captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. >> ifill: and i'm gwen ifill. >> woodruff: we bring you the newshour tonight from the quicken loans arena in cleveland, ohio. site of the 2016 republican presidential convention. >> ifill: it's day two of the convention-- the theme of the night is jobs and the economy. and we'll explore donald trump's controversial plans on immigration. >> woodruff: plus part two in our biography series on trump digs into his real estate years. what does trump's business experience say about his brand of politics? >> he began "the apprentice," and that turned out to be terrific for him. it let him be in american living rooms every week, being the

boss. >> sreenivasan: and i'm hari sreenivasan in washington: our "desperate journey" series tackles the deadly plight of libyan refugees risking it all to escape brutality and slavery. >> it's very easy to say these people shouldn't come. but these people who say that, have never been in a position where they have to flee. >> ifill: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: ♪ love me tender >> we can like many, but we can love only a precious few, because it is for those precious few that you have to be willing to do so very much. you don't have to do it alone.

lincoln financial helps you provide for and protect your financial future because this is what you do for people you love. lincoln financial-- you're in charge. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> ifill: this is the night that

republicans formally nominate donald trump as their candidate for president. the official roll call of the states begins this hour-- but it was overshadowed all day today by uproar over melania trump's speech last night. correspondent john yang reports from cleveland on the events of day two. >> i am officially running for president of the united states, and we are going to make our country great again. >> reporter: 13 months ago, donald trump launched a long- shot campaign for the republican nomination. tonight, at quicken loans arena, the prize is his. campaign manager paul manafort. >> he's excited about the fact that his quest will finally come to an end. and all of you who doubted that he could be nominated will no longer be able to say, "yes, but maybe it won't happen." it will have happened. >> reporter: the convention is also nominating trump's vice

presidential running mate: indiana governor mike pence. >> this is no ordinary time in the life of our nation. the truth of the matter is, the agenda of barack obama and hillary clinton has weakened americas place in world and stifled our nation's economy. >> reporter: after the roll call, the convention gets down to the theme for the night-- "make america work again." a list of speakers will take aim at president obama's economic record, including house speaker paul ryan, and senate majority leader mitch mcconnell. both leaders have endorsed trump, even as they continue to criticize some of his rhetoric. the convention will also hear from one-time trump rivals ben carson and chris christie, now both campaign surrogates. away from the convention hall, protests continue, amid heavy security. here on cleveland's public square there's a lot of emotion, both for and against donald trump.

but it's mostly been peaceful. cleveland police report only a very small number of arrests-- all for minor issues. today, much of the focus was on last night's speech by melania trump. two passages were strikingly similar to the speech given by michelle obama at the democratic convention in 2008. >> my parents impressed on me the values that you work hard for what you want in life, that your word is your bond, and you do what you say, and keep your promise, that you treat people with respect. >> barack and i were raised with so many of the same values: you work hard for what you want in life; that your word is your bond and you do what you say you're going to do; that you treat people with dignity and respect. >> reporter: campaign manager manafort argued it's all been blown out of proportion.

>> we don't believe there's-- there's anything in that speech that doesn't reflect her thinking. the fact that there are things like "care" and "respect" and "compassion," you know, you know those are not extraordinary words. >> reporter: he suggested the criticism was prompted by democrat hillary clinton, and that she tries to "destroy" women who threaten her. clinton herself was campaigning in las vegas today. >> last night in cleveland was surreal. i kept thinking what's this like? you know, lots of sound and fury, even a fog machine, but when you pulled back the curtain, it was just donald trump with nothing to offer the american people. >> reporter: trump stayed largely out of sight today. he'll appear in the convention hall tonight by satellite from new york, introducing senator mcconnell. for the pbs newshour, i'm john yang in cleveland. >> woodruff: and we go down to the convention floor now. npr's "weekend edition sunday"

host rachel martin will be with us this week and next for our joint pbs newshour-npr coverage of the conventions. rachel, what can we expect tonight? >> reporter: it has all been building up to this moment for the republican party. after so many months, it all gets down to what is about to happen, which is the final roll call vote. donald trump's name has officially been placed into nomination. senator jeff sessions of alabama made that happen, and we are expecting the final roll call vote to happen momentarily when each state gets their moment. they send their representative to the microphone to declare their state's pick for president. that will put donald trump over the edge. 1237 is the magic number. we have been hearing about that number for months. new york state, his home state, is expected to send him over that threshold. you've heard how the trump campaign established a theme for every night. tonight is make america work again.

