captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> sreenivasan: good evening. i'm hari sreenivasan. gwen ifill and judy woodruff are away. on the newshour tonight: the candidates campaign in florida-- we check in on this year's battleground map. also ahead, up in flames: samsung stops all production of their galaxy 7 smartphone for catching fire. plus, refugee children fleeing war find safety in greece, but face resistance at school in their new home. >> we have the right to teach our children. we like life, we like education. syrian people are very good workers. when we study they will be good in school. >> sreenivasan: all that and

more on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: lincoln financial is committed to helping you take charge of your future. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you.

thank you. >> sreenivasan: it was another contentious day on the campaign trail on the ground and online, as the candidates turn their focus to a handful of key states. lsa desjardins reports. >> oh what these politicians have done to us. >> reporter: the republican party's civil war raged again this morning on donald trump's favorite platform: twitter. the g.o.p. nominee sent a flurry of tweets criticizing his party, calling house speaker paul ryan an "ineffective leader" a day after ryan told g.o.p. members of congress he wouldn't defend trump. trump followed by calling his opponents within the party "disloyal republicans" who "don't know how to win." and in person trump was on the attack, too, who said the

shackