captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight: >> mere words cannot give voice to such suffering. >> woodruff: making history as the first sitting u.s. president to visit hiroshima, president obama pays tribute to victims, and calls for an end to nuclear weapons. and it's friday. mark shields and david brooks take on a week full of news and politics as candidates level new attacks at each other. then, courtroom canines: how man's best friend is helping younger crime victims feel more at ease taking the stand. >> i couldn't be right there, where the mom is supposed to be, i couldn't hold my daughter and rub her back while she talked, you know, but he was, he was able to say you know what, i'm

not going to leave you. >> woodruff: all that and more, on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: ♪ ♪ moving our economy for 160 years. bnsf, the engine that connects us. >> fathom travel-- carnival corporation's small ship line. offering seven-day cruises to

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>> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: and friends of the newshour. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: president obama went today where none of his predecessors had gone, while in office: hiroshima, japan. he sought to navigate between honoring the victims, and standing by the u.s. atomic bombings that left 130,000 dead, and led to the end of world war two.

>> warner: the nuclear bomb that destroyed hiroshima on august 6, 1945 changed japan and the world forever. 70,000 people were killed instantly. by year's end, another 70,000 were dead from radiation poisoning. the city was flattened-- apart from a one domed building, now known as the "atomic bomb dome." it stands as a reminder of the first-ever atomic attack on a human population-- and as a symbol of peace. president obama solemnly paid his respects there today. and with japanese prime minister shinzo abe, he laid a wreath at the nearby hiroshima peace memorial. >> we stand here in the middle of this city and force ourselves to imagine the moment the bomb fell. we force ourselves to feel the dread of children confused by what they see. we listen to a silent cry.

>> warner: three days after hiroshima, a second atomic bomb killed 70,000 more in nagasaki. the u.s. did it to bring a quicker end to world war two. the president offered no apology today, but renewed his call for abolishing nuclear weapons. >> among those nations like my own that hold nuclear stockpiles, we must have the courage to escape the logic of fear, and pursue a world without them. we may not realize this goal in my lifetime but persistent effort can hold back the possibility of catastrophe. >> warner: in an emotional moment afterward, mr. obama greeted survivors of the hiroshima bombing. other survivors joined the crowds lining his motorcade route. fewer than 83,000 are left. >> ( translated ): i'm very happy to see him visiting here. he has sent out a message for peace in the past and today he is putting his words into practice.

>> ( translated ): it would have been much better if a u.s. presidents could have made the visit earlier. it took 71 years; i think it could have happened earlier. >> warner: a younger generation brought its own perspective to the visit. >> ( translated ): his visit to hiroshima means a lot, because it's a step forward from all the conciliatory rhetoric we have traded so far. >> warner: but there've also been protests in the day's leading up to the visit-- and demands for an apology. >> of course he will not apologize; simply because if he does, the u.s. cannot use the nuclear weapon again. i believe he's not apologizing here to leave the possibility to use nuclear weapons open for the future. >> warner: even before his election-- at a 2008 speech in berlin, germany-- mr. obama embraced the opposite goal. >> this is the moment when we must renew the goal of a world without nuclear weapons. >> warner: yet now the defense department is in the midst of a sweeping upgrade of its nuclear arsenal. the plan is to spend $1 trillion over the next three decades, on new nuclear submarines, bombers

and weapons themselves. for the pbs newshour, i'm margaret warner. >> woodruff: we'll look at the nuclear threat in the world today, after the news summary. the events at hiroshima came after major economic powers wrapped up a two-day "group of seven" summit in japan. in a warning aimed at china, the leaders opposed unilateral actions in the east and south china seas. instead, they called for peaceful resolutions to territorial disputes. beijing responded that the g-seven should stick to economic matters. there is word that iran is honoring all its major obligations, under the nuclear deal it signed with world powers last year. the "associated press" obtained the confidential assessment by the u.n.'s nuclear agency. it says tehran has now corrected a previous violation. under the deal, iran won relief from international sanctions in exchange for limits on its nuclear activities.

the u.s. presidential campaign was strictly a west coast affair today. all three candidates campaigned with an eye on the calendar-- and the date of june 7. lisa desjardins has our report. >> so i want to make a big play for california. should i? >> reporter: one day after clinching the g.o.p. nomination, donald trump kept up his push for the golden state. outside his fresno event, protesters kept up their push too. but elsewhere, trump gained new-- if lukewarm-- words of support from a former opponent, florida senator marco rubio. >> i don't want hillary clinton to be president. if there's something i can do to help that from happening, and it's helpful to the cause, i'd most certainly be honored to be considered for that. >> reporter: trump, too, is talking about hillary clinton. >> the inspector general-- who's a democrat-- did a big, big number on her. i don't know how she can continue to run, i'll be honest with you. how does she continue to run? do you think hillary looks presidential?

