captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> ifill: good evening. i'm gwen ifill. >> woodruff: and i'm judy woodruff. >> ifill: on the newshour tonight: >> if we can't figure out a way to turn that anger and frustration into action, we're not going to get better. >> ifill: i sit down with the mayor of baltimore, after a blistering federal review accuses the baltimore police of systemic racial bias. >> woodruff: also ahead this wednesday, controversy follows donald trump, and new questions emerge over whether the republican nominee has the temperament and character to be president of the united states. >> ifill: and a chilling account of abuse-- leaked documents reveal disturbing conditions for migrants held off australia's coast. >> woodruff: plus, what if your electronic devices could detect

your mood? companies are exploring the ways emotional recognition technology can help their users. >> i realized that we were spending so much time with our devices and our technology, yet it had absolutely no idea how we felt or what our mental state was. >> woodruff: all that and more, on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> ♪ love me tender ♪ love me true we can like many, but we can love only a precious few. because it is for those precious few that you have to be willing to do so very much. but you don't have to do it alone. lincoln financial helps you provide for and protect your financial future, because this

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>> woodruff: the presidential contest found donald trump trying to move on-- again-- from something he said a day earlier. hillary clinton, meanwhile, looked to capitalize on the furor. correspondent lisa desjardins has our report. >> reporter: amid talk of campaign resets, donald trump changed scenes today, trading his usual large rally for, first, a small roundtable of coal executives and workers in southwestern virginia, and later, a speech on jobs, especially mining jobs. >> the mines will be gone. the mines will be gone if she gets elected. >> reporter: that was trump on offense. but he's also on defense over these words from yesterday, about hillary clinton and gun rights. >> if she gets to pick her judges, nothing you can do folks. although the second amendment people, maybe there is. i don't know. >> reporter: trump told fox news he meant political action-- not violence. >> nobody in that room thought

anything other than what you just said. there can be no other interpretation, even reporters have told me. i mean, give me break. but the dishonest people. what it is, there is a tremendous power behind the second amendment. it's a political power and there are few things so powerful, i have to say, in terms of politics. >> reporter: others charged trump was indeed inciting violence. even house speaker paul ryan, celebrating his own primary victory last night, suggested the nominee explain. >> i heard about the second amendment quote. it sounds like just a joke gone bad. i hope he clears it up very quickly. you should never joke about something like that. >> reporter: hillary clinton, in des moines, iowa, slammed her opponent. >> words matter, my friends. yesterday, we witnessed the latest in a long line of casual comments from donald trump that cross the line. every single one of these incidents shows us that donald

trump simply does not have the temperament to be president and commander-in-chief of the united states. >> reporter: this, as the clinton campaign unveiled new republican endorsements today, and publicly launched a new official push called "together for america," to win over more republicans and independents. all that, as a new reuters survey shows more republican voters may be up for grabs. about one-fifth of registered republicans said they want trump to drop his presidential bid entirely. it's led to a new line from the democratic nominee. >> i am humbled and moved by the republicans willing to stand up and say that donald trump doesn't represent their values. >> reporter: but, clinton too faced criticism, over newly released emails from her time as secretary of state. they show staffers for the clinton foundation worked to gain favors and help for donors with some of her staff at the

state department. trump blasted his opponent over the issue. >> it's called pay-for-play. and some of these were really, really bad, and illegal. if that's true, it's illegal. you pay if you're getting things. >> reporter: with three months left in the election, the candidates are hitting hard and looking especially to big states. tomorrow, trump heads south to florida; clinton goes north to michigan. for the pbs newshour, i'm lisa desjardins. >> woodruff: we will turn to the debate swirling around trump and his temperament, later in the program. >> ifill: in the day's other news, u.s.-backed fighters in libya claimed they've captured islamic state headquarters, in the city of sirte. militias attacked isis positions in june, but the fighting had been stalemated for weeks. they finally broke through with the help of u.s. air strikes that began ten days ago. >> woodruff: in afghanistan, the government is sending more troops to a key southern province, in the face of major taliban gains.

insurgent fighters have surrounded lashkar gah, capital of helmand province, after weeks of intense fighting. newly deployed security forces arrived on the outskirts of the city today, to join the battle. the afghan units are getting air support from the u.s. >> ifill: a tragedy overnight in baghdad. officials say a dozen babies died in a fire that engulfed a hospital maternity ward. investigators said initial indications are the blaze was sparked by faulty electrical wiring. bereaved families gathered outside the hospital today, appealing for information and struggling to come to terms with their loss. >> ( translated ): i looked at the victims. i saw them charred. it was a horrible scene. it was very difficult for me to give birth to a child. i have had medical treatments to have a baby. after all these efforts i received a charred body. >> ifill: outrage over the fire is likely to add to pressure on iraq's government to upgrade deteriorating facilities.

