captioning sponsored by wnet >> sreenivasan: on this edition for saturday, september 3: president obama in china, as the world's two largest economies commit to a climate change accord; donald trump in michigan, campaigning for african-american votes; and in our signature segment, the health effects of california's drought. next, on pbs newshour weekend. >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. judy and josh weston. the cheryl and philip milstein family. the john and helen glessner family trust. supporting trustworthy journalism that informs and inspires. sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america--

designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we are your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. from the tisch wnet studios at lincoln center in new york, hari sreenivasan. >> sreenivasan: good evening, and thanks for joining us. the united states and china today formally ratified a climate-change agreement that came from the u.n. climate conference in paris last december. it has already been adopted by more than 175 countries. in a ceremony today ahead of the "group of 20" economic summit in hangzhou, china, president obama and china's president xi jinping committed the world's two biggest economies to a course of reducing the carbon dioxide emissions that cause global warming. combined, the two nations generate almost 40% of the world's emissions. according to the terms of the climate pact, when nations

responsible for a total of 55 55% of global carbon emissions ratify it, the pact will come into force, possibly by the end of this year. under the pact, china has agreed to stop its rise of carbon emissions by 2030, and the u.s. pledged to reduce emissions by at least 26% by then. president obama hailed the deal: >> this is the single best chance that we have, to deal with a problem that could end up transforming this planet in a way that makes it very difficult for us to deal with all the other challenges that we may face. >> sreenivasan: earlier, in welcoming remarks to the g-20 leaders, president xi stressed the importance of cooperation. >> ( translated ): all countries should work together to safeguard the peaceful and stable international environment. it has been proved over and over again in history that there's no development without peace and there's no prosperity without stability. >> sreenivasan: some contentious issues are also on the agenda. president obama said he and

president xi would also discuss human rights, hacking, and security disputes in the south china sea. the g-20 summit is the last scheduled asia trip of the obama presidency. republican presidential nominee donald trump is trying to improve his standing with african american voters. today in detroit, trump told the congregation at great faith ministries that he wants to help rebuild the city, which has high unemployment and poverty rates, and a population that's 80% black. he said the nation needs a" civil rights agenda for our time" that provides better jobs and education. he also called the african american faith community one of god's greatest gifts to america. >> america has been lifted out of many of its most difficult hours through the miracle of faith. now, in these hard times for our country, let us turn again to our christian heritage to lift up the soul of our nation. >> sreenivasan: before the event, trump was greeted by protesters outside the church. national polls have shown his support among black voters to be

in the single digits. hillary clinton has no events scheduled this weekend. hurricane hermine has weakened to a tropical storm and is moving north along the atlantic coast, drenching areas from georgia to the carolinas. hermine was the first hurricane to have made landfall in florida in more than a decade, causing widespread power outages and heavy flooding yesterday. governor rick scott said 300,000 florida homes were without electricity today. the storm is blamed for two deaths. forecasters predict hermine could douse eastern states with up to 15 inches of rain, disrupting labor day holiday weekend travel plans. the national hurricane center said today, "this is not a beach weekend" for anyone in the mid- atlantic to the northeast. hermine is the fourth named storm of the 2016 atlantic hurricane season. people in the great plains were shaken awake this morning by the gion in years.hquake in the the u.s. geological survey says the 5.6 magnitude quake was centered in north-central oklahoma, near pawnee, a town of about 2,200 people.

the quake was felt for hundreds of miles around, in six neighboring states. pawnee's mayor says the quake lasted at least a minute, much longer than most tremors that hit the earthquake-prone state. it was oklahoma's strongest earthquake in five years, but officials report no major property damage and only one minor injury. while crews were out today checking roads, bridges, and buildings, the state agency that regulates oil and gas drilling ordered 35 production facilities within 500 miles of the epicenter to stop injecting wastewater into the ground. geologists say those wastewater wells are linked to the state's increased seismic activity. oklahoma saw more than 900 magnitude 3.0 or greater earthquakes last year, but that number has gone down this year since new wastewater restrictions were imposed. >> sreenivasan: see the vivid light art installation at a sacred shinto site in kyoto japan.

visit www.pbs.org/newshour. >> sreenivasan: today, turkey again deployed tanks inside syria to target positions held by islamic state militants. 20 turkish tanks backed by artillery entered northern syria, about 35 miles from where turkish forces first crossed into the country ten days ago. turkey says its military has no plans to stay in syria, but aims to protect its border from isis, and separatist kurdish militias. the incursion comes on the eve of a bilateral meeting between president obama and turkey's president, recep tayyip erdogan, on the sidelines of the g-20 summit in china. i am joined now by turkey's deputy prime minister, numan kurtulmus, who is on a u.s. visit and is in chicago. thanks for joining us. first of all, there's going to be a bilateral meeting on the sidelines of the g-20 between president obama and president erdogan. what are you expecting from this meeting? >> we expect it laib very positive conversation between two presidents. especially focus on bilateral

relations with turkey and the the united states, and also the common interests of both countries, and the middle eastern region, especially in fighting with the terrorist organization, including i.s., and p.k.p. our expectation this meeting will have positive effectses on the future of the turkish-american relations. >> sreenivasan: will your president be asking our president to extra diet gulen? >> of course, our intention is very clear that he is the leader of the terrorist group who tried to make a coup attempt in turkey. it was a bloody attempt, unfair didue dataattempt.