>> crowd: nooo! >> reporter: like trump, the two remaining spent their campaign day in voter-rich california, with polls showing a much tighter race, as the june 7 primary nears. bernie sanders went big, rallying with union workers on the san pedro waterfront. >> you and i are going to have to tell the billionaire class they cannot get it all. that this economy and government belong to all of us. it is an absurdity that you have multi-billionaires like sheldon adelson contributing large sums of money to another billionaire, like donald trump. >> reporter: hillary clinton met with community leaders in oakland, hitting again at trump's temperament. >> you know, i like to say, yes, we can use the white house as a bully pulpit. we don't want a bully in the white house. but we can use the bully pulpit to talk about issues and bring let's begin to cut across all the barriers-- the geographic

barriers and everything else that stands in the way. >> reporter: for now, what's standing in clinton's way is the number 73: as in, the remaining delegates she needs for the nomination. for the pbs newshour, i'm lisa desjardins. >> woodruff: eight automakers are recalling more than 12 million vehicles in the u.s.-- to replace the air bag inflators. the devices made by the japanese firm takata can explode with too much force. they have been linked to at least 11 deaths worldwide. the new recalls are part of an expanded campaign announced earlier this month. the u.n. refugee agency is urging hungary and serbia to help migrants now camping in desperate conditions. they're on the serbian side of the border, blocked from moving north by the fence that hungary put up last year. u.n. officials say some 300 migrants are living in tents there. they have no access to toilets or running water, and have to rely on aid groups for food.

nearly 40,000 verizon workers may be back on the job in the eastern u.s. next week-- with a new four-year contract. the company and its unions reached a tentative deal today to end a strike. land-line and cable employees walked off the job april 13, in nine eastern states and the district of columbia. in economic news, growth ran at annual rate of eight-tenths of a percent in the first quarter. that is relatively weak, but better than the initial estimate. and, federal reserve chairwoman janet yellen said today she expects another interest rate hike before long, if growth continues to improve. on wall street, the dow jones industrial average gained 45 points to close at 17,873. the nasdaq rose 31 points, and the s&p 500 added nine points. for the week, the dow and s&p 500 gained 2%.

the nasdaq rose 3%. still to come on the newshour: a look at the world's nuclear reality-- 70 years after the u.s. dropped the atomic bomb; one japanese man's quest to remember the 12 american p.o.w.'s killed at hiroshima; a top chef's solution to food waste, and much more. >> woodruff: we return to the president's visit to hiroshima with a look at his nuclear legacy and the ongoing threat from those weapons for that we turn to stephen rademaker, who was assistant secretary of state for arms control and non-proliferation during the george w. bush administration; and rachel bronson, who is the executive director and publisher of the bulletin of the atomic scientists, which focuses on

nuclear weapons and disarmament. and we welcome both of you to the program. so we did hear president obama today in japan repeating the goal that he laid out -- he first laid out when he came into office. he said the nations that hold nuclear stockpiles must have the courage to pursue a world without them. rachel bronson, how has the president done on that front? >> well, i think the president started off very strong. obviously, you mentioned his prague speech in 2009, but it's a strange bookmark to come out at the end of it today, towards the end of his administration. we've had enormous progress in the first part of his administration and much less in more recent years. so some big victories early on, i do think important agreements like new start and the iran deal, but then slower progress in the last few years. >> woodruff: how would you rate the president's progress on this, stephen rademaker? >> i would say the goals the

president set for himself in the prague speech were completely unrealistic, so it's not surprising having confronted reality during the course of his administration he's had to back down from the unrealistic aims. he dont's articulate the abolition of nuclear weapons as a goal, but in 2009 when i think he was sincere and he thought this was achievable, he said today he wants to abolish nuclear weapons in the way other politicians say they want to abolish poverty or eliminate drug addiction. it's an apirgs into something we understand is not going to be achieved anytime soon. >> woodruff: rachel bronson, what do you think the president should have done and what do you think his successor should be doing? >> well, i think what he likely needs to do at this point is we need, as a country, to kind of take a look at this massive modernization program that the president is undertaking. so in an effort to reduce the number of nuclear weapons around the world, he engaged with the

russians and signed an arms deal to help reduce what we had around -- exactly what he set out to do. but to get that he had to make a deal, which was that he was going to invest in the modernization of our nuclear arsenal, which he has done. but looking at that very hard, what it begins to look like is not just modernization, not just keeping those weapons safe, so that we don't rust our way to disarmament which would be very dangerous, but seems like we're actually building a new fleet, and the kinds of money, the budget has ballooned, so the e president is really going to have to take a hard look at how do we get back on pace to make sure that not only do we continue to decrease numbers but that our arsenal isn't becoming stronger, bigger, you know, more threatening. >> woodruff: stephen rademaker, how do you look at what the president should have done differently? >> well, if you accept the