>> woodruff: the brazilian senate formally voted today to put president dilma rousseff on trial. she was suspended in may for allegedly violating budget rules and spending funds without government approval. the trial will begin later this month, and if rousseff is convicted, she'll be expelled from office. >> ifill: and, at the summer olympics, an american cyclist won the gold medal in the women's time trial in road racing. kristin armstrong has now won that event for the third straight olympics. she turns 43 tomorrow. meanwhile, organizers stepped up security after someone pelted a media bus with rocks last night. two people were hurt. >> woodruff: more headaches today for delta airlines passengers, in the wake of monday's computer outage. more than 300 flights were canceled and hundreds more were delayed. that is on top of some 1,800 scrapped on monday and tuesday. >> ifill: on wall street today, the dow jones industrial average

lost 37 points to close at 18,495. the nasdaq fell nearly 21 points, and the s&p 500 slipped six. >> woodruff: and archeologists in bulgaria have found what is likely the world's oldest gold artifact. the tiny bead measures only about an eighth of an inch across, and dates to around 4,500 b.c. it was discovered in the country's south, at the site of one of europe's earliest urban settlements. still to come on the newshour: a scathing review of baltimore's police force; donald trump and hillary clinton-- are they fit to lead as president? creating a place in the world for people with autism, and much more. >> ifill: a bruising report released by the department of justice today spelled out a long

pattern of racial discrimination by the baltimore police department. the investigation was commissioned in may 2015, after the death of a black man, freddie gray, in the back of a police van. gray's death sparked city-wide protests and thrust baltimore to the forefront of a national reckoning on race and policing. the report examined police practices from 2010 to 2015. the numbers paint an unmistakable picture of policing disparities: baltimore is 63% african american, but blacks were charged with 91% of "discretionary offenses," and made up 82% of traffic stops. more than 40% of all pedestrian stops in the city came in two small predominantly african- american districts. one black man was stopped 30 times-- none resulted in any charges. the investigation also found police frequently used excessive force and escalated encounters. vanita gupta, who leads the

department of justice's civil rights division, announced the findings at a press conference with baltimore mayor stephanie rawlings-blake today. >> these violations have deeply eroded the trust between baltimore police department and the community it serves, trust that is essential to effective policing as well as to officer and public safety. the problems in baltimore didn't happen overnight or appear in a day. the pattern or practice we found results from longstanding systemic deficiencies in the baltimore police department. >> ifill: i spoke with mayor stephanie rawlings-blake at baltimore city hall this afternoon. mayor, thank you for joining us. the words used to describe this report have been astounding, shocking, amazing, i don't think i can overstate it. there have been other reports done. there have been other examinations. why are we just reaching this point now? >> i think woe are reaching this point because the city has leadership that is focused and determined on making meaningful

reforms. we've tried to improve the police department, the policing strategy, the relationships with the police, and the community. in the past under my administration, when i saw we were falling short, that's when i asked the department of justice to come in for a collaborative review to help us strengthen our community policing effort, and when i saw that that was insufficient, that's when i asked for the department of justice to do the patterns and practice investigation. what i heard from the department of justice is that they're clear that these are long-standing, systemic issues that pre-date me and some that pre-date my life that we have had in baltimore, but the difference today is that there is leadership in place that's determined to get it right because that's what the citizens of baltimore diserve. >> ifill: most people in this country know of what happened in baltimore because of the freddie gray case. the department of justice says this is not just about freddie

gray, but would these efforts be put into place without freddie gray? >> well, i can only speak to my track record, and before the tragic death of freddie gray and the unrest that followed, these reforms were underway. before the death of freddie gray, i was in a very lonely fight in annapolis, our state capital, to get reforms and fight for reforms for law enforcement officers to right something many people in the community felt was a barrier to the trust relationships that they believed were necessary for progress. they thought it was a barrier to hold officers accountable for wrongdoing. that fight happened before. the collaborative review happened before the death of freddie gray. >> ifill: let's step back from just your administration because what this report shows is something pretty pervasive that i'm not sure any report could fix. it's a pervasive attitude not only on the parts of police but

also on the part of the community. how does a report or even a negotiated settlement or a consent decree get to the bottom of those attitudes? >> i think it is going to be up to everyone in the community to say that we have to come to the table in a spirit of collaboration with mutual respect and roll up our sleeves and do the hard work of getting to better. we cannot afford to do what i've seen in too many parts of the country where people just, you know, returned to their corners, right, and just shout and they're angry and they're frustrated. if we can't figure out a way to turn that anger and frustration into action, we're not going to get better. >> if i am the black man who's been stopped 30 times for crossing the street by an officer in this police department, why should i believe any of that? >> you should believe it because

