captioning sponsored by wnet >> sreenivasan: on this edition for saturday, march 19: the captured paris attacks suspect is formally charged with" participation in terrorist murder"; following this week's deal between the e.u. and turkey, what's next for refugees still in greece; and in south africa, the government tries to regulate traditional healers. next on pbs newshour weekend. >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: lewis b. and louise hirschfeld cullman. bernard and irene schwartz. judy and josh weston. the cheryl and philip milstein family. the citi foundation. supporting innovation and enabling urban progress. the john and helen glessner family trust.

supporting trustworthy journalism that informs and inspires. sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we are your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. from the tisch wnet studios at lincoln center in new york, hari sreenivasan. >> good evening. thanks for joining us. one of the key suspects in last november's paris terrorist attacks and the first to be captured alive is in custody in belgium. this following a dramatic police raid and shootout yesterday in the brussels neighborhood of molenbeek. salah abdeslam was released from the hospital this morning where he was being treated for a leg wound. according to the paris prosecutor, abdeslam has told

belgian investigators that he had intended to blow himself up during the attacks but changed his mind. the prosecutor said the suspect's initial statements should be treated with caution. the 26-year-old, a french citizen, and another suspect seized in the same raid were formally charged today with" terrorist murders" for their involvement in the paris attacks. france is seeking his immediate extradition from belgium to stand trial. abdeslam's lawyer says his client is cooperating with belgian police but will fight extradition. investigators say they hope questioning him will yield more information about the islamic state militant network and its role in the november attacks. the belgian government is keeping the country's terror alert level at a three out of four. >> ( translated ): we realize that yesterday we might have won an important battle for democracy, for freedom, respect, tolerance, values and also probably for justice, but we realize that we have not won the war. we know very well that there is still a lot of work to do.

>> stewart: 130 people were killed in the paris attacks and dozens were injured. joining me now for more on the ongoing investigation via skype from paris is associated press correspondent lori hinnant. >> lori, let's talk about where they found the suspect. what evidence brought investigators to molenbeek? >> well, the first clue really that came on tuesday, when police carry out what they thought was going to be a routine search of an apartment and instead opened the door to gunfire. and as one man fired on them, two others fled, possibly three, and it is believed one of them may have been an an, they no, an slam, they are not entirely sure but they know they came upon something entirely unsuspected. that led them to the fightout in molenbeek, the same neighborhood of brussels where abdeslam was raised, during the four month investigation can you tell us a little bit about the coordination between the belgian and french authorities? >> well, the two states have

been coordinating very closely, and there were actually french police on the team that raided the apartment on tuesday. >> do we know any details about abdeslam's role in the original attacks? >> his role has been something of a mystery. what he do know is just announced today by the paris prosecutor who said that abdeslam has told investigators that he was supposed to blow himself up at france's national stadium along with three other suicide attackers but he had second thoughts. we know that he was key in all of the logistics and drove thousands of miles across europe over the summer and early fall to put the team into plates that carried tout attack. >> what can you tell us of the second person that was taken into custody? >> we know almost nothing about the second person taken into custody, other than he likes how abdeslam was charged with terrorism related offenses today. >> are there any indications where the investigation will go from here? >> well, right now, the french

and the belgian authorities are sorting out an extradition request, france would very much like to have him in paris to answer questions about the attack that killed 130 people and still have left the city very, very tense. belgian authorities and french alike both want to know who salah's network is and more the logistics of how he was kept hidden in molenbeek for so long and how else may have been involved in the attacks, either the planning or possibly even carrying them out, who else might remain at large, because they say that they are quite certain that others involved in the attack or with knowledge of its planning are still at large. >> lori hinnant from the associated press, thanks so much. >> thank you. >> stewart: a plane carrying 62 people crashed and burst into flames in southern russia early this morning, killing all 55 passengers and seven crew members on board. most of those who died were russians. proaching the russian city of rostov-on-don from dubai when it

