captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening, i'm judy woodruff. >> sreenivasan: and i'm hari sreenivasan. gwen ifill is away this week. >> woodruff: on the "newshour" tonight, contraception coverage and online privacy at the high court. we break down today's supreme court rulings. >> sreenivasan: also ahead this monday, bernie sanders and hillary clinton prepare for two state primaries tomorrow, while donald trump faces his own battles as the sole republican candidate. >> woodruff: andcades after war, the balkans struggle with differing forms of islam, and fight to shut down radical mosques some say are breeding terrorist fighters. >> a number of them, they have been in contact with people outside bosnia herzegovina, because this is not from bosnia, this has been imported from somewhere else. >> sreenivasan: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour.

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>> woodruff: it is primary eve for two more states, and the democratic campaign in one of them has heated up. that has party divisions on display again, and it leaves the frontrunner fighting a two-front war. >> let's do everything we can to win kentucky in november! >> reporter: hillary clinton blitzed the bluegrass state today, her sights on a fall campaign against donald trump. >> now, some people might say, "all anybody wants to hear is just "i'm going to do it, but i'm not telling you how i'm gonna do it." see, i don't believe that. but americans take their vote for president seriously. and they're going to be looking at the tv screen and saying, "he still doesn't have anything to tell us?" >> reporter: she's also trying to break her primary losing streak against democratic rival

bernie sanders. clinton is running her first tv ads in weeks, and says she'll put her husband, who won kentucky twice, in charge of revitalizing the economy. sanders moved on to puerto rico today, which votes june 5th. >> it is unacceptable to me for the u.s. government to treat puerto rico like a colony during a time when its people are facing the worst fiscal and economic crisis in its history. >> reporter: the clinton campaign has written off oregon, which also votes tomorrow, and is competing hard in kentucky. she won the state easily in 2008, but recent comments about putting coal miners out of work have hurt her. she wants to avoid losing twice tomorrow. trump had a different target today: british prime minister david cameron, who called trump's plan to ban muslims "divisive, stupid and wrong."

on britain's independent television news, trump fired back. >> if you're president, and he's the british prime minister... >> it looks like we're not going to have a very good relationship. who knows? i hope to have a good relationship with him, but it seems like he's not willing to address the problem, either. >> reporter: trump also blasted a "new york times" story examining how he treats women. a former model who dated the new york billionaire and was quoted in the story says the paper twisted her words. >> they spun it to where it appeared negative. i did not have a negative experience with donald trump, and i don't appreciate them making it look like that i was saying that it was a negative experience because it was not. >> reporter: trump tweeted his own take, saying: "false reporting, and plenty of it-- but we will prevail!" for the pbs newshour, i'm john yang. >> woodruff: we'll talk with supporters on both sides of the democratic race, right after the news summary. >> sreenivasan: in the day's other news, the u.s. and other world powers announced they're ready to arm the internationally recognized government of libya.

they want an exemption to a u.n. arms embargo, to supply weapons to fight islamic state forces. officials from the u.s. and 20 other countries met in vienna. secretary of state john kerry said they want to help libya fight isis and other militants. >> but there has been no request otherwise at this point in time for some other kind of intervention. we are simply in a mode of trying to help and assist and develop a libyan capacity to be able to respond to the challenge of security within libya. >> sreenivasan: the pentagon confirmed today that small teams of u.s. troops are on the ground, assessing the situation. "the washington post" reported last week that they're special operations forces, deployed at two outposts. >> woodruff: the capital of afghanistan was on lockdown today as tens of thousands of minority hazaras protested. they marched in kabul, demanding that a planned multinational power line be routed through their province. they hope it would will lift the area out of poverty. police blocked off roads in the city, fearing possible violence.

>> sreenivasan: the 50th anniversary of china's cultural revolution came and went with little official recognition today. state media were mostly silent on the violent campaign to revive communist goals that began on may 16th, 1966. mao zedong rallied the youthful red guard to persecute millions. today, many criticize the brutal campaign. >> ( translated ): the 30 years after the reforms show that this was totally wrong. the reforms did not bring any benefit to our country, to our lives. they did not bring any development to our economy and our industry. >> sreenivasan: the cultural revolution officially ended with mao's death in 1976. the ruling communist party formally condemned the movement in 1981. >> woodruff: back in this country, thousands of low-income students will soon be eligible for federal pell grants to take college courses in high school. the education department said today it's earmarking about $20 million next school year, to help about 10,000 students. 44 institutions, most of them

community colleges, are expected to participate. >> sreenivasan: and wall street rallied, as rising oil prices pushed energy stocks higher. the dow jones industrial average gained 175 points to close at 17,710. the nasdaq rose 57 points, and the s&p 500 added 20. still to come on the newshour: hillary clinton's last-minute push for votes in kentucky. the supreme court side-steps a key contraceptive ruling. bosnian muslims crack down on allegedly radical mosques, and much more. >> woodruff: we look at primaries and divisions within the democratic party starting with oregon. it's junior u.s. senator jeff merkley is the only u.s. senator to endorse bernie sanders for

