captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight: democrats square off in a contentious debate, as republican candidates jockey for survival just days before the new hampshire primary. then, a report from the epicenter of the zika outbreak in brazil, where scientists are racing against time. and, from a new restaurant owner to a resilient mother in a muddy camp, the many lives of the syrian refugees now living in lebanon. >> a mountain can't move me. i have children that i have to raise. i need to look after them. >> woodruff: and, it's friday. mark shields and david brooks are here, to analyze the week's news. all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour.

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political director lisa desjardins, who is in manchester, reports that when the two remaining democrats took center stage together, they heated up a cold new england night. >> reporter: four days before the balloting, the democratic race is now about defining, and definitions. >> well, let me start by saying that senator sanders and i share some very big progressive goals. >> reporter: "progressive"-- that was hillary clinton's key word from minute one, even as bernie sanders tried to tie her to a different word: "moderate." >> it is what she said, and all that i said was, there's nothing wrong with being a moderate. but, you can't be a moderate and you can't be a progressive. >> reporter: sanders attacked, and clinton countered: >> but if we're going to get into labels, i don't think it was particularly progressive to vote against the brady bill five times. ( applause ) i don't think it was progressive to vote to give gun makers and sellers immunity. >> reporter: minutes later, another sharp exchange, over sanders' repeated mention of the speaking fees clinton previously collected from banks. >> there is this attack that he

is putting forth, which really comes down to-- you know, anybody who ever took donations or speaking fees from any interest group has to be bought. and i just absolutely reject that, senator. so i think it's time to end the very artful smear that you and your campaign have been carrying out... >> ( inaudible ). ( applause ) >> in recent weeks, and let's talk... ( booing ) ... let's talk about the issues. >> let's talk-- let's talk about issues, all right? let's talk about why, in the 1990s, wall street got de-regulated. did it have anything to do with the fact that wall street provided-- spent billions of dollars on lobbying and campaign contributions? well, some people might think, yeah, that had some influence. ( laughter ) >> reporter: sanders hammered home a chief campaign issue for him: that wall street is hoarding wealth and politicians have left it uncontrolled. >> it is not one street.

wall street is an entity of unbelievable economic and political power. that's a fact. >> reporter: sanders also launched his top charge against clinton: >> not only did i vote against that war, i helped lead the opposition... >> reporter: raising her 2002 vote that authorized the iraq war... >> look, we did differ. a vote in 2002 is not a plan to defeat isis. we have to look at the threats that we face right now... ( applause ) >> reporter: ...but that led to a longer back-and-forth, where clinton sharply questioned some of sanders' foreign policy grasp. >> ...such as inviting iranian troops into syria to try to resolve the conflict there; putting them right at the doorstep of israel. asking saudi arabia and iran to work together, when they can't stand each other and are engaged in a proxy battle right at this moment. >> i fully, fully concede that secretary clinton, who was

secretary of state for four years, has more experience-- that is not arguable-- in foreign affairs. but experience is not the only point, judgment is. >> reporter: as new hampshire democrats watched this clash unfold last night... some republicans saw another former first lady's return to the spotlight. barbara bush was out touting son jeb's make-or-break push, in derry, new hampshire. >> he's not a bragger, we don't allow that. >> reporter: voters still came out to see john kasich in hollis for his 99th town hall. his campaign-- like that of jeb bush-- hinges on a solid showing in next tuesday's primary. the snow didn't get in the way of several women senators, either. they joined new hampshire's governor in manchester today, in a bid to give clinton-- their former colleague-- a post-debate boost. four days to go and it is already a blitz-- even with the

snow, candidates held some 20 events today, like the marco rubio event happening here at this middle school. one note about this event. the rubio campaign was happy to tell me they originally scheduled this for the cafeteria of this school but they had more people show up than expected and moved it to the gym. judy. >> woodruff: that's prizing they would want to share that information with you, lisa. >> imagine! >> woodruff: so you have been to several candidate events today. what are the voters saying to you? >> reporter: we talked to new hampshire voters who go to these events. to be honest, i feel a lot are still soft. most seem to be honing in on their own private list of two or three candidates and what surprised me was the combination of candidates. i talked to two different voters today looking at one democrat and one president. for example a man i talked to, former firefighter thinking about bernie sanders and marco rubio. that's a combination that might surprise people, but he said