we're going to hear an awful lot about the economy and trade. donald trump made that a platform in his campaign speaking out against america's free trade agreements, we'll hear about that. we'll also hear from important establishment republicans, chris christie, mitch mcconnell who has been a reluctant supporter of donald trump and speaker of the house paul ryan, also a reluctant supporter of donald trump who has been critical of him even recently, as you can tell the excitement building in the hall, it will be up to those reps to try to -- republicans to pri this party together, a party which has been divided even coming up to the convention. >> ifill: we turn to the battle for the young voters-- an increasingly important demographic that both parties are relying on to win in november.

lisa desjardins reports from cleveland on why millenial voters have proved so difficult for republicans to capture in recent years. >> reporter: their generation is poised to become a major political force. this year millennials, the group between 18 and 35 years old, make up about a third of all eligible voters. that's now the same percentage as baby boomers. a recent harvard institute of politics poll found young voters prefer presumptive democratic presidential nominee hillary clinton by a nearly two-to-one margin over her opponent republican donald trump. >> we're really excited to show you around the r.n.c. this week. >> reporter: young republican delegates are thinking about how to change that. >> i think the republican party has an image with young people we need to work on, a number of things. >> reporter: jace from vermont is one of the youngest delegates and has a message to g.o.p. leaders about his generation.

>> the top three things to us is economy, we're pro-life and we want a more tolerant party to the lgbt community and other groups. >> reporter: social issues like lgbt rights are a key with younger voters. rachel hoff is an openly guy delegate from washington, d.c. >> a majority support marriage equality. 60% of the country supports marriage quality. >> reporter: hoff unsuccessfully fought to softton party platform. >> support for allowing same-sex marriage has grown substantially in our own party. >> reporter: instead it became more conservative. >> the folks who would like to deny same-sex marriage are overrepresented in the platform committee and in some ways that committee is out of step with the party as a whole but won't be long before the majority of the republican party as a whole supports marriage equality. >> reporter: donald trump sees

marriage as a state issue. but according to the delegate from florida, the party needs to re-think this. >> being a latino in the republican party isn't the easiest thing in this election cycle. continually railing on mexico and saying all the horrible things we say about them is not the type of message that resonates not only with mexicans but the latino population in total because they feel they're all being painted with one broad brush. >> reporter: republicans are focusing on social and digital media trying to reach young people on the playing field where they spend the most time but many say that's not enough. >> we're not visual enough -- >> reporter: frank is a republican pollster and believes the party has a messengering problem with young voters. >> they reject, frankly, republicans on social issues and democrats on economic issues, which is what makes them in play. >> reporter: it is the economic issues that make

30-year-old nick oaks a decided trump plan. >> immediately i saw a plan to bring back a manufacturing base to america. that's what the economy needs now. >> i think donald trump's message is resonating so well because it's not what a well-versed politician would say. >> reporter: william carter, an 18-year-old delegate from georgia, believes donald trump is precisely the right candidate for his generation. >> he doesn't jump around the issues. his avoidance of jumping around the issues and telling it like it is, i think that allows millennials to say he really understand what's going on and isn't afraid to say what he needs to get the point across. >> reporter: a major challenge for the party is how to get more young people on board during this and future elections. for the pbs "newshour", lisa desjardins in cleveland. >> woodruff: no >> woodruff: we turn our focus now to a major tenet of trump's domestic policy-- immigration. it's a subject that's split

republicans for years. george w. bush failed to pass reform, and there is a divide between what he advocated for and what's in trump's platform now. we get two views: republican congressman tom marino of pennsylvania, and daniel garza, executive director of the libre initiative, the largest conservative political group in the country. welcome to both of you. >> thank you. >> woodruff: congressman marino, what most people know about donald trump and immigration is he's going to build a huge wall that's going to run the length of the border with mexico and he's going to deport all 11 million illegal or undocumented immigrants. is that pretty much all there is? >> no, it's not all there is. you know, as far as deporting 11 million people, you've got to realize the numbers we're talking about. about half or not even half are on visas that have expired, and that's one good way we can address the issue.

call those people in, let's review it, where are you? what are you doing? that's going to have a factor on it. but do we need a wall between the united states and mexico? absolutely we need a wall. we see what's coming into the country. we see how open the borders are. that's the main point of a problem, but we need to have more security there, we need to be screening people. look, i was a u.s. attorney for years, and i worked with border patrol, i worked with the ice people, and i'm hearing now consistently that they can't detain people or stop people from coming in, and we need to be checking anyone coming in this country. we need to do a background check on everyone. i don't care what race they, are what country they come from, we have to be strong on border security. terrorists are coming into this country. look at the criminals that have come in and murdered people. >> ifill: let me give daniel garza a chance to respond. you're in a particularly unique

position, representing a latino conservative group, and 84% of hispanics are saying they're not so pleased with the republican party now. how do you bridge the gap between what the congressman is saying and you and your con stemp stitch wednesdayy. >> we'll continue to advance ideas, policies that will eliminate barriers to opportunity, increase educational opportunities to folks. it's no secret we have made public our opposition to donald trump's stated positions on immigration. we feel they are counterproductive, would interrupt our country and rip families apart. what we want to see is an alternative policy position that is more sensible, market-based and addresses market forces but also keeps families together. that's important for us because a lot of the children of the undocumented folks are citizens, and i think we should be working towards policies that induce family cohesion.