president. we welcome you to the president. >> glad to be here. >> woodruff: all of the delegate projections we see show it's all but impossible for bernie sanders to have enough delegates to win this nomination. what do you know that they don't show? >> it's certainly is uphill and it would take two-thirds of the votes for him to tie secretary clinton, but here's the thing, this is such an important conversation. bernie is mobilizing grassroots, exciting the base because of his clear vision that america is very much offtrack and has to change in substantial ways to address the challenges for working americans, and it needs to be possible for the citizens of oregon and kentucky and california and the dakotas and new jersey to weigh in and make their voices heard. if the party is going to come together, then it needs to respect everyone's opportunity to participate in the primaries, and these issues are going to continue to reverberate because, fient fundamentally, america is

off-track. >> woodruff: i'm sure, and i've heard you say -- well, as long as you have been supporting senator sanders, you said there is urgency to all this. you said we need big ideas. i'm sure that secretary clinton thinks she has big ideas, too, and she agrees there is urgey to all this. >> well she has somewhat criticized bernie for his big ideas, saying let's move in little pieces. we are blessed with two terrific candidates on the democratic side, and they have good hearts and good minds and we're going to unify going into the convention and then going into november, but it's bernie who's saying small changes don't address the fax that nine out of ten americans have not participated in the growing prosperity of america over the last four decades, that huge amounts of campaign cash are unacceptable and we must radically change the corruption that has been enabled by citizens gliewntd our campaign system. it's bernie who came out and said, keep it in the browned bill is essential.

we have to keep doing contracts to sell off fossil fuels that you and i own. our citizen fossil fuels can no longer be leased for pennies on the acre. to lead the world, we have to change direction and quickly to address this threat to our planet. >> woodruff: well, how far, though, does senator sanders want to push this? you know more democrats are saying the longer he stays in the more it hurts secretary clinton's chances in the fall. >> they're completely wrong. it's bernie's campaign generating the grassroots network and the the passion. that network will be important to the victor in the democratic primary. it's why everyone has to respect the offer side. after a week from tuesday when virtually every state will have weighed in, we will see a parallel to eight yearsing ago. it is june 7 or 8 that then senator clinton said i understand that i am not going to win this, we need to start bringing the two sides together, and they worked on doing that to

set the stage for the convention. and i anticipate, i can't speak directly for the bernie campaign on this, but i anticipate something similar, should secretary clinton have the majority of pledge del cats a week from tuesday. >> you're saying you expect senator sanders to work with senator clinton by the end of these primaries? >> yes, by the end of eight days from now, and it isn't that they will instantly come together. there is a negotiation that needs to take place. people who are part of the bernie sanders camp, should clinton prevail, are going to need to know that she has heard them, listened to them, understands their frustration and shares in their desire to make substantial changes in the direction our nation is going. >> and what does he do about those voters who have supported him, letelling pollsters, they're going to look at donald trump in november. >> he can be the single most important voice in that regard, helping to bring folks together

if he is not the nominee. >> what do you mean? ell, if he does not win the nosm nation, those folks who have been supporting him are going to turn to him to see his insight on the partnership that's being crafted with secretary clinton's team, and for him to vouch for that partnership would be the most essential element in bringing the two sides together. there are others of us who will work very hard to bring the two sides together, but the responsibility first and foremost will come with secretary clinton and with senator sanders. >> are you confident that they can come together before the convention? >> i am, because i know that from the very beginning, bernie sanders has said if he's not the nominee, he's going to make absolutely sure we don't end up with the situation like we did with ralph nader, where, essentially, we handed over an election to a republican, a republican who put our nation way off track. the nation can't afford that, and certainly all the goals that

senator sanders has for improving our nation will not be served by that outcome. >> senator jeff merkley of oregon, we thank you. >> you're welcome and thank you. now we turn >> woodruff: and now we turn to kentucky. congressman john yarmuth is backing hillary clinton. he's the lone democrat in the blue grass state's congressional delegation. >> woodruff: congressman yarmouth, good to see you. thank you for being with us. >> good to be with you. >> woodruff: i don't know if you heard senator merkley say, yes, it looks like senator sanders will be able to sit down and work with secretary clinton if she has the first delegates after the end of these primaries, but also said senator sanders is going to fight for every vote he can until the end of this primary process. >> yeah, well, i think that's fine. i think ultimately the real critical factor will be what they do after it is clear that secretary clinton will be the nominee and has won enough

delegates. i don't really worry too much about the campaign rhetoric. i mean, nobody has said meaner things about a candidate in their own party than republicans have done, and now they seem to be doing some kind of a marital ritual going on now. so i think ultimately what happens after hillary reaches that threshold of delegates is the most important thing. and then it will -- i think it will be truly up to bernie sanders to prove that this whole thing with the democratic party wasn't just a charade, that he actually wants to see democratic values advanced in the fall. >> well, you say it's up to senator sanders. we just heard senator merkley say it's going to be up to secretary clinton to show that she cares about these issues, like big money in american politics, like too many americans not benefiting from the economic growth we've seen. >> you know, i was with her five hours yesterday in louisville.

