obama pledged american solidarity to french president hollande, as the two leaders discussed efforts to unite a global coalition to fight the islamic state, ten days after the attacks in paris. this fiery streak hurtling

earthward is a russian sukhoi fighter jet, shot down by turkish warplanes. turkey said the jet entered its airspace and ignored multiple calls to leave. but russia rejected those claims, and said the jet was operating over syrian airspace amid its bombing campaign. the incident occurred near turkey's southernmost border. rebel groups on the ground said the plane crashed close to the syrian town of yamadi. russia's military said that both pilots ejected, and confirmed one was killed. the fate of the second pilot remained unclear. russian officials said he was still missing, but a commander of a rebel group in syria said they killed both pilots. >> ( translated ): the pilots were retrieved dead. our comrades opened fire into the air. we all did. they died in the air.

>> woodruff: a russian soldier aboard a helicopter was also killed during a search and rescue operation-- one russian chopper was brought down by syrian rebel fire. this video apparently shows its destruction, using an anti-tank missile supplied to some syrian rebel groups by the united states. the shootdown led to immediate, and harsh, words. russian president vladimir putin warned of "serious consequences" in denouncing the turks. >> ( translated ): today's loss is a stab in the back delivered to us by accomplices of terrorists. i cannot qualify what happened today as anything else. our pilots and our plane in no way threatened turkish republic. >> woodruff: later, russia's foreign minister sergei lavrov canceled a scheduled visit to turkey and said russian citizens should avoid travelling to the country. but in ankara, turkish president recep tayyip erdogan said his country's actions were justified.

>> ( translated ): we are feeling distressed-- for but the actions were fully in line with turkey's rules of engagement that have been declared before. turkey does not harbor enmity towards its neighbors. >> woodruff: in brussels, nato convened an emergency meeting at the request of turkey-- a nato member-state. secretary general jens stoltenberg said he supports turkey but the facts must emerge. >> this is a situation which calls on that we all are prudent and that we call contribute to de-escalating the situation. >> woodruff: at the white house, president obama spoke after meeting with french president francois hollande on efforts to ramp up the u.s.-led coalition's campaign against islamic state. he said turkey had a right to defend its airspace. >> i do think that this points to a ongoing problem with the russian operations, in the sense

a turkish border and they are going after moderate opposition that supported not only turkey but a wide range of countries. >> woodruff: obama again said russia could work with the coalition if it decides only to target the islamic state. but as it stands, mr. obama said russia had made a more limited choice: >> russia right now is a coalition of two-- iran and russia, supporting assad. >> woodruff: meanwhile, hollande said france would re-double its to fight the terrorist group, but he said those will go only so far: >> ( translated ): france will not intervene militarily on the ground. it is for the local forces to do so. >> woodruff: hollande will be in moscow thursday to meet with putin. we'll come back to look at the consequences of the shoot-down of the russian plane, after the news summary. french prosecutors announced

today the alleged mastermind of the paris attacks likely had plans for another suicide bombing in the city's business district. abdalhamid abaaoud, who died in a police raid last week, also moved actively from crime scene to crime scene in paris hours after the carnage. >> ( translated ): the geolocation of the suspected phone line of abdelhamid abaaoud shows that he was present and notably near the bataclan concert hall. this makes us think that he returned to the crime scenes after the attacks on the cafes and restaurants and while the anti-terror brigade was still working at the bataclan. >> woodruff: jawad bendaoud, the man who allegedly housed the ringleader and at least two others, was charged today in connection with the attacks. he claims he didn't know they were terrorists. meanwhile, in brussels, belgium, a terror alert extended into a fourth day. soldiers patrolled the streets and the subway remained closed. tunisia is under a state of

emergency tonight after a terrorist attack on a bus filled with presidential guards killed at least 12 people. the explosion happened along a main avenue in the capital city, tunis. there were reports it was caused by a bomber who detonated an explosive device inside the bus. ten days ago, authorities increased security levels and deployed extra forces across the capital. u.s. secretary of state john kerry visited israel and the west bank today as sporadic violence flared in the area. a palestinian drove his vehicle into a group of israeli soldiers at a checkpoint. elsewhere, palestinians hurled stones at israeli troops in ramallah, who fired back with tear gas and rubber bullets. hours later, kerry was in that city to meet with palestinian president mahmoud abbas. earlier, he met with israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu in jerusalem. >> no people, anywhere, should live with daily violence, with

attacks in the streets, with knifes or scissors or cars, and it is very clear to us that terrorism, these acts of terrorism which are taking place, deserve the condemnation that they are receiving. >> woodruff: kerry made no mention of reviving peace talks. this has been the deadliest week since the current wave of violence broke out in mid-september. liberia has recorded its first ebola death since july-- a 15-year-old boy. he died in an eastern district of the west african country on monday night. both his father and brother have also been diagnosed with ebola. health workers have identified about 160 other people who might be at risk because they came in direct contact with the boy. liberia's ebola outbreak began in march 2014 and killed more than 4,800 people.

