captioning sponsored by wnet >> sreenivasan: on this edition for sunday, september 4: world leaders meet in china for the first day of the g-20 summit. pope francis bestows the catholic church's highest honor-- sainthood-- on mother teresa. and, the resurgence of beekeeping in america's cities. next on "pbs newshour weekend." >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. judy and josh weston. the cheryl and philip milstein family. the john and helen glessner family trust. supporting trustworthy journalism that informs and inspires. sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products.

that's why we are your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. from the tisch wnet studios at lincoln center in new york, hari sreenivasan. this is pbs newshour weekend. good evening and thanks for joining us. president obama and leaders of the world's leading economic powers, have wound up the first day of the "group of 20" summit in china. this will be obama's last as president. before a banquet hosted by china's president xi jinping, obama had a full schedule of discussions on issues of vital interest to the united states. in his first meeting with turkey's president, recep erdogan, since a failed july military coup, the president alluded to turkey's demand that the u.s. extradite a pennsylvania-based cleric erdogan accuses of plotting the coup. >> i've assured him that our justice department and my

national security team will continue to cooperate with turkish authorities to determine how we can make sure that those who carried out these activities are brought to justice. >> against this terrorist, before the coup attempt, we had put together some documentation, amassed some evidence, which we have submitted to the united states. and the post attempted- coup documentation and evidence therein will be amassed. >> sreenivasan: president obama also said turkey must prevent the islamic state from sneaking recruits through turkey into syria turkey's state-run media reports its troops have sealed off the last strip of isis- controlled territory along its border with syria. secretary of state john kerry is at the summit leading talks with russia to broker a ceasefire between the syrian government and rebels. >> and we've agreed to meet tomorrow morning and see whether or not it is possible to bridge the gap, come to conclusion on

those couple of issues. >> sreenivasan: meeting with china's president xi, mister obama said he urged him to honor an international treaty for resolving maritime disputes in the south china sea...where china has been expanding its military presence. xi said china is determined to resolve the disputes peacefully and asked the u-s to play a, quote, "constructive role." obama also met for the first time with britain's new prime minister, theresa may. while he stood by his opposition to the british vote to exit the european union, she said there will be no second referendum or turning back. pope francis today declared mother teresa a saint of the roman catholic church. addressing 120,000 people in st. peter's square, francis said the albanian nun who founded the" missionaries of charity" order in 1950 was a "dispenser of divine mercy." francis said she shamed world leaders, in his words, "for the crimes of poverty they themselves created." saint teresa, who died in 1997, at the age of 87, was awarded the nobel peace prize for her

lifetime of work caring for the sick and unwanted in the slums of the indian city of calcutta. but she was not without her critics. for more on her legacy and canonization, "wall street journal" francis rocca joins me via skype from vatican city. this is actually an accelerated process even after she died she was so well liked that usually the five years that they have to wait to sort of submit the name that was even shortened. >> right right, john pall ii cut that short after about 18 months said let's just move ahead with it. she was be beatified which is te penpentultimates mat stage. >> it almost seemed superfluous she was hailed as a saint in her

life by many people and there was already a global devotion to her. it's almost kind of an afterthought for the pope to actually pronounce the words. >> sreenivasan: there have been critics in the past of mother teresa, saying she was more into the brand of mother teresa than actually doing work ton ground. >> there have been criticisms and they persist and come up at this time that the sisters weren't trained well enough that they didn't have the highest standards. there may have been -- i think she tried to use her global celebrity very effectively to get her attention to get resources. she wasn't trying orun hospitals, that was for others in the church. she wanted to get emergency care to the poorest of the poor. but it was clear most people thought she was a great woman. >> what are the ripples of this?

celebratory, in parts of india and other parts of the world. >> she will be enshrined. more churches named after her heretofore that has been pretty limited since she wasn't osaint yet, they put a cap on that but catholic churches all over the world will be named after her and schools and that kind of thing. this embeds her legacy i suppose for other faiths. there was an aspect of her, she has been accused by no. india of trying is christianize india, she had good relationships with others of other faiths and that has secured her legacy. >> francis >> sreenivasan: if the presidential election were today, according to an associated press analysis of statewide polls, hillary clinton would begin only one electoral vote shy of the 270 needed to win. the 21 blues states and washington d.c.-- those rated solid or leaning democratic-- carry 269 electoral votes.