that's all she talked about. i think there is no question that she has met that test. she is clearly concerned about economic parody in the workplace, about minimizing the income and wealth gap in this country, she has detailed policies on things like workplace fairness, paid medical leave, early childhood education, all the free community college education, debt-free college education. these are things that are clearly on her platform and she talks about them every day. i don't think there is going to be much distance between hillary clinton and bernie sanders once the rhetoric stopped. >> woodruff: what does secretary clinton node need to do to appeal to the voters she's struggling to win a majority of, the millennials, younger voters? it's remarkable when you look at the exit polls of voters in the last few states that have held

their primary votes, west virginia, indiana, wisconsin, new york, the percentage of voters who say they don't consider secretary clinton trustworthy, what does she need to do to turn that around? >> well, she just needs to keep speaking frankly about her record, about the things that she cares about, and ultimately, you know, we've got so much noise in this campaign and i think the people who are listening to bernie sanders aren't listening to much else, just like the people who are listening to donald trump aren't listening to much else. once it's a one-on-one race, you have the comparison of somebody who has basically double crossed everybody he's come in contact with during his business career, and you have somebody who has worked steadily for four decades, now, to help the middle class and to help people get into the middle class. i think the choice will be very, very clear for all those people who are now so enthusiastic about bernie. >> woodruff: don't you still

have a considerable amount of repair work to do between secretary clinton and senator sanders? i read today a release from the senator 's press office saying we call on secretary clinton to some distorting the truth about senator sanders' record on supporting the automakers, people who work in the auto industry. >> well, again, this is the normal campaign rhetoric, and i think every candidate on both sides of the partisan divide are guilty of some exaggeration and stretching voting records and characterizing the other opponent. that's going to happen, but again, the proof will be, one on one, and bernie sanders faces that choice, and his supporters do, of whether hillary clinton or donald trump will be a better commandecommander-in-chief, wila better leader for working americans. i don't think there is any question who they will be for. >> woodruff: quickly,

congressman, do you think secretary clinton will win your state tomorrow and do you think she can win it in the fall? >> i think she'll win it tomorrow. she's bone virtually every state where there is been a closed primary. in west virginia she carried the democrats who voted, 47% of the people there who voted in the democrat primary weren't democrats. kentucky democrats only can vote. she and her husband are very popular in kentucky, he carried it twice. i think she can make it competitively in the fall. it will be tough for a democratic candidate to win the votes or kentucky, but she promised me she's going to try and i will be there helping her. >> woodruff: congressman john yarmuth, good to see you. >> thanks, judy. >> woodruff: now, we break down the math and the movement for the democrats and republicans facing the reality of donald trump at the top of their ticket with our politics monday team: amy walter of the "cook political report" and tamara keith of npr.

and welcome back to both of you. it is monday. so amy walter, you just heard from senator merkley, congressman i can't rememberth. what is the -- yarmouth. what is the state of this democratic primary? >> there have been skirmishes in this race but there is not a big gaping wound here the democratic nominee specifically hillary clinton is going to have to heal. and we've talked about this before, but the real challenge for the democrats going forward, and i think you've pointed this out, too, is more generational than anything else, but that donald trump helps to generate enthusiasm where hillary clinton cannot. so where she may have trouble getting those young voters who have been turning out for bernie sanders is very hard to believe that those voters will go to donald trump and as a matter of fact what may be getting them out to vote is going to be donald trump, enthusiastically voting against him. >> woodruff: tam remarks you have been talking, i think, to the clinton people today. do they think it will be relatively easy to come together

with senator sanders when all of this is over? >> they are not entirely clear on that. senator sanders is, you know, doing the process that senator sanders needs to do to get to where he is comfortable and where he can get his voters come along. i think that if bernie sanders, the day after voting in washington, d.c., flipped a switch and said, i endorse hillary clinton, i don't know his supporters would buy it. so i think that bernie sanders is in a process and the clinton people are in some ways just watching it of figuring out how he moves forward. senator merkley talked about some of that. >> i think they have surrogates that can help do that, too. i totally agree with tamara that bernie sanders going out and saying to supporters, okay, it's time to support hillary clinton, i don't know they'd actually believe that. but now you're starting to see two of the most important people on the democratic side, president obama and senator elizabeth warren, both taking aim at donald trump, basically saying to democrats, even though