there is nothing about my administration that is trying to hide him or any of the problems that we have from the public. i am -- i have today and have always been about shining a light on our most pressing challenges so that we can be about the business of fixing them and of getting, you know, better and safer and stronger as a city. >> ifill: the police commissioner said today he's already fired six police officers in 2016. were they particularly connected to this? >> no, it's his ongoing efforts to hold officers accountable for their actions, and i'm grateful to have a police commissioner who's been through a practice of investigation and he understands the importance of holding officers accountable. he is side by side with me in these efforts to strengthen or to reform the law enforcement officers bill of rights to give him more authority to deal with

officers who have been found guilty of wrongdoing. >> ifill: were these specific fires, did they have to do with this ongoing investigation or are they separate? >> i would say separate, but it is a clear indication that the work of reform, the work of better transparency and holding officers accountable is ongoing. >> would you say that the retrofitting of police vans that you mentioned in your news conference which is that's how freddie gray died in the back of a police van, was that ongoing beforehand? >> changes in policy were being implemented but as far as the retrofitting and the cameras, i'm not tone deaf to what happened with the death of freddie gray. we knew that we needed to make changes with training, with equipment, with being ability hold officers accountable when it comes to transportation, and that's why these changes were made. >> ifill: in the end, what you agreed to today with the justice

department, i want to read it, an agreement which leads to framework for negotiations which to, once again someone in winchester the neighborhood where so many of these things happened, looks at that and says what does that mean and how does that have any effect on me? >> what it means is the department of justice has never had as detailed a blueprint moving forward with a city on how we can be better, that they should know that the level of commitment that i have, that the police commissioner has, that the rank-and-file officers have to improving not just the relationship with the police and the community but also the results for getting a safer city. there is no stronger example of our determination and our intention to be better. there is no stronger example in the country than what we're doing here in baltimore. >> ifill: mayor stephanie rawlings-blake, thank you very much. >> thank you.

>> woodruff: now, back to the presidential race, and new questions this week surrounding donald trump's temperament. for two views on what exactly makes a presidential candidate "fit to lead," we are joined by retired air force general michael hayden, former director of the central intelligence agency and the national security agency; and kansas secretary of state kris kobach. he served as an aide to former attorney general john ashcroft in the george w. bush administration. and we welcome both of you."newshour". general hayden, you were one of 50 republicans to sign an open letter this week saying that donald trump should not be elected president. you said he would be the most reckless president in u.s. history. what do you base that on? >> i mean, obviously, that's a prediction based on our analysis.

he's not yet become president and he's not done anything in the oval office, but we based upon what we have seen of the candidate during the campaign, we've based upon the kinds of things that he said, the kinds of responses that he's had to provocations. we see a lack of the proper tempment, character, patience, civility, knowledge and let me me add curiosity. when we were waiting and we understand there is a political process here, some things happen earlier and some later, when we were waiting for an adjustment where the candidate was more serious, more fact-based, more concerned about the specifics of what he was saying, and it just didn't happen. so we felt we had to point that out. >> woodruff: temperament, character and so on. kris kobach, as someone who supports donald trump, what do you say to that? >> i disagree, and i've had the advantage of the opportunity to meet with mr. trump on several

occasions, and my experience is that he's very intelligent, he's thirsty for information, he wants to hear what you have to say, he listens to his advisors, he digests the information very quickly and he's got a good memory. i remember one time i was talking to him about something and he pulled some information out of his memory banks that was a great connection that i hadn't even thought to mention to him. so i think there is another difference here, too. different presidents are different as far as their public persona versus their persona meeting with advisors. george bush was pretty much the same in person as when he was speaking publicly. i think donald trump has a stage persona and also has a temperament when meeting with his advisors. the positions are the same but the at tod is a little bit different -- the attitude is a little bit different. >> woodruff: what if there is a different donald trump who is more reasoning and rational in private. >> why isn't he running? that's a little bit like pay no attention to the man in front of

the screen, to paraphrase the wizard of oz. we have campaigns so the electorate can get to know the candidate and make an intelligent choice. if the candidate is hiding his true persona, seems to defeat the whole purpose of electoral campaigns. >> woodruff: what about that kris kobach? >> in speaking at a public event, you won't change course or show a lack of confidence, whereas in person he may say tell me more about this. that's the point i'm making. the public is getting to know who donald trump is. the allegation general hayden made is he doesn't listen to people, and i don't know how he can make that allegation unless he's seen a person -- the person in a room and bun talking with him and providing information. >> woodruff: you do say, general hayden, in a letter is your sense of donald trump is he doesn't listen. you say he met with henry kissinger and -- >> and in talking to very prestigious members of the