fantasy we're about to abolish nuclear weapons, then, of course, spending a trillion dollars to modernize is a waste of money. the reality is, as the president recognized, we're not about to eliminate nuclear weapons. they're going to be around for a long time, so it is necessary to make the investments in modernization. i know this number $1 trillion gets thrown around. if you want to deceptively present any budget number, you won't give the one number, you will give the 3 30 year number because it's vastly larger. it worked out to 5% of the defense budget, what we spent in the cold war, it's veal tifl small. >> woodruff: rachel bronson, when you compare where the world is today with where we were 25 years ago at the end of the cold war, has there been progress made when it comes to nuclear weapons from your perspective or not? >> yeah, there certainly has been progress but just picking

up on where steve was, it is important to note the military itself is beginning to balk at the prayin -- at the price tag e beginning to say it has to come out of different pocket, not our budget. so they're balking to -- the costs are really escalating and it seems beyond our ability to afford and if we are affording, we won't do other things the military wants to do. there is a lot of concern what this is going to cost and at what cost to other kinds of tasks and other weapons that the u.s. might be want to be investing in. so i think i wanted to make that point. but in terms of where we are from the cold wax we have seen massive reductions and important reductions. we've also seen progress beginning to move highly enriched uranium, plutonium out of certain countries. the president has moved the needle positively in directions that have made the world safer, but, you know, this is a new world, and we're entering a new

world where more countries have nuclear weapons, we have to worry about non-state actors who try to get their hands on them. so in terms of a strategic threat, it's going down to some extent, but, you know, this is a new world, and we're in a very dangerous position. we moved the doomsday clock from thrive to three minutes to midnight a year ago and cet it at three minutes to midnight. we have deteriorating relations between the u.s. and russia and this modernization program is very concerning. >> woodruff: i want to get back to stephen rademaker. you can respond, i don't think the two of you r going to come together, but in determines of whether the world was safe than at the end of the cold war when the u.s. and soviet union were then armed to the teeth. >> i think we're at better place than at the end of the cold war, but let's be clear, there hasn't been much progress during the obama administration on the elimination of nuclear weapons.

i think rachel would agree. russia deploys 200 more nuclear weapons today than did when president obama took office. that's according to the official data declarations. china has recently started testing independently targetable reentry vehicles. it's deploying a mobile i.c.b.m. system. it just deployed within the last year the first operational submarine lawnable missile. to the chinese military is increasing. president obama obviously believes in it with all his heart but the rest of the world does not. he does not have a partner in moscow willing to join him in this enterprise. >> woodruff: a lot of big questions, and we wanted to take a look at it this day the president visited hiroshima. stephen rademaker, rachel bronson, thank you both. >> thank you. >> woodruff: now a different look at the aftermath of the hiroshima bombing, and a story rarely told. john yang has that. >> reporter: among the thousands

killed at hirosha were 12 american prisoners of war-- the crew of three planes shot down. today, president obama noted their deaths, as well as the quiet, diligent and four decades-long effort of one man, shigeaki mori, a survivor of the bombing, to memorialize the 12 americans. mori attended mr. obama's speech and the two men embraced. now, a new film called "paper lanterns" charts mori's quest as he sought permission from two of the families of the 12 p.o.w.'s to register their names for a memorial. here is a clip from the film, where ralph neal of kentucky and susan brissette archinski of massachusetts read the letters mori sent them seven years ago about their uncles. ♪ ♪ >> dear mrs. susan brissette archinski -- >> dear mr. ralp ralph neal. i hope this letter finds you well. my name is shigeaki mori, a

72-year-old b bomb survivor -- a bomb survivor and historian living in hiroshima. for a long time i have been reading about american soldiers killed by the atomic bomb. i have erected a memorial to their death. the 64th anniversary of the a-bomb is coming soon. on this day every year, memorial services are held in the peace park under the auspices of the hiroshima mayor. a stone room in the center of the senitaph, a main structure in the center of the park contains a list of the domestic and overseas victims of the a-bomb, including those american soldiers who happened to be in the city when the bomb exploded. this is my belief that names of all victims should be acknowledged equally regardless of their nationalities. >> to have one's name registered, however, an application needs to be filed by a member of the deceased's