our major expectation is to either send him to turkey or detain him here until the court will answer here in the united states. >> sreenivasan: your government has sent multiple dossiers to the u.s. intelligence community. the u.s. citizens don't know what it is. what evidence do you have that connects gulen to the failedded coup attempt. why do you think he did it? >> it is a group of people who have a very clear can connection with gulen, and the gulenist movement in general. there are so many military personnel on the file. they have clear connections with gulen, and the moment of himself. >> sreenivasan: does turkey think that the united states played a part in the coup attempt? >> no, actually, it is not our official view. some people on the newspaper, turkish newspaper, made such a kind of decision, but it is not our official view.

we still continue having a good relations with the united states. so we don't see any clear evidence that the authorities of united states is behind the due dataattempt in turkey. after the coup, the government has had a very, very strong crackdown. you have fired some 80,000 civil servants, thousands of people, including judges and prosecutors have been jailed. so many people have been jailed that you have to make room for them releasing some of the criminals. and you've had a crackdown on the media. how do you know that all of these people are guilty if they haven't had trials? >> not all of these people are guilty. they're under investigation. the investigations are still going on. so actually, it is a very huge conflict between the turkish state, and the group of gulenist

movement. they hurt themselves the last 40 years in the state hierarchy. we have to clean up our state services from those people who are criminals or they have the criminal people in 15th of july. upon so those are under investigations. they found none of the people guilty yet, but the court cases are still going on. and also investigations for the public service servants are still continuing, so we will wait and see the end of the-- the result of the kays, every individual cases after the evaluation by legal authorities. >> sreenivasan: one of the thengz the turkish government has been interested in just in the past month has bing to reinstate the death penalty, and that's something the european union says is a red

line. so which would turkey prefer, the death penalty or membership into the "e" u.? >> actually, it is not official case. now, people demand-- in the march against the coup dataattempt. it is not on the agenda of the democratically elected government. >> sreenivasan: finally, let me ask you a little bit about the kurds. i don't claim to know all about kurdish politics but the top priority for the united states in syria is to fight the islamic state. in that fight, the u.s. has kurdish forces in allies that we are arming in that fight. the day that vice president biden came to turkey to meet with your president, turkish tanks went into syria and they attacked kurdish troops that the u.s. supports. so if you're an enemy of our ally, are you our ally? >> well, actually, this is a

group of terrorist organizations named p.y.d., or y.p.g.. we are not against the kurds in the northern part of the syrian territory. the kurds are the native people of those-- this region, and also in the meantime, the turksmen are the original people of the region power position is that we are against having one party region in the northern territory of syria. so that's why if y.p.g., or p.y.d., makes it more than 911 kilometers length of it territory, as p.y.d. territory, it is not acceptable from turkey. so we are okay for the existence

of the kurds in the region. but all other people must leave there. we are against the terrorist activities of p.y.d. as you know, p.y.d. also has very strong connections with p.k.k., which is a clear terrorist organization, and also p.k.k. is accepted by the western countries as one of the major terrorist organizations in the region. so turkey is fighting with p.k.p. p.y.d., and y.p.g., are providing logistics for p.k.k. inside turkey. that is why it is also again unacceptable for turkey, the activities of p.y.d. and y.p.g. in the region. so as a strategic alliance, and as partner of the united states under the umbrella of nato, we are fighting against

internationally organized terrorist organizations, including day, or i.s.-- whatever you call it-- and also p.y.d. is a branch of p.k.k., which is one of the major threats to turkey as a terrorist organization. >> sreenivasan: deputy prime minister numan kurtulmus, thank you for joining us. >> i thank you so much. >> sreenivasan: this week, california governor jerry brown signed a law tightening penalties for wasteful water use, such as hosing down driveways and over-watering lawns. california's five-year drought has prompted water conservation mandates for residents and the state's vast agricultural sector. for tonight's signature segment, we wanted to see the toll of the drought on public health. so, we went to one city where hundreds of wells and water taps ran dry for three years. >> reporter: tomas garcia lives

on a strict water budget. >> i get about nine of these cases of water, and i'm two cases and two gallons left for the month. >> reporter: it's halfway through the month, and this is the only drinkable water source for garcia, his wife and two daughters. they also rely on this 2,500 gallon water tank that sits in front of their home. this water is not drinkable; the family cautiously uses it for washing dishes, flushing toilets and showering. just over a year ago, it used to be much worse. the garcias had no running water because the tule river had dried up after years of drought. it had been the main water source for the well under their home, and for many residents of east porterville, california, a community of 7,000 people 75 miles southeast of fresno. of the 1,800 homes in the community, 500 have had their wells dry up completely. >> we were in desperate need for water, you know? and then, the solutions to our problem is just to have a way to carry the water to our properties, you know?