the 23 red states-- those rated solid or leaning republican for donald trump-- carry 191 electoral votes. the six states rated "toss-ups" are: florida, ohio, north carolina, nevada, iowa, and new hampshire. neither clinton nor trump had any public campaign events today, but their running mates each compared the other party's candidate to the one american president who resigned from office. republican vice presidential nominee mike pence referred to the newly released fbi notes about clinton's email habits as secretary of state. >> it's just more evidence, that hillary clinton is the most dishonest candidate for president of the united states since richard nixon. >> sreenivasan: democratic vice presidential nominee tim kaine likened nixon's watergate break- in to trump's call for hackers to hit the email servers of clinton and the democratic national committee. >> he has openly encouraged russia to engage in cyber hacking to try to find more emails or materials, and we know that this cyber attack on the dnc was likely done by russia. a

president was impeached and had to resign over an attack on the dnc during a presidential election in 1972." storm system hermine continues to spoil this holiday weekend for many along the eastern seaboard. even as the storm moved away from the coast, winds topped 70 miles an hour, churning up dangerous surf along beaches from north carolina to new jersey. residents in the norfolk, virginia, area coped with flooded streets following eight foot waves and a four foot storm surge. hermine has caused two deaths and downed power lines for hundreds of thousands of homes. for the past decade, mexico's government has been waging war against illegal drug cartels who are also fighting each other for control of territory and the u.s./mexico drug trade. the violence has led to an estimated 80,000 mexicans killed and 27,000 kidnapped.

a new a documentary premiering this month on the pbs program" pov" takes a closer look at the root causes the violence and its impact. the film is called "kingdom of shadows," and newshour weekend's ivette feliciano sat down with the director, bernardo ruiz. >> reporter: filmmaker bernardo ruiz, a dual mexican and american citizen, believes the loss of life due to rampant violence in mexico is not top of mind for most americans. through his documentary, kingdom of shadows, he wanted to change that. ruiz begins the film with a newscaster announcing the discovery of 49 mutilated bodies, followed by a mass grave holding 6,000 drug war victims. why did you decide to start your film that way? >> what i wanted to do in the film is give the viewer the sense of what it's like to be in a place where violence or these reports that are really horrific, that they're just part

of the daily texture, they're kind of in the background of your daily life. and unfortunately those of us who work in media news media, we know that in order to kind of convince an executive to tell a story, there needs to be a news peg. so these kind of ongoing intractable stories, they're really hard for us to tell. i've often thought that when you are trying to examine the u.s./mexico drug war, it's a little bit like the act of staring at the sun. you can't do it for very long. and rooting out the stories of corruption between public officials and organized crime, it's potentially deadly work. >> reporter: what is the cause of the violence? is it drug cartels at war over turf? >> one of the things that the film touches on is how violence in mexico related to the illicit drug trade, how it changed from what was arguably a kind of family model, a kind of cosolidated model where there

were fewer groups, it was more of a kind of top-down authoritarian kind of organized crime system, how it changed from that kind of consolidated model to this splintered and this much more violent, and in some ways much more lethal model. >> reporter: you talk a lot about the role of the zetas cartel. how did they change the face of the violence, the type of violence we in mexico today? >> what the zetas represent is that break from the kind of old top-down model. it was more about blood ties, these kind of deep networks of trust, people who'd grown up together. whereas with the zetas, these were men that were trained by the military. so these were highly professional, highly organized killers with a very clear hierarchical system. we actually obtained an interview with a low-ranking zetas cartel member who describes, in detail, how bodies

are doused in diesel and burned. >> ( translated ): sometimes they are innocent people. people that have nothing to do with it. >> to me, the kind of cold banality of that was surprising. >> reporter: in addition to interviews with mexican forensics investigators and human rights advocates, ruiz follows a u.s. drug enforcement officer who was born to undocumented mexican parents in a drug-ravaged texas neighborhood. >> it took a lot for me to join the border patrol. it took a lot for me to tell my dad. >> reporter: ruiz spoke to a white-american rancher who used to smuggle drugs into the u.s. from mexico. >> there was a multinational, international business. i was just a cog in the wheel. >> reporter: he also interviews an activist nun advocating for families of the people kidnapped or "disappeared" by drug cartels, and sometimes by mexican soldiers and police officers who are often in collusion with the gangs.

