captioning sponsored by wnet >> desjardins: on this edition for sunday, july 10: mourning and remembrance, in dallas, as the city tries to move forward after the mass shooting attack on its police. british towns that voted to leave the european union may pay a high price for their choice. and the upcoming u.s. political conventions: why the rules matter so much. next on pbs newshour weekend. >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. judy and josh weston. the cheryl and philip milstein family. the john and helen glessner family trust. supporting trustworthy journalism that informs and inspires. sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. corporate funding is provided

by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we are your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. from the tisch wnet studios at lincoln center in new york, lisa desjardins. >> desjardins: hello and thanks for joining us. the police chief in dallas is convinced that mass shooter micah johnson was plotting additional attacks. chief david brown today pointed to weapons, explosive materials, and a journal found at johnson's home as well as letters the gunman wrote in his own blood on the walls of the parking garage where officers cornered and killed him early friday. in downtown dallas, a makeshift memorial outside police headquarters continues to grow, as people leave flowers, balloons, and stuffed animals in remembrance of the five officers

johnson killed on thursday. he also wounded seven officers and two civilians. johnson ambushed officers at a protest over two fatal police shootings in other cities last week, and this weekend, those cities saw large protests of their own. in st. paul, last night police used smoke and pepper spray to disperse some 200 people who were blocking a section of interstate 94. st. paul's police chief says two dozen officers were injured by rocks and bottles thrown during the demonstration. in baton rouge, last night, police arrested more than 100 demonstrators including a prominent black lives matter activist. in spain today, president obama condemned any violence against police. >> whenever those of us who are concerned about fairness in the criminal justice system attack police officers, you are doing a

disservice to the cause. >> desjardins: the president will visit dallas tuesday and speak at an interfaith memorial service. our own hari sreenivasan is in dallas and has more on the mood of the city. hari? it's far from business as usual in downtown dallas with several city blocks still closed off near the site of the shootings. but it's not just the businesses and tourists that are waiting to gek get back to normal. it is the rest of the city as even in this week of terrible grief, pastor michael waters tried to deliver the good news to his congregation at joy tabernacle a.m.e. church in south dallas today, including a prayer for dallas police. strengthened him arms to provide strength and support particularly to the dallas police waters was one of those protesters who gathered in the streets of downtown dallas on

thursday in the wake of two smartphone videos that shined a light, again, on the use of lethal police force. then, the pastor heard the gunshots. a man was firing over and over into the night, murdering five law enforcement officers and wounding seven others. >> to see lives taken so carelessly and brutally i think it still has broken our hearts. >> sreenivasan: the violence perpetrated by a lone, african- american gunman quickly put a focus on race. >> we are a nation that began to proclaim itself as post-racial, and recent years have shown us to be all but post-racial. >> sreenivasan: the dallas police department has received praise for its community policing approach, which has reduced the number of arrests and officer involved shootings and has decreased complaints about excessive use of force. but the pastor believes the city has a lot more work to do, especially to address poverty. >> i'd say mainly the concern is do you see beyond all of the

buildings and shiny things we have in our city, that there's a large subset-- in fact i would say at least half of the city-- that struggling day in and day out to make ends meet. >> sreenivasan: "dallas observer" columnist jim schutze has been chronicling and critiquing the city's rising poverty rate, which has risen by 40% since the year 2000. >> dallas has huge unresolved issues. we have the highest child poverty rate of any major city in the country. we're very, very segregated. you don't have to scratch too deep beneath the surface to find that. >> sreenivasan: we met schutze at dealey plaza, where president john f. kennedy was assassinated 53 years ago. we're standing here in a place that for better and for worse is part of dallas' identity. what happened from here, how did this city change? >> dallas was crazy before it happened, and the assassination

empowered legitimacy to more moderate elements. i think dallas achieved a lot of self control and grew up a lot after the assassination, and one hopes that this horrible event will have that same kind of cathartic effect. >> sreenivasan: a gadfly to city government, schutze says the violent situation downtown last week could have been worse. >> the forces of anger and injustice and resentment are out there, and they could ignite and this could have ignited it, and we were just lucky that it didn't. and i mean lucky again, that we have a smart police chief and an effective mayor, but still lucky. >> sreenivasan: mayor mike rawlings, whose police department has set a national example for reforms, knows police must do more to improve community relations, as evidenced by the gruesome video from st. paul, minnesota. that helped spark the dallas protests. the video from just a couple of

days ago, the woman reached out to social media to anyone that would listen, cause she didn't feel like the police were the ones she should call considering what was happening to her. >> those are very real fears, but if you just brand everybody with police, you fall guilty to the tyranny of the average versus looking at the bell curve of success and failure and work on those failures and really laud the successful. we've got to be able to support our police officers and protect civil rights at the same. >> sreenivasan: that's the same idea pastor waters hears in the phrase "black lives matter." >> saying black lives matter surely does not mean that blue lives don't matter. we value our police, and we're grateful for those who serve or community and give their lives

