captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. >> sreenivasan: and i'm hari sreenivasan.oo >> woodruff: on the newshoursr tonight, frontrunners donald trump and hillary clinton win big in yesterday's delegate-rics primaries, pushing the twos, closer to their party's nomination. what this means for the rest of the candidates in the race. >> sreenivasan: also ahead this wednesday: >> we will always save lives, and indeed humanity itself. but to play that role we mustbu make america strong again.g >> sreenivasan: in an issue- focused moment of donald trump's campaign, the self-presumed eventual nominee makes a crucial foreign policy speech outlining his views on the united states' role in the world. >> woodruff: and a writer follows the case of a grisly rape and murder to find out if it could have been avoided.

>> you can see how relatively little-- potentially-- it might have cost to steer him or forcefully nudge him in a different direction much earlier on. >> sreenivasan: all that and more, on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> ♪ love me tender ♪ love me true we can like many, but we can love only a precious few. because it is for those precious few that you have to be willing to do so very much. but you don't have to do it alone. lincoln financial helps youe. provide for and protect your financial future, because this is what you do for people you, love. lincoln financial-- you're in

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thank you. >> woodruff: today brought a sizeable shift in the presidential race. the republican frontrunner turned his attention from his rivals to his world view. but one of those rivals rolled out a running mate. john yang reports, on this campaign day. >> it's time to shake the rust off america's foreign policy. it's time to invite new voices and new visions into the fold.s >> reporter: donald trump, fresh from a decisive sweep of tuesday's primaries, deliveredim his first major speech on foreign policy. ted cruz answered with a headline of his own, namingin former rival, carly fiorina, as his running mate. >> this ticket is about the future, it is about our children, it is about our grandchildren. the stakes of this election, we are not simply waging on a sporting contest.

>> reporter: cruz is banking on next week's indiana primary to give him new life. trump now has more than three quarters of the delegates hele needs for a first-ballot victory.ll last night, he declared himself the "presumptive nominee," andel took aim at the democrats' likely standard bearer, hillary clinton. >> well, i think the only card she has is the woman's card. she has nothing else going for her.el frankly, if hillary clinton were a man, i don't think she would get 5% of the vote. >> reporter: clinton answered the jibe after winning four states-- putting her 90% of thet way to clinching the nomination. >> well, if fighting for women's health care and paid familyom leave and equal pay is playing the woman card, then deal me in! >> reporter: but bernie sanders is still not ready to throw in his hand. the vermont senator spoke today

in west lafayette, indiana, today. >> we are in this campaign to win and to become the democratir nominee. >> reporter: at the same time, sanders told "the new yorkt times" he plans to lay off hundreds of campaign workers any focus on winning california. for the pbs newshour, i'm john yang. >> woodruff: we will examine the race, and hear more of donald e trump's foreign policy speech, after the news summary. >> sreenivasan: in the day's other news, the u.s. supremeay court lent a seemingly sympathetic ear to former virginia governor bob mcdonnell. he faces two years in prison fos accepting thousands of dollars in gifts and loans from a businessman. but in today's arguments, both liberal and conservative justices suggested the federal bribery law is overbroad. a decision could come in june. >> woodruff: former housedr speaker dennis hastert was sentenced today to 15 months in federal prison, for paying hush money to cover up sexual abuse. the illinois republican admitted he abused at least one teenagert as a wrestling coach.

in high school. he told a federal court in chicago:l "what i did was wrong and i regret it." we will hear about hastert's day in court, later in the program.o >> sreenivasan: the fight over federal funding to control the zika virus will likely go unresolved before next week's congressional recess. the white house asked for $1.9 billion back in february. but house speaker paul ryan suggested today that may be more than necessary. >> the administration has a bit of a track record of over- requesting what they need. so we will sit down with the appropriators to figure out the best way forward, to make sure that we're good stewards of the taxpayers money and to make sur that we have what we need to combat and stay ahead of thed zika virus issue. t >> sreenivasan: at the white house, press secretary josh earnest fired back, saying the:s delay is putting the country at risk. >> you had the director of the national institutes of healthhe and a high ranking official from the centers of disease controlfr standing at this podium about three weeks ago and say they did

not have the resources they needed that should be used to fully prepare for the onset of the zika virus. >> sreenivasan: zika has been linked to a rare birth defect,n and is spreading rapidly through the americas. >> woodruff: for a second day, s severe weather system menaced a large swath of the nation. the threat of tornadoes waned, but kansas city suffered significant flooding early today. and winds of 60 miles an hour tore through the greater houston area, blowing trees onto houses. so far, one death is blamed on the storms. >> sreenivasan: in the middlere east, israeli security forces killed a palestinian woman and her teenage brother, the latest in a wave of violent incidents. it happened at a security checkpoint between the west bank and jerusalem. police said they fired after the woman pulled a knife on an a officer. they said they found knives on the boy's body as well. >> woodruff: the only surviving suspect in november's terroristn attacks in paris was extradited to france today. salah abdeslam is the alleged logistical planner of the