the american civil liberties union has filed a lawsuit against the governor of indiana for suspending programs that help re-settle syrian refugees in his state. republican mike pence stopped accepting syrians in the wake of the paris attacks. the federal lawsuit was filed on behalf of the non-profit "exodus refugee immigration". in indianapolis, its executive director argued it's illegal for states to ban refugees based on their nationality. >> i really think it is completely misguided because refugees are admitted into the u.s. they are legal persons here and they have the freedom of movement just like anyone else so they can go to any state in the union that they choose. >> woodruff: at the same time, the canadian government today unveiled a plan to accept 25,000 syrian refugees by the end of february. the country's new president, justin trudeau, hasn't backed down from the pledge he made before the paris attacks, and he

promised the screening process would be vigorous. the state of kentucky has restored voting rights to thousands of non-violent felons who have already served out their sentences. outgoing democratic governor steve beshear signed the executive order today. he leaves office next month. about 180,000 former prisoners are affected. in florida, virginia and iowa felons and ex-felons still permanently lose their right to vote, without a pardon from the governor. the u.s. economy did better than expected over the summer, expanding by more than 2%. the commerce department revised its initial figures, mainly because businesses re-stocked their shelves faster than estimated. stocks on wall street today gained ground on rising crude oil prices. the dow jones industrial average added 19 points to close at 17,812. the nasdaq rose less than a point, and the s&p 500 gained 2

points. and late this afternoon at the white house, president obama awarded the nation's highest civilian award to 17 new honorees. during a ceremony in the east room the president presented the medal of freedom to this year's recipients: among them, actress and singer barbra streisand, movie director steven spielberg and nasa mathematician katherine johnson. still to come on the newshour, competing interests and a common enemy-- forming a coalition against isis; fatal shootings by police spark protests in the midwest; the double-edged sword of social media, a tool for democracy and terrorism, and much more. >> woodruff: we return now to the fight against the islamic

state group and how those efforts might be hindered by turkey's downing of a russian warplane. i'm joined by nicholas burns, a career diplomat and former u.s. ambassador to nato. he's now a professor at harvard university; and angela stent, author of the "limits of partnership" - u.s. russian relations in the 21st century. she's a senior fellow at the transatlantic academy. and we welcome you both. so just based on what we know, angela stent, who do we think was at fault here? was it the turks for allegedly violating russian airspace or -- i'm sorry, the russians for going into turkish airspace or the other way around? >> apparently the russians were only in turkish airspace for only a minute but this isn't the first time. the turks claim they gave the russians ten warnings. the russians claim that's not true. it does appear they were briefly

in turkish airspace. the question could this have been deescalated could the tirks have offered maybe to escort them out of turkish airspace. >> woodruff: nicholas burns, if they were over tushish airspace even for less than half a minute, was that something that warranted being shot down by the turkish military? >> well, the history and circumstances are important here. they did violate turkish airspace and as president obama said, every country has a right, turkey has a right to defend that airspace. but the russians have violated turkish airspace on several occasions in the last two months, russian drones have gone across the border and the turks have warned the russians publicly and privately, the russians have also been bombing turkman villages close to the border and the turks warned the russians about that. it seems to be the last straw for the turks.

some say the turks should have acted differently, as angela said, they might have escorted the planes out, but there was fair warning to russians and every country's boarder are sack rough sangt and what the russians did is clearly illegal under international law. >> woodruff: if the russians were invading turkish airspace even for a brief time, the turks thought ahead about what they were doing and what did they accomplish? >> i think the turks disagree with the russianons what they're doing in syria. the turks are taking all the refugees. the russians are supporting assad. as nick said, they have been bombing and killing turkman groups in syria that are protected by turkey. so this is something that's been brewing for some time o. a broader point, ever since the russians began the bombing campaign in syria and gave the u.s. one hour's notice to get out of the sky, there has been a