daily on behalf of freedom and justice. but we must say and we must know, that there is something wrong in society where a black man is killed in a police interaction every 28 hours, and it's for that cause that we're working to bring about a more peaceable future for us all. >> these things will not change overnight. in fact, they didn't get this way overnight but if we're committed and if each and every day we do our work, i believe we'll get closer to a solution than we were the day before. >> desjardins: hari sreenivasan reporting from dallas. thank you. president obama wrapped up his abbreviated visit to spain by meeting american military personnel stationed there. the president toured the u.s. naval station in rota, on the atlantic coast, where four u.s. navy ships that carry guided missiles are based in support of the nato alliance.

earlier, in madrid, the president met with spain's king felipe at the royal palace. obama is the first american president to visit spain in 15 years. in southern california, 2,000 people who fled their homes due to a brushfire are being allowed to return. a few hundred firefighters have fought the blaze in the foothills near santa clarita-- north of los angeles. high winds spread the flames across a square mile, consuming tinder and dry brush parched by the five-year drought. the fire is 20% contained and no longer threatening residences. its cause has not been determined. japan's prime minister shinzo abe has won a resounding victory in today's parliamentary elections. early results and exit polls showed abe's ruling coalition capturing the two-thirds majority in the upper house needed to change japan's constitution. abe wants to amend it to permit the japanese military to engage in combat operations overseas. the post-world war ii constitution limits the military

to self-defense and humanitarian roles. the controversial change also requires approval by japan's lower house and a majority of voters. to keep up with the events in dallas and the reaction across the country. follow our coverage online at pbs.org/newshour, and on snapchat at pbsnews. >> desjardins: for many parts of great britain, two weeks after the nation's june 23rd referendum, the cost of exiting the european union is coming into clearer view. although britain sends more money to the e.u. than it receives in return, about $9.5 billion more a year, economically depressed areas of the u.k. have benefited financially from e.u. membership. a prime example is cornwall, a fishing and agricultural region on the southwest coast of england. in tonight's signature segment, newshour special correspondent amy guttman went there to report on the realization of what brexit might really mean.

>> reporter: in spring and summer, tourists come to cornwall to visit the pretty ports that line this part of the southwest coast of england. it's a five-hour journey by car or train from london, and attracts people for the sea, the surf, and the food-- from fish'i n chips to the world famous clotted cream with scones and cornish pasties, a meat and potato-stuffed pastry. 500,000 people live in newlyn and the other towns that make up the county of cornwall. 56.5% of them voted last month to leave the european union. which was a bit surprising, considering this scenic way of life has recently been sustained by e.u. subsidies. cornwall relies on fishing, farming and tourism, all of them seasonal industries, at the mercy of the temperamental english weather. that's partly why the region has, for decades, been dependent on government support. because cornwall's economic output per capita is less than 75% of the e.u. average, it receives millions of dollars in

e.u. aid every year. cornwall has received around $90 million a year from the e.u. with another $660 million pledged through 2020. those funds are now in jeopardy. this is the bidding for today's catch in newlyn. all the hake, sole, haddock and other fish is sold in an hour, to be trucked to london and across the channel. fish wholesaler matthew stevens supplies top local and london restaurants. five generations of his family have fished off cornwall. his father established their fish merchant business in the 1930s. >> i love doing it. i'm not a sailor, mind. this is quite an exceptional trip for me to be on a boat. >> reporter: thank you. we're very grateful. stevens relies on a mostly eastern european staff, rather than cornish people, to filet and pack his fish. that's one reason he voted to remain in the e.u. >> i'd love to employ 80 cornishmen, you know, but come

on guys, where are you? you know, come to me. we've got work here. >> reporter: besides skilled workers, the e.u. has provided stevens money to help grow his business through a match-funding grant which gave him 45% of the money, about $460,000, needed to equip his factory and buy new machinery. in return, stevens was tasked with increasing revenue and the number of people he employed. >> i've been able to develop my business from a staff of five to almost 90 staff, multi-multi- million pound turnover business but i've been able to do that with the support of brussels, or the e.u. >> reporter: while stevens, now 70 years old, has prospered, many fishermen in cornwall are struggling. most voted to leave the e.u. saying its conservation quotas limit what they can catch and sell and are based on out of date scientific data. the quotas also require them to observe a "discard ban," which forces them to toss back into