assault that left 130 people dead. he was taken to a paris court after an early-morning transfer from brussels, and his lawyer said he plans to cooperate. >> ( translated ): he gave a spontaneous statement to thega investigating judge, and he insisted he would explain himself later. the judge put him under formal investigation on charges of murder, complicity of murder with a terrorist organization,rd holding weapons and explosivesat and kidnapping. >> woodruff: abdeslam was captured in brussels last month. >> sreenivasan: back in this l country, it's being called the biggest gang crackdown ever inhe new york city. in pre-dawn raids, federal agents and police arrested scores of suspects. they said two rival gangs have terrorized housing projects in the bronx. in all, 120 people are being charged. >> woodruff: the latest "nation's report card" is in, and it shows high school senior, are losing ground. the u.s. department of education reports that average math scores

dropped last year for the firstc time since assessments began in 1992. reading scores were flat, but they've dropped five points since 1992. as a result, only 37% of all seniors were judged college- ready in math and reading. >> sreenivasan: the federal reserve today left short-termra interest rates unchanged for s now. in a statement, policymakers said there's been solid job growth, but economic activityrs appears to be slowing. as a result, the fed decided to hold off on a further hike, until june at the earliest. >> woodruff: wall street took the fed's news in stride. the dow jones industrial average gained 51 points to close at 18,041. the nasdaq fell 25 points, as apple slumped 6%, and the s&p 500 added three. >> sreenivasan: still to come on the newshour: is it game over for ted cruz and john kasich? donald trump calls for a hard line on negotiations abroad; former house speaker dennis hastert sentenced in a hush- money scandal, and much more.

>> woodruff: to dig into last night's election results and discuss the race's dramatic shift going into the last leg of the primary contest, we aree joined once again by susan page of "u.s.a. today," and reid wilson of the morning consult. and welcome back to both of you. big night last night. reid, how did the results lastt night change the trajectory of this race? and let's start with the republicans. >> on the republican side, donald trump swept just about a everything he possibly could have. the only place where john kasich or ted cruz picked up any delegates who will be pledged to them at the convention was in rhode island. and there was just a small hand full of delegates. more dramatically, i think there were some reports that suggest that about 39 of the unpledged delegates that came out of pennsylvania are going to back donald trump on the first ballot. that puts him a lot closer to a glide path towards the

nomination than he was just a few days ago, even after his big wins earlier this month. the problem for trump, though, is that coming up in may, he's still about 250 delegates short of the number he needs. but in the five contests in may, there are only 199 delegates available. so if ted cruz and john kasich want to stick around, they sure can, least until june. >> woodruff: so, susan, where does this leave ted cruz and john kasich? >> i think it leaves them in a predicament. donald trump is now-- he called himself last not the presumptive nominee. now, maybe we're just a step short of that, but he is it the likely nominee. he is likely to be able to get a majority of convention delegates on the first ballot or come so close it is impossible politically to deny him the nomination. you saw him reflect that dade taid by giving a big speech on foreign policy we never heard before. you also saw ted cruz trying to get back in the story by doing something that seemed a little premature, which was announcing his-- >> woodruff: and what about that, reid?

normally, the nominee of the party waits until either the convention or right before the convention. ted cruz is clearly trying to get some headlines. >> and it looks like this may have been a little bit rushed. remember, it was just a few days ago when the cruz campaign leaked that they were vitvet, carly fiorina. the vice presidential vetting process takes weeks and weeks to go through tax records and check interviews for controversial statements. this is, clearly, is ted cruz trying to change the conversation from donald trump being the presumptive nominee to some kind of two-person race. i'm not sure how successful he was. >> you know, the one thing it did do, we're now the talking about his vice presidential pick and whether it makes sense, and what will she do, rather than talking about the fact as of last night he does not have a mathematical way to be nominated in the first ballot. it's now mathematically impossible for him to go to the convention with a majority of delegates. >> woodruff: his hope, you're saying, is if there's a contested convention. but does the pick of carly fiorina help him in any way, susan?

>> she doesn't have any delegates. it helps him maybe with today's news cycle. it may help him a bit in california. you remember in 2010 she ran for the senate in california. that's that big, final primary. but this field i think just a little desperate. >> i think one way in which carly fiorina will help is she has been one of the more effective surrogates to attack donald trump. when she took him on head to head earlier in this campaign process, you remember rick perry attacked him and then dropped out. boab jindal attacked him and then dropped out. carly fireinafs the only candidate to attack donald trump and she got boosted to the main stage in the second debate. as somebody who can draw a contrast with donald trump, that's where she helps. >> woodruff: she also had tough words to say about ted cruz early in the campaign which we were hearing again. quickly, susan, you brought up donaldonald trump's speech todan foreign policy. are we learning something different from this, as you say, first major speech on the subject? the speech was more prepared