they haven't formally endorsed hillary clinton, you guys, it's time to get serious about the general election, we know who we're up against. it's donald trump, let's focus our attention on him, get away from the fighting and i think you will also see president obama playing a very big role in the november campaign. >> speaking of donald trump, tamara, today and over the weekend, there was a lot of reaction to several news stories about the presumptive republican nominee, the one we just heard in john i can' yang's report abs encounters with a number of different women in the past few decades, some he dated, some worked for him, some of them he knew in beauty contests. as we also saw, one of the women who was described as being critical of him in that "new york times" story is now saying she was taken out of context. where does this all come down? is he affected by this in a serious way? >> and i will say that in the time that you have been on the

air, donald trump has been on yet another tweet storm about this story. and on twitter, he just tweeted that the "new york times" interviewed 50 women and only used six of them and the six didn't fit their narrative. so donald trump is on a rail about this which is interesting. this article is not necessarily his biggest problem when it comes to female voters. he has a challenge with female voters as it is. there is a treasure trove for opposition researchers of interviews he has done over the years with howard stern, for instance, where he said some pretty crude things over the years, because that's the format of that show. so this is probably not the last time we are going to hear these kinds of things. >> is it a problem, amy, for him? >> you know, i ca -- you know, k the challenge now for democrats and anybody else who doesn't want to see donald trump elected

is voters are willing to forgive a certain amount about donald trump especially the donald trump of the '80s and '90s who was an entertainer, who was not running for president, and i think the challenge will be for them to focus on what his policies and positions mean for people as president rather than what he's done in his time in the '80s and '90s. i don't think it helps democrats to focus on that, just as i don't think it helps republicans to rehash the '90s and bill clinton and his problems with women. >> r. >> woodruff: but we know that a number of news media organizations, certainly "the washington post, said they are assigning a large number of reporters to look into donald trump's history. they said they're doing the same thing about hillary clinton. yet we're already seeing the difficulty in this -- i guess you would call it a relationship between the news media and donald trump's candidacy. it's already incredibly brickly.

brickly -brick --prickly. >> it's a challenge in the news media, one we haven't always met particularly well. donald trump, if you just want to focus on policy, he, at times, seems to be saying different things on the same policy and the same interview, and it presents a real challenge. but for him, that's totally -- that's part of his brand. donald trump's brand has been that he shoots from the hip, that he's the guy who says it like it is. and all of that fits for him. so i think the clinton campaign and democrats are going to have this challenge of how they figure out -- you know, calling him a flip-flopper isn't really doingoing to be a problem for dd trump. >> woodruff: it is a challenge. >> it is a big challenge. those of us in the media and in washington, we hear somebody talking about being flexible on issues, as tam says, they're a flip-flopper or don't have an

ideological core. and voters say, of course he's going to be flexible. if you're going to compromise and make deals, you have to be flexible around the edges. so, you know, going in and talking about donald trump's positions specifically are going to be difficult, which i think is why you're going to hear a lot about his judgment. is this the kind of person who has the judgment and temperament to do the job as president? and, look, they are going to talk about his relationships res with women and whale what it would mean -- and what it would mean in terms of his judgment and temperament going forward. >> woodruff: i'm just being told by our producer that trump campaign just announced he will be meeting with former secretary of state henry kissinger late there arlaterthis week. >> of course. >> woodruff: much more to talk about. finding an alternative in the republican party to donald trump, does either one of you say that will go anywhere, tam? >> i would like to say it

probably is not going anywhere. it's very late in the game. experts who have looked at this thing, the person looking at it from michael bloomberg, they felt they were late and it was months ago. >> if they wanted an alternative, it should have happened six to eight months ago. >> amy walter, tamera keith, thank you. >> you're welcome. >> sreenivasan: it was a busy day at the supreme court. the justices weighed in on a handful of cases, including what was supposed to be one of this term's blockbusters: a dispute pitting religious freedom against mandate to cover contraception under the affordable care act. but the eight justices failed to offer a definitive decision, sending the case back down to lower federal courts. president obama addressed the decision, and speculated there might have been a different outcome if the vacancy left by the late justice scalia had been

filled. he spoke with "buzzfeed news." >> women will still continue to be able to get contraception if they are getting health insurance and we are properly accommodating religious institutions who have objections to contraception. i won't speculate as to why they punted, but my suspicion is if we had nine supreme court justices instead of eight, there might have been a different outcome. >> sreenivasan: we breakdown the short-handed court and its rulings today, with chief washington correspondent for "the national law journal" and newshour regular, marcia coyle. marsha, we spoke about this when the justices asked for more information from everyone, trying to figure out a third way. so here was a decision without really a decision. >> well, actually, that third way was sort of an opening for the court. right after oral arguments, when it looked like the court was going to divide 4-4, they issued