the ocean any fish they catch above their quotas or else risk fines. >> we've got a really small share of the quota. >> reporter: 23-year-old fisherman bracken pearce says the quotas unfairly favor the french over the british, limiting the british fishermen to a lower percentage of the regulated fish. >> now we got 200 kilos of haddock per month. i could take my boat out in the first tow and in 4.5 hours i could catch that, and if we was abiding to the discard ban, i would have to bring my boat straight in and tie it up until the next month's boat was allocated and that would put the whole port out of business. >> reporter: once the u.k. exits the e.u., pearce is counting on continuing to sell his fish to wholesalers in europe. >> they bought our fish before-- the european union-- and they'll buy it afterwards. we all want what's best for our fishing industry, because it's what puts food on our table. >> reporter: as with its fishing community, there is division among cornwall's farmers, too. 38-year-old paul george is a third generation dairy farmer who voted to leave the e.u. >> i believe that our government will look after cornwall just as well as the e.u. has been

looking after it. >> reporter: george sells all his milk to a european cooperative called arla, which pays george 20% below the price of his production costs because global milk prices have been depressed for years. ironically, an e.u. subsidy helps him stay afloat. it's called the "single farm payment," which is paid to a farmer based on how much land he owns. george says the one size fits all approach isn't fair and that the subsidy should be based instead on how much farmers produce. >> i don't value the basic payment scheme in my business as highly as some other people. however, every little does count at the moment, and no, i wouldn't want to be without a support package. i think it's supporting the less efficient farmers more so than the more efficient farmers. >> reporter: rather than a handout, george is hoping milk prices may rise. >> the e.u. money is welcomed in any form, of course it's welcomed. i'm just saying to you now that i think the uk are going to

survive outside the e.u. >> farmer james hosking wishes the u.k. did not vote to leave. >> tunnels like this were put up with funding from the e.u. >> reporter: his great- grandfather set up fentongollan farm in 1893, where today he raises sheep and grows daffodils, broccoli, and other vegetables. just like fish wholesaler matthew stevens, hosking took advantage of an e.u. matching grant program to build and extend plant nurseries and upgrade equipment. after investing more than $200,000 of his own money, hosking received matching funds from the e.u. on the condition that he increase production and create five full time jobs. >> for several years, the amount of money we could afford to grow our business was actually being match funded by europe, so we were growing at twice the speed we would have been able to grow at without it. >> reporter: he created twenty new jobs, and increased plant production five times over. without e.u. money, hosking says his farm would be half the size. just as important as the grant for him has been the free migration of workers across

borders. >> today, there are probably about 30 people working here. there are sort of 15 of our local, if you like, cornish people here and then probably 15 or 20 eastern europeans here are the moment. i voted in. a lot of people here, now said well actually, i was doing it really as a protest. that we were not happy. >> all of us know the european union isn't perfect and needs reform. >> reporter: figuring out what comes next is part of sarah newton's job. she's a conservative member of parliament from cornwall who voted to remain in the e.u. beyond subsidies for the farmers and fisherman, e.u. money paid for new roads and rail line and high speed broadband internet service. in newton's constituency, the towns of truro and falmouth deviated from the rest of the county and voted to remain. there, e.u. funds helped create a yacht production facility, a performing arts center, and converted an old fishing wharf into an outpost for creative and technology businesses.

>> we're seeing investment and growth in the digital economy. businesses coming here because they can be based from here and work with people all over the world. >> reporter: shortly after cornish voters decided to leave the e.u., the county council sought assurances that e.u. funding would continue. so, what happens now with many of these e.u. funded businesses and projects? >> the money that's already been committed, people will receive. the big challenge now, is for me to make sure that the british government actually replace that money. >> reporter: do you think it's more than a little hypocritical that this region voted overwhelmingly to leave and the very next day there was an outcry from the cornish peoples, saying, 'ioh, but can we keep te money?' >> the whole idea of sovereignty was really important and that was more important than the money that cornwall receives. i personally felt rather disappointed with the leadership of cornwall council. >> reporter: despite being on the losing end of last month's

brexit vote, newton doesn't believe there should be a second referendum. >> now, the most important thing is to stabilize the british economy and negotiate the best possible relationship we can have with the european union. >> reporter: the frayed relationship worries garry barter, a 27 year old entrepreneur who returned to cornwall two years ago. he obtained a business degree in a program paid for by the e.u. at falmouth university, where many graduates are finding jobs in a developing local hub of internet-based companies. >> falmouth was almost a ghost town. there wasn't a lot going on there for the younger generation, and now actually, the whole town is thriving. >> reporter: barter co-founded hertzian, a business that uses artificial intelligence to analyze customer feedback, such as user reviews for mobile games. he now has five employees, but barter fears a brexit from the e.u. will weaken a magnet for young talent. >> the growth of the university has been fundamental to us being able to grow. by removing the e.u. funding, it