nose-dived about 800 feet short of the runway. this closed-circuit video shows the moment the plane crashed as it made its second landing attempt. officials are still trying to determine what caused the crash, but one official said a likely factor was near-hurricane-force gusts of wind. officials said both of the plane's flight recorders were recovered undamaged. there was yet another deadly bombing today in turkey. a suicide bomber attacked istanbul's main pedestrian shopping street, killing himself and at least four other people and injuring dozens of others. the blast occurred outside of a local government office surrounded by coffee shops, restaurants and tourists. no claim of responsibility yet for today's attack. this is the fourth suicide bombing in turkey this year. a bombing a week ago in the capital of ankara left 37 people dead, including the two bombers. a kurdish militant group claimed responsibility for that attack. under an agreement between the european union and turkey that goes into effect tomorrow, most refugees arriving in greece from

turkey are expected to be sent back. in exchange, europe will accept some syrian refugees from turkey and provide billions of dollars to help pay for it all. greek officials say the logistics of the new agreement will take time to implement, involving thousands of translators and other experts. earlier this month, macedonia closed its border, leaving roughly 46,000 migrants and refugees stranded in greece. joining me now from greece to discuss the migrant conditions is associated press reporter derek gatopoulos. >> stewart: derek, starting tomorrow, migrants arriving illegally in greece will be sent back to turkey. how is this going to be implemented and what are some of the complications? >> well, the main cause of the complication is that they haven't decided on a mechanism to send them back yet and they just finished 0 some between the prime ministers and the ministers involved in the crisis and they still haven't come up with a way to send the migrants

back. what greece has proposed they use privately charted boats that would be escorted, but apparently all sides still have to agree on the method. >> stewart: as for migrants and refugees that are tale in greece right now, are conditions tense on the ground with this news? are they aware of what is happening? >> most people are aware. emotions, to be fair, are mixed some people are very disappointed that they won't be able to travel to europe immediately. and that they will be stuck here for more than a year perhaps. on the other hand, there is also relief that they won't be sent back. so the people already in greece will not be deported, having said that there was the demonstration just finished in athence and several, athens people were protesting the eu dealing. >> stewart: that is interesting, i was asking about greece citizens. is this seen as a positive or negative given greece own financial issues? >> well, it is not something

that has happened overnight, so people have gotten used to the fact there is a refugee crisis and seeing people from syria in the streets in most cities in greece, so it is hot a new phenomenon. on the other hand, for sure it is a strain on the economy, so again, it is a mixed picture, there is a lot of good will toward refugees but also fear that the country's recovery will be even slower than expected. >> stewart: as the eu is clamping down on migrants and refugees coming into europe, you have people who are somewhat stuck in the middle, can't get to family members who may have made it to germany, where is this happening and how are conditions for those people? >> well, people are straggling all around the routely tell you, to be fair, because the route closed about one month ago and closed completely a couple of weeks ago, but most of those people are stranded in greece, about 50,000, nearly 50,000 of them and even if they do get a

relocation place they may not get sent to where their families are because they don't get to choose, you could have a brother in germany and then be relocated in france let's say. >> stewart: we should talk about the fact there are geo politics involved in this in terms of turkey's desire to be part of the eu. >> turkey's point of view, they are one of the biggest countries to accept refugees in the world, so they have more than the 2 million, and of course some from their point of view they have already a very unfair burden of the refugee crisis. so they want something in return for taking the refugees back under this agreement. and what they wanted was for most of all free travel for their citizens into the eu without visas and which likely they will get in the next three or four months and also want accelerated process to join the eu, which they didn't get what they hoped for, but they got something. >> stewart: derek gatopoulos reporting from greece, thanks so