a special order telling the parties, the government and the nonprofit employers, to brief their own suggested compromise, a compromise offered by the court it i itself. when the brief came barks hari, didn't look like there was a lot of room for compromise there. but there was enough that the court in its opinion today, which was an unsigned opinion read by the chief justice from the bench, the court said, look, it looks as though there's been movement on both sides here. let's give the parties the opportunity in the lower courts to develop it before we as the supreme court would get involved in it, and that's what they did. they said specifically they would not decide whether the government's plan in practice now to accommodate religious objections substantially burdened these employers' exercise of religion or whether the government had a compelling interest here or was choosing the least restrictive means to

achieve that interest, which is the test under the federal religious freedom restoration act. so they vacated the lower court decisions in the seven cases that they had before them, and then they also had an additional six cases that were awaiting the outcome in today's decision. they vacated the lower court rulings in those cases. overwhelmingly had been in favor of the government. basically, those federal appellate courts will be starting now from scratch to see if there really is an opening for a compromise here. >> so if you're starting over from scratch, doesn't that mean that they could come either back to the same conclusion or if you've got a number of courts, perhaps there will be a disagreement and then the merits of the case come back in front of the supreme court. >> absolutely. if either side with unhappy with the result, they can come back to the supreme court. in fact, there was a separate concurrence by justice sotomayor

joined by justice ginsburg in which they said the court is not ruling on the merits here so if the lower courts end up reaching the same legal results they did before, that's what happens, and then the next step will follow. but they also said that the nonprofit employers' suggestion that there should be contraceptive-only insurance policies was not workable. those policies did not exist, according to the government, and would not provide the seamless health insurance coverage that congress intended under the act. so those two justices, at least, have drawn a line in terms of what they might accept. >> let's talk about the second case that came out today was, again, another non-decision to kick it down. spoke owe, the online search engine and the type of results someone could get and if they have standing to sue for it. >> spokeo is an internet search

engine and had put online certain information about a man named tom robbins and that information was largely incorrect and he claimed that injured him in a number of ways including job prospects. he was looking for a new job at the time. credit information was wrong about him. he sued saying spokeo's procedural violations under the fair credit reporting act harmed him. the question before the court was basically can just saying that a violation of that act alone give you the legal right or standing to sue? and the court today sent the case back to the lower federal appellate courts saying basically what you sid here is you only did half the analysis for standing. you found that there was a particularized injury to mr. robbins, but the other half is it has to be a concrete injury. so spokeo will now get another

chance at defending itself. the standard is clear and tightened. on the other hand, the court gave something to mr. robbins saying some injuries aren't tangible, they can be intangible, and you can use that under this act. so i hav it was probably not a y satisfying decision to either side. and bigs business had watched this case closely because it felt that it's too easy to sue under the fair credit reporting act. another act, at least three other federal laws inchvolving consumers and they were hoping for a definitive answer today. >> does this narrow the scope, what is the threshold where somebody could bring a lawsuit? >> it tighterns it a little, but it's a narrow decision, and i think it's a narrow decision because the court, again, the striving to find consensus in these cases since it's missing a ninth justice. >> let's talk a bit about this. are we see ago pattern of 4 --

are we seeing a pattern of 4-4 decisions that would be different without the other justice. >> i think we're seeing different decisions without the 9th justice. i think the court is trying to avoid the 4-4 splits. the court detied the union case about fair share fees. they divided 4-4. they divided 4-4 in an equal opportunity act case earlier in the term. last week in a death penalty case the justices split 4-4 to block a lower federal court's order in alabama temporarily delaying the execution of an alabama death row inmate. we'll have to wait, now, hari, to see how the court resolves the remaining cases. there are still big cases with very difficult issues facing

them. >> marcia coyle, thanks. y pleasure, hari. >> sreenivasan: stay with us, coming up on the newshour: "black hole blues"-- recording the soundtrack of outer space. but first, in bosnia herzegovina, the country's reputedly-moderate ruling islamic community is cracking down on dozens of radical mosques. the head of that community is on guard after his life was threatened by extremists. the radical mosques will be shut down unless they come under the council's control. but there are doubts whether these small, mainly rural mosques pose the greatest threat in terms of radicalization. a former bosnian intelligence officer has told the newshour that western allies should be more concerned about the risk from a huge saudi-sponsored mosque in the capital, sarajevo.

special correspondent malcolm brabant reports. >> reporter: i'm in central bosnia, about 100 miles from the capital sarajevo. i'm heading up to a remote mountain village called osve which is a place where supposedly there are some supporters of the so called islamic state. there have been people who've gone from this village to fight in syria. some, reportedly, have been killed. and we're going to meet somebody who used to play rock and roll but is now labeled by the head of the islamic community in bosnia, as someone who is a terrorist. izet hadzic used to be lead guitarist in a band called black lady. after fighting in the bosnian war, he abandoned what he thought was a decadent lifestyle and sought peace in religion. he leads one of these so called radical mosques. while he's in dispute with the islamic establishment, he insists he's no terrorist.