what he's looking for is integrity. that's a word i heard throughout. also here at this event, those looking at rubio, the republicans, it does seem like they're considering rubio against trump or rubio against cruz, but the key there, judy, is that these are voters who say they weren't paying that much attention to marco rubio, say, a month ago. now they're here and want to see him in person. >> woodruff: so are you picking up a sense that rubio has benefited from coming in third in iowa, a close third to donald trump? >> i think absolutely he's benefited. now, i don't think he's locked in those votes yet, but i think he has people considering him who were not before. i also think marco rubio is benefiting from doubts about the other candidates about the fight between donald trump and ted cruz. donald trump saying ted cruz doesn't get along with anyone. i've heard that from people here today at this rubio event. operated, ted cruz saying that donald trump is a hothead who can't be trusted say with the

nuclear arsenal. i've heard that as well. rubio seems to be benefiting from the fight between the top two. how that will end, i don't know. rubio has to prove himself on his own. donald trump wasn't in the state today as we said because of the weather, and he is trying to reangle his campaign, judy, trying to do more retail politics than we've seen before. so far his campaign hasn't proven they know quite how to do that but they're trying. if they can pull that off, it might help him here. >> woodruff: is it thought not being in the state today will matter for donald trump? by the way, both democrats, hillary clinton and bernie sanders, are going to be leaving the state for part of the weekend. >> reporter: right, the tightest race we have, the democratic race, if you look nationally, both candidates are taking time from the campaign trail. bernie sanders is going to be on "saturday night live" with larry david, and then hillary clinton is going to flint, michigan. those are two very different events but shows both these

candidates are looking past new hampshire, maybe for different reasons -- hillary clinton knowing she's behind, wanting to talk to, perhaps, flint, michigan, a group that could appeal, to say, south carolina, where there are a lot of african-american and lower-income voters. bernie sanders trying to appeal more broadly nationally where he and clinton are the closest. as for donald trump, i think voters notice when a candidate is not here and i think the trump campaign is aware of that. we'll watch and see if he starts schedule more events. certainly the trump campaign wants to win but they're used to large speeches and they're retooling for the retail politics of new hampshire. >> we know voters in new hampshire and iowa expect to see their candidates and see them often. so we will see. lisa desjardins in new hampshire for the weekend through the duration, thank you! >> my pleasure, thank you. >> woodruff: in the day's other

news, the government's latest jobs report showed hiring slowed substantially in january, from the month before. the labor department said u.s. employers added 151,000 jobs. at the same time, the unemployment rate dropped to 4.9% last month, its lowest level in eight years. and wages-- average hourly earnings-- rose significantly. president obama hailed the news this afternoon at the white house. >> we should be proud of the progress we've made. we have recovered from the worst economic crisis since the 1930s, the worst in my lifetime and the lifetime of most of the people in this room, and we've done it faster, stronger, better, more durably than just about any other advanced economy. >> woodruff: the mixed jobs data sent stocks plunging on wall street today. the dow jones industrial average dropped nearly 212 points to close just under 16,205. the nasdaq fell more than 146 points, and the s&p 500 lost 35.

for the week, the dow was down more than a percent. the nasdaq fell 5%, and the s&p 500 lost 3%. a 6.4 magnitude earthquake has rocked southern taiwan. it was centered about 27 miles southeast of tainan and struck about six miles underground. local media reported multiple buildings had collapsed in the city that is home to nearly two million people. there was no immediate word on casualties. >> woodruff: in syria, pro-government forces aided by russian airstrikes tightened their grip around aleppo. they captured the town of ratyan, less than 15 miles away. a rebel commander said the northern aleppo countryside has now been "totally encircled." meanwhile, turkey estimates 15,000 syrians have arrived at their border, but it's unclear how many will be let in.

relief groups have set up tents on the syrian side for temporary shelter. the united nations' children's agency, unicef, reports that's at least 200 million girls and women around the world have been subjected to genital mutilation. that is 70,000 more cases than in 2014. it attributed the rise to both population growth and increased reporting. female genital mutilation occurs in at least 30 countries. but half the victims live in egypt, ethiopia and indonesia. twitter is cracking down on accounts that promote terrorist activity. the company said today it's already suspended more than 125,000 accounts, mostly linked to the islamic state. it's also increasing the staffing of teams that review accounts flagged for extremism so they can catch suspicious users faster. a united nations' human rights panel ruled today that wikileaks

founder julian assange should be allowed to walk free. the group said he's been "arbitrarily detained" by the british and swedish governments, who have long sought to extradite assange to sweden to face rape charges he's denied. assange emerged onto the balcony of ecuador's embassy in london, where he's taken refuge since 2012, to celebrate the panel's findings. >> how sweet it is. this is a victory that cannot be denied. it's a victory of historic importance, not just for me, for my family, for my children, but for the independence of the u.n. system. >> woodruff: british foreign secretary philip hammond repudiated the u.n. ruling, which is not legally binding. >> julian assange is a fugitive from justice. he is hiding from justice in the