and the only way i have is my personal vehicle, my family vehicle. >> reporter: hauling water is all that garcia did with his free time. he works as a manager at an auto body shop, and it's what the garcia family did instead of saturday brunch or sunday church. >> my wife dislocated her shoulder, because it was a lot of work, pushing those little five gallons buckets from inside the van, handing it to me, and me dumping in those tanks, you know. and the stress to come home and there's no water on my property, my family in need, and then health problems, you know. and then, it was very, very difficult. >> reporter: the stress hasn't helped garcia's high blood pressure and diabetes. he also worried that his daughters would get teased at school because people assumed families without running water didn't shower. david rozell is the public health emergency preparedness manager for the county. he says an ongoing drought is not a typical emergency. >> in an earthquake or

something, you can treat the injuries, and they will heal over time and get better. we're several years in, and the disaster is still happening. we are not even in the recovery phase yet. >> reporter: rozell can't definitively say what the health problems might be, because there hasn't been a lot of health data cllected related to the water shortage. >> we're coming into new territory here. we're not sure the full extent of what this is going to do to the community. >> reporter: in order to discover those health problems, the state conducted its first survey in three of the driest communities, like east porterville. the results were released this summer. >> we had heard anecdotal stories about the types of things that they were doing to conserve water. whether it was reducing their hand washing, reducing their food washing, whether it was they had observed more dust or felt that there was, the community was less healthy because of the drought. but we didn't have hard and fast information that we could use for that. >> reporter: the survey found that two-thirds of east porterville residents have reduced how much they shower, wash their hands, wash their food or flush their toilets.

rozell says these habits will lead to more gastrointestinal illnesses. residents also reported that drier conditions and dust have worsened chronic health conditions, allergies and asthma. then, there's the psychological toll. >> the drought had had some negative effects on their mental health and their peace of mind. we saw about half the households that we interviewed tell us that the drought had negatively affected their peace of mind. >> reporter: tomas garcia knows about that. >> i spoke to different people just only last week. and then, they mention to me, "you know what? i was thinking of suicide myself." i said, "what?" i said, just because the stress they goes through. the most stressful days, sometimes it was when i came in around this time and then loading the water and transfer it from one tank to another and sit on myself and thinking about, "what are, i'm doin' this," you know.

>> we definitely feel frustrated when we see the struggle that we see the residents going through. >> reporter: melissa withnell is with c-set, a local nonprofit running east porterville's drought resource center. . >> reporter: it has set up temporary showers stalls, bathrooms and sinks in the parking lot of a local church. >> people are playing outside, people are working outside. we have a farm labor community. so, you know, it becomes a major issue when you cannot get in some water and rinse yourself off. >> reporter: the center also hands out stacks of bottled water. but whitnell says this site, as well as the water tanks or stress counseling servics provided by the county, are only interim solutions. >> we definitely encounter, you know, mixed feelings because you're trying to help people but there's only such much you can do until a long-term solution is established. and so, it then becomes an issue

for the county and the state to step in so that this doesn't become a public health emergency. >> reporter: felicia marcus is the chair of the state water resources control board. >> generally, this is a local concern, a county concern in trying to figure it out. but i think that in the enormity of a crisis of this kind, everybody has to come together and try to figure out how to do it. >> reporter: marcus recognizes that handing out bottled water and dropping water tanks in front of homes are not permanent solutions to the drought and growing public health concerns. >> has it taken longer during this drought to get it all done t in dealing with reality, it takes working with people. you have people who kept thinking, "well, it's going to rain the next year, so do we really have to go through all of this?" >> reporter: marcus says progress has been slow because water agencies at both the state and local levels have never collaborated before on an unexpectedly long drought. >> we've had to invent whole new ways of doing things, for the state agencies to be able to step in to use their legal authorities and our funding tools, to be able to come together, to create a solution

for this particular community, at a scale that will be a longer lasting answer that will help. >> reporter: after nearly three completely dry years in east porterville, state and local water agencies pooled together resources and drew up a long- term plan: connect homes with dry wells to the water lines of a neighboring city. the first few homes turned on their taps two weeks ago. the garcia family is scheduled to be hooked up to running water by the end of the year. >> water is supposed to be for all. and then, especially, we live in the united states of america. this is most powerful country, and we have the resources to come up the solutions. >> sreenivasan: on pbs newshour weekend sunday, a filmmaker's daring look at mexico's drug war. >> rooting out the stories of corruption between public

officials and organized crime, it's potentially deadly work. >> sreenivasan: on pbs newshour weekend, sunday. >> sreenivasan: finally, facing a possible election embarrassment tomorrow, german chancellor angela merkel said today she would do it all again, staunchly defending her decision to admit nearly a million migrants and refugees last year. the backlash is propelling the anti-immigrant "alternative for germany" party against merkel's conservative party in the legislative elections in her home state. merkel says of her open borders policy, "it was the right thing to do that we rose to this humanitarian responsibility." that's it for this edition of pbs newshour weekend. i'm hari sreenivasan. thanks for watching. captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

>> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. judy and josh weston. the cheryl and philip milstein family. the john and helen glessner family trust. supporting trustworthy journalism that informs and inspires. sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we are your retirement company. additional support has been provided by:

and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you.

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