>> ( translated ): where does it come from, to call us terrorists? it is because that people who look like us, have this beards, are doing such acts in the world. specifically isis and this cretin, baghdadi. >> reporter: two doors away from hadzic's small holding is the father of a young man killed in syria. next door is a family hadzic regards as extreme. bosnian intelligence officers are frequent visitors. hazdzic unequivocally condemns islamic state. >> ( translated ): you cannot call this jihad. to take a gun while someone is walking down the street with his family and begin to shoot. can you imagine soldier doing this? these people is equal to thinking of cowards. >> reporter: we had a polite but frosty reception in bocinje, a nearby village that was a stronghold of foreign mujahadeen during the bosnian war. we hoped to interview a man who returned from syria in 2014, but he didn't want to be filmed because of an impending court case.

his name is ibrahim delic. dozens of other bosnians now in syria are said to want to return because they are horrified by isis atrocities. crippled and radicalized during the bosnian war, delic recently talked to the balkan investigative reporting network. significantly, he criticized the free syrian army who are enemies of isis >> ( translated ): that free syrian army that is one scum army. sometimes they picked a girl, took her, raped a girl gave her back home, or they killed her. >> reporter: the flag in this video shot in syria is not that of islamic state. delic is telling a crowd to fight for islam. he insists he did not commit any crimes. >> ( translated ): when i saw that at the checkpoints they started to stop foreigners who came to fight when i saw free army soldiers taking guns away from them and killing them for the gun or for the little money they had. these foreign guys started to attack back and at that moment i knew that a big conflict among them is going to happen.

i asked some people to help get me back across the border >> reporter: this poor rural village contains several serb families, once the sworn enemies of islamists. but subsistence farmer milan petrovic insists he's happy to live here. >> ( translated ): to tell you the truth, they are our good neighbors. we have no problems. >> reporter: to get an assessment of the risk posed by radical islamists in bosnia we visited a murder scene. in truth, a mocked up murder scene used for training students at the department of criminology at sarajevo university. professor goran kovacevic, a serb, is an expert on islamic radicals and spent seven years as an agent with bosnian intelligence. >> they are not radicals as they are presented in the media. for example, you have in the united state amish groups behaving in a similar manner. >> reporter: the big difference is that the amish are avowed pacifists. the radicals are total opposites according to officials of

bosnia's islamic community. the organization claims it is trying to preserve moderate koranic principles practiced in bosnia since the country was conquered by the ottoman empire in the 15th century. international relations director razim colic says hardline mosques are the product of extreme foreign influence. >> as the passage of time, these people got radicalized, a number of them, they have been in contact with people outside bosnia herzegovina, because this is not from bosnia, this has been imported from somewhere else. >> reporter: since issuing an edict effectively outlawing the radical mosques, bosnia's muslim spiritual leader husein kavazovic seen here at an inauguration ceremony, has required additional security. >> they told when they come here they will slaughter him in the middle of sarajevo. so we are probably the first target because they take us as infidels.

>> reporter: but concerns have been raised about the huge saudi funded king fahd mosque. one of several that have changed not just sarajevo's skyline, but also, allegedly, the way of thinking. yet nominally, it's controlled by the bosnian islamic community. >> people should be worried about this mosque. the way they perceive us as lesser beings. they have a lot of money. it's the most radical mosque in the whole bosnia herzegovina. but it's under formal islamic community. it's not ever mentioned as part of the story about these illegal religious communities. that's the most radical. all those guys who performed some kind of terrorist activity in bosnia herzegovina were part of that mosque and nobody is mentioning that. >> reporter: certainly the king fahd mosque doesn't welcome scrutiny. we were some distance away because of a sign at the entrance banning filming. just a few moments after the call to prayer began. the police arrived. >> the king fahd guys were

calling because they saw us filming. so i said we are doing nothing wrong. what you can do, you can take our names and let us be. >> reporter: yesterday we were talking to the foreign relations guy in charge of the islamic council and we were told there's absolutely no problem they can be perfectly open about it so what's the problem? via text messages, we complained about our half hour encounter with the police to colic at the islamic community, who, despite his position had been unable to allow us to film inside the mosque. he dismissed our complaints and rejected the concerns of the former intelligence agent. >> i simply don't agree with the officer. >> reporter: so what is the message that is coming out those mosques then? >> i don't know the message that-- >> reporter: do you monitor the mosques? >> ( translated ): sorry. >> reporter: do you monitor the mosques to hear what they're saying? >> ( translated ): yes, yes. of course. >> reporter: how frequently do you do that?