ecuadorian embassy. he can come out on the pavement anytime he chooses, he is not being detained by us, but he will have to face justice in sweden if he chooses to do so. and it is right he should not be able to escape justice. this is frankly a ridiculous finding by the working group and we reject it. >> woodruff: london police have said that they will arrest assange if he tries to leave the ecuadorian embassy. it's unclear whether the u.s. is also seeking his arrest related to wikileaks' release of hundreds of thousands of secret u.s. documents. and there will be no big dance appearance for the louisville cardinals this year. the university of louisville announced a self-imposed post-season ban for its men's basketball team today. it comes as the n.c.a.a. is investigating claims that escorts were paid to dance and have sex with recruits and players.

the university's president said a separate internal investigation revealed, "violations had occurred." and former "apollo 14" astronaut edgar mitchell has died. mitchell was a part of the 1971 lunar mission, becoming the sixth of only 12 people to ever walk on the surface of the moon. he died last evening in florida following a short illness. edgar mitchell was 85 years old. still to come on the newshour: brazil's race against time to combat the zika virus; syrian refugees struggle to call lebanon home; mark shields and david brooks on this week in politics; psychology of sports ahead of sunday's super bowl; plus, the causes and consequence of distrust in government.

>> woodruff: u.s. health officials put out new guidance today about the zika virus. for the first time, they recommended that men who have traveled to an area with zika should use condoms if they have sex with a pregnant woman-- for the entire duration of the pregnancy. the c.d.c. also says those men may want to consider abstaining from sex with women who are trying to get pregnant. while the disease is overwhelmingly spread by mosquitoes, questions about three possible cases of sexual transmission led to the new guidelines. in brazil, zika has been found in the saliva and urine of two people. and more than one million people there are said to be infected with zika. our science correspondent, miles o'brien, is covering the story, and joins me now from recife, brazil... where carnival celebrations are beginning. so, miles, this is a country that's hardest hit in a big

annual holiday. >> yes, judy. here we are in the middle of this public health crisis and this celebration, this national holiday begins on this night, carnival. what's interesting about carnival is at the very core the philosophy the forget your troubles and party like there is no tomorrow. that's how the brazilians view it and why in most cases the party has gone on. i talked to a lot of public health officials and doctors and scientists who have been involved in this hurt for some action and way to control the zika outbreak, and many of them impress misgivings about it, frankly, but the show is going on. >> woodruff: now, miles, we know the centers for disease control said today the cooperation with brazil is getting better -- that's the c.d. here in the u.s. -- but they also have expressed some frustration about not getting enough data from down this. that do you know about that? >> we heard a lot about this

when we spoke to some of the scientists on the front lines here, some of the epidemiologists and the virallologists who are working on this scientific riddle. this is a virus that has presented a whole new problem for them and it's a virus like so many things these days that instantly become a global problem. the problem is there is legislation, there is law in this land which makes it all but impossible for them to share samples with their colleagues in atlanta or glasgow or friends in europe. the head of the c.d. tom frieden said this is improving but it's a reminder that when you're in a situation like this with a fast-moving virus, it's time to bring all kinds of borders and privileges and scientific prerogatives down and try to fight the problem. >> woodruff: and, miles, for the medical profession, i know you're talking to physicians there, researchers.

you were saying this has to be very frustrating for them, that they don't feel, you said, that they have the tools in the toolbox that they need. >> i spoke to a gynecologist today who's dealt with several mothers who have had to contend with this, and she's so frustrated. she said, i feel like i'm in the stone age. i can see this coming, i stay problem developing, and i have no tools in my toolbox to help these women. it's an unfortunate case. they've got this virus that came out of the blue, and they really don't have a way of coping with it right now. >> woodruff: and, miles, in terms of the science of it and dealing with the mosquitoes who are carrying this virus around, what about that front? are they able to -- i mean, are they able to project any kind of precautions that can be taken? where are they on that front? >> well, obviously, they're telling pregnant well to be very careful and to guard against being bitten by mosquitoes.