than the previous comments he's made on foreign policy. he actually had a vipt vipt. he read it off teleprompter. he does that rarely. but it was consistent with what he has said about foreign policy issues in the past, and in that way, at odds with a lot of traditional foreign policy, especially in the republican party. ung it was a natural thing for him to do as he prepares to run in a general election against hillary clinton. >> woodruff: let's move over to the democrats, reid. hillary clinton won four of theh five states last night.of bernie sanders picks up rhode island. where does this race stand? we learned today that bernie sanders is-- and we heard that in john yang's report-- is telling some of his staffers they won't be staying on the payroll any longer. where does he go from here? >> so, like the republican side, hillary clinton is as close to the democratic nomination as donald trump is-- actually, she's a little closer. she's about 200 delegation shierng but there are only about 226 delegates that are going to be awarded in may. so if bernie sanders does want to stick around, he can, and

essentially, wait until the very last several days of the race before hillary clinton reaches that 2,383 delegates she needs. but sanders' problem is while he's raised a lot of money he's spent a lot of money, too. he spent $46 million last month. and though he raised more than $40 million, he is still bleeding money. i think that's what the staff departures are about, trying to serve as long as possible as the momentum starts to fade the donations will start to fade, too. >> you have seen him pivot from a person who has a chance to win the nomination to figure out what his role is going to be. he wants to push for a progressive platform. he want to affect the party's stance and hillary clinton's stance on regulating wall street or paying for college tuition for young people. he's got a big floal this party. but i think you can see him in his comments and the statement he put out last night he understands his role in this fight is changing now that hillary clinton is on a clear path to be the nominee. >> woodruff: susan, what does

hillary clinton need to do at this point? >> she needs bernie sanders to get on her side. you know, he's gotten 70% of the votes of millennials. and, you know, those voters i don't think would naturally go to trump if they don't like clinton. but they might stay home. so i think she needs sanders to embrace her and to give her some of the enthusiasm he's been able to engender on the left side of the democratic party. >> woodruff: is that something he can do, reid? can bernie sanders say to these young people everybody else who has been enthusiastic atticly showing up at his rallies, "now i want you to turn around and vote for hillary clinton?" >> it's not something he has done a lot in the past. bernie sanders does not have a long track record of working for other democrats around the rest of the country, though he had done some fund-raising before his presidential campaign. what i think sanders is most likely to be is give as much of a blessing as he possibly can. let's not forget that if clinton is the nominee and democrats take back the senate, he gets a pretty prominent committee chairmanship. on the other hand, though, clinton is going to try to

mobilize these voters by pointing out her contrasts with donald trump. negative advertising is something voarpts say they hate but it works. that's why we'll see a lot of it this year, especially when you're contrasting someone like hillary clinton with donald trump. >> woodruff: susan, quickly, he said he is staying until nuntil the platform. >> i think he's guaranteed to stay until the california primary on june 7 as hillary clinton did in 2008. whether he goes to the convention in a disruptive role. i don't think so. i think he is am category around to the idea he doesn't want to create problems in defeating donald trump in november. >> woodruff: susan page, reid wilson, thank you both. >> thank you. >> woodruff: appreciate it. >> woodruff: and now, we return to donald trump and the speech he gave this morning in downtown washington, which laid out his foreign policy vision. here are some excerpts. >> my foreign policy will always put the interests of the american people, and american security, above all else. has to be first.

has to be. that will be the foundation of every decision that i will make. after the cold war, our foreign policy veered badly off course. we went from mistakes in iraq to egypt to libya, to president obama's line in the sand in syria. each of these actions have helped to throw the region into chaos, and gave isis the space it needs to grow and prosper. i have a simple message for them: their days are numbered. i won't tell them where and i won't tell them how. our allies are not paying their fair share-- and i've been talking about this recently a lot. our allies must contribute toward their financial, political and human costs-- have to do it-- of our tremendous security burden.

and, if not, the u.s. must be prepared to let these countries defend themselves. we will discuss how we can upgrade nato's outdated mission and structure-- grown out of the cold war-- to confront our shared challenges, including migration and islamic terrorism. we desire to live peacefully and in friendship with russia and china. we have serious differences with these two nations and must regard them with open eyes but we are not bound to be adversaries. i believe an easing of tensions and improved relations with russia, from a position of strength only, is possible. fixing our relations with china is another important step-- china respects strength, and by letting them take advantage of us economically-- which they are doing like never before-- we have lost all of their respect.

we have a massive trade deficit with china, a deficit that we have to find a way quickly, and i mean quickly to balance. under a trump administration, no american citizen will ever again feel that their needs come second to the citizens of a foreign country. i will view as president the world through the clear lens of american interests. i will be america's greatest defender and most loyal champion. we will not apologize for becoming successful again, but instead we'll embrace unique heritage that makes us who we are. the world is most peaceful and most prosperous when america is strongest. >> woodruff: for two perspectives on donald trump's foreign policy approach, i'm joined now by walid phares, a scholar and terrorism expert who