>> on a daily basis because we have five times a day prayer there. three imams are there, so it's 15 times a day. >> reporter: late last month, margaret cormack, the piano playing u.s. ambassador hosted c.i.a. director john brennan when he made a surprise visit to sarajevo to discuss the country's counter terrorism efforts. ambassador cormack regards the bosnian islamic community as a crucial partner in the battle against radicalization. she had a clear message for muslim nations and their vested interests. >> we need these countries to allow bosnia and herzegovina to maintain its traditional moderate version of islam. >> reporter: but given the uncertainty about which muslims potentially pose the greatest risk, can she be certain that the u.s. and its allies are getting the right information from sarajevo? >> certainly all the u.s. security teams who either work inside of our embassy or who have visited from washington feel that we have a really positive, open information sharing with our colleagues, our counterparts in bosnia herzegovina. we don't have a sense that there are blockages on that.

what we have worked with them on is establishing better information sharing between the services in the country and i think we're making progress in that regard as well. >> reporter: analysts like dino abazovic, a specialist in conflict and its aftermath, are certain that poverty is also a precursor for radicalization. >> the number of people, particularly youngsters, younger generation are seeing no future for in the way of their prospects of employment, more than forty percent of bosnia population is officially unemployed. in that respect, i would say is the kind of circumstances that are fertilizing a fertile ground for different kind of radicalization. so anyone who neglects economic and social situation these people are living in i think is wrong. >> reporter: bosnia's enduring economic crisis requires members of the country's top rock band konvoj to take second jobs to support their music careers. they are advocates for the ideal of sarajevo as a multi cultural

city and are horrified by increasing international hostility towards muslims. >> it's pretty wow, what's happening in the world. >> i've been with these people all of my life. my best friend is a muslim, he was best man at my wedding, i was best man at his wedding. my parents told me not to divide people according to nationality or ethnicity. people here are normal. i think that's kind of media stuff that's pumping this situation in bosnia. >> reporter: international officials are convinced that bosnia's european westernized moderate muslims are the best possible bulwark against radicalization. but in a country awash with weapons left over from the war, the need for enhanced vigilance is paramount. for the pbs newshour, i'm malcolm brabant in sarajevo.

>> woodruff: it was big news in february when scientists announced they had at long last detected gravitational waves from space. albert einstein had predicted the existence of these waves in his general theory of relativity. but they're rather hard to see or, as we learn in our latest newshour bookshelf conversation, to hear. jeffrey brown has that. >> brown: the sound lasted about a fifth of a second, but it represented gravitational waves created by the collision of two black holes with the mass of about 62 of our suns, a billion light years away. "black hole blues and other songs from outer space" is a story of things extraordinarily small and hard-to-comprehend large, and of the human drama in discovering them. author janna levin is a physicist and astronomer at barnard college. she's also author of a novel, "a madman dreams of turing machines." so the blues were sort of in the

realm of metaphor here, but the idea is to hear the universe as far as aspects that we can't see. >> yeah, really what we know from the universe really does come from us from light. we have telescopes that span the range of light to take pictures of the sky, this is utterly different this is not a form of light, so when the black holes collided they were like mallets on a drum, they rang space time itself. >> brown: but you have to be able to hear them. >> right so, you have to record the shape of the drum. that's what this experiment did it record the shape of two black holes that collided 1.3 billion years ago. >> brown: so step back and explain to us as simply as you can what is a gravitational wave? and why is it important to our understanding of things? >> so a gravitational wave is really a ripple or a change in space and time itself. so if you were floating near these black holes you would literally be squeezed and stretched. and you would experience this squeezing and stretching, it emanates from this collision it

causes these ripples in space. it is kind of like fish swirling in a pond causing water waves. and then they emanate out, they travel at the speed of light, even though they are not light and they make it here to the earth. if you are floating near by you might even literally hear the wave because your ear could respond to the vibrations. >> brown: it might sound like the blues, or? >> brown: this is the drama behind the book. i mean it is interesting book, of course, but you are telling the science through the human drama. i mean, you've got some really incredible characters, three of them most of all who are at the beginning. tell us a little bit about them. >> so i really do think it was a climbing mount everest story, an adventure story, people like ray wise dreamed up this idea of how could you record the shape of space/time ringing? and later comes kip thorn, who is a brilliant theoretical astrophysicist and they kind of pulled resources. and eventually ron dreaver comes in and now after 50 years there are 800,000 people working on this campaign. >> brown: and they in a sense bet their careers.

>> yeah, there really wasn't at the time when people like ray and kip were dreaming about these things people were really unsure if black holes were real. and there was a lot of argument in the astrophysics community even about gravitational waves themselves if they were real. so they were doing this almost out of compulsion. it really is like climbing a mountain they really just couldn't stop. and the whole community was not in favor of this experiment. i think that is not as widely know when we celebrated the discovery that there were not a lot of people that were in favor of this machine. >> brown: in telling the story of the human drama, inevitably you get into jealousies, you get into failures and those kind of human dramas. but there is more to the story? >> yes, well, i think people don't appreciate that that's how science is done. people just think we come down with answers, as scientists we are full of answers. that's really now what it is like scientists are full of questions. sometimes the questions don't lead you to the answer and sometimes they do, and they lead you to this discovery. but, yes, there is human-- here is fighting along the way there is competition along the way. there are failures and successes and at the end of the climb some people made it to the summit and some people didn't.