it's worth mentioning that those are the people -- it's the pregnant women and their babies in utero that are of concern. when an adult gets bitten by a mosquito with zika, four out of five people don't know they've had it. part of it is public education, part is spraying which has limited efficacy. they have 2,000 troops in the area knocking on doors looking for standing water, but they're way outnumbered by the mosquitoes. we were in a lab the other day where they're genetically engineering male mosquitoes to mate with females creating progeny that will die quickly. that kind of clever approach is part of putting tools in the toolbox to try to control how mosquitoes are carrying zika. >> woodruff: meantime, finally, miles, warnings going out to women and to men about the dangers of this virus. >> you know, judy, it's really a

heartbreaking scenario how this cropped up. it's dangerous and it caught public health officials by surprise. today, i was with a mother with a 2-month-old son who is drastically affected by this. micro en-- micro incephally. the danger cannot be understated for pregnant women. that set against this can varl offers up quite a contrast this year. >> woodruff: well, it's heartbreaking and frightening. miles. >> ifill: know we look forward to the reporting you're doing and will be having that in the days to come. miles o'brien, we thank you. >> you're welcome, judy. >> woodruff: as we reported

earlier, a new wave of refugees is being forced from syria as the war rages in the north. but west of syria, lebanon is now hosting more than one million syrians. many live in desperate conditions, others are looking toward europe, some still dream of home. but amid the crisis, there is some good fortune. special correspondent jane ferguson reports from beirut. >> reporter: running a bakery is not something abdul halim is used to. until only a few months ago, he was destitute... just another refugee from syria, escaping deadly violence threatening his family. his marriage broke down in syria and his wife left him with their two children. he fled the war to neighboring lebanon and found himself penniless, struggling to survive on the streets of beirut as a single father. >> ( translated ): i tried to go to companies for work but they wouldn't give me a job because i

had my kids with me. i walked the streets and realized there were schools and a lot of students, so i thought the best thing i could do was to sell pens. i went and bought a box of pens. and i left my son alone at home. and i took my daughter who was this small and i would carry her. what could i do? there was nowhere i could put her. >> reporter: what happened next was extraordinary. someone saw abdul halim selling his pens in the hot summer sunshine, his daughter reem in his arms, and posted this picture on twitter. it went viral and soon there was a campaign to raise money for him, using the hashtag "buy pens." its organizers hoped to raise $5,000. in the end, they got $215,000. now, with that money, he bought a bakery, sandwich shop and small restaurant, and employs 20 men- all syrian refugees supporting their families.

>> ( translated ): my children's lives changed. we were living in a room that was uninhabitable. but now we live in a house with four rooms. i have furnished it nicely. my son goes to school. my daughter is looked after and is learning. and i have three shops and i'm working. my life has changed totally. >> reporter: abdul halim is extremely lucky. most syrians struggle to pay for the rising cost of living here on tiny wages. until recently, ahmed kaju worked in the bakery. but $10 a day didn't pay the rent. he now feels he must make a desperate choice. >> ( translated ): i want to go to germany because they say the living is good and that they want to help the syrians. so i'll go just like everybody else, to turkey and from turkey to greece. >> reporter: in a boat?

>> ( translated ): yes, in a boat to greece, and from there we will continue with everybody else. >> reporter: with your family? >> ( translated ): with my family, my son and my daughter. >> reporter: but it's very dangerous. >> ( translated ): but i'm dying here. i might as well die there. it's the same in the end. let me die trying. >> reporter: we went across town, to the impoverished neighborhoud of burj al barajna, where we met another syrian refugee family hoping to make it to europe soon. jinan jamal's husband survived the dangerous boat journey from turkey four months ago. she stayed behind with their three young boys. now in germany, her husband is trying to get asylum for jinan and the children. six months pregnant and living on debt, she is desperate to join her husband. >> ( translated ): honestly i have no more strength.

i'm tired. sometimes i put my kids to bed and when they sleep i look at them and i cry. i don't care about myself. i care about my kids and how they are living. there is nobody to help me. my parents are dead. there is nowhere i can go. ( cries ) my soul purpose is to join my husband. >> reporter: but life is even tougher for refugees living outside beirut. providing crucial services to many of them is the charity mercy corps. they took us to the bekaa valley, where thousands of syrians scratch out a living in the countryside along lebanon's border with syria. people who cross over from syria here to try to escape the fighting, who end up living in tents, that's because they don't

have any money? >> yes, they don't have money to rent apartments. >> reporter: bitter snowstorms make winter the worst time of year to be a refugee. without aid agencies like yourselves, what would happen to those people? >> what would happen? without aid agencies, i think that those people would be not able to live in the tented settlements. >> reporter: this is how most syrian refugees survive- in overcrowded camps. some of the families here have lived in these canvas huts for years, in the shadow of a mountain range that separates them from their home country. many refugees live in camps just like this- makeshift tents thrown up on farmland. the conditions are extremely squalid. in the summer here it's hot and dusty, and in the winter it's absolutely waterlogged. amina hamadi shares this room with her sister and four children. a farmer from syria, she

wouldn't dream of going to europe, she tells me. she hopes to return one day to her old life. >> ( translated ): there, everybody owned land. we owned land. we lived off the land. we planted vegetables and we lived from it. >> reporter: her husband died three years ago, and now the family relies on handouts from the u.n. it's bitterly cold in her tent, despite the small stove, but is resilient. >> ( translated ): a mountain can't move me. i have children that i have to raise. i need to look after them. >> reporter: her six-year-old son ahmed shows us a drawing. in it his family are smiling, next to a house. he says it is their home in syria. millions of syrian children like ahmed have only ever known war, and a hard life as refugees.