advises the trump campaign; and ambassador nicholas burns. he's been a top foreign policy adviser and diplomat for both republican and democratic presidents. he is currently a visiting fellow at the hoover institution at stanford university. and we welcome both of you back to the program. ambassador burns, to you, first, we heard donald trump call the current american foreign policy a complete and total disaster. what was your overall reaction to the speech? >> judy, i thrawt it was a very revealing speech about donald trump, and, frankly, as a citizen and voter i think it revealed he doesn't have the qualities to be a commander in chief and our top diplomat. if you think about the speech today it betrayed, i think, a lack of in-depth knowledge, a lack of sophistication and nuance about the very complex world we face, and the lack of humility about the restraint that america sometimes has to apply in the world. those were the qualities in my mind that are best republican

presidents of the last 50 years had-- dwight d. highs hour, ronald regan, george w.h. bush. you saw very little of that balance and restraint today. what he did was cast a series of ultimatums and threats mainly against our alierkz nato, japan. he was very soft on russia. i thought it was a very unwise speech. >> woodruff: walid phares, a lack of knowledge and a lack of humility. >> i would not opine on his lack of humility. i would look at mr. trump's new policy that he is proposing that it is something new. his contribution usually try to put him in a box. either they accuse him of being an isolationist-- and he's not. precisely, he spoke about many alliance he would like to develop. or they would criticize him that he is an interventionist, precisely, because the fact that he has opined on many regions and what to do about it.

in my view, this speech is revealing a new school of thought which will develop soon and other speeches which is functionalist. meaning the question he has always asked, "why are we doing this? why are we, for example, drawing this policy in syria and failed? why did we take that action in libya and failed? why have we not found joint principles with russia while firm in negotiations? he is trying to propose something new based on his critique of the past eight years, but also most likely of the last 20 years. >> woodruff: nicholas burns, why couldn't this be seen as a new approach? he talked about the u.s. should not continue to be involved in the business of nationwide building, but he said we need a new rational approach and we need to seek stability in the world. >> well, judy, he made a point about three-quarters of the way through the speech. he says we have to return to diplomacy. he wants to focus on diplomacy. and this is the presidential candidate who has malined the entire nation of mexico, 1.6

billion muslims, our nato allies and asian allies. it's a curious way to return to diplomacy to basically be very critical of our allies. but i want to go back to the point i ended on before. he was quite soft on vat vlad mir putin. and right now, the next american president will face putin, a divided ukraine and divide our nato allies. the next american president needs to join with our european allies, with the germ arngz british, and french, in containing putin. we didn't hear any of that today. i think it was a very naive speech in that respect because he appears to want to try to sidle up to putin and yet be so tough on our allies, alm of which whom are democracies, that he's going to alienate them from american leadership. >> woodruff: walid phares, what about that, nicholas burns' point, that he is being tough-- rather being soft on mr. putin at the same time he's coming down hard on america's allies. >> in comparison with the current administration and maybe the last few years of the previous administration in terms of being tough or being nice

with our allies, i mean, you have a feeling in the region, first in the middle east, but also in europe, that there has been abandonment. ask the eastern europeans about our policy wrarlds to supporting them and the weapon systems we withdrew from the areas. ask the czechs, ask the polls, but also the egyptians. an overwhelming majority of egyptians who felt the obama administration-- which would be continued with the clinton administration-- has been abandon. it's only recently we have started to change the policy because the people of egypt have spoang. ask the iranians how we actually abandoned them. we can criticize the beginning of a new foreign policy because it did not develop yet on the ground. but to say he is basically developing something that has been tested before. i don't think so. it's a new policy. >> woodruff: staying with you quickly, mr. phareswhat, about the point that mr. trump was soft on vladimir putin? >> he is soft on vladimir putin

if the policy would be containment of russia no questions asked. yes, he doesn't want to contain russia with no question asked. he wants to sit down with the russian leadership, the same way regan engaged them and when there was an issue, he confronted them. but at the same time, they were joint issued against terrorism, and we saw how it ended, how the soviet union ended when a new policy of developed by regan and those who came after him. >> woodruff: ambassador burns? >> i think it's naive to think you can sit down with vladimir putin and negotiate the future of europe. president obama, and president bush before him dealt with putin from a position of strength. we now have sanctions against putin because he cross the brightest red line. he invaded another country and territory.their testify i think, judy, the thing that bothered me the most about this speech, the lack of humility. donald trump castigate 35 years of american foreign policy. that includes george h.w. bush.

it includes bill clinton, george w. bush. we've had a number of success over the last 35 years-- some failures, too. but to say we have an entirely-- we've been entirely unsuccessful for three decades is simply untrue. and i think it really means to me that he's out campaigning, and he doesn't really have an in-depth sense of how the world works. and we & we need to have that confidence in a commander in chief. hillary clinton has those qualities but he surely does not. >> woodruff: was donald trump saying american foreign policy has been wrong for the last 30-plus years? >> he actually said, basically, and give an example in this speech and in previous statements, that there were mistakes made. he did not say everything made since 1991 to his event has been wrong. but he has drawn the attention of the public and the voters and the citizens-- because he was addressing the american public at large-- to the failures, and i mentioned a few of them, only in syria and iraq. the fact that isis was not dismantled.