>> ifill:. >> woodruff: what do you think? >> there needs to be discussion and opened mindedness. what do you tell the people? i was at wearing in, in my state, where there were 35 people sworn in as american citizens. what do you tell those people who wait in line and have waited in line for years? they did it the legitimate way. they did it the legal way. there's no -- we cannot and we should not accept the fact that because they're here, that justifies the fact that we should violate the laws that we have in place, and it's unfair to anyone else who wants to come into this country legally. but we need to work together to do this. >> ifill: you talk about working together. unity has been a theme of this convention. daniel garza and congressman, i want you weigh in on this, how is it possible? >> consensus is what worries me about hillary clinton on the the issue of immigration.

she is promising latinos, if you vote for me, i will get you immigration reform. what she does not tell latinos is i'll give you immigration reform as long as i get everything i want. >> ifill: what about your party? >> you have a republican house and senate majority, you both have to come to the middle. that means donald trump has taken a harsh position or hillary clinton wrote a check that she can't cash and she knows it. >> ifill: where is the middle ground? >> we don't know at this point but individuals like you and donald trump and myself and others working on it, we need to sit down in the room, check the egos at the door, lock the door and say we're not coming out of here until we get this resolved. and to make promises. look, the democrats and hillary clinton are making -- are promising things they can't produce. they're pandering, and also what they're doing is you think they're really concerned about having new immigrants coming

into this country and become americans? no. because it's the greatest voter registration scam you would ever see. >> woodruff: what's the holdup, then? >> on the one side you have a fixed position of immediate citizenship. on the other side you have the concern of addressing market forces. we're saying if we cannot achieve the opt numb ideal situation of path to citizenship, what is the next best thing that's acceptable? for us individual sovereignty is important. a work vita that secures jobs and families and at least you're not disadvantaged by getting in back to have the line. >> ifill: is it securing borders which is the most important part or this idea of work? >> i don't want securing borders to hold up the other pieces. >> woodruff: what about that? i have many hard-working hispanics in my community. we should make it simple for

them to come in on a visa program. they work and pay taxes and send money back home. sometimes they go back home and come seasonally. my grandparents came into the country the legal way. but we have an issue here where both sides are not listening to each other. there are promises, pandering. the pandering is making it extremely difficult. donald trump says, yes, we need to review this process but -- >> the last thing that was similar to what donald trump is proposing is proposition 87. in 1990 republicans lost a governor position in california by six points, in 1994 by 46 points and 61 four years later. >> woodruff: why isn't that a lesson for donald trump? >> it's not. it's an example of how the democrats have been pandering to the hispanics about how to get into this country and not follow

the law. obama, bush and clinton should have dealt with these issues, and they haven't. >> ifill: i guess my question is, we're at the republican national convention, and i would like the hear how you're going to deal with these issues, not spending a lot of time talking about what the other guys are going to do. >> that's been my concern with the trump candidacy. we get a lot of rhetoric but never get specifics on issues like taxes and regulations on imminent domain and things that matter to latinos, the economy, education, healthcare in the country, i want the specifics so i can have the certainty of who i'm voting for. >> ifill: a final word. we talk about specifics. we can't do comprehensive, this is too complicated. we sit down and list the most important issues from one to ten and tick them off one by one and by the time we get to ten, we're going to have the problem

resolved. >> woodruff: congressman tom marino, thank you, daniel garza. thank you both. >> ifill: thank you both very much. tonight, we continue our series exploring donald trump's life. his transformation from a borough kid in queens to a presidential contender who has taken the party by storm. in this second installment, we look at the rise of the trump brand-- the boom, the bankruptcies, and his celebrity re-emergence. long before his name became a household one, donald trump, fresh out of business school, was already drawn to manhattan's flashiest lights-- those on the great white way. >> he was always intrigued by performance, and the very first business activity he really got involved with was the production of a broadway play. >> ifill: that's author michael d'antonio. the play, which trump backed in 1970, was "paris is out." but the theatrical venture closed almost as quickly as it opened, so trump retreated to his roots.