american national security community above party, actually, said did they change your views on anything? no. >> woodruff: kris kobach, let me come back to donald trump's comments yesterday in north carolina about hillary clinton, about the second amendment suggesting that "second amendment people might put a stop to hillary clinton naming certain judges." we now learn today the secret service is having conversations with mr. trump's campaign about that comment. how did you read what he said? how do you explain it? >> oh, i think it was pretty clear, if you look at the video. the audience is interacting with him while he's giving a speech and he says, look, it's too bad if hillary gets the ninth nominee on the superior courts they're going to take away your second amendment rights. and he says, well, the second amendment people might be able to do something about it -- in so many words. the way i read that, even if the supreme court rules, congress still has the pass a law confiscating or banning certain

firearms, and the people are the n.r.a., all the people who have incredible influence on capitol hill. i don't know why someone would read into that a threat of violence or assassination as the hillary clinton campaign hyperventilated. i don't think that's even plausible. >> woodruff: we know even some people in the audience took to it mean may have been a joke but he was referring to -- >> i don't. i watched it and i believe what he said was what he said. but let me just for the moment accept kris' approach to. this it shows a lack of understanding of american political history and culture that even if he actually meant to say this, but he chose to say it like this, given our darkest history in terms of political assassination, in what universe does someone want to be president of the united states and think that that's an okay formulation? i can go further because it's part of a pattern. in what universe does someone who might actually become the president of the united states say, nah, you know, we may not

live up to our commitments in an attack against one or is it an attack against another. in what universe does somewhown's going to be the president of the united states think it's okay to say they hate us, they all hate us, islam hates us. you don't have to become president for those statements to actually harm american national security. >> woodruff: kris kobach. i don't think those statements are exactly as the general characterized them. he doesn't say all of islam hates us. he says we have to vet the people come from places in the world where islamic radical terrorism is prevalent and put a temporary halt on some of the entries from those parts of the world. i mean, look, he often will express something in a general principal idea and then come back and give specifics. i'd like to turn to presidential temperament. another factor is independence.

you want the president to be uninfluenced by any factors other than his advisors and the best interest of the united states. i think in that category, donald trump easily beats hillary clinton. we have the example of the clinton foundation, at the very time the algerian government was having multiple meetings with the clinton state department, the foundation was receiving half a million from the algerians. at the very time that a russian uranium executive transferred $2.35 million to the foundation, he then okayed the deal where the russians gain control of 20% of u.s. uranium interests. that's a big issue, , too and i think people will wonder as long as the clinton foundation exists, has there been a recent contribution and is she going to look at that when she makes a decision? >> woodruff: put that question to general hayden. >> i agree with kris that you don't want a president subject to external influence -- influence outside of the united states and outside the course of our political process.

i get that. i'm simply pointing out that if you look at the series of things that the candidate has allowed himself to say, if he governs in any way consistent with those statements, i think we have grounds to be afraid, very afraid. >> woodruff: and you mean that literally. >> some of the things that prompted the letter was the seeming tenor of the campaign and the candidate, frankly, to think that the world's an ugly place right now simply because his predecessors were stupid or weak or corrupt. the world is a very complicated place, and there doesn't seem to be any appreciation for the complexity of the problems that he's going to have to face as president, and if he goes in there with a simplistic understanding and simplistic answers, it's going to make the world worse. again, that is no brief for his predecessor whom i've criticized more often than not. >> woodruff: mr. kobach, last

word. >> i agree with the general comment that the world is a more dangers place than seven years ago and you have to think about the position with respect to ten misand you have a better chief executive in mr. trump. no one doubts he's able to walk away from a deal if it's a bad one, no one doubts he's willing to punish enemies if they transgress u.s. interests, whereas hillary is very predictable and you don't expect anything different than what we saw under the obama administration. so i think in terms of the american interests, i would feel more safe with a president trump representing those interests to the world. >> woodruff: kansas secretary of state kris kobach, retired air force general michael hayden, we thank you both. >> thank you. glfor