the fact that we have abandoned the arab alliance. it was very clear in the media over past few weeks that there was a sort of rejection in the region, at least from the perspective of what the obama administration has abandoned. but also, on the other hand, and i keep going back to that point, europeans are maybe critical of what they think mr. trump is going to do. but if you ask the europeans of central europe and eastern europe, the abandonment was done way before. >> woodruff: all right, gentlemen, we are going to have to leave it there. walid phares, ambassador nicholas burns, we thank both of you. >> thank you. >> thank you very much. >> sreenivasan: stay with us. coming up on the newshour: a path to murder and how the mental health care system failed to stop it; how a unique therapy helped a man born with autism understand emotions; and helmets being used to measure concussion risks.

but first, to the sentencing of former house speaker dennis hastert, and the accusations of sexual abuse that became a central part of this case. the federal judge overseeing the proceedings, thomas durkin, had tough words for the man who was once second in line to the presidency. he said, "nothing is more disturbing than having 'serial child molester' and 'speaker of the house' in the same sentence." we get more now on what happened inside the courtroom today from natasha korecki, who covers illinois politics and politicians for "politico." the trial and the sentencing were not about sexual abuse but really, this last phase today, it was pretty much a trial about sexual abuse. the victims came forward. he actually admitted to it. >> that's right. and when hastert finally did go up and speak, he kind of glossed over that, the abuse part of it. he said-- quote, unquote-- i regret, i'm sorry for mistreating my athletes when i was a coach more than three

decades ago. but the judge specifically held his feet to the fire and made him spell out each individual asking him, "did you sexually abuse individual "a"?" and he went through the the different numbers that have been laid out in the past. and eventually, hastert did admit to it. it became this very, very pointed, dramatic court hearing where the victims were just feet away from hastert himself, and there was a very direct confrontation there. >> sreenivasan: you had one of the victims directly, had one of the victim's family members. and it seemed that dennis hastert was actually asking for support, a letter of support from one of those victims' brothers. it just is appalling. >> you know, that really seemed to rub the judge the wrong way. because i think hastert going in, his lawyers had been making, you know, this argument that all of this conduct was old. it was decades old. but the judge said he was so disturbed by that specifically,

that he called, you know, this-- a politician well known here in illinois, tom cross, who used to be the leader of the g.o.p. in the illinois house. hastert was a mentor to tom cross. he called him and asked him for a letter. instead, the cross family contacted federal authorities and scott cross, tom's brother, came forward and gave very pointed and very tearful, emotional testimony today, and he was really-- is really the first victim that we have heard from publicly. we've heard from a deceased victim's system who has been, you know, unrelenting in all of this. and, you know, she timely heard what she wanted to hear from hastert today as well. >> sreenivasan: now, the criminal proceedings on this case are done. but there's still a civil lawsuit pending? >> the initial transaction that got us here, the struck thuring count, this was involving this individual "a," who we still don't know the identity of.

it's not been reported publicly yet. and this individual said they had an agreement that hastert had agreed to pay him $3.5 million. the individual initially wanted to get a lawyer involved, and so forth. hastert paid part of the money, about almost $1 million. and this individual says, "you still owe me the rest of that money," and filed a complaint in a state court, and that's going to be litigated. one of the little turns in that case now is that individual is trying to see if he can remain an unnamed victim. that part is going to actual-- actually, there's a hearing tomorrow to discuss that aspect of it. >> sreenivasan: so what happens to dennis hastert now? we didn't see him led off in chains today. >> we did not. he s wheeled out of court. his attorneys described him as frail and very ill. he is going to be able to self-surrender. that's very typical, actually, in federal government for white collar crimes, so-called white collar crimes.

but he's going to report to prison. he's going to be designated to a prison. it usually takes the bureau of prisons 60 days or more to find a place. the judge said he would recommend what they call a level four medical facility for him to deal with diabetes and some other ailments that he has described in detail to the judge. >> sreenivasan: all right, natasha korecki of politico joining us from chicago, thanks so much. >> thank you. >> woodruff: now, the harrowing account of how a mentally ill man attacked and raped a young couple in seattle-- and how it exposed gaps in our system. since the great recession, an estimated $4.3 billion has been cut from mental health services in the united states-- and only a fraction of those funds have been restored. most often, this leaves people to suffer quietly and alone, but

on rare occasions, that illness can lead to violent behavior, as pulitzer prize winner eli sanders recounts in a new book. william brangham talked with sanders and the surviving victim. >> i think most people that know me think of me as this gregarious, outgoing person and with teresa i was the quiet one. she'd walk into a room you couldn't not notice her-- she just lit up the room with her personality. >> jennifer and teresa were two women who took a long time and long roads towards finding themselves and then each other. >> we knew we wanted to be married. we knew we wanted to spend our life together. the night before the attack we went to our favorite bar. we had this incredible conversation about what life would look like and what we wanted to create for ourselves. and she went to go get us another drink and she just