could really harm the new businesses in the area. >> reporter: once the e.u. funding drops, it will be up to the fishermen, farmers, and young entrepreneurs like garry barter to make the seeds of that investment grow. >> i think if the funding does dry up, and it's not replaced, then yes, i think we will have to look at relocating. we want to create the cornish jobs and also supplement them and bring new people to the area. >> desjardins: in just eight days, on july 18, the first of this summer's major party national conventions begins when republicans gather in cleveland. millions of americans will watch the pomp and circumstance and speeches, but before all that hits the airwaves, a critical-- and this year maybe even more dramatic-- battle begins: the behind-the-scenes fight over the rules. newshour special correspondent jeff greenfield takes a look at how this particular convention

process has mattered in the past. >> mr. chairman, the garden state, proudly casts all its votes for the next president of the united states, mitt romney! >> reporter: these are the convention moments that take center stage, choosing a nominee, the speech to the nation, the circus-like celebrations. >> you'd like us to first vote to reconsider the amendment, then you'd like us to retract the amendment. >> reporter: and this is the stuff of which glazed eyes are made-the committee meetings that shape the party's platform, approve convention rules, and fight over credentials for the delegates. but the fact is that what happens in those meetings often plays a critical role in what happens in arenas like this one, which has seen four conventions in recent years, and can also decide the future direction of a party. take the question of rules. if the forces opposed to donald trump have any hope of derailing the presumptive nominee, it would be through changes in the

convention rules-- rules that would free delegates from the requirement to vote on the first ballot for the candidate that got them to cleveland-- or rules that would require the nominee to win a 60% "supermajority" of delegate votes. and keep this in mind, if the republicans had the same rules as the democrats-with no "winner take all" primaries and with large numbers of" superdelegates"-- unelected party insiders free to vote as they chose-- trump right now would be hundreds of delegates shy of the nomination. rules played a crucial role in the last contested republican convention, 40 years ago. former california governor ronald reagan, challenging an incumbent president, gerald ford, for the nomination, was behind in delegates. so in a "hail mary" move, reagan broke precedent and announced his would-be running mate, pennsylvania senator richard schweiker, in order to attract moderates into his coalition. reagan then proposed a rule that would require all candidates to name their running mates. he hoped that any ford pick

would alienate enough delegates to deny the president a first ballot victory. the rule, known to political junkies as 16 c, narrowly failed. ford won the nomination by the smallest of margins, but lost in november to jimmy carter. four years later, it was the democrats' turn to end a fight with a rule. to keep senator ted kennedy from ppro passed the "bind and yank" rule: any delegate breaking his or her promise to the candidate pledged in the primaries could be pulled off the convention floor. when it passed, kennedy's insurgency died. in earlier times, the nomination sometimes came down to a fight over credentials: who would actually get to vote at the convention. at the 1952 republican convention, three states sent competing blocs of delegate-one group pledged to general dwight eisenhower, the other to senator robert taft of ohio. the convention machinery was wired for taft, but the

delegates gave the nod to ike's forces, and that's what won him the nomination. 20 years later, in 1972, it was the democrats turn to reject a credentials challenge to the winner-take-all california delegation of the frontrunner, senator george mcgovern, after an impassioned plea by california state assembly member willie brown: >> give me back my delegation! >> reporter: without those votes, mcgovern would have fallen short on the first ballot and probably would have lost the nomination. as for party platforms, you can measure how far apart the parties are today on social issues this way: the last republican platform said "the unborn child has a fundamental right to life which cannot be infringed." that language allows for no exceptions for an abortion. this year's proposed democratic platform says that every woman should have access to quality reproductive health care, including safe and legal abortion. that language allows for no restrictions at all. so when the parties meet in cleveland and philadelphia, keep a close eye on what their

platforms say, how the delegates are seated, what rules they will play by. those could turn out to be decisive factors in who winds up in the white house next january and in the years beyond. >> this is pbs newshour weekend, sunday. >> turning to sydney shonberg has died, he was known his reporting won a pulitzer prize and inspired the killing fields. , shonberg was 90 years old. part 1 starts in san francisco. and that's all for this edition of pbs newshour weekend. i'm lisa desjardins,ç good nig.

captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. judy and josh weston. the cheryl and philip milstein family. the john and helen glessner family trust. supporting trustworthy journalism that informs and inspires. sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we are your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. -♪ we never did too much talkin' anyway ♪

-next on "great performances..." -♪ don't think twice, it's all right ♪ -this has really been a trip so far. it'll be wonderful tonight. -for nearly 60 years, joan baez has been a music legend. so when it was time for her 75th birthday bash, some of her all-star friends joined the celebration. david crosby, emmylou harris, jackson browne, mavis staples, judy collins, paul simon, and many more. -♪ after changes, we are more or less the same ♪ [ cheers and applause ] ♪ sing lie-la-lie -join the party for one of folk music's icons next... -♪ forever young -...with the joan baez 75th birthday celebration. -♪ forever young