>> ifill: stay with us. coming up on the newshour: appalling conditions in refugee camps off australia's coast; computers that can read human emotions; and one country's soldiers use an unusual technique to unwind. but first, we continue our series, "a place in the world." last night, we reported on a group of young men with autism who have moved out of their childhood homes, in a first step toward living independently. all except the man on the lower right, whose level of disability makes the prospect of a rewarding adulthood much too complicated to achieve. john donovan has part two of our report. >> reporter: his name is matt resnick and without knowing it, he has helped changed the face of autism in his hometown-- phoenix, arizona-- and not just because he is the producer of a line of baked goods. smile biscotti, which are for sale all over the city, even here at pete's coffee at phoenix international airport.

matt is literally the face of smile biscotti, where the ads quite deliberately mention that he has autism. his autistic nature is more than evident. that's his dad with him, rob resnick. and the reason we did not formally interview matt is that he cannot do a television interview. how are you today? >> i am magnificent. >> reporter: he lacks the language skills for that. which is a key reason you don't see many stories about people like him in the media. moreover, without his dad guiding him, matt would get lost here in hurry. it's why he's still lives at home-- a grown man-- with parents who are no longer young,

and a mother who represents his closest connection to anyone. you can see that so easily-- what's between them. but there's another side to this connection. it's knowing that it may never be duplicated. and that no one else may have matt's back like this. >> i do worry about matt. i worry because he is so trusting and so vulnerable. i worry about, how is going to be in his home or who will help him and how is anyone going to understand him and all those idiosyncrasies, and will i be there? >> reporter: and how denise has responded to that worry-- one that is shared by all parents facing such challenges-- it's left its mark, and not just in her house, but in a much bigger way. although changing the world was the farthest thing from her

mind, back when matt was first diagnosed with autism in the early 1990s. then, the mission looked like this. >> he was going to be one of those kids who recovered from his autism, i was sure of it. i was going to make sure that that happened. >> reporter: and here's what that meant. >> immediately after matt's diagnosis, i put my heart and soul and every waking hour into making sure that we were going to provide matt 40 hours of one- on-one therapy every week, then artfully integrate speech therapy and art therapy and riding therapy. >> reporter: denise also followed the path taken by many other parents before her, in other times and places, by helping to launch an organization-- the southwest autism research and resource center, sarrc for short. >> this is our classroom play area and this is where a lot of learning takes place. >> reporter: which would bring about, she hoped, the rescue she was praying for. that essentially was the mission back then. >> we do our research right

here. >> reporter: sarrc even launched its own scientific research center-- and studied and developed autism-specific currricula-- it was an all out campaign that lasted years. the only thing was-- matt did not recover from autism. the available therapies can lead to dramatically different results in different people. in matt's, he did make strides. he learned to bike and hike-- and to read some words and multiply numbers in his head-- which came in handy when he helped his mom bake. but some things got worse. >> he would eat things that were not edible. in a year he chewed through 132 shirts. >> reporter: nor did matt ever learn to recognize danger in the usual sense. even now, he wouldn't know what to do if, say, something in the oven caught fire. and his language still has serious limits. he has never in his life asked a question-- or put together a spoken sentence of his own making.

he never could talk the way he could sing-- even back then-- when denise was still counting on this little kid outgrowing the challenges to his having a place of his own in "the world out there." and over time, denise came to the realization that it was "the world out there" that would have to change-- if matt was to safe and supported when his mom and dad were gone. accepting that reality, in time denise shifted sarrc's mission in a new direction. >> for the last two decades, i have poured my heart and soul into trying to build a community with a lot of other people, in trying to achieve a vision. >> reporter: and when you say community, you don't just mean a community of the people directly affected by autism. >> no, i mean a broader

community. >> reporter: everybody. >> right. >> reporter: and it's why phoenix, arizona-- sarrc's hometown-- may be the most autism-aware and autism-friendly metropolis in the world. one in which-- everywhere denise pointed when we rode the light rail around downtown together-- there was a business employing autistic people. >> and this is cvs pharmacy. >> reporter: or a school with classes designed with autism in mind. >> you can see a.s.u. >> reporter: or research centers investigating treatments. >> st. joseph hospital and medical center. >> reporter: sarrc now has literally dozens and dozens of private and public partners energized about supporting autism in real ways-- not just with money, but with jobs, access and housing. some of it captured in the story we told last night about that pilot program preparing autistic adults to live on their own and hold jobs. and also this pre-school, which mixes classes of autistic with non-autistic children because-- because, and its with that mission in mind again-- consider what happens when those kids

grow up. >> they are inclusive of kids that are different, or that have autism or that have disabilities out on the playground. they're future employers, they're future co-workers. we're not having to teach these kids directly. they're just consumed around people who are different from them. >> reporter: and that is the big picture that denise has long had in mind. a world where support doesn't merely mean paid staff providing services. support means-- well-- having neighbors who care. having... friends. >> what people like matt and others need, and what we need, are communities that include friends, people to support us, healthcare, jobs, recreation, places of worship, transportation. and to think that a family can go at this alone, to build a life for their loved one isn't good enough. >> reporter: so even if a family had all the money in the world, having those resources would not be enough to take care of their kid, through adulthood and through life?