there is no car to school? >> reporter: the children are saying that they don't get to go to school because they cannot afford to get transport to the nearest school. the schools here are free, but they can't get there. syrians around the world each tell different stories of suffering, resilience, and sometimes hope. as the war drags on into it's fifth year, they will likely have to continue their lives in exile. jane ferguson, pbs newshour, beirut, lebanon. >> woodruff: and now, more on the race for the white house. as we heard, the democrats squared off on the debate stage last night in new hampshire. it was one of the most

contentious meetings in the election cycle so far. one of the sticking points: how the candidates would get things done. >> i am not going to make promises i can't keep. i am not going to talk about big ideas like single-payer and then not level with people about how much it will cost. >> now all of the ideas that i'm talking about, they are not radical ideas. doing-- making public colleges and universities tuition-free, that exists in countries all over the world, used to exist in the united states. >> woodruff: that brings us to the analysis of shields and brooks. that's syndicated columnist mark shields and "new york times" columnist david brooks. welcome, gentlemen. so this is the first time, mark, we've seen just the two of them on the debate stage. what did you make of it? >> i thought they played their roles exceedingly well. i mean, you had the battle-tested, experienced, pragmatist concerned with

results against this fresh new face, 74 years old, the outside crusader with a noble cause, and i thought each of them kind of made their respective case well. obviously, want to give a shout out quite honestly to chuck todd and rachel maddow who i thought did a great job moderating. no artificial times imposed. hillary clinton comes across better in person if you read the transcript. what is missing, there's great factual command but nothing inspirational or aspirational about her canned si at this point and i think that's missing. bernie is a lot of inspiration, and he's excited. democrats are a glandular party, they love to fall in love and an awful lot have fallen in love with bernie. >> woodruff: glandular party? i'm not going to explore that metaphor. (laughter) you know, he does have passion

and he has policies, he's the most predictable candidate imaginable. he talks ability wall street, then his policies. free college education, a terrible idea, good way to subbed diedz the affluent, but still a policy. the health thing is a policy, the attack on wall street is a policy. clinton has policies, she has white papers written somewhere in the campaign, but her main thing when she's talking, it's a process, i can get things done in a certain way, it's more gradualist. who's marching to the flag of gradualism? so rhetorically, there is a disadvantage there that he's got substance and she's got a process. fink you're just a random voter, that's not just campaign style. you look at her record and the secretary of state has a lot of process, but what vision did she bring to the job?

this is a knock on the secretary. how would she be as president? >> woodruff: he said her wall street connections, that she's not enough of a progressive. how did she stand up to that? >> i don't think she has an answer, judy, quite honestly. i mean, she showed her independence. she challenged him to show a vote where she changed her policy, where she changed because of her contributions, but it's a mystery to people close to the hillary clinton campaign who was separated in 2000 from the clinton foundation, from all the outside fundraising when she became united states senator, went to the secretary of state's job and through 2013, she was insulated and isolated from some of the mishaps or happenings going on at the foundation or allegation. she comes out, instead of remaining pristine, she plunged into that, knowing full well it was going to be raised, and it

remains a mystery. i don't think she does have an answer, i really don't, and i think she's tapped into something that's very deep in the democrati democratic party. the democrats are generally overwhelmingly dissated pointed in barack obama and eric holder that nobody for the millions of people who lost their homes in the mortgage crisis and banks that nobody has ever been held accountable. >> woodruff: how do you think she deals with the wall street issue? >> early on, extremely poorly, that's the money they offered me so i took it. that was not good. scares better in the debate. so she has to have some answer. they're going to ask her to release the transcripts of the remarks. i strongly suspect she will never do that because she probably said nice things about the audiences that were paying her so much money. i don't think it influenced her votes, so i think she's right about that, but it doesn't look good. the weird thing about the democratic party is wall street has become the center of evil in the country. i didn't like what happened in 2008. i think the fees these head funds charge are crazy,