>> when he eventually turned toward the family business in real estate in the early 1970s, he was determined to use celebrity to help build the business. and i think he understood that you could be a real estate developer in manhattan and also be famous. >> ifill: enter donald trump, the builder: cushioned against risk by his father's wealth and political connections, yet still longing for a piece of manhattan glamour. writer gwenda blair. >> when donald came to manhattan in the mid '70s, new york city was in terrible financial straits, on the verge of bankruptcy. the people who dealt with him in those early days said he just jumped through the phone. he was so competitive, so ambitious, so eager, that he just jumped into the spotlight. every possibility to get any kind of attention, he went for it. >> ifill: his first major project was the old commodore

hotel-- a crumbling eyesore in the heart of the city that sat abandoned next to grand central station. author timothy o'brien. >> he partnered on it with the pritzker family that owned the hyatt hotel chain. the grand hyatt was really donald trump coming onto the scene in new york, and donald trump first coming into the public eye. >> this was shiny, glass, lots of brass, stuck out in the middle of manhattan. and this began his whole career of exaggeration-- "truthful hyperbole," as he calls it-- in which everything he does is the best, the best of the best, the biggest of the biggest. >> ifill: before the project was even completed, "the new york times" was already branding trump "new york's number one real estate promoter," describing him in one profile as "tall, lean and blond," and resembling robert redford. he rapidly climbed new york's social ladder, becoming a regular in its most exclusive clubs, hobnobbing with movie

stars and models, like ivana zelnickova, whom he married in 1977. >> this was his ambition: to find just the right beautiful young woman who would fill out the picture of the successful man on the rise. he followed her back to canada, where she lived, and courted her pretty avidly, and before you know it, ivana is being presented with a prenuptial agreement that will set the parameters for her marriage to donald and her partnership with him. >> ifill: but controversy followed trump wherever he went, including public outcry over what was to become his signature property: fifth avenue's trump tower. the old building facade had historic limestone friezes that the metropolitan museum of art wanted to preserve, but that would've added time to the project. >> donald is a notoriously impatient person, and so in the

dead of night one night, he brought in a team of illegal polish migrant workers who sledgehammered the friezes into dust and took them down. so embedded in this triumph that is trump tower, is also this early warning sign that you have someone who doesn't really play well with the other children, and is willing to literally pound something into dust to get his own way. >> ifill: as banks continued to open their coffers with loans, he went on a shopping spree. >> he used this gigantic, free piggybank, essentially, to buy an airline, the trump shuttle, to buy a hotel, the plaza hotel, to buy a football team, the u.s.f.l. generals. and then when he goes into atlantic city, he ultimately acquires a whole string of casinos there, using borrowed money as well. >> ifill: those casinos, and many of his other businesses, closed one by one, often amid bankruptcy claims and unpaid debt.

in 1989, trump played a controversial role in one of the decade's most notorious crime cases, when five black teenagers were accused of attacking a white female jogger in central park. trump stirred what quickly became a boiling pot over criminal justice and race, weighing on in the pages of "the new york daily news." >> the case of the central park jogger he took out a full-page ad demanding that whoever did this should be sent to the death chamber. the kids who were arrested, and later exonerated, by the way. >> ifill: none of this slowed trump's rise. in fact, the new york tabloids thrived on his exploits, breathlessly tracking his marriages to ivana and marla maples, his divorces from both, and now, his third and current marriage to melania trump. then, in 2004... >> you're fired.

>> ifill: the trump brand found its ideal niche, in a wildly popular prime time program that celebrated everything he had come to represent. >> i'm looking for "the apprentice." >> ifill: wealth, celebrity, business success and toughness. >> he began "the apprentice," and that turned out to be terrific for him. it let him be in american living rooms every week, being the boss, being the guy in charge, being the guy who hires people and fires people. when he first started that, was he thinking, "ah-ha, straight off to the white house?" we can't say. but certainly, ten years in, that whole decade of people seeing him as the boss, as the c.e.o., has certainly made the idea of his moving into the oval office seem a matter of course. >> ifill: from the corner office to the oval office suddenly didn't seem that far a leap. >> woodruff: and happening now

on the convention floor, the delegates are taking roll call state by state and casting their votes to formally nominate donald trump as the republican candidate for president. >> we heard mild boos, what are they? >> the cracks in the republican surface coming to bear. some of the states have divided delegations, judy and dwen, and some are voting not majority for trump. other delegations say they're not able to cast their votes the way they want. you might have a delegation where the primary went overwhelmingly for donald trump but a delegate in their own heart says i don't want support donald trump and they're trying to vote a different way. so that fracture is coming to surface as some of these delegates are trying to object to the way this roll call is being handled. i'll have to say, even though the boos were allowed, it's a minority to have the delegates