brinkmanship and the danger something like this would happen. so i'm sure the turks in some senses were just wait touring something like this to happen and felt they had to take a stand on this. >> woodruff: nicholas burns, if that's the case, if the turks thought in advance and planned to do this the next time a russian plane crossed their border, what does that say about what the turks' posture is at this point? >> well, i think president obama got the balance right today. he clearly backed the turks on the legal issue of protection of borders but also said he would spend all his time trying to deescalate this conflict. i think what that means is that the united states is going to be very active in moscow and ankara to counsel both to stand down from further altercation. what needs to happen and angela is absolutely correct about this is it's a crowded airspace in a very small country. you have american, french, sometimes arab, russian aircraft

and turkish aircraft patrolling in a small geographical area and, so, deconflicting those air operations, having channels among the militaries to let each other know when they're going to be conducting combat operations critical. the u.s. and russia have begun to do that under ash carter's leadership, the turks and russians have not. i think it's the role of the united states to promote that transparency because we don't want to see a further incident like. this very dangerous. we haven't had anything like this in nearly 60 years in the n.a.t.o. relationship with both the soviet union and russia. >> woodruff: before i ask you both about how it gets calmed down, let me just ask you the question the other way, angela stent -- why are the russians repeatedly crossing the border into turkey? do they not see that as a provocative offense? >> well, i think the russians are stating they're back in syria, you want to be a leader in this coalition and the turks

don't have the right to do this to them and they want the u.s. to come to them and they want this broad coalition and they want to be the leader, so -- i mean there is some reckless behavior here, obviously, even if they have been deconflicting with the u.s. and the israelis, too, but they're rather selective in the countries with which they have so far being willing to deconflict. >> woodruff: what does this say about the efforts? you've just mentioned them going along to try to put a coalition together to find some resolution in syria. >> well, it's tragically ironic that the two countries, that france and the united states need to join this coalition against the islamic state are turkey and russia. turkey, as you know, has bombed in the recent weeks the syrian kurdish groups that have been the most effective fighting force against the islamic state. the russians have made a great rhetorical show saying they're

against the islamic state but 95% of airstrikes are not against the islamic state but some of the syrian groups, the sunni and turkman groups opposing president assad. so the challenge here is to make the coalition bigger and stronger, to find a way to bring the russians and turks in but also, judy, to bring the europeans in. most of the europeans are missing in action. britain is not involved in the air campaign in syria and the arab states that made a big show of joining this coalition several months ago are mainly focused on yemen, not here. so i think that's the challenge for president obama and president hollande as they met at the white house this morning. >> woodruff: angela stent, do you see any prospects for putting this coalition together, getting it stronger and broader when, as nicholas just said, the russians are going after the anti-assad rebels. they're not primarily going after i.s.i.s. >> i think it's going to be very difficult. we fundamentally disagree with the russians on the fate of president assad and then we

disagree who the enemy is. we can agree it's islamic state, but as has been said, the russians have been bombing mainly groups that are not part of the islamic state. i think it's going to be extremely difficult and would take a resolution on russia's part to understand that they have to be willing to make compromises on the issue of, you know, which groups you, in fact, are targeting and, so far, we haven't seen very much willingness on their part to do that. >> woodruff: nicholas burns, do you sense, though, there are still efforts to bring the russians around? i mean, i keep reading reports that the administration continues to work on that, but we just haven't seen any sign of it yet. >> well, we need to work with the russians mainly because they need the russians at the negotiating table in vienna and secretary kerry i think clearly understands there won't be any progress on these negotiations and these are going to be tough, complex negotiations unless the russians in iran and hezbollah are there. that's another problem for the russians.

they have a mainly sunni muslim population in their own north caucus region but iran aligned themselves with the shia powers. and i think if the russians don't restrain the syrian government from firing barrel bombs in the civilian neighborhoods the united states should consider a "no fly" zone with turkey and other countries to shut down the syrian air force. that's what secretary clinton has been advocating and i think she's right that the way to save civilian lives and reduce the number of refugees is shut down the syrian air power in the area. i think we have to consider this given the events. >> reporter: a number of candidates are talking about that. the situation only got complicated today. nicholas burns, we thank you. >> thank you.