family. >> i have so far contacted the bereaved of nine of the twelve americans killed by the bomb and submitted the applications to the city on their behalf. and now i am hoping to have the name of mr. ralph neal -- >> of mr. norman brisette included in this year's ceremony. >> i am so happy to have found you 20 years after i started my research. i look forward to hearing from you. sincerely yours, mr. mori. >> we are joined by barry frechette. thank you for joining us. first, i have the to tell you how moving and powerful this movie is. this is a story that certainly i wasn't aware of and i think a lot of people aren't aware of. how did it come to you and why did you want to tell this story? >> well, it came to me in a couple of ways. one is my great uncle, norman

brissette's best friend growing up in. my family we knew of it but as a kid growing up, it doesn't have the same impact. through family members, the brissette family made a book memorializing norman and had newspaper clippings. it made its way into my hands three and a half years ago and it has a picture of norman on the front and i was captured with the idea of a 19-year-old kid in hiroshima, so far away from home and witnessing something absolutely terrible. so i was captured by that. >> the movie builds to the final sequence. it takes place in the same park where president obama spoke this morning. the ceremony of the paper lanterns were -- families of the people who died in bombings set lanterns off into the river. was this the first tame mr. mori had gone? >> it was. we went with ralph to visit with

mr. mori the anniversary this past year and all of us were assuming he had been there before. you know what? we were there that morning and his wife said he had never gone, and it was really a shocker to us. then mon asking him and digging deeper, he didn't feel like he had family there, didn't have a right the go. but this time he did. he was with the neal family, with ralph neal and it became important for us to share that moment together and place lanterns in the water for the airmen and the memories. >> mr. mori was 8 years old, was in hiroshima, witnessed the attack, spent 40 years researching the american p.o.w.s. why was he doing this? >> at first, we thought he's a historian at heart so recovering facts and bringing them to light for a good reason was important, but digging in with him further

after three trips, i think he opened up to us. he was supposed to be in a school much, much closer to the epicenter and, for some reason, he was away. he was just moved out of the school. he would have been right where most of the american p.o.w.s died. for him, i think he felt a connection to them that they were lost and a long way from home and he felt like they were forgotten and it was important for him to kind of tell their story and at the very least make sure the relatives knew what happened to their loved ones, and that put them on this quest and brought us to this moment this morning. >> this morning when president obama spoarks you were up watching, you told me. >> the whole "paper lanterns" family are very well connected and a lot of tweets and messages and postings going on at the same time. >> what was going through your mind when you heard first the president mention mr. mori and when you first saw the two speak

and embrace? >> it's a moment we never thought would actually happen, and we have this special place in our heart for him because he's done so much and he's a very humble man. when that moment happened, it was likely like it was the spirits of everyone, the 12 americans, all of us were there with them, and there was a lot of crying and a lot of emotional moments, but it's something none of us will ever forget, seeing that, and i'm so happy it happened. >> the movie is called "paper lanterns," something people will never forget, barry frechette, thank you so much for being with us. >> thank you very much. >> woodruff: stay with us. coming up on the newshour: mark shields and david brooks analyze the week's news; and, how dogs are helping children who testify in court.

but first, roughly 70 billion pounds of food is wasted annually in the united states. the news hour's lisa desjardins is back from maternity leave, and she caught up this week with chef tom colicchio of tv's "top chef." he was on capitol hill to bring attention to the issue of food accountability, and to represent the group he co-founded, "food policy action." >> reporter: many folk in the food waste movement say that some 40% of our food grown in this country is unused or wasted. that's kind of a hard number to get your head around. >> well, actually, that's the real number, 40%. in fact, when i heard that number about two years ago, that's what really brought me to this issue. i was staggered by the amount of food that's being wasted. when you think about what you purchase at home, you can imagine throwing 40% in the garbage, and you think about how hard farmers work, and

everything that goes in. it's not just the food, it's all the resources that go into creating the food. so it's water, it's energy, it's people's work. >> reporter: you know, last year, npr and newshour teamed up; we went to the salinas valley in california. and there, we got these extraordinary pictures-- maybe not extraordinary to you-- but these pictures of dump trucks full of lettuce and spinach, cartons full of broccoli, that the producers were taking to the landfill, not consumers. but we also have a food culture in this country that promotes, and to some degree almost worships, beautiful food. and in your restaurants, you serve beautiful food. how do you change that culture to show americans that your food can be imperfect? >> i think you're hitting on something there.