but very significant. >> woodruff: lisa, i was reading a little bit of noise from ohio and a little from colorado. we can explore that as the night goes on, but right now we want to bring in our regulars joining us every night at the convention. mark shields who is a syndicated columnist and also with the "newshour", david brooks with the niesms, amy walter of the "cook political report." we're waiting for crump to be nominated but today has been consumed with a lot of conversation about what his wife said in her speech last night and whether there was any similar later with the speech given by michelle obama in 2008. david, is this something that is going to put a blemish on the whole affair? >> yeah, i think so. it was plagiarism. i thought that was pretty clear. i think it says a couple of things -- first, the staff is not that good. this is an outsider campaign, they haven't hired the professionals, and that showed.

whoever did it, it was a big messup no professional would do. second, they couldn't admit it and say we messed up, we're fy'ing somebody and admit it, we're moving on, because that's not donald trump's persona. third, i have a feeling if the shoe was left to drop, donald trump is wanting to defend his wife's honor, getting mad because people are attacking his family and some time he will rif on this, might be thursday in the hall or somewhere else, but there will be a mini bomb when donald trump reacts. >> ifill: we were talking about missed opportunities on the opening day of the convention. is this another one, amy? >> absolutely. we talked yesterday about the unity and talking to -- and are talking to lisa desjardins now about is this party unified. we're having an instance where the campaign isn't even unified. part of the problem with the speech and the reaction to the speech was that the campaign started pointing fingers at each

other and it became a circular firing squad. this is the thing that david is talking about, in professional campaigns, this is not supposed to happen, so it is one more example of a campaign that is yet to stay on message. they're going to get their take two on unity tonight, but they still have not nailed that down. >> woodruff: mark, how do you see this? >> what happens at conventions historically republican and democrat, nobody speaks a word that hasn't been vetted and revetted. it isn't spontaneous, you don't get up and chat. this should have been and it wasn't. this was the introduction of the candidate's wife who is not a public person, who made a positive contribution, who was quite appealing and turns out -- and said she had written the speech herself and it turns out that large segments and paragraphs borrowed directly from michelle obama's 2008 speech, and you're right, somebody has to go, but donald

trump has never admitted. he refused last week to admit it was a mistake to say that john mccain was not a hero. >> ifill: here we are the night of the big nomination when it's usually just our candidate is so fabulous there is nothing that could go wrong. instead, we have wild boos, we have people who feel they have been shut out of the process. is that where the party is now or are we looking at something that will blow over? >> that is the definition of the party now. it is not a if yo unified party. the only thing unifying the party, we heard it yesterday and tonight, is deep dislike of hillary clinton. take that away and on policy, strategy, direction for the country, this is a party that is literally splintered. >> woodruff: that raises the question, david, is that going to be enough? we heard over-the-top language about hillary clinton, she should be in prison and other tough words about her. is that going to be enough? >> to unify the party?

>> woodruff: yes. i don't think so. you have to remember how many people are not here. there are usually a lot of people at the republican conventions that are there every year and four years and you see them and get information from them e. the hallways are empty because the people are not here. secondly, the people are not in the hall. i had a delegate today who had his credentials ripped away. >> woodruff: why were his credentials taken away? >> well, he said some unfortunate things in the press, i guess. so that sort of thing is happening. then there is still a lot of people, you know, president bush apparently reportedly wondering whether he'll be the last republican president. that stuff is happening in the party. >> if they stop taking away people's credentials in the press, we'll keep an eye open. is there a way for the g.o.p. to reposition itself? we saw the governor of ohio is

worried about other races. is that the salvation? >> no, mitch mcconnell is here tonight who has spoken openly and not a man known for speaking openly about his serious problems with donald trump and donald trump's slurring of large groups of people and his insulting of his defeated opponents. that's what mitch mcconnell is all about is preserving the senate majority and hoping desperately for ticket-splitting to reimmerge. i think that -- i think the delegate thing is overstated, i have great respect for lisa, but the reality is delegates lost their standing and conventions lost their standing in 1972. that's when we went to direct primary election -- nomination of presidential candidates. donald trump won 3700. he is the commanding figure in

this party. someone can stand up and say i object, god bless them, but the reality is he really did win a compelling victory. you can get in a car in concord, new hampshire, and drive all the way to shreveport, louisiana and never go through a state donald trump didn't carry. >> woodruff: he may be a commanding figure but there are clearly elements of the party that are mott not happy about him being the face of the republican party. >> this will be the interesting thing to watch tonight. you not only have the senate majority leader but the speaker of the house and kevin mccarthy and they are all concerned about what happens to down ballot races, listening to how they are going to thread the needle as they've had to do throughout this campaign between supporting the ticket, wanting to support their nominee, making sure turnout doesn't go down but also as paul ryan talked about, allowing his members to "vote