>> woodruff: stay with us. coming up on the newshour: threats to the world's most prolific pollinator. but first, we take a look at the latest wave of violence in israel and the palestinian territories, and how it connects to a new lawsuit against social media giant facebook. chief foreign affairs margaret warner reports. >> warner: last month on this jerusalem bus, three israeli jews were killed by two young palestinians wielding guns and knives. among them, 76-year-old richard lakin. the american-israeli teacher, a longtime u.s. civil rights activist and educator, brought his family to israel in 1984. his son micah avni recounts the horror of his death. >> one of the terrorists stood he shot my father in the head, my father fell to the ground. the other terrorist took out a knife and started stabbing him. he stabbed him in the head, in the face, slit his stomach wide

open cutting most of his vital organs to pieces. >> warner: richard lakin was among more than 70 targets of a new wave of attacks this fall on jewish individuals by palestinians. since october 1, the israeli foreign ministry says, at least 21 israelis have been killed, and more than 184 wounded. what's different: the vast majority of the attacks were by stabbing. also notable: the assailants seem to be getting younger-- as young as 12 or 13. since the uptick in violence began, at least 86 palestinians have been killed as well, shot during or after carrying out an attack, or in clashes with israeli forces. after lakin was stabbed, his son struggled to understand. >> i asked myself, what would bring two 20-22 year olds to board a bus and do something so brutal as to shoot three 70-year-olds and then to take a knife and start to cut them up?

>> warner: then, online, he discovered hundreds of facebook, twitter and youtube postings, encouraging palestinians to stab israeli jews, and instructing them how to do it. >> here's an instructional video showing how to most effectively slice someone open with a knife in a way that my father was sliced open. they have a terrorist encouraging people to go out and stab jews then showing how best to prepare a knife and sharpen it. >> warner: avni believes such postings spurred the attacks on his father and others. he's now the lead plaintiff in a new york class action lawsuit against facebook. it was filed by the tel-aviv based israel law center, which takes legal action on behalf of terror victims and against what it calls "israel's enemies." 20,000 israelis have joined the suit.

first, it asks the court to order facebook to "stop allowing palestinian terrorists to incite violent attacks against israeli citizens." it also charges facebook's computers use algorithms to connect terrorists to users who've expressed interest in violent acts against jews. >> it's not facebook and youtube and twitter that is inspiring youth to take up knives against civilians. the root cause of this is the on going occupation and the violence, the military violence that's meted out against palestinian bodies every day. >> warner: noura erakat is assistant professor at george mason university outside washington. are you saying these videos are insignificant? >> i think they are insignificant relative to what palestinians are producing. >> warner: and she adds, there are plenty of hateful postings from the israeli side too. >> facebook was also the site of a page of in the summer of 2014, the page was that israel demands revenge.

within, in less than a day, there were 37,000 likes on that page. mica avon says that's no justification: the lawsuit, however, wants the court to order facebook to remove content on its own. noura erakat fears more vigorous policing by facebook will be unfairly applied. >> what we can be assured is that facebook will take a much more stringent approach to palestinian speech in ways which will not apply to israeli speech so we will see the chilling speech amongst palestinians. >> warner: that prospect concerns first amendment lawyer and national security expert jonathan turley of george

washington university. >> unfortunately this is part of a trend that we have been watching occur in europe largely, particularly france and england where free speech is being eroded. it's being eroded with the criminalization of speech that may be insulting or viewed as threatening to a group or individual. at the same time, we have seen civil litigation like this case where people are going to the courts to try to get injunctions. it's an effort to use the court to punish or chill speech. >> warner: turley is just as critical of efforts to shut down faceboook's algorithms connecting violence-minded palestinians with one another. >> it's not just free speech that people want to limit. once you limit free speech they seek to limit free association. there's no question that, that companies like facebook allow for dangerous associations to be made. the question is, are we comfortable with having the government or a court sit there and choose what are beneficial associations and what are not? >> warner: most radical groups use social media, for recruitment and propaganda, so

says j.m. berger, author of a book on isis, and scholar at the brookings institution. >> well, what we're seeing is there's a growing trend toward them using it. >> warner: in the u.s., general incitement has rarely been prosecuted. but lately some people are being charged, he says. >> well, the question of incitement to violence is, is a pretty complicated one. so we had a recent case, an arrest, an isis supporter who had posted names and addresses of u.s. military personnel with an injunction to go kill those people. and that person was charged with incitement to violence which we, we had not seen previously as a, as a counterterrorism charge. >> warner: global social media companies must walk a balancing act between protected speech and illegal content. >> companies have to tailor their response to each country's rules and regulations.