turned around and just mouthed "i love you." >> brangham: the very next night, jennifer hopper's and teresa butz's plans would come apart in the worst way imaginable. they went to sleep in their home in the south park neighborhood of seattle. they had no warning of what was to come. >> a young man named isaiah kalebu came in through an open window in the house that jennifer and teresa shared. he sexually assaulted each of them under the threat that if they didn't do what he wanted he would harm the other. he used their love against them, he raped both of them, and he began to cut both of them, and as they resisted, he stabbed teresa in the heart. she ultimately died and jennifer was able to escape out into the street in front of their house. >> brangham: the attack and murder shocked the city. an immediate manhunt for the suspect began. thanks to d.n.a. from the crime scene-- which matched d.n.a. left at this 2008 break-in attempt-- isaiah kalebu was arrested. eli sanders reported this

horrible story for seattle's alternative weekly, "the stranger." in 2012, he won the pulitzer prize for this feature, "the bravest woman in seattle," about jennifer hopper. and now, sanders has widened the story into this book: "while the city slept: a love lost to violence and a young man's descent into madness." in it, sanders tells the stories of jennifer hopper and teresa butz and their life together. sanders spent months with hopper and other family members. but he also examines the troubled life of their attacker. >> he was at the time, a nearly 24-year-old young man who came out of very difficult circumstances and had been living for quite some time with a serious mental illness that was not well treated, and he had bounced in and out of the criminal justice and mental health systems in the years before this crime, and had actually been engaged in a series of escalating, violent acts.

>> brangham: your book documents so many different instances where people spent some time with isaiah and clearly recognized that this was a young man who was in serious trouble and needed some help, and yet that help was never coming. >> yes. i mean, as young as elementary school, he had teachers showing signs of concern, but it wasn't clear exactly what was going on with him. so, as an adult, for example-- his mother, at one point, when he was acting very worrisome, when she urged him to get care, he turned on her. he threatened her. he told her, she said, to enjoy her last day on earth, and the day after that he was smashing the windows of her van with a rock and swinging his dog's chain at her and hit her in the head with the metal end of his dog's leash. >> brangham: as kalebu's mental

state deteriorated, he got into more and more trouble with the law, and cycled through courtroom after courtroom. just days before the attack, a fight with a police officer landed kalebu in district court-- but the system couldn't see the looming threat. >> in washington state, the state that birthed microsoft, in this state a district court judge's computer cannot speak to a superior court judge's computer in another county in a way that was sufficient for the district court judge to see who he had in front of him. and so isaiah kalebu was released. and not long after that he scared his aunt so badly that she filed for a restraining order against him. and that again failed to set off any alarms in these failed, fractured, unintegrated systems. the day after, she was killed in an arson. and he was a suspect in that arson, but was then released. and as his defense attorneys later put it, he wandered after that, homeless for days,

accompanied only by his dog and his delusions. until early in the morning of july 19, he encountered teresa butz and jennifer hopper. >> brangham: at kalebu's trial-- where he had to be restrained in a chair because of his regular outbursts-- jennifer hopper re- lived that terrible night on the witness stand. one of the prosecutors said she was the strongest witness he'd seen in 20 years. >> there was never any question as to whether i would or could testify. there wouldn't be justice for my family without speaking the truth about what happened but there would never of been justice for hers. i mean, i got to survive and her family had to bury her-- i can't imagine-- i can't imagine what that was like for them, so how could i have ever not given them that peace? and i think it helped complete that night for a lot of people, including myself. >> brangham: kalebu was sentenced to life in prison with

no chance of parole. as eli sanders spent the next years researching kalebu's life-- how he'd slipped through the cracks so many times-- he became convinced that our system for dealing with mentally ill people in america is terribly broken. >> i believe that if you just look at this one case of isaiah kalebu in washington state, but washington state is, in the end, a microcosm of the failures of our nation's mental health and criminal justice systems around the country. you can see how relatively little, potentially, it might have cost to steer him or forcefully nudge him in a different direction much earlier on. >> brangham: it seems like we have this conversation every time someone with clear mental illness goes on a violent spree: we always talk about how we need to address this and it seems like we never do. >> yes. and in a way, it is unfortunate that we only have this conversation in conjunction with violent incidents. because the vast majority of people who live and struggle with mental illness are non-

violent and are more likely to be victims than perpetrators. but if you want to add up the cost to tax payers-- which we are constantly doing in this country-- so, let's add it up. it cost more than $3 million for the taxpayers of washington state to jail isaiah kalebu before his trial, and then try him at public expense. and now we are going to pay to put him in prison for life and keep him there. it would not have cost more than $3 million to have tried to intervene. >> brangham: today, jennifer hopper-- a lifelong, classically trained singer-- is using those talents to help other victims of sexual assault. she's part of "the angel band project," set up by teresa butz's best friends, and their music and concerts help other survivors get the care they need.

jennifer says this work-- and, eli sanders book telling her story-- have helped honor the memory of teresa. >> through eli, in the book she got to be very alive. to have that relationship and that joy that i had, to have that told in his voice, like the way he told it-- it's so beautiful, like she still gets to be, you know, alive. >> woodruff: again, the book is called "while the city slept-- a love lost to violence, and a young man's descent into madness" by eli sanders. we will continue our "broken justice" series tomorrow on the newshour with a conversation with deputy attorney general sally yates about the challenges the newly released face after leaving prison.