>> when people think of wasted food, they think of something that is left on the plate. we're not talking about that. we're talking about food that is perfectly good, that is in a supermarket and is-- we can get there, but if we're looking at supermarkets that are throwing food out because it's slightly wilted or there's a blemish on it or it's slightly bruised, i think the average person looks at that and goes, there's nothing wrong with that. why are we throwing this away? but when you see those truckloads, i think you look at that and go, "we have to fix this problem." >> reporter: we saw this week the very first hearing from the house agriculture committee on food waste. this is a time when politicians are looking at polls that say the number one concern for voters is the economy. the number two concern is terrorism. how do you make politicians care about this? >> when you have 25% of recruits showing up to fight our wars, that are washing out because of obesity; when you have health care costs rising because of what we're eating-- that's costing us about $200 billion a year. so it actually does affect the economy and it does affect mission readiness. so you can actually equate food right back to these issues that are important. these economic issues, these issues of national security. >> reporter: a lot of our viewers would be surprised to know that there are almost no clear national guidelines for food labeling and date labeling. >> right, and that's part of the reason why we're here today-- we are supporting congresswoman pingree's bill, co-sponsored on the senate side by richard blumenthal, and it really

focuses on date labeling. right now we have sell-by dates, and the sell-by date doesn't mean that a gallon of milk is spoiled. it means that that is when the manufacturer wants you to sell by. typically it's still good many days past that and yet 80% of people will look at that and throw it out by the sell-by date. and so a ton of food is being wasted because food is being mislabeled and this bill will address that. reporter: i'm curious, of course, i'm a fan of "top chef." i'm curious, i always look in the back of the "top chef" shows, and you see these beautiful bins of fruits and vegetables and meats. what happens to foods on the show that's not used? >> we have a very hungry crew that eats well. ( laughs ) we really do. without giving too much away, we just had a challenge where there was a lot of really delicious barbeque pig left over and every little bit of it went to our crew. >> reporter: what tips do you have for people who want to change this in their own lives? >> yeah, so, i think on the consumer side, try to shop more frequently. if you're somebody who shops for your family once a week, you typically overbuy. don't ever shop hungry because you will definitely over purchase overbuy food. also what i try to do is on friday, that's when i clean out my refrigerator.

so i go in, go through all the vegetables all the scraps, i chop it up and it either goes into a soup or into a pasta. so i think it's something, when you start focusing on it, and you start looking at it-- people are so focused, they are so cost conscious when they're purchasing food and yet when they come home, they don't look at the price when they are throwing it away. so if you do that, that clean up friday-- i call it "clean up friday"-- that clean up friday, looking at the refrigerator and making something with that. i think that's what people can do. >> reporter: the "new york times" called you "citizen chef." tom colicchio, thank you for joining us. >> you're welcome. thank you. >> woodruff: and now to the analysis of shields and brooks. that's syndicated columnist mark shields and "new york times" columnist david brooks. welcome, gentlemen. so let's start with where the president was today, mark, at hiroshima. made a speech, did not apologize, but spoke of

something he said changed the world. >> and it did, and he reminded us of how serious. he spoke seriously. he is, at the core, i think, quite a serious man, and remined us -- reminded us of serious words on a serious subject. the president deals in that. it's a reminder in the sur moil and the silly -- turmoil and silliness of much of the campaign, that's what a president does. he addressed it, i thought, in serious fashion. >> woodruff: what did you make to have the president's remarks? >> i think it was a beautiful speech. it was about our human nature and the tendency to get into fights. it was interesting when he tied the children on the playground to the explosion. same sorts of territoriality and tribalism with bigger tools. it was a nice tool and characteristically barack obamaesque dose of realism.

i was glad he didn't apologize. i think that was right. he avoided of mentioning who started the war which was diplomatic. then, you know, as we heard earlier, he held out the hope of getting rid of nuclear weapons. i'm glad, as matter of policy, he hasn't done much about it. he's reduced nuclear stockpiles less than the two bush administrations did, and i think that's reflecting of the dangerousness of the world. to be honest, and this goes back to the cold war, i never got the whole reducing nuclear numbers thing entirely, whether we have 20,000 or 10,000 or 5,000, one is bad. so i never felt safer during the cold war when we reduced it from 20 to 10 because if we shoot one, that's bad. but a lot of people put a lot of energy into this. i've never seen the point of it, to be quite honest. >> in the proliferation, i think it was the sense of numbers and the direction they were trying to change in that. but by reducing the numbers, we went from having -- when dwight

eisenhower was elected, five to a million by the time he ended or the equivalent thereof. there is a limit, i guess, how much you have to destroy the world. >> woodruff: well, there was the long reach of politics while the president was in japan, he commented on donald trump. he said world leaders tell him they're rattled by some things donald trump is saying, david. donald trump responded, criticized the president, said he shouldn't have said that, but this all comes, david, as donald trump is figuring out his relationship with the republican party, he still doesn't have an endorsement from speaker ryan. h he criticized the republican governor of new mexico. where is he in his relationship with the republican party? >> people are getting in line in different degrees and normalizing donald trump as if he's a normal candidate, and a