>> it would be enough to take care of their kid, but what they may be lacking are friends. because you don't pay your friends. >> reporter: the next major step-- well-- it's an empty lot right now. but it won't always be. when you come out here it is an empty field now but can you see it? >> i can see it, i can feel it, and it is going to happen, and it's something i've been dreaming about almost since the first day the school bus arrived for matt. >> reporter: this is the future site of an apartment complex to be called first place, which will look like this-- and will be supported by a collaboration among than 75 charitable, private and public groups, creating a neighborhood of people of varying levels of ability and disability. with more or less support as needed-- it is where matt will live too. >> this is going to be his home. it may not be his home forever, but aptly named, it's going to be his first home when he leaves our family home. >> reporter: groundbreaking is

set for later this year. for now, matt still has the two best support people anyone could ask for-- his mom and dad, who are helping keep the biscotti business on track-- one that employs several people on the autism spectrum. but when it's just the three of them together, that's the question of matt's future comes back into focus, with the hope that ten, 20, 30, 40 years from now... that he'll have a whole community by his side, and at his back. taking in the song, and caring what he has to say. ( singing "free falling" ) for the pbs newshour, i'm john donvan in phoenix.

>> woodruff: we have reported at length for more than a year on the migrant crisis in europe, the middle east and north africa. but tonight, we look at the plight of those searching for new homes and lives far from those shores. hari sreenivasan has that. >> sreenivasan: the government of australia has, for years now, made it very clear they will accept no refugees and migrants coming to the continent by boat. and those that do, are sent to a tiny island nation called nauru, off australia's northeast coast. but recent reports by human rights advocates, and, today, from the "guardian" newspaper, show nightmarish conditions for more than 1,000 people who were sent for processing by australia's government to nauru. allegations in the reports include physical and sexual abuse, often aimed at children; and substandard and inhumane living conditions. for more on this, i'm joined from paris by anna neistat, of amnesty international.

thanks for being with us. this is a hard place to get to. you gained access where many journalists have not been able to. tell us what you saw when you got to this island. >> what i saw there can only be described as deliberate, systematic abuse. we're not talking about individual incidents and the files released today make it crystal clear. we are talking about patterns. patterns of really serious physical conditions, heart diseases, complications from diabetes, kidney diseases that are not being treated properly and for which people are not being transferred elsewhere to get proper care and probably the most nightmarish of it all is the state of psychological trauma and the weight of -- rate of self-harm and attempted suicides amongst adults but even worse among children. i personally interviewed several children including a boy as

young as nine who already attempted suicide and was still talking about ending his life. >> sreenivasan: what's behind this acute issues with the children? why are they affected in this way? >> well, i think children are affected along with adults. children, of course, are always some of the most vulnerable, but they're also easy targets. what they see around them when their parents are trying to kill themselves in front of their eyes but also has the enormous effect on their psychological well being. >> sreenivasan: tell me about what's the relationship between australia and this tiny island nation? it's, like, three kilometers away. >> the relationship is pretty simple. when australia decided they would not accept refugees arriving by boat, ostensibly to prevent people from dying at sea and combat smuggling, they set

up upshore processing, so australia is now paying hundreds of millions of dollars per year for this operation. obviously, it's a significant part of nauru's economy, the island doesn't have much else and, in exchange, obviously now they get employment opportunities, some investment in infrastructure and so many people employed by the companies who work in nauru are local. >> sreenivasan: this is part of australia's policy to not allow any of these migrants or refugees to settle on australian soil. they're keeping them off the continent for a reason. they say that this is to create a disincentive so more refugees don't get on boats and you don't see what's been happening between the middle east and europe. >> yes, and i think that's one of the most cynical refugee policies i've ever seen, and australia is indeed quite open about that. they are essentially making an example of these people so that

the ones -- the ones held in nauru so that others do not attempt to arrive to australia by boat, and i think this is not only unlawful, but it also goes against any principles of humanity. what they spent enormous effort on is keeping this whole situation secret. that's why many of your viewers never heard about this situation is because they kept it completely secret. they do not allow independent journalists or almost any journalist in for that matter. they do not allow any international organizations, but what's more, they essentially swear everybody who works on the -- swear everybody who works on the island into secrecy, but now the veil of secrecy is off and now that it's off, i think it's high time for australia to stop denying the undeniable and really start closing down this