>> brown: tell me about your own way into this. you've spent a lot of time on this you write about black holes. >> i've spent a lot of time thinking about black holes. so i work on pen and paper, it is very abstract, it is very solitary. and i originally wanted to write kind of an abstract treaties about black holes, but i got lost in this story because i became so enamored of the physicality of the experiment. i went out to the sights, these four kilometer long machines. >> brown: yeah, we should say ligo is the name of your observatory. >> ligo is the name of the two machines, that together form this network of observatories and i just couldn't believe they were pulling it off, and i loved going to the sights and watching people install the sights, and make this real. make it physical, metal and glass, you know. >> brown: that side of you that is a writer as well, you are a novelist so you like combining the storytelling of the science. >> right. so i'd be talking to ray wise, who was one of the original architects. and the way he spoke about some of his original ambitions and how he couldn't stop. even a month before the discovery, he said things to me like. if we don't discover black holes

this thing is a failure. and i became so caught up in that i realized that this could actually read like a novel. if you follow these characters you can not only understand the process of science, but the internal ambitions and the drives. >> brown: so you are doing this work for the book and in the meantime all this work is going on. and then there is this announcement that we all get in february, it was a shock that it came that quickly right? 2015, everyone said there is no way, it will be 2018 at the earliest. and then it struck and it caught everybody off guard. they actually weren't really ready to make the detections, they were actually still testing the machine and banging on it >> brown: and then? >> and then it struck. it came from 1.3 billion years ago. it struck louisiana, about 10 milliseconds later it crosses the continent, it hits washington state and rings that machine.

it is a spectacular detection. >> brown: let me ask you finally, kip thorn, one of the scientists behind all this, you quote him as saying, our ability to measure gravitational waves will "open a new window on the universe." so when you look at what comes from this give me a sense of what that means. >> so i remember when i was a young student listening to kip talk about this before ligo was even built. and just before 2000 and he always talked about a new window, and we liken it to maybe the first that anyone pointed a telescope to the sky, you know galileo was just looking at the moon. and saturn. he did not foresee that there were hundreds of billions of collections called galaxies, or quasars covered by black holes. these were things you couldn't foresee and i think what kip hopes and a lot of us hope is that the future will be so vast beyond what we've even imagined that there are dark sources out there that will ring these detectors, they will record the sounds of space and there will

be things we never even predicted before. >> brown: all right, the new book is "black hole blues." janet levin, thank you so much. >> sreenivasan: and finally tonight, our newshour shares: something that caught our eye that might be of interest to you, too. president obama honored 13 law enforcement officers at the white house today with the medal of valor. the award recognizes those who exhibited exceptional courage in the face of great danger to protect others. one by one, president obama bestowed the day's medals on those whose acts where not only brave, but instinctive. los angeles police officer donald thompson suffered first- and second-degree burns pulling an unconscious victim from a burning car. officers jason salas and robert sparks and captain raymond bottenfield ended a deadly shooting rampage at santa monica college. and philadelphia police sergeant robert wilson iii gave his life to protect innocent customers

and employees during a video store robbery. his wife accepted the medal on his behalf. but all 13, the president said, went above and beyond the call of duty. >> in all of these places in each of these moments, these officers were true to their oaths. to a person, each of these honorees acted without regard for their own safety. they stood up to dangerous individuals brandishing assault rifles, handguns and knives. each of them will tell you very humbly the same thing, they were just doing their jobs. they were doing what they had to do, what they were trained to do, like on any other day. we want you to know, we could not be prouder of you and we couldn't be prouder of your families for all the contributions that you make. >> sreenivasan: president obama signed a package of bills aimed at protecting and honoring public safety officers into law shortly before the ceremony. >> sreenivasan: and that's the newshour for tonight. on tuesday, we explore the

growing problem of harassment of muslim-american students in u.s. public schools. i'm hari sreenivasan >> woodruff: and i'm judy woodruff. join us online, and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and good night. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, technology, and improved economic performance and financial literacy in the 21st century. >> supported by the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation. committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful world. more information at macfound.org

>> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

this is "nightly business report" with tyler mathisen and sue herera. >> what monday blues? stocks kick off the week in rally mode. after going nowhere for a year, are new highs within reach? china's oil industry is now struggling. tonight, rare access to that nation's oil fields. you're hired. what some employers really think of your online degree. all that and more tonight on a special edition of "nightly business report" from chicago. for monday, may 16th. >> good everyone, welcome. we're broadcasting from the heart of chicago thanks to our friends at the studios of wttw. the big