turkey and russia have been the source of, of a very large number of takedown requests which is when a government asks a social media company to remove content based on claims that the content is terrorist. but their definitions of terrorism are not necessarily the same as ours. >> warner: turley says the paris attacks prove europe's attempts to crack down on violent content have been ineffective. >> if you look at germany, which has the longest experience on this and prohibiting even symbols like the swastika or people who deny the holocaust. it hasn't made a bit of difference. the neo-nazi movement has continued to grow. by forcing these groups underground you lose track, not only of them, but their views and how they're changing. much of our actual intelligence comes from being on these sites. >> warner: so your view is, on the internet just let a thousand poisonous flowers bloom, whatever the effect? >> no. you know these companies have the right to pull material.

there's a big difference between asking a government entity like a court to censor or strip speech. >> warner: in the u.s., policing of sites generally falls to the companies themselves says brookings' berger: >> these companies suspend thousands of users every day for a variety of reasons. you know for instance, these companies are very aggressive about child pornography. >> warner: one thing that can prompt them to act, he says, is negative publicity. >> the companies are extremely sensitive to bad press, so when we see crackdowns, and we've accounts supporting isis, those stories will eventually have an effect even on companies that claim to have a very high minded mandate about free speech. >> warner: facebook's response is expected in the new york state supreme court in january. for micah avni and his lawyers, even if their lawsuit fails, a publicity-driven change in facebook policing policies would be a victory. i'm margaret warner, for the pbs newshour.

>> woodruff: now, back to the news out of chicago. within the last hour the mayor and chief of police released the dash-cam video of a police officer's killing of a 17-year-old last year. we need as a city to get to a point where young men in our community and in parts of our city see an officer and don't just see an officer with a uniform and a badge but they see him as a partner in helping them reach their full potential, and they see in that officer a mentor, a little league coach, a leader in their church and in their community, which they are. but we also have to get to a place in the city where officers who patrol communities in our city see a young man not as a potential problem and a risk, but they also are seeing that

young man as an individual who is worthy of their protection and their potential. >> woodruff: this has been one incident in a number of shootings recently. shootings of african american men by police officers. protests in minneapolis continued today over the shooting death of jamar clark there, nine days ago. today two people were arrested after five people were shot last night in protests there. jeffrey brown has more on both of these stories. >> brown: chicago police officer jason van dyke is being held without bail after he was charged tuesday morning with the first degree murder of laquan mcdonald. the 17-year-old, black teenager was shot sixteen times, in october 2014, after van dyke, who is white, confronted the teen for allegedly puncturing a police cruiser's tire. cook county state's attorney anita alvarez discussed the charge this afternoon. >> it is my determination that

this defendant's actions, of shooting laquan mcdonald when he did not pose an immediate threat of great bodily harm or death, and his subsequent actions of shooting laquan mcdonald while he lay on the ground after previously being struck by gunfire, were not justified, and they were not a proper use of deadly force by this police officer. >> brown: yesterday, chicago mayor rahm emanuel condemned the shooting. >> this officer did not uphold the law. in fact took the law into this own hands. didn't build the trust we want to see and wasn't about providing the safety and security, so at every point he violated what we entrust him. >> brown: after today's indictment, van dyke's attorney responded forcefully. >> this is a case that can't be tried in the streets, it can't be tried in the media, and it can't be tried on facebook. with respect to certain comments that have been made by politicians, politicians who

have not seen the video, where i believe my client's conduct has been described as "hideous," i would state that those comments are irresponsible, and they're certainly unfair and prejudicial to my client. thankfully, politicians will not be deciding the fate of my client in this case. >> brown: the city is under a court order to release, by tomorrow, a video recorded by van dyke's police cruiser dashboard camera that captured the entire, deadly encounter. mayor emanuel, who has resisted publicizing the video for months, met with pastors and other community leaders monday to prepare them for what could be an intense reaction to its release. late this afternoon after word came out the video would be released i spoke to rev. jedidiah brown at a young leaders alliance and asked him what he expected to happen. >> we can't predict the reaction because even listening to the

reading of it is painful. i can't imagine the pain that will be felt when they see the video. there is a lot of anger but the video is a vehicle that is unearthing a lot of the discontent that citizens on the south and west side of chicago have had from police brutality, the lack of representation, the lack of investment. >> brown: meanwhile, in minneapolis, late last night, five protestors outside a police precinct were shot by three unidentified attackers. >> we want justice! >> brown: the protesters had been demonstrating outside the precinct since the fatal shooting of a young black man by a police officer more than a week ago. some witnesses claimed 24-year-old jamar clark was either hand-cuffed or restrained at the time of the shooting. but the police union representing the officers involved, denied that allegation and said clark had gained control of an officer's gun. today police have arrested two male suspects-- one white, one hispanic-- in monday night's shooting, and the brother of jamar clark has called for an