lot of them will say, well, the supreme court is what matters and he'll pick a better supreme court. some make a good point, if david duke was a republican nominee, would you support david duke and say the supreme court is all that matters? in my mind a line has to be drawn in that you won't support a certain person, but a lot of republican are coming into view saying whatever, he's part of the time and marco rubio has slid into that. ryan and cruz are holdouts. ryan is, like, do i really have to marry henry viii? it's bad. cruz, it's personal, some of the things trump said on the campaign trail got legitimately into cruz's heart and he said i just can't go there, so there's a slowly seepage into the trump world with a few honorable holdouts. >> woodruff: how do you size up his relationship building

exercise. >> i agree with ted cruz. donald trump slanderous ted cruz's wife, liabled ted cruz's father as being potentially lee harvey oswald's assassination of the president of the united states, suggesting he was somehow a fellow traveler in that. this is a liable. you don't get over it. but at the same time, i may not be the sharpest knife in the drawer, but i cannot figure out any possible advantage to donald trump when he's got a problem with latinos and with women, to go into new mexico with the nation's only latina woman republican governor sits who has not said anything negative about him, who endorsed one of his opponents, but has not been an attack dog on donald trump, and absolutely goes after her and is abusive to her. i'm just saying, what is the advantage to this? i think this man may be addicted

to the roar of the grease paint and the sound of the crowd, or however it goes, smell of the crowd. those rallies bring out something in him, and h he just feels that he has to -- and it's all personal, judy. it's not a philosophical or political difference, it's all personal. >> there is an undercurrent here which has been going on. we've talked ant i do believe a large part of trump support comes out of economic distress and social dislocation, but there is always been an ethnic element to it and how much that plays a role in trump support is impossible to measure. his voters are not as poor as we used to say. their incomes are in the 90s. 90,000s. so they're not necessarily hurting. theri tend to think he's carried away by his addiction to insult and he just goes after people, but if there's a strategy, maybe it's to whip up every white person in america.

i want to mention the invocation of vincent foster's suicide which was another appalling moment. >> the clinton white house. , friend of hillary clinton back at the rose law firm and came to washington, whatever happened happened and he committed suicide, and just to invoke the conspiracy theories that still swirl around that is just -- you know, the mind boggles if we with respect used to it. >> i was going to say, yes, he was critical of governor martinez but what he had to say about hillary clinton, at one point he was holding his hands over his ears saying her scream, i can't stand it, called her low life and was saying does she look like a president. how does hillary clinton counter that? does she have a strategy for coming back at somebody who every day seems has a new line of attack? >> let me first of all recommend sheila anthony vince foster's sister had a beautiful piece today in "the washington post"

asking is there no limit to your shame, do you have no sense of embarrassment? after five investigating, the department of justice, the special counsel ken star concluded all without question vince foster committed suicide and donald trump is saying there is something fishy here. what hillary clinton has going for her is a secret weapon, called elizabeth warren. elizabeth warren gets under donald trump's skin and i think she's been the most effective adversary. i think she's done more to unit the democratic party than either hillary clinton or bernie sanders. he can't stay away from her. he is tweeting about her. you know, she had a line that absolutely drove him bats, in fact i wrote it down, because i knew it -- a man who cares about no one but himself, a small insecure money grub who are doesn't care about who gets hurt so long as he makes money out of

it? what kind of man is that? a man who will never be president. i think the fact she hasn't endorsed hillary, hasn't endorsed bernie, but it's interesting, i think hillary clinton's figured it out. hillary clinton was playing defense this week. >> but whether it's elizabeth warren or not, doesn't hillary clinton, david, need to come up with some approach that works, that is an effective comeback? >> i think she does, not that anybody else has managed to do this. set aside the email thing, she's just had a very bad week. if you looked at her communication style, she just can't do the christmas. trump for all his moral flaws is a marketing genius. you look at what he does. he picks a word and attaches it to a person. little marco, lyin' ted, crooked

hillary. it sticks and diminishes and has been super effective because he knows how to do that. she just comes, with oh, he's divisive. these are words that are not exciting people and her campaign style has gotten, if anything, i think a little more stagnant and more flat. so the tactic, it seems to me, is you do what elizabeth warren did, full-bore negativity, that kind of under the skin, or try to ridicule him and use humor. humor is not to hillary clinton's strongest point. >> woodruff: even without trump, hillary clinton has these other problems. david mentioned the e-mails. how much of a problem is that for hillary clinton, mark? meanwhile, bernie sanders is still out there competing hard in california, trying to debate trump, on again off again, looks like it's off. >> first of all, we found out they had not been candid, helpful or cooperative. they starting with secretary clinton and her staff with the

inspector general, the state department -- >> woodruff: on the email. said there were no rules broken, there were rules broken. you know, for a candidacy and a candidate who has suffered from perceived problems of lack of transparency and lack of candor, this was a compounded act of lack of candor and lack of transparency and forthrightness. so, yes, it's a problem. it's probably better it happened on memorial day than labor day or columbus day. but as far as california is concerned, we get conflicting reports that the race is tightened, 850,000 new voters sips the first of january, till the 31st of march. it should be a state she won against barack obama in 2008. it's a state with a large minority population of democrats which should be her strong suit. but, you know, i don't think there is any question that it's a horse race out there. don't -- the democrats should not get suicidal.