especially given their performance, but the problems of the middle class are caused by technological change and globalization. they're not primarily caused by wall street, and creating this boogie man, as sanders does, as wall street, that is the wrong problem, and he's creating a false narrative, which just is an economic reality of why we have wage stagnation and inequality and the rest. >> woodruff: what about him going after her? we've heard different iterations of this that she's truly not progressive enough, that she's part of the -- >> yeah, i don't think a lot of democrats spend a lot of time arguing about whether you're progressive or unprogressive, whatever. she has a record. to some degree, she's almost like the incumbent, judy. for 25 years, she's been going to new hampshire. her identification with children's and family issues is deep and strong, but i really do think this is -- david makes the

case on technological change and so forth, but i think the reaction to the mortgage crisis was this is a terrible thing, we must find the people who did it and give them billions of dollars. i mean, that was basically the response. i think there is just a simmering anger that remains presently in the electorate. he knows exactly what he believes. he said the said thing for so long. he's never going to be tripped up. he's totally consistent. >> and she negotiation after him, as we've heard, david, for just having these pie in the sky ideas that he can never carry out. >> well, i think she's right about that. i think they're unaffordable. i think "the washington post had a good editorial on how unaffordable these things are. unless he can sweep the house of representatives and et 60 votes in the senate, he has no implementation strategy. does she have one? that's a good question. you could argue maybe. i'm not sure she have has a better implementation strategy either. it's not as if the clintons are

nonorallizing, they are polarizing figures, but she certainly has a better shot at implementation strategy than bernie sanders or ted cruz. i mean, it's tough to hear any of these candidates give you a plausible story about how they can possibly get it pazed in this climate. >> ted cruz gets a big lift coming out of iowa but said new hampshire is not great political territory for him. >> no, one-third of new hampshire voters are self-identified e.g.icle than iowa. religion does not play a central role. i think he's been on the defensive ever since iowa because of the dirty tricks or whatever you call them toward ben carson and somebody who part of his basic speech says we must raise up the body of christ in his rallying cry. i mean, this raises a little

hypocrisy or inconsistency. i will be fascinated to see if ben carson in saturday night's debate uses his time to reprimand and censor ted cruz in his tactics. ted cruz said they're not going to spend more time and effort and resources in new hampshire. >> woodruff: so ted cruz, then we look at donald trump who david was leading in iowa and came in at a distant four or five points behind. the air came out of some of that balloon. where does he go? >> he can't afford to stay in new hampshire, there, apparently can't afford the hotels there and has to stay home in new york. (laughter) me's magnify -- he's magnifying his weaknesses. some of the things he said and tweeted, saying i actually would have won iowa but cruz cheated. that's unnerving. that's not the way you react to a defeat. if anybody had doubts to his

stability with the nuclear trigger, this magnifies it. with cruz, he has an iron wall around him. he has extremely conservative voters locked down but it's hard to reach out to anybody else. there is an iron wall separating him from moderate voters and other kinds of republicans. if you look at the post-iowa polls in new hampshire, you see cruz -- i mean, trump dipping a little, rubio rising a lot so he looks like the alternative and cruz getting no bounce because of that wall around him. >> woodruff: and i want to ask you about rubio in a minute, but, mark, do i hear both of you saying it's hard for trump to find some kind of footing in new hampshire? >> well, i mean, he's enjoyed a large lead in all the public opinion polls until now. someone who pred cates i'm a winner and the people on the other side are losers and doesn't win, that's what he was selling, there was something special about him, and i don't know, i think the debate saturday night, not to put

everything into that, but it's going to be a test of him and policies. i mean, for example, in an interview with anderson cooper, he said the united states gave iran $150 billion. i mean, now, the united states didn't give iran. it was iran's money, their assets that have been frozen. his real holes on policy matters, i think, are a real problem for him, and, you know, i don't know, if rubio were to finish first in new hampshire, i think it basically propels him in a remarkable fashion. >> what is this magic, david, that rubio seems to have caught? by the way, we have these other three well-known establishment candidates -- john kasich, chris christie, jeb bush -- who finished way back in iowa but still trying hard to show up in

new hampshire. >> they're trying hard but the iowa result gave him distance. if they don't tie or beat him, i don't see any continued justification for their continued campaigns. that's not how they're talking but it's reality. rubio has gotten a nice bump. he's a good communicator and the important thing is he's acceptable to all parts of the party. we forget, he ran as a tea party candidate. >> woodruff: right. but now he's seen as mr. moderate. i think he's in the 77 percentile of conservatism in the republican congress co, more conservative than the average congressional republican but means he's pretty conservative, he's acceptable to all sides, has a nice disposition. we'll see what mark says in the debate how he handles it. >> woodruff: what about these

four? >> he's an incredibly disciplined candidate. he's on message, he's running on biography and he's broadly acceptable to all the elements in his own party. and he also is implicit electability, and - -- and the others, this is it. jon huntsman made this fight in 2012. one of them breaks through and almost closes, i don't think any of them expects to be second at this point, and i think it's going to be tough to go on, especially if rubio gets the bounce. >> woodruff: i remember one of the people at this table maybe both of you speaking rubio some time ago. a few nights and both of you will be with us on tuesday night. david brooks, mark shields. >> thank you. glment