whole operation and resettles people either in australia or an appropriate third country. >> sreenivasan: we reach out to the australian government for response and they say they are investigating the revelations today. anna neistat of amnesty international, thank you. >> ifill: now, developing technology that can better identify your own emotions. at a time when people are concerned about what data can track and how it can be sold, it is an advance that clearly raises concerns. but, it also may yield some important benefits too. the newshour's april brown takes a look, part of our weekly series on "the leading edge" of science and technology. >> you can control bb-8-- the little droid- based on how your expressions are changing. >> reporter: if this little droid looks familiar, you may have seen him in the most recent "star wars" film.

bb-8 moved on his own on the fictional planet "jakku"-- but here in boston, dan mcduff is in charge. >> so it's going to detect my face, and start to be able to control the robot by making different facial expressions. he's taking off, he's not pleased with you. >> reporter: the software that allows him to control bb-8 is called affdex, and mcduff is the director of research for affectiva-- the company that created it. but affdex can do much more than make robots move by making faces. it can also detect expressions to help determine how people are feeling. >> so we're using the camera feed to detect where your face is. track the feature points and identify the texture changes on your skin, and when you furrow your brow or smile, there are distinctive patterns the computer can recognize. and it's actually been trained on hundreds of thousands of people, so it's seen examples of smiles and brow furrows and frowns for many different people.

>> so far we've collected over 50 billion emotion data points. >> reporter: rana el kaliouby is affectiva's c.e.o., and the brain behind the artificial intelligence software. >> i realized that we were spending so much time with our devices and our technology, yet it had absolutely no idea how we felt or what our mental state was. >> reporter: in a very basic level how do you know that this is accurate? >> validation is-- we take that very seriously affectiva. we have a team of labelers based in cairo and they are certified facial action coders. so we compare the accuracy of our machine learning algorithms to the accuracy of these human experts, and you know, on some of these emotional states where we're approaching expert human accuracy very, very fast. >> reporter: which ones? >> so for example, with the smiles with the eyebrow furrows and the eyebrow raises, it's extremely accurate. it gets a little trickier when you look at, you know, lip puckers or lip purses or, you know, squints.

emotional intelligence is completely missing from our digital world, and so now there is a lot more understanding of why emotions are important and there, you know, there is a lot more understanding of how this type of technology can disrupt and transform a lot of industries. >> reporter: the media and advertising industries quickly saw the value. >> so far we have partnered with 1,400 brands, you want to know if people are resonating with your ad before it goes live and you spend millions of dollars and so, with our software, you can get a moment-by-moment readout of a viewer's emotional journey. >> reporter: like affectiva itself did, with a test to find out how well the candidates were connecting with viewers in one of the debates for the 2012 presidential election. many other companies have found their own applications for the emotional recognition technology. >> we call nevermind a biofeedback enhanced adventure thriller game. say that five times fast.

>> reporter: erin reynolds is c.e.o. of flying mollusk, a company that created the video game "nevermind." >> "nevermind" is a very creepy game, very dark, surreal game, and so often the player will be a little stressed, a little scared, a little anxious when they are playing it. so you as a player have to learn how to stay calm under the pressure. >> reporter: while "nevermind's" purpose is entertainment-only right now, reynolds hopes the game may eventually help people with post traumatic stress disorder or anxiety. but the affdex software is already being used in the medical field to try and improve lives. >> what do you see on screen? >> mom. >> reporter: eight year old matthew krieger has been diagnosed with autism. >> a lot of the trouble he gets into with other kids is, he thinks he's funny and doesn't read at all that he is not or that there are annoyed or angry. >> reporter: matthew's mother laura signed him up for a clinical trial being conducted by ned sahin. >> i want to know what's going on inside the brain of someone

with autism, and it turns out parents want to know that, too. you get points for looking for a while, and looking away and then looking back, because otherwise >> reporter: sahin's company, brain power, uses affectiva's software programs that matthew sees through google glass. these games are trying to help him understand how facial expressions correspond to emotions and learn social cues: one of the key life skills is understanding the emotions of others and another is looking in their direction when they are speaking. looking at your mom while it's green, you're getting points, and when it's orange and red, you slow down with the points >> am i looking at you? >> you are looking at me. are you looking at me? do you think you are? >> yes. well, i don't know if i am. >> you don't know? >> i found out if i look this way, it doesn't count. but if i look at the screen at

you, i can still see your eyes and it gives me points. >> but if you tilt your head up and look under the screen you feel like you are looking at me? >> i feel like i am both. >> both ways. >> reporter: just a few minutes later, the difference in matthew's gaze overwhelmed his mother. >> i think i'm going to cry. >> why? >> when you look at me, it makes me think you haven't really before because you're looking at me differently. >> the brain learns very well by feedback. we don't know for sure yet but we're going to find out if the kind of feedback we are giving can help people teach themselves these skills. >> reporter: after the testing, laura krieger reflected on what happened. >> it's such a difference and i've heard him even tell the psychologist when she works on eye contact-- he says, well, i have a trick.