>> sreenivasan: in the latest newshour bookshelf conversation, a look into a potential new treatment for autism. trans-cranial magnetic stimulation, or t.m.s., can be used to diagnose damage from brain injuries and disorders. but a new study investigates whether the therapy can help some autistic patients make connections and understand emotions they've never experienced. i recently spoke with one such patient. john robison, thanks so much for joining us. first let's start with what is transcranial magnetic stimulation, and why did you decide to participate in this research? >> it's a therapy where they use focused bursts of electromagnetic energy to transmit tiny amounts of electricity through the scalp and through the skull, and into your brain. your brain's an electrical organ, so if you want to change how it functions, you can change it most directly with targeted

electricity. when i heard that there was a study that might help autistic people like me see emotional cues in other people, the idea of it just spoke to the heart of something that i felt had been a disability in me all my life, being unable to read body language and expressions and cues in other people. >> sreenivasan: so you describe this-- i want to quote a paragraph-- "imagine all your life you can seen the world in black and white. meanwhile, everyone around you describes the beauty and richness of color. after a while, their talk of color frustrates you. which do you believe, their words or the evidence before your eyes?" so did you get a glimpse of color? >> absolutely. that's really the transformative thing about this. you can be an intelligent adult, and all your life you hear about color, and yet eventually you start getting angry because the evidence in your eyes is gray. and then imagine the doctor does something and they turn on color for half an hour.

and even if color goes away, for the rest of your life, you're going to know it's real. and that's kind of how it is for me. they stimulated me, and it was a temporary thing. the effects lasted for some months, i would say, some of them faded away quickly, some longer. and that built an ability that's in me today based on that real experience. and it's something words and teaching and talk could never have achieved. >> sreenivasan: the premise of the stimulation wasn't that you don't have the wiring, so to speak, to pick up on emotional cues. it's just that your wiring was almost dormant. >> well, you know, the magical thing is the premise of the experiment exploited the hope that i did have the wiring. and when they fired the energy into my head, it wasn't like this gradually came on. it was like i went to bed and i woke up and the next morning, bang! it was there. and i could, like, look in your eyes and it was like seeing into your soul, and never in my life

did i have experience like that before. so it was from nothing to everything. >> sreenivasan: you know, one of the things that you point out is that you were overwhelmeed just by waves of emotion. >> just you and me talking like it, this i'd look at you, and i'd sense curiosity or worry or fear or something, and i'd almost be brought to tears by an ordinary conversation. and that happened to me the first day. i'd say, "skews me. i gotta-- i gotta just step away and calm down." and it was crazy. i thought not seeing emotion was disabling, but seeing it in such tremendous intensity was, frankly, really disabling and, of course, thankfully is moderated. >> sreenivasan: what did you see? did you have an expectation that there was a world of joy and happiness that you weren't plugging into? >> i did, and i was just-- i was just a crazy fool for that.

because anyone who looks at the news knows that the world is not beauty and joy and light. well, i thought those are the messages i'm missing, and if i could get them, i'd be happy. and instead of messages were angst, and jealousy and fear and worry. >> sreenivasan: this is what people around you were exhibiting? >> it was a pretty big shock to me. and the thing that was maybe the hardest was seeing people looking at me, sometimes can contempt or derision, and even my memories, for me to remember a time when i was laughing with somebody and after the enlightenment of the t.m.s., i realized they were laughing at me, and that made me really, really sad. >> sreenivasan: it also cost you the relationship at home with your wife. >> it cost me my marriage. it cost me clients at work, who i felt were-- didn't like me. and, of course, it's a business,

right. and should i even care if somebody likes me? but i did. and it cost me friends, and like i said. it cost me even my memories. >> sreenivasan: you go out of your way in the book to mention that this is the experiences that you had, that even other people that participated in the research had very different experiences. you're not advocating automatically that this is a cure for autism or anything like that. >> oh, absolutely not. this is-- this is not a cure for autism. but what it is, is it's a story of a powerful transformative experience that ultimately had a very positive effect on me, but it was a rough ride. it shows, though, the tremendous power of this t.m.s. technology that's basically unknown, even as it's f.d.a. approved to treat depression, nobody knows it. >> sreenivasan: you know, this also makes me think, looking forward, is there an era that you see where people say, "well, i want to do something to my brain to perhaps enhance and

wake up certain parts of my brain that might not be as active or efficient as they could be?" >> i think that's a very real thing that we need to start the conversation about now, and that's actually one reason i wrote "switched on." because i'm concerned that people are going to read my story-- and, frankly, is like a stepping up of my emotional intelligence-- and they're going to read some of the other accounts in newspapers and they're going to think,"i'm going toot that to get my mathematical i.q. hopped up." and if it's you or me, if we're intelligent at all times we can go into it with our eyes open. but what if people start saying, "i'm going to do this to my child to speed him up in school"? i think we have some real serious ethical crises coming with this kind of tech dismolg how it's going to be used. >> sreenivasan: all right, the book is called "switched on." john elder robison, thank you so much for joining us. >> thank you.