>> woodruff: next, this is super bowl weekend. the heavily-favored carolina panthers will face off with the denver broncos on sunday, for football's biggest prize. hari sreenivasan has our story. >> sreenivasan: a tv audience of nearly 190 million is expected to tune in to see carolina panthers quarterback cam newton go head-to-head with sentimental favorite payton manning, leading the denver broncos. both teams spent this week in preparations. the game caps a season of big rivalries, bigger set-backs and some surprise come-backs. in a new book, "this is your brain on sports," "sports illustrated's" executive editor jon wertheim, along with co-author sam sommers of tufts university, explore the psychology and behavior of sports teams and their fans. and for a closer look, jon wertheim joins me now. so, "this is your brain on sports." why the book? >> there is so much that goes on in sports it sometimes irrational or counterintuitive. we dismiss it that these are the

rules in sports and we want to know what are the underpinnings, everything from the crazy t-shirt cannon we go crazy about to the fact teams elevate and what is the psychology. >> sreenivasan: it likely might be one of peyton manning's last days. sometimes when two teams get together at the super bowl it's a much bigger deal for entire cities and fans. why is that? >> rivalries is one of the intentional elements of sports and the research says there really is a difference in performance a run of the mill versus rivalry game. physiologically, testosterone and saliva levels are different and scores tend to be closer. you put kids alone to take the s.a.t. and then in a room when there are other kids and they score better when there are other kids. we bid on ebay. when we bid just us, our bidding

parterns change bother bids. it changes performance, rivalry. >> sreenivasan: one of the precious people don't think about with the super bowl is the pressure on the coaches on the sidelines, and you kind of point out that the denver coach is a relatively new one. the one before that denver coach was a pretty darn good one, too. >> in the n.f.l., especially, you have a monstrous turnover. three years is the average tenure for a coach. we're only playing 16 games. not a lot of data points. ron rivera, top quartile for longevity. we say, why is there a turnover of coaches? we think it's action bias, that your owners and teams, 8 and 8, fans are saying make a change, or 9 and 7. the owners say, we have to make it look like we care. again, this is human behavior. we do it all the time. it's why we're too quick to buy

and sell stocks, why physicians offer too many ests the. the moral to have the story is stand there, don't just do something. but what we see is owners are very quick on the trigger and denver has a first year coach in gary kubiak. >> sreenivasan: you said great players don't necessarily make good coaches. >> right. and it's funny. ron rivera and gary kubiak were both n.f.l. players but not pro bowl players, serviceable players. you look at the best players in sports, michael jordan, wain gretzky, not great coach or assessors of talent. we call curse of expertise. you get so good at a task you skip steps and it becomes hard to articulate what's going on. so mile mile was a brilliant basketball player but he skipped steps to get there, and when it came time to inl instruct, not a

good idea for a coach. in sports, we see guys who played, they didn't pull the guys offt( the street, but they weren't at the top echelon, actually better able to articulate what's going on. >> sreenivasan: jimmy conners and andy, he couldn't tell him how to improve his game. >> conners, it was fight hard or hit the ball. roddick's next coach went down a level. he saw the game completely differently. again, he was not afflicted by this curse of expertise. >> sreenivasan: there is another thing in the book, are quarterbacks better looking on average? why is that? >> the quarterbacks, whether tom brady or cam newton at the highest level or the high school quarterback who dates the cheerleader, we have this idea

the quarterbacks are the best looking guys. we devised an experiment where we actually tested that in sort of a blind taste test assessed the looks of different players by positions and the quarterbacks actually ranked towards the bottom. so why do we think the quarterback is good looking? a lot of factors, some is conflating other qualities, he's the leader, most important position in sports. it's the halo effect. there are qualities we like in someone and we conflate other sorts of qualities. we like peyton manning and he becomes good looking. >> sreenivasan: jon wertheim, "this is your brain on sports," thanks so much. >> thanks, hari. >> woodruff: finally tonight we pause for a pbs newshour essay. jeff greenfield is a seasoned political journalist and author, and he shares his belief about the end of trust by americans in

this country's institutions. greenfield has titled his essay "in nothing we trust." >> reporter: it's not exactly breaking news that we're entering this political high season in the winter of our discontent. the polls and the political rhetoric speak to a mood of anger, distrust, even outright betrayal. but take a look beyond the political realm, and you'll find something that runs longer than the current campaign, and deeper than politics. the unhappy fact is that americans' trust in just about all our institutions has been in a long, almost unbroken decline. our trust in government? a pew research poll last november found that only 19% of us trusted the government to do what was right, all or most of the time. that's close to an historic low. but the real story here is how long that distrust has been festering. go back to 1964, when the u.s.