end to the demonstration in light of the shootings. but members of the "black lives matter" movement who have been credited with keeping the minneapolis demonstrations peaceful, say they will continue to protest. >> we will not bow to fear or intimidation. black lives matter exists to fight against this type of violent white supremacy, dangerous anti-black rhetoric, and criminalization of black people. because of that, we are re-committing our occupation of the 4th precinct until we get justice. >> brown: police say there were no life-threatening injuries among the five people shot monday night, however one victim underwent surgery for a gun shot wound to the stomach. joining us now for more perspective on both of these cases is georgetown university law center professor paul butler. he is also a former federal prosecutor. welcome. clearly, things move quickly after the order to release the video, right? did that surprise you? >> it did in the sense that this shooting happened a year ago. if the evidence is that compelling to sustain murder

charges, you have to wonder why it took the prosecutor so long to bring the charges and why until today officer van dyke was a working chicago police officer. >> brown: so what does that tell you? what role did the video play, then? >> you know, it doesn't denigrate the prosecutor to say that, in this case, politics played a role as in every high-profile decision by a prosecutor. this is an area which the politics over the last year has changed. so this is a prosecutor who is involved in a tough reelection battle, and in this day and age, in some cities with big minority populations like chicago, it's advantageous to a prosecutor to say that she goes after cops when they cross the line. >> brown: a first-degree murder charge is extremely unusual, i understand, in the case of chicago with the police force. what does that say to you about the case that the prosecutors think they have? >> you know, jeffery, a chicago police officer hasn't been

charged with murder in 50 years, at least. so, again, the prosecutor seems to think she's got compelling evidence. it's hard to get jurors to convict officers even when they think they've made a mistake. jurors are usually forgiving because think think they're just trying to do their job. normally what happens in any criminal prosecution is that the defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge. so maybe the prosecutor is trying to throw the book at this defendant in order to get him to plead guilty. usually in these cases when officers are charged, and that's rare even when killed in the line of duty, but when they are charged we see nelson or manslaughter. >> brown: so a lesser charge? i wouldn't want to take this case to trial. what's sensational is the video, the number of shots, 16. we believe that's not all that probative. if an officer reasonably believes his life is in danger,

he's entitled to use deadly force, that is to do whatever it takes to kill the assailant. i think what's more probative is the fact that none of the other six officers on the scene fired at all and officer van dyke fired within 15 to 30 seconds of arriving at the scene. >> brown: back to what you were talking about earlier, the larger context in chicago, minneapolis, and other cities, but especially in chicago the historic mistrust between the african-american community and officials. >> you know, jeffrey, i am from chicago and the police were notorious for not treating african-americans fairly. the city paid over $500 million in the last ten years to settle police brutality cases. hopefully this is the moment that, regardless of what happens in the criminal prosecution, the city will use this as an opportunity to assess. clearly, the victim in this case

was having some kind of mental health crisis, so the police need to be better trained on how to address those situations. this also clearly makes the case for dash cams and body cams for police officers. >> brown: you heard probably in our setup piece my talk with reverend jedidiah brown talking about tissues of what he hoped might come out of it even if no one quite knows what happens next. in the press conference, we also heard the mayor, rahm emanuel, calling for a testing moment for all chicago. >> the reason these issues are getting a lot of attention is because of extraordinary activism that's come under the rubric of the black lives matter social movement. so they're strategic. and they insif there is a violent response to this video that that's not going to be in the best interest of this important social movement.

so we haven't really seen a lot of violence, especially when these protests have been organized by black lives matters. i think the citizens of chicago will respond responsibly especially because in this case the prosecutor is being proactive. >> brown: and very briefly, from a legal standpoint, you see a progression in these cases in how quickly they have been brought and the stronger cases being brought? >> yeah, again, it's important not to underestimate the impact of the activism. it's changing the politics so now police officers are in some ways being treated by other suspects when they're being investigated for crimes. if there is evidence they're guilty, they're new being prosecuted. not all of the time or most of the time but some of the time and from the perspective of activists that's progress. >> brown: paul butler from the georgetown law center, thank you very much. >> great to be here.