their conscience." if they don't want to support the person on the top of the ticket, they don't have to if they they it will help them. >> ifill: every conversation with a republican in this booth, when asked about the issues, they've turned it back to hillary clinton. >> that seems to be the most persuasive argument that republicans in this room has, which is he may not be everything we want him to be and i may not have wanted to vote for him, but rereally cannot have hillary clinton. >> that's part of it. when you talk to a senator in the hallway here about trump, they want you to know they don't like him but they can't say it so they have this spotty language, a little squirmy thing -- (laughter) >> i want to see that again. a lot of trump delegates, they're party institutionalists and believe in the party and it would be hard for them to be

loyal to themselves and not be loyal to him. >> ifill: stay with us beginning 8:00 p.m. eastern time for a special coverage of the republican presidential convention in cleveland. we go back to hari in washington, d.c. to headquarters for the day's other news. >> sreenivasan: president obama spoke by phone today with turkish president recep tayyip erdogan. the u.s. justice and state departments are reviewing turkey's extradition request for fetullah gulen, the man the country says is responsible for the attempted coup last week. and in its aftermath the crackdown has only intensified, with thousands more civil servants suspended from their jobs today, in addition to the thousands already under detention. for more we're joined from istanbul by special correspondent marcia biggs. marsha, you're standing in front of a pro erdogan rally? >> yes, this is the last of protests of five days. you remember on friday night

when a coup was attempted, president erdogan called on the people to come to the streets to save democracy, he said to protect him and the government, and this is the fifth day. people have come in droves every day and this is by far the largest. i would say maybe 3,000 people are here tonight. the mood is one of nationalism, the turkish flags, a lot of saving the fatherland, which is very interesting that erdogan sent text messages to the citizens of turkey today saying please come back -- come down to the streets to save the fatherland and democracy and out they have come. public transportation has been free every day. i took the ferry and a tram today, paid no money, and that is to encourage people to come down into the streets. >> sreenivasan: tell me about the impact. is there an impact the people you talked to can feel about all these detentions and firings? >> the crackdown over the last couple of days has been brutal. as you mentioned, 30,000 suspensions of various

ministries, police and education, that's people who work in the prime minister's office, judges, prosecutors, 15,000, as you mentioned, members of the education ministry, 1,500 deans were asked to resign in addition to the 1,000 civilians arrested and 6,000 soldiers arrested. that's 60,000 people in this country affected by the crackdown whether it's being fired, being asked to resign, whether it's being detained. it's incredible. basically, the feeling i have gotten from people is just get a wait and see attitude. there is a lot of fear for anyone opposed to erdogan, of course. it was also announced today any media organization with any ties to fethullah gulen could lose their broadcasting rights, if they say anything that's critical of the government. there were a couple of arrests for people who put on social media criticisms of president erdogan. so there is a lot of fear, not among this crowd, of course, because they are here in support

of their president, but on the other side there's a lot of fear and not a lot of talk from what i've heard. just a lot of wait and see. >> sreenivasan: tell us about fethullah gulen, what his followers belief. >> fethullah gulen is known mostly for his network of schools in turkey. he and erdogan were closely allied until a couple of years ago when there was a bitter split over another case against rogue elements in the military and corrupt charges. he's a self-imposed exile in the united states, but members to have the police, education systems here in turkey are a product of his school. so odor wan supporters believe it is his followers that could create this network of conspiracy. >> sreenivasan: are the people mind you concerned about some of the nationalist rhetoric that's coming up right now? erdogan has said on tv in the past couple of days he wants to reinstitute the death penalty. that has cons fence queens if

turkey wants to be a poort to have the e.u. -- turkey wants to be a part of the e.u. >> in these crowds, tough same mood, you have people hanging and burning in effigy of gulen and shouting very inflamed rhetoric about bringing back the death penalty. so, no, i do not believe, from what i've seen, that the people are concerned about. this i'd say they are repeating it loudly. >> sreenivasan: marcia, thank you. >> thank you. >> sreenivasan: in other news: the white house released an open letter from president obama to the nation's law enforcement officers. in it, he again condemned attacks on police, and said, "we have your backs." he echoed that message today after a briefing with f.b.i. director james comey and attorney general loretta lynch, among others. >> i strong believe that there's no contradiction between us protecting our officers, honoring our officers, making sure they have all the tools