>> woodruff: finally, with growing concern over concussions and related injuries, a startup in upstate new york is using wearable technology to help keep athletes safer. it is a device that sends head injury alerts as soon as they happen-- on the field and in the ring-- and also measures the cumulative effect of multiple hits. from member station wxxi and public media's innovation trail, sasha-ann simons reports. >> we start off with a ten minute run, and after the run we do what's called a set. we do jumping jacks, pushups, squats, all that kind of stuff. and we wrap our hands. >> reporter: it's a daily ritual for michael robertson. the 16-year-old is on the high school boxing team at aquinas institute. six days a week, he gears up to get in the ring. his head gear is high tech.

before every match, he slips a small sensor inside his headband and then puts a helmet on. jab after jab, the sensor-- this one called the linx impact assessment system, or i.a.s-- sends real-time data to his coach and parents through an app. not only does the sensor help spot signs of a concussion, it also can uncover other, more common, types of brain injuries. >> one of the things i look at with the device is not only how hard they're getting hit, but if they're getting hit how often with blows that register. >> reporter: aquinas has been field testing the concussion sensor for about two years. inside the helmet, the sensor registers the amount of force from a blow and will trigger a green, yellow or red light, with red being the indicator that the hit was too hard to ignore. the data is available in real- time and can be stored for review after a match.

>> we'll check with the system and we'll also check with the student-- how did that blow feel? and they were pretty consistent. >> reporter: the blow is also given an impact assessment score. >> that gives a number from one to 100 so the individual can gauge the severity of each of those impacts on that scale. but we also capture all the detailed data which is really critical for research. >> reporter: david borkholder is in charge of the technology at blackbox, which created linx i.a.s. his team is brainstorming ways to push the technology forward. >> another emerging area that i think is going to be even more important are repetitive sub- concussive hits. >> reporter: recent research has shown that many brain injuries are from sub-concussive hits, which don't display the symptoms of a concussion. and according to dr. jeff bazarian of the university of

rochester medical center, it's important for wearable sensors to be able to pick up on those, too. >> there are football players that get hit all the time, day in and day out-- never have a concussion. we look at their brains, it looks like they have some mild brain injury. >> reporter: over the years, more companies have introduced impact sensors, and more doctors have diagnosed concussions. bazarian says that wasn't always the case. >> people would say, "these problems that you're having are not rooted in anything real. they're just a psychiatric response to being hit." but now that we can see it people are saying, "this is kind of like a stroke or a mini stroke. there's actually injury here." >> reporter: there's an adage in boxing that the best defense is to not get hit. arioli is a firm believer that technology can't take the place of his experience and good training, but says he thinks devices like linx i.a.s. are useful. >> i can see if they're not keeping their hands up. but it gives me something to show them-- physically show

them. look how often you're getting hit. what's the story here? >> reporter: for the pbs newshour, i'm sasha-ann simons in rochester, new york. >> sreenivasan: on the newshour online: for many, life after retirement can be an opportunity to travel and explore new horizons, but how does medicare coverage work while you're on the road? our medicare guru has advice on receiving care, and prescriptions, while you're away from home. that's in this week's "ask phil." and applying for financial aid is a daunting task for college students, but some universities have found that pairing students with their peers can help them manage financial hurdles. read more about these programs, on our home page. all that and more is on our web site, www.pbs.org/newshour. >> woodruff: and later tonight on charlie rose: nike chairman phil knight on fortune, philanthropy and the founding of nike. >> sreenivasan: and that's the newshour for tonight. on thursday, our making sense series takes a look at the business backlash against laws in north carolina that many say discriminate against the

l.g.b.t. community. i'm hari sreenivasan. >> woodruff: and i'm judy woodruff. join us on-line, and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and good night. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> bnsf railway. >> lincoln financial-- committed to helping you take charge of your financial future. >> fathom travel-- carnival corporation's small ship line. offering seven-day cruises to three cities in cuba. exploring the culture, cuisine and historic sites through its people. >> genentech. >> supporting social entrepreneurs and their solutions to the world's most pressing problems-- skollfoundation.org. >> supported by the rockefeller foundation. promoting the wellbeing of humanity around the world, by building resilience and inclusive economies. more at

www.rockefellerfoundation.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

this is nightly business report. status update blow out quarter, facebook strong profit profit makes it a stand out in a season filled with tech earning disappointment. turning up the heat why kom cast may put pressure on disney. a rare look at one of the most isolated economies in the world. all that and more tonight on nightly business report for wednesday april 27th. good evening and welcome. facebook shareholders are hitting the like button and whaegs not to like about a big earnings. the world's largest