>> through her, i think we get a sense of the havoc, the damage that's been wreaked on this community in northern mexico. but it could be a stand-in for almost any region in mexico. the large numbers of people who have gone missing or been disappeared as a result of this drug war. i think there are very high profile cases that continue to demonstrate that both the federal government and many states throughout mexico are unable to provide kind of basic security for their citizens. >> reporter: speaking of the decisions of the powerful, can you briefly talk about what's been happening in mexico in recent years in terms of the government's either escalating the violence or cracking down on cartels? >> i think in terms of kind of taking the temperature of security of mexico and how things have changed over the last few years, it really

depends who you talk to. there are bubbles in mexico, there are people who are really protected from, inured from the violence, and then there are others who are confronting it in very direct ways. if you spent any time in mexico and you follow the protest movements, one of the chants you'll often hear is" narcoestado," the narco-state, that unholy mix of organized crime and political bureaucracy, those two things being interwoven. from my perspective, in essence what you have in mexico is a kind of perfect storm. you have terrible economic inequality. you have a very broken judicial system, and you also have the largest market for illicit narcotics just north of the border. >> reporter: what aspects of the violence and of this conflict do you think are highlighted in the film that are often misunderstood by people? >> i'm really baffled by why

this conflict that has claimed tens of thousands of lives, why it's become fodder for entertainment. you know netflix has narcos, about a year ago sicario came out. there's so much commercial media. while i appreciate the examination of that topic, i do feel like it's really been exploited and sensationalized and used in a way that really kind of removes it of its political context. >> reporter: what do you mean by that? >> i had this one moment in production where i was traveling early one morning with a sound mixer from the city of monterrey. he told me, he said, "i can't watch breaking bad." and i said, well what do you mean, and he said, "i can't watch it because there have been a few mornings when i get up to go to work, and i will have to drive under a bridge where there's a body hanging from a bridge. or i'll have to drive another way because there were bodies in the highway." and he said, "to me, it's not entertainment.

to me it's not fun. this is my day-to-day. i'm just trying to live my life." and i think that moment for me really encapsulates what's wrong with so much of that kind of big, commercial media exploitation, no matter how well-crafted, no matter how well-researched, no matter how entertaining it is. i still think there's a huge degree of exploitation when it comes to this pain. so what this film seeks to do in a kind of quiet way is just show the very real human cost of this war. >> reporter: are there any moments of hope? >> the families of the disappeared have been through the worst trauma imaginable, and yet they're still on their feet, and they have this incredible sense of dignity. and they continue to push for justice in a place where justice is really broken. and i think there's something in their faces, in the expression of their faces that conveys that sense of pain and also dignity. and i think communities on both sides of the u.s./mexico border continue to be extremely

resilient in the face of trauma. i think if there's any hope, it's in these communities participating in the kind of crafting of new legislation, and kind of reshaping the public dialogue around this thing that we call the drug war. >> sreenivasan: besides producing honey, bees play a critical part in agricultural production. roughly one-third of what we eat depends on honeybees for pollination, and as bees collect pollen for food, they spread it from one flower to another, which helps those plants reproduce. according to the federal department of agriculture, there are around 3 million bee colonies in the u.s., and while that's a drop from the historic highs decades ago, a resurgence in beekeeping-- even in cities-- is helping to reverse the trend. >> sreenivasan: on the roof of