that they need to do their jobs safely, and building trust between police officers and departments, and the communities they serve. >> sreenivasan: administration officials are also under pressure to illuminate the white house in blue light to honor police officers. meanwhile, a policeman was killed in kansas city, kansas today. officials say he was gunned down as he approached possible suspects in an earlier shooting. there's word that american-led air strikes in northern syria killed scores of civilians today. opposition activists say at least 56 died in air raids aimed at islamic state forces. they pounded villages near the isis stronghold of manbij. in addition to the dead, dozens were wounded. a news agency linked to the militants said the death toll was closer to 160. isis claimed responsibility today for last night's rampage on a train in germany. the group posted video of the attacker-- an afghan refugee-- vowing to take revenge on "infidels". he was killed by police, near wuerzburg, after slashing passengers.

rohit kachroo of "independent television news," reports. he calls himself a soldier of the caliphate and promises attacks in every village and city and with a knife in his hand he says he's preparing for a suicide anything. it was a knife and axe he used to slash passengers on an intercity train last night shouting "got is great." >> we have some very badly injured people, five in total. >> reporter: yet, intelligence services concluded there was no evidence of direct contact between him and i.s. the interior minister said a text was found partly written in arabic characters, partly in latin characters, which indicates that this could be someone who was self-radicalized recently. a jihadist made in his bedroom, home alone, they thought, he

traveled to germany on his own and an i.s. flag found in his room. this was his home until a night ago, where he lived with other refugees. what counterterrorism officers are trying to understand is what happened inside this place and what happened afterwards. this attack has reignited old debates here about terrorism and migration. hundreds of thousands of people have made a similar journey as this attacker, only one has chosen his same path. >> sreenivasan: german officials say two of the five wounded victims have life-threatening injuries. back in this country, longtime fox news chair and c.e.o. roger ailes is reportedly on his way out-- in the face of sexual harassment claims. npr reports he's being ousted, and "the new york times" says buy-out talks are in the advanced stages. "the daily beast" says he'll get

at least a $40 million paycheck. former fox anchor gretchen carlson has sued ailes, alleging he made advanced and then fired her when she complained. ailes denies it. in economic news: the international monetary fund warned that britain's departure from the european union will cut into global growth this year and next. at the same time, it said the u.s. and chinese economies won't sustain much damage. and on wall street today: the dow jones industrial average gained 26 points to close at 18,559. but the nasdaq fell 19 points and the s&p 500 slipped three. the international organization for migration reported today that almost 3,000 migrants and refugees have drowned attempting to cross the mediterranean sea this year. most of these deaths have taken place on the route linking north africa with italy. and among those who've survived the sea voyage, an astonishing 92% of all migrants say they've experienced violence; 50% say they've been held against their will by militia or gangsters.

those figures come from surveys done by doctors without borders- - the international medical charity known by its french acronym, m.s.f. just today 2,500 more people have been rescued. special correspondent malcolm brabant is now aboard an m.s.f. rescue ship, "aquarius," and he filed this report from off the coast of libya. >> reporter: nearly four days after leaving sicily, the "aquarius" is on station in international waters, north east of the libyan capital tripoli, just outside that volatile country's territorial limits. after a recent surge of migrants, it's all quiet. but then from the bridge, they spot an overcrowded, flimsy rubber dingy limping towards italy. the "aquarius" launches its rigid inflatables or ribs as men on board a libyan fishing boat observe proceedings. one of the ribs is carrying life jackets to prevent drownings during the rescue. first mate, andreas tsigkanas. >> they started by distributing

the life jackets to the people in the boat. and as soon as the people wear lifejackets, they will start embarkation in one boat, around 18 people at a time. the other boat will stay there for safety and to calm the people down. >> boat number one. "aquarius." coming back with one eight persons. >> copy one eight. green light. over. >> reporter: every one of the 107 west african men is given a welcoming health check by m.s.f. veteran erna rijnierse. >> "bonjour, monsieur, comment ca va?" we want to see everyone in their eyes to see how they are feeling. if they are not dehydrated, if they're not having a fever. and i smell, if they don't smell of fuel. because the combination of fuel and salty water makes very nasty

burns, so if we smell fuel we put them under a shower straight away and give them clean clothes. mark, this gentleman smells of fuel. jacob. fuel. >> reporter: there is a vast difference between these migrants and those who crossed from turkey to greece. the greek arrivals usually had a mobile phone, some money, and a bag. the africans have nothing, apart from the clothes they're wearing. without exception, they've been stripped of possessions in libya. nurse jacob goldberg. >> they are often held against their will in places that are very cramped, they have things taken away from them. there are armed guards. any possessions they do have get taken away because they're not allowed to have anything on them. they don't have enough food to eat, or enough water to drink, enough clean water to drink. let alone the possibility to have personal effects or personal items. so by the time they get to us on the rubber boats, they've got nothing, they're hungry and they're thirsty and they're desperate. >> reporter: europe would categorize most of the africans