jimmy carter lost california primary in 1976. about to be nominated, eventually elected by 1.3 million votes to jerry brown. >> woodruff: what does bernie sanders want? >> he's rising. you go to the rallies, the numbers are swinging in his direction. he believes in a cause and a mission. it's also psychologically super hard especially when you're winner to walk away. i understand where he's going. he wants to change the country and party and it's working so why should he quit, frankly? >> woodruff: we'll see about california. ten more days. david brooks, mark shields, thank you both. >> woodruff: dogs have long been used in classrooms for children with special needs, as visitors in senior citizens' homes, and as comfort for patients in

hospitals. now, canine companions are being used to help crime victims cope with the aftermath of violence and abuse. special correspondent kathleen mccleery has our story. >> hey, you're here, too, you been busy in court, huh? >> reporter: in san bernardino, california, two black labradors are regulars in the district attorney's office. three-year-old dozer and 2.5- year-old lupe are among d.a. michael ramos's newest staff members, part of a special victims k-9 unit. last august, they were officially sworn in, paws on a california criminal law book. the dogs' job is to reduce fear and help some of the most vulnerable victims, many of them children, feel comfortable in court. >> they've never been in a courtroom, you know, in their lives, and add on top of that, they're going to have to discuss, and tell a jury about

how they were either physically abused, sexually abused, and have to relive those horrible moments in their lives. >> reporter: dozer was detailed to a case in juvenile court late last year. >> my daughters were victims of abuse. >> reporter: pearl curiel's daughters had to testify. >> i felt nervous, because the judge is like right there, and you just look up at the judge and you think, i'm going to freak out. >> i felt kind of scared, but once i saw dozer with me, i wasn't scared anymore. >> i couldn't be right there, where the mom is supposed to be, i couldn't hold my daughter and rub her back while she talked, you know, but he was, he was able to say, you know what, i'm not going to leave you, and i'm

going to sit right next to you, and you can pet me, and you can talk to me, you know. i don't know if they would have made it through without him. it's so silly, because it's just a dog, you know, he's, but he is a super hero, like for my girls, i know he is. >> reporter: dozer's handler, child advocate yesica cioli, believes the dog's support will have a long-term effect. >> whenever a victim gives their testimony, they feel empowered. so i think the girls getting up there, and telling their story, and telling what happened, is the first step, and then being able to overcome the situation, and become survivors. >> reporter: the other lab, lupe, was tasked with calming two young boys-- one allegedly abused by a relative. in april, the dog accompanied them on a mock run-through ahead of the actual trial. >> i had a rape case, a child that was raped from the time he was four to ten, and was all alone and couldn't tell anybody, and it was very difficult for

him to have to describe what he went through. the young victim was really nervous, really stressed, and lupe, our dog, picked up on it, and went up to them and nudged the young victim on the leg, the young victim started to pet the dog, relax, rubbing his ears, and lupe is on him, and he was able to relax, didn't have the anxiety, and he was able to tell what happened to him. >> reporter: the dogs have their own office. like the humans here, they work a nine-hour day, and then go home with their handlers. it cost about $80,000 to start up the facility dog program in san bernardino. that includes a specially equipped van with windows that roll down if the temperature inside gets too hot and water bowls that won't tip over. officials expect the dogs to remain on the job for about nine years. judges have to approve before the dogs can come to court.

the jury is told in advance that the dog will be here in the witness box, sight unseen. and defense attorneys are given the chance to object. do you ever hear that the dog might be able to create some sort of sympathy for the victim, is that a concern? >> you know, that was a concern. in fact, there have been briefs written, and motions written by attorneys, by district attorney's offices, when that issue comes up. once everybody gets comfortable with this whole new process, i don't think you're going to have that issue, because even the defense bar, all they want is the truth as well, and so do the courts. >> reporter: last year, dozer and lupe were deployed to the scene of the terrorist attacks in san bernardino, along with two english labrador retrievers. wally and giovanni had recently joined the f.b.i. as the bureau's first crisis response canines. they comforted victims and families, and even helped relieve stress when employees returned to work a month later. "assistance dogs of the west" in santa fe, new mexico breeds and trains the dogs.