much. >> thank you. >> stewart: dozens of people protesting a campaign appearance by republican presidential frontrunner donald trump blocked a main highway in suburban phoenix today, backing up traffic for miles. the protesters parked cars and waved banners on the highway leading to the site of a trump rally. in new york city, thousands of anti-trump protesters turned out in central park and at trump tower, where the candidate lives. police made a number of arrests. arizona has primaries for both parties on tuesday. in other contests that day, utah holds caucuses for both parties while idaho has democratic caucuses. and a new crew has just arrived at the international space station. the soyez space capsule carrying a nasa astronaut and two russian cosmonauts docked today at the station, where they will spend the next six months. the three men are replacing a crew that included astronaut scott kelly, who returned to earth on march 1 after a year at the orbiting laboratory. it is expected that astronaut jeff williams will break kelly's american record for most cumulative days spent in space

with 534 days over four missions. for more on these stories and other news of the day, follow us on our facebook page at www.facebook.com/newshour. over the past several years, the world health organization has been working to develop policies for traditional medicine as part of its effort to keep populations across the globe healthy. it's a move that recognizes that millions around the world still use this form of medicine as their primary source of healthcare. in africa, an estimated 80% of the population visit traditional healers to solve all kinds of ailments. the w.h.o. effort aims to obtain more scientific evidence about the safety and quality of the practice. as special correspondent martin seemungal reports, south africa is trying to regulate traditional healers. >> reporter: a voice from an ancestor is speaking through a sangoma, a traditional faith

healer, in south africa. it is a widely held belief, especially in the rural areas of this country, that sangomas communicate with the dead to help the living. zandile nkosi is a 41-year-old sangoma who says she's had the gift since she was ten-years-old but started practicing only seven years ago. she says her ancestors' voices guide her sessions with patients who see her for physical ailments and counseling. a sangoma's main tool is" throwing the bones"-- animal bones, shells and sometimes other articles. the healers and their patients believe how the bones land is influenced by ancestors who" speak" through the bones.

>> if you would have gone to a western doctor, the doctor would take an x-ray. this is my tool to ascertain what's wrong with her. >> reporter: patient thembi maluleke says these beliefs are an important part of her african culture. >> when people believe in archangels and angel gabriel, as africans before christianity, there was us and our ancestors. for them, those are our archangels, and it's our direct link to god. >> this is the bone that identifies thembi, and thembi has a serious relationship with somebody. the bone is saying she is in a happy relationship, she is content, they are both content. if they were not happy, thembi's bone would have sat like this. it means "i am not happy." now, thembi's bone is like this, "she is happy." >> reporter: western medicine is readily available in south

africa, and health care here is among the best on the continent. still, an enormous number of people seek out traditional healers. sangoma khauki maada has been throwing the bones for 15 years in a village near south africa's border with zimbabwe. >> a lot of times, it's bad news-- like, you get a premonition of something bad will happen. but you have to be very tactful as to not blur the lines of truth and really trying to hurt people but do it in a manner that sort of takes care of their spirit as well. >> reporter: to treat patients, a sangoma will often prescribe traditional medicine known as muti, like these herbs and animal bones ground into powder. >> this has been coming from our forefathers. you know, they didn't have hospitals then, and they didn't have doctors, but they used traditional healers to administer health problems. so, yes, this comes a long way

and is still effective today. >> reporter: malusi is a new sangoma; this ceremony marks the end of his six-week initiation process. it's estimated that there may be as many as 250,000 traditional healers in south africa, and every week more and more initiates join their ranks. it's gone on like this for generations and generations, and now the south african government wants to bring traditional medicine into the modern era. south africa is now pushing new regulations for traditional healers, recommended by the world health organization, including a certification process for all new healers. they will have to submit details related to their sessions with patients, a minimum age of 18 years old, and paying an annual licensing fee to the government. bruce mbedzi is the acting director responsible for