the sofitel hotel in downtown philadelphia, 14 floors above the street, don shump manages four hives of honey bees. >> we actually took some frames out of this one. >> sreenivasan: each one contains as many as 100,000 bees. >> usually people go, ¡you're doing what on the roof in philadelphia and how high? and the conversation goes from there. >> sreenivasan: shump began beekeeping as a hobby, then five years ago, he quit his job as a web developer and became a beekeeper full time. he started the philadelphia bee company, and now handles about 65 beehives in 15 locations around the city. his bees produced more than 1,000 pounds of honey last year, an unusual agricultural bounty for an urban environment. >> being able to keep bees in an urban setting allows us to take advantage of the blight we have downtown. we have 40,000 abandoned lots in the city. bees really love the weeds that

we have. it gives us really interesting and complex honeys. when you bring bees downtown to an urban setting, you're getting all kinds of different plants. philadelphia in particular has a couple hundred years of botanical awesomeness going on. >> sreenivasan: about a mile and a half east of the hotel, shump manages eight more hives on the roof of shane confectionery, one of the oldest candy stores in the country. >> people don't know there are any hives here until i show up with a smoker and veil, and people go where are the bees? and i go... >> sreenivasan: some of the honey these bees produce will go on sale downstairs in the candy store. some will make its way into" honeycomb" ice cream at the franklin fountain next door. >> this one is going to be full of honey. that's beautiful. >> sreenivasan: honeybees are much more benign than wasps and other stinging insects, but it doesn't stop an occasional sting. >> you can actually see it twitch and burrow.

what you do is take your fingernail and pull it out. >> sreenivasan: shump is part of a growing movement of urban beekeepers around the country. philadelphia now has about 400 registered bee colonies and 75 beekeepers. cities that until recently restricted beekeeping-- like washington d.c., new york, and los angeles-- have lifted those restrictions. the movement is being embraced because the number of bee colonies in the u.s. had dropped dramatically in recent decades. >> in the 1940s, we had five million beehives in the united states. now we're about half that. we're just starting to see a resurgence in an interest in beekeeping. >> sreenivasan: that resurgence has led to an estimated 120,000 backyard beekeepers in the u.s., like suzanne matlock. >> this is where the queen is building a colony. >> sreenivasan: matlock began keeping hives on the front lawn

of her philadelphia home seven years ago. she became interested in beekeeping after hearing about colony collapse disorder, the sudden loss of 30 to 90% of bee colonies, which can lead to a shortage of bees needed to pollinate crops. >> maybe it'd make a tiny little difference if each person would keep a hive of bees, just like each person composts or recycles. >> sreenivasan: with a background in biology and chemistry, matlock is also working to prolong the life of bees, raising queen bees that can survive cold northeast winters. >> my goal is to come up with some great genetic livestock that survives pennsylvania winters and is nice and easy to work with. if you can get a little extra honey out of them, that's good too. >> sreenivasan: several times a year, matlock harvests the honey that her bees produce. >> slice down with a knife. >> sreenivasan: she removes the wax caps to get to the honey, and then uses a hand-powered centrifuge to extract it.

>> spin as fast as you can... >> sreenivasan: she says the taste changes with the seasons. >> fall honey is much darker than the spring honey. >> sreenivasan: hobbyists and part-timer beekeepers like matlock now account for 40% of u.s. honey production. >> look at how much we got just from four frames. >> sreenivasan: for matlock, though, tending to her hives is simply therapeutic. >> once i got over an initial fear of the bees when i was actually in the hive, i came to this point where i felt so serene. every time i'm working in the beehive, time passes really quickly. learn some of the most surprising facts about bees. visit us online at www.pbs.org/newshour. >> finally for aiming his camera lens at europe's, landscape. his photos documented thousands of refugees from syria and

beyond, crossing the aegean sea. he tried to be as close to the people as possible to feel what they were suffering. postlabor day sprint to election day, that's it for this edition. i'm hari sreenivasan, thanks for watching, have a good night. captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. judy and josh weston. the cheryl and philip milstein family. the john and helen glessner family trust. inspires.m that informs and sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we are your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for

public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you.

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