>> woodruff: in this week, we now take a look at the vital role bees play in getting some of your favorite dishes to the table, and the way commercial beekeepers in the u.s. are struggling to keep their bees healthy. allison aubrey of national public radio has our report. the story is part of the newshour's ongoing collaboration with npr. >> reporter: it's harvest time at adee honey farms in bruce, south dakota. bret adee's the third generation to manage the 80,000 hives the adees have scattered across five midwestern states. he says beekeeping these days is much harder than it's ever been. >> in 2010 our bees were just destroyed, we lost, oh, in a matter of a couple of weeks most of our bees died.

says things haven't markedly improved. >> i should have twice as many it's going to be rough making it through this winter. >> reporter: the adees are not alone. according to a preliminary survey from the u.s. department of agriculture, commercial beekeepers lost 42% of their colonies last year. bees are a critical part of agriculture. adee trucks his bees out to pollinate california's almond groves every year. and it's not just almonds, bees pollinate everything from apples to blueberries and squash. to figure out what's plaguing the bees, the obama administration assembled a task force last year. scientists at the e.p.a., u.s.d.a. and researchers across the country who have been studying the problem are finding there are multiple issues: bees have fewer wild flowers to forage on due to a loss of habitat; there's also viruses that pests pass on to the bees,

climate control is thought to play a role too. another issue: pesticides. some studies have suggested a class of pesticides known as neonicotinoids or neonics for short, are harming the bees. these pesticides are coated onto the seed of about 80% of the corn that's grown in the u.s. and about half the soybeans too. to get a sense of that scale imagine a cornfield like this taking up the entire state of california, that's how much of this pre-coated seed is being planted. >> this is what corn seeds look like after they've been treated. >> reporter: the pesticide is put onto the corn before it's ever planted? >> that's right. >> reporter: christian krupke is an entomologist at purdue university; he studies bees. his research shows that neonicotinoids can harm bees. what is a neonicotinoid? >> a neonicotinoid is as the name would suggest it's based on nicotine. they're less toxic to mammals, which is a big feature in their wide adoption. but they are more toxic to honey bees and to other insects.

>> reporter: neonics, as they're commonly called, are a relatively new class of pesticide-- they've been around since the early 1990's. they are easier for farmers to use than spraying crops, and according to penn state university researchers, since 2003 their use has increased 11 fold. companies that sell them are making billions. >> in most fields that we've worked, we just haven't been able to find the levels of pests that would justify the level of use. >> reporter: krupke published a study that linked bee deaths with the dust that flies up during the planting of the pre- treated corn seeds. >> we collected some of those bees and analyzed them and found neonicotinoids on them and in them, so there is an intersection between planting these crops and killing foraging

honey bees. >> reporter: bayer cropscience is one of the leading manufacturers of neonicotinoids. bayer's chief scientist, david fischer, acknowledges the link but he says bayer has a work around-- a seed lubricant that reduces the dust during planting. he says that outside these acute exposures neonicotinoids are not harmful to bees. >> we've done studies and those studies basically show if we spray the product, it's not safe for the bees. if you apply the product to the soil or as a seed treatment, the level of residues that gets up into the plant is in a safe range. >> reporter: christian krupke is not convinced. >> we find these pesticides in the water. bees drink water, plants use water. we find that wild flowers that grow in and near these areas also have some of the pesticides in them. you add that up over the course

of a season and, yes, we do find concerning levels. >> reporter: krupke says those levels may not kill the bees, but may leave them more vulnerable. bayer's chief scientist says the major threat to bees is a mite that punctures the honey bees body and feeds on its' blood. it's known as the varroa mite. and a recent report issued by president obama's task force also points to the mite as one issue. >> 80% of the problem is varroa mites and the viruses and the diseases those viruses cause. >> reporter: but some beekeepers suspect the increased use of the newer pesticides is making their bees more vulnerable to the mite. >> for 15 years we managed that varroa mite and kept our losses under five to eight percent. now we're seeing losses of 50% or more. >> reporter: pesticide manufacturers like bayer and syngenta have launched campaigns of their own to bolster bee health. both companies are planting millions of flowers in the u.s. to increase bee forage.