traditional medicine in south africa's health department. >> it's a matter of moving it from an informal sector to a formal sector. if we are formalizing the sector, we need to regulate the sector. >> reporter: after the government proposed the regulations last year, sangomas took to the streets in protest. >> they tell you about having a logbook, for instance, where you disclose certain aspects of your healing. and i find that very funny because i don't think any doctor in any practice across the world would disclose his logbook. it's a breach of confidentiality between the client and the patient. >> one of the things we are not happy about as traditional healers is, they are putting an age for being an initiate. it says you cannot initiate prior to 18 years. now, i know a lot of people that

are good traditional healers between the ages of 12 and 16. >> reporter: dr. daniel nciyana, the former editor of the "south african journal for medicine," supports the regulations for healers. >> i don't sympathize with them, and i know that they are really motivated by commercial... by greed, basically, by commercial interests. they just don't want to be subjected to the scrutiny that comes with regulation. >> reporter: nciyana believes in the idea of certification but worries his country currently has little means to enforce it. >> that sounds very reasonable, but there are no training places, there are no colleges for traditional healing, so where do you start? >> reporter: complicating matters is the trend of traditional healers, many from other countries, who south africans consider to be impostors overcharging for their services. >> they take advantage of the trust that people invest in the healers, in the community, and

they exploit that. you know, in the old days when i was growing up, payment was not a major issue. >> reporter: traditional healers say those bogus traditional healers hurt their credibility and are the ones the south african government should crack down on. >> because it's so widespread, and it's so damning for us, and it gives us a bad name because all sorts of things are happening. people are dying. >> reporter: marlin mckay is a family doctor with 20 years of experience working in south africa's black townships that were established during the apartheid era. he says the sangomas' practices go against everything he has ever been taught. proper diagnosis, he says, involves a physical examination and detailed blood tests. >> so, yes, i am very, very skeptical, and i don't see any way that someone can make a true scientific diagnosis based on throwing a few bones around. >> reporter: dr. mckay also says

the recent rise of bogus traditional healers has made things even worse. >> it's difficult for the communities out there to ascertain or to know who is better, who is good, who can be trusted, and who isn't worthy to be trusted. and i think there's the financial incentive; it's an easy way of making money. people are desperate, people are gullible, and a lot of people at the end of the day will believe anything that they feel will help them to get better. >> reporter: bruce mbedzi at the department of health says that is a key factor driving these initiatives. >> so, there's a need for the sector to be regulated, and then we know who are the real traditional health practitioners and take out all the charlatans and fly-by-nighters. >> reporter: the protests by mainstream sangomas pressured south africa's government to allow more time for comments on the proposed regulations, regulations that younger sangomas like zandila nkosi accept are inevitable.

>> but we are saying "talk to us, and we will help you write the regulations," not the other way around. >> reporter: still, there may be a generation gap. older sangomas like mberegene maada, a traditional healer for 25 years, believe his practices should not be regulated. >> because i know what it is in me. government does not know what i do and how i do it. so, how do you regulate that? how do you regulate a thing that you don't know? >> reporter: but the government intends to push forward. it will continue to hear recommendations until april; after that, it will begin work to finalize the regulations before the end of the year. tissot,. >> stewart: we two back to the

story of the bombing in istanbul, two united states citizens were among the dead. the nation of bangladesh formally asked the fbi for some help in solving one of the biggest cyber heists in history. it seems crooks hacked the country's account at the federal reserve bank of new york last month and went with through more than $80 million. the money was transferred to an account in the philippines. and in a sign of the times pope francis is now on instagram, today he joined the popular online platform and already attracted more than 900,000 followers and that number is growing. this isn't the pope's first hurrah in a social media his twittedder account had almost 9 million followers. >> that's it for this edition of pbs newshour weekend. i am alison stewart. good night. captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

>> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: lewis b. and louise hirschfeld cullman. bernard and irene schwartz. judy and josh weston. the cheryl and philip milstein family. the citi foundation. supporting innovation and enabling urban progress. the john and helen glessner family trust. supporting trustworthy journalism that informs and inspires. sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we are your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for

public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. exexplore new worlds and new ideas

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