i look at your forehead. and that's probably what people see in passing, is that counts for them as eye contact. and it did for me, but this was really different, like, this was looking at me. >> reporter: allowing a computer to capture and read your emotions for research is one thing, but affectiva's rana el kaliouby says her company is concerned about how this sensitive material is used in all applications. >> we recognize that your emotional information is extremely personal and so we veered away from all use cases where that data is being collected without your consent. >> reporter: is there not a slippery slope, if you are giving the computer the ability to recognize your emotions? is that not one step further towards something that could potentially do something dangerous? >> i think these conversations are very important. i personally believe we are a long way away from that scenario. >> reporter: still, el kaliouby sees her artificial intelligence work becoming ubiquitous in the years to come. >> yes, so fast forward three to

five years. we think our devices and our technologies will all have an emotion chip, so pretty much like our devices have a gps or location-enabled apps today. apparently, we check our phones on an average of 15 times an hour, and so you can imagine that being an emotion check-in data point, an emotion data point check-in and you can track a person's mood. >> reporter: and eventually, she hopes, it will help our devices convey more emotion than we can with the current technology. for the pbs newshour, i'm april brown in boston. >> woodruff: finally tonight, to our "newshour shares," something that caught our eye that might be of interest to you, too. maintaining a good work-life balance is important to many people. but in south korea, one group of soldiers has found an unexpected way to unwind from the daily grind.

the newshour's julia griffin reports. >> reporter: once a week, these soldiers in the south korean army's 25th division trade their military boots for a pair of ballet slippers. the plies, tendus and other exercises are aimed at relieving stress, as these troops are among those guarding the demilitarized zone along the border with north korea. >> ( translated ): there's a lot of tension here, since we live in the unit on the front line, which makes me feel insecure at times. however, through ballet, i am able to stay calm and find balance, as well as build friendships with my fellow soldiers. >> reporter: each session is taught by lee hyang-jo, a ballerina with the korean national ballet. >> ( translated ): living as a soldier is quite tough, so i wasn't sure i could actually help them here. but now i feel worthwhile whenever i see them smiling more and enjoying ballet as they learn it little by little. >> reporter: and unit leaders have found the classes provide health benefits beyond stress relief. >> ( translated ): ballet

requires a great amount of physical strength and is very good for strengthening muscle, increasing flexibility, and correcting posture. so i think that ballet has helped us. >> reporter: all the training appears to be paying off. the 15 soldiers plan to stage their own ballet performance at the end of the year. for the pbs newshour, i'm julia griffin. >> that's the stress relief i was looking for for sure. >> ifill: high performance athletic gear can giving olympic athletes a winning edge. innovative gear has been designed to protect their health, too, this year. learn about four high-tech uniforms making a splash in rio. all that and more is on our web site pbs.org/newshour. >> woodruff: later tonight on charlie rose, meryl streep and hugh grant on their new film. i want to take a moment to

congratulate my friend and colleagues, gwen, on receiving the 2016 john chancellor award for excellence in journalism from columbia university. it is a huge tribute to you and we look forward to their ceremony in november. november. >> thank you, judy. on thursday, we will take a closer look at the economic plans of donald trump and hillary clinton-- how they might affect your pocketbook. i'm judy woodruff. >> ifill: and i'm gwen ifill. join us online, and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you, and good night. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> bnsf railway. >> lincoln financial-- committed to helping you take charge of your financial future. >> md anderson cancer center. making cancer history. >> xq institute. >> supporting social entrepreneurs and their solutions to the world's most

pressing problems-- skollfoundation.org. >> supported by the rockefeller foundation. promoting the wellbeing of humanity around the world, by building resilience and inclusive economies. more at www.rockefellerfoundation.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you.

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this is "nightly business re" dow 2000. new research puts it in sight and there are a few sectors that may leaf the market higher over the coming months. manmade c my engin bugs help stop the spread of the zika virus? lousy 40401(k)? why some are being sued over their retirement offerings. much more tonight on wednesday, august 10th. good evening and w t rea for dow 2000. yes, you heard right. it may sound like a world away especially since the