they've placed 15 in judicial districts, and have at least eight more in the pipeline. they also provide dogs to individuals and organizations, but courthouse work is growing, says executive director linda milanesi. >> we realized that this was an area that was really exploring something new, that had the potential to reach a lot of people, and that was really making a new map in the world, in the judicial system. >> reporter: most courthouse dogs are labs and golden retrievers-- bred for good health and an even temperament. intensive training starts early with lots of hands on attention. professionals work with them one on one, often in public places. the dogs learn about 90 complex tasks. children ages 8-18 teach them commands, too. high school sophomore natalie longmire-kulis has been training dogs since she was nine. >> the dog learns patience, they also learn how to be touched in

different ways, because obviously nine-year-old hands are different from 18-year-old hands, and so they pet in different ways, and they cuddle in different ways, and their bodies are different, so it really just allows the dogs to get used to different body types, and different ways of handling. >> having the dogs being trained by students, one of the outcomes is they all learn to listen to little voices. >> reporter: jill felice founded assistance dogs of the west. she says the key to instilling calm and trust is simple science. >> dogs actually help us release oxytocin, which is the calming hormone, and the bonding hormone, and when you are able to have that hormone going through your body, as opposed to the stress hormone cortisol, it's much easier to tell your story. >> reporter: after nearly two years of study, the dogs move on. "love story" actress and animal lover ali macgraw presided over this year's commencement

ceremony celebrating twelve four-legged graduates. among them were f.b.i. dogs wally and giovanni, who flew in from washington for the festivities. and a labradoodle named zeus who is headed to veterans' court in albuquerque to work with vets with combat injuries. macgraw believes the courthouse dog program uses compassion to promote justice. >> i'm so moved, especially in this crazy, often negative sounding world that we, fear- driven, that we're in now, when i see that a few people can change the lives for the good of everybody involved, and i think it gives me hope. for the pbs newshour, i'm kathleen mccleery in santa fe, new mexico. >> woodruff: now, some very good news: after more than a month away, my partner gwen ifill will

be re-joining the newshour next week, and she'll be on pbs will be on tonight with her friday show, "washington week." welcome back, co-anchor, we missed you! >> ifill: thanks, judy. i'm thrilled to be back. on "washington week" tonight, we look at the up-sides, the down- sides and the challenges awaiting the three remaining candidates for president. plus, we assess the current president's long-awaited asia pivot. are putting you to work as soon as you're back next week. you're going to sit down with the president at a "newshour" town hall. >> we'll talk with people from elkhart, indiana, ask them questions they have for the president and we may have a few of our own. >> woodruff: can't wait. she's back! >> woodruff: on the newshour online today, four poets share their memories and perspective on hiroshima. all that and more is on our web site, www.pbs.org/newshour.

and on pbs newshour weekend, rural america, facing a shortage of lawyers. >> reporter: attorney kristen kochekian is spending her morning with the mayor of doland, south dakota-- discussing how, legally, the rural ranching community can address a local rat infestation and a dog wreaking havoc on the town. such legal counsel is hard to come by in doland and the nine surrounding communities in spink county. until last year, there were only two attorneys with private practices serving the county's 6,000 residents. >> south dakota has 66 counties; 64 of them have courthouses. they are not going to function without attorneys there. it's the same as a hospital with no nurses, nothing's going to happen. >> woodruff: before we go, we want to remember a longtime contributor to the newshour. producer and editor david wald died today. you didn't see him on camera, but he was a gentle and smart force behind-the-scenes on dozens of education stories. he worked closely with

correspondents john merrow and john tulenko for more than a decade. he recently joined the education week team producing reports for us as well. his wide-ranging coverage ran from the transformation of new orleans' schools, to the battle over common core, to a new jersey school providing relief after superstorm sandy. david was a great colleague and friend-- a producer who frequently came up with the best ideas, yet rarely took the credit. david wald was 61 years old. and that is the newshour for tonight. on monday, we'll be back with a look at the economic power of latinos in the u.s. i'm judy woodruff. have a great memorial day weekend. thank you, and good night. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by:

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this is "nightly business report" with tyler mathisen and sue herera. spring awakening. there's new evidence the economy is improving. and that's one of the reasons why the most powerful woman in america's economy just gave a big hint on interest rates. we have a deal. verizon and its almost 40,000 striking workers have agreed in principle to end the biggest labor strike in years. the doctor really said, there's nothing. there's no medical treatment at >> but ground-breaking surgery gave one mother hope. and her two children their sight. the third part of our "modern medicine" series tonight on "nightly business report" for friday good eveni