and in 2014, bayer crop science opened this $2 million bee care center in north carolina where it conducts workshops and tours environmentalists say these initiatives are a diversion from the real problem, the pesticides these companies manufacture, something fischer rejects. >> bayer has been in the business of providing products to beekeepers for more than twenty years. it's not something we just started doing. >> reporter: beekeepers in europe came out in force a few years ago in support of the european union's partial ban on the use of some neonics and here in the u.s. the environmental protection agency says it will speed up a safety review and likely not allow any new uses of the pesticide. environmental groups are locked in several court battles with the e.p.a. over the registration of the pesticides. manufacturers maintain neonics are vital for increasing crop production and safer than

spraying. >> they're extremely valuable. they increase crop yields often by 20% versus the other competitors. so they contribute billions of dollars to the economy in the united states. >> that would be true if these products, these neonicotinoids were indispensable to these crops to agriculture, but they're not. some of our own work in corn and the work of others in the united states has shown that it's very difficult to consistently show a yield benefit. >> reporter: lucas criswell farms' close to 2,000 acres of corn, soy, wheat and rye in pennsylvania's susquehanna valley. he has stopped using pesticide treated seed because he found it was not only killing the bad pests, but the pests he need to ward off the slugs that were eating his soybean crops. >> the soil in our fields are a huge ecology of different critters and insects.

and they're all there, we need good and bad. it takes a balance of them all and that's what we've seen. >> reporter: criswell now keeps pests at bay in his fields by planting crops that encourage beneficial insects. the treated seed costs more and this method ends up being cheaper for him. is it too soon to say whether you're getting the same yields? >> is there corn growing on that hill? >> reporter: looks like a lot of corn. earlier this year, president obama's task force called for a reevaluation of the pesticides and consistent with the president's requirements the epa has expedited it's review. i'm allison aubrey of national public radio for the pbs newshour in bruce, south dakota. >> woodruff: tonight, on most of these pbs stations, american experience presents "the

pilgrims:" the documentary explores the religious motivations of america's earliest settlers. in this excerpt we learn about the first thanksgiving, a harvest made possible by the generosity of the native tisquantum tribe who joined the celebration. >> reporter: they stayed for three days-- they went out and got five deer to add to what the english were cooking. they played games together. there's like four little facts of what happened-- and then the rest of it is fluff, that's been added over the centuries. >> reporter: two and a half centuries later, at another american moment of great trial and suffering, the humble event, all but disregarded by the pilgrims themselves, would be re-cast as one of the most important and defining moments in american history. >> we love the story of

thanksgiving because it's about alliance and abundance, and envisioning a future where native americans and colonial americans can come together and celebrate the providence of a single god. but part of the reason that they were grateful was that they had been in such misery; that they had lost so many people-- on both sides. so, in some way, that day of thanksgiving is also coming out of mourning; it's also coming out of grief. and this abundance that is a relief from that loss. but we don't think about the loss-- we think about the abundance. >> woodruff: you can learn more about the pilgrims and the first thanksgiving tonight on american experience, and on our website

www.pbs.org/newshour. and tomorrow on the newshour we bring you a special conversation gwen recently had with aretha franklin, the queen of soul. ♪ respect ♪ find out what it means to me >> i'm not ever going to retire. that wouldn't be good just to go somewhere and sit down and do nothing. please. no. >> woodruff: the full interview tomorrow on the "newshour". on the newshour online-- millions of americans will travel by air this week to spend thanksgiving with loved ones, but those flights come with a consequence: air pollution. a new study published in the journal "nature climate change" outlines fourteen ways passenger jets can cut carbon emissions, at little cost. we have the list on our home page.

and imagine a ham on your thanksgiving table, in place of the traditional turkey. it's a scenario that's got economists talking, as turkey prices rise and pork prices fall. read what's behind the shift, on our "making sense" page. all that and more is at www.pbs.org/newshour. tonight on charlie rose: former acting c.i.a. director mike morrell on why the government's new travel warning needs to be taken seriously. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us on-line, and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and good night. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by:

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ moving our economy for 160 years. bnsf, the engine that connects us. >> the ford foundation. working with visionaries on the frontlines of social change worldwide. >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security. at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> this program was made

possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

this is "nightly business report" with tyler mathisen and sue herara. >> rising tensions. oil prices rise, bond yields inch lower after turkey shot down a russian fighter plane keeping investors on edge. >> border business. the companies and states trying to cash in on the growing trade between mexico and the u.s. >> best fit for you, the right questions to ask when selecting a brokerage firm so you don't get hit with hidden costs. all of that and more tonight on "nightly business report" for tuesday, november 24th. good evening, everyone. welcome. tensions are running high across the globe tonight. early today, turkish jets shot down a russian warplane near the syrian border. that put moscow in direct conflict with a nato member.