was in the midst of a long period of economic growth; when the cold war was easing; when a major civil rights bill had just been passed. back then, 77% trusted the government to do the right thing all or most of the time. a decade later, after a divisive war, racial and generational unrest, a president driven from office in scandal, the number had dropped to 36%. and in the four decades since, it has never hit 50%, not even in the surge of patriotism after 9/11. that's four decades worth of alienation from the government" of, by and for people." well, okay, but that's the government. we are a nation born in revolt, with a permanent skepticism about our leaders. but now look at our feelings about the other major institutions; and the picture painted by a series of gallup surveys going back decades, finds a disturbingly similar pattern.

our churches? two-thirds of us had a lot of trust in our religious institutions back in 1973; now, 42% do. banks: trust has gone from 60% back in 1979 to 28% now. our public schools? more than half were trusting at the end of the 70's; barely three in ten are today. organized labor? big business? the medical system? the presidency? all get low grades... and before you ask, 21% profess a lot of faith in tv news-- less than half the percentage that did little more than 20 years ago. other than the military, the police, and small business, no institution commands the trust of a majority of us, and even those are less trusted than they once were. the question is: why? one obvious reason: there's good reason for this mistrust. how confident should we be in banks after the financial meltdown? in our public schools, given the woeful marks our students get

compared with other nations... in our religious leaders, given the criminal sexual behavior of those who've spoken in god's name. but we're also living in a less innocent time. the press was strictly controlled in world war ii; the failures, strategic and moral, in places like iraq were on full display. the private lives of politicians, once carefully concealed, are now matters of public speculation. movies that celebrated heroes of the church or finance now tell very different stories of greed and sin. and the media messengers who show us the feet of clay on those that stand on the pedestals are increasingly seen as carriers of a partisan agenda, or guilty of their own failures. but deserved or not, the lengthy disaffection that so many feel about so many important parts of our national life, clearly puts a heavy burden on anyone asking

for the trust of the citizenry. it may, indeed, reward those who seek power, not by offering to ease that disaffection, but to feed it. and it's worth asking: how does a nation thrive when, year after year, our motto is: in nothing we trust. >> woodruff: find more of our essays online, at www.pbs.org/newshour. also on the newshour online right now, there's a museum being built underwater off the canary islands. soon, divers will be able to visit the ghostly sculptures, which offer a stark reminder of europe's refugee crisis and, the artist hopes, inspires viewers to protect our oceans. all that and more is on our web site, www.pbs.org/newshour. and a reminder about some upcoming programs from our pbs colleagues. gwen ifill is preparing for "washington week," which airs later this evening. here's a preview: >> ifill: insults, polls, voters, candidates.

the presidential race turns full soap opera. we'll provide your best iowa roundup, plus new hampshire preview, with reports on the ground and in the studio. that's later tonight, on washington week. judy? >> woodruff: on pbs newshour weekend saturday, beyond iowa and new hampshire: how states' complex delegate rules may determine who wins the primary. that's tomorrow night on pbs newshour weekend. and we'll be back, right here, on monday, with the latest on the race for the white house. plus, mark your calendar: on thursday night, gwen and i will moderate a democratic presidential debate between hillary clinton and bernie sanders, from the university of wisconsin- milwaukee. that's thursday at 9 pm eastern. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. have a great weekend. thank you and good night. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by:

>> lincoln financial-- committed to helping you take charge of your life and become you're own chief life officer. >> and the william and flora hewlett foundation, helping people build immeasurably better lives. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

this is "nightly business report" with tyler mathisen and sue herera. head scratcher. the unemployment rate drops. and workers got a raise. so why did stocks fall so sharply? where the jobs are. why some in-demand, high-paying positions are out of this world. and heavy lifting. meet the man who's cutting down on workplace injuries with his bright idea and growing business. all that and more tonight on "nightly business report" for friday, february 5th. >> i'm sharon epperson in for sue herera. >> the unemployment rate falls below 5% but we begin with the seep sell-off in stocks. tech getting hit especially hard. let's get you to those numbers. y