taking this journey as economic migrants because they originally left home with the intention of seeking greater prosperity. but once in libya, they became desperate to flee the country's lawlessness, false imprisonment, and what in some cases amounts to slavery, according to ruby pratka, of s.o.s. mediterranee, an n.g.o. whose personnel operates the rescue ribs. she says there is intense suffering for tens of thousands of these people. >> you have forced extra legal confinement, you have sexual assault. you have whippings. many, many, many of the people i've spoken to hear have said there's modern slavery in libya. they were systematically kidnapped and subjected to forced labor on farms, in houses, on building sites. they would work for long periods and then get a gun held to their head when they demanded a salary.

(speaking foreign language) >> reporter: below-decks, an advocacy specialist takes testimony from three young french speaking africans. m.s.f. has interviewed hundreds of people who have said that libyan gangs use kidnapping and torture as a way to extort money from the migrants families before forcing them into unseaworthy vessels. mohammed kamara, from ivory coast, says he was falsely imprisoned four times. >> ( translated ): the first prison i was banged up for at least three months, the second prison i've done at least six months, in the third i also did a bit of time, and then there was a fourth, but i can't go into it in much detail. libya is not a good country it's because i wanted to come out of libya that i'm here today. i had the opportunity and that's why i risked my life to be here today. >> reporter: relieved that they have been saved from the deep, his friend mustafa diaby has a message for those people back home who're contemplating following in their footsteps. >> ( translated ): i have a big

message. my message is to stay at home. and if you really want to come to europe, save the money and fly. otherwise, going through the desert and ending up in libya is bad advice, my friends. i even put it in my prayers. i don't want my own friends to take this road. it's extremely dangerous. when we crossed the desert, there were 24 passengers who didn't make it. >> reporter: at the stern, in the middle of the day, some of the vessel's muslim guests give thanks for their deliverance. their rescue by the "aquarius" guarantees them passage to italy, although they'll be starting their new life with nothing, except, most probably, a crippling debt to the smuggling gangs. they're heading to a europe that is reluctant to accept them, especially politicians who believe that humanitarian missions like this are helping the traffickers to profit. >> people don't make this journey for fun. people make this journey because they don't see any other way out.

and as long as that situation continues, people will continue to come. and we are here at sea because people die at sea. it's very easy to say these people shouldn't come. but these people who say that, have never been in a position where they have to flee. >> i don't think any rational person would decide to cross the mediterranean sea in a boat that i wouldn't even put on a nice calm lake back in canada if they felt they had any other safe alternative. if by calling us a taxi service, they acknowledge that we're pulling people out of the water who otherwise would have drowned, then we're happy to be a taxi service. >> reporter: after about three hours on board the "aquarius," the italian authorities who're controlling the operation in this part of the mediterranean, decide that the migrants should be transferred to a coastguard

vessel heading back to base. what these people didn't know was that the weather had been about to change for the worse when they were rescued by james mahoney and his colleagues. >> these guys were very lucky in the sense that rescue vessels were in the area. and if they'd left a little later, they may have been caught up in this weather, and the outcome of the operation would be a bit more uncertain. >> reporter: despite the risk of drowning, the number of people prepared to take a chance upon the waves has increased. so far this year, nearly a quarter of a million have made their way into europe, most of them using this extremely perilous route. but roughly one out of every 100 people has drowned. to date, the figures for 2016 show a 50% rise in deaths at sea over the same period last year. according to the international organization of migration, that's 3,000 deaths too many, and it says, europe has to do more to save lives.

>> "bon courage, monsieur." >> reporter: as this rather undramatic but successful operation reached its conclusion, there remained one last task-- to mark and puncture the thin rubber dinghy to show that its passengers were safe and to deny smugglers the chance of recycling the craft. fate had decreed that this marble colored shape would not mark yet another watery, mass grave. for the pbs newshour, i'm malcolm brabant off the libyan coast. >> sreenivasan: malcolm is still at sea with m.s.f., and will have more reporting for us in the coming days on rescues and recoveries in the mediterranean. that's it from washington for now. i'm hari sreenivasan. >> ifill: and from here in cleveland, that's the newshour for tonight. but stay with us. we'll be right back here at 8:00 p.m. eastern for live special coverage of the republican national convention. i'm gwen ifill. >> woodruff: and i'm judy woodruff. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and we'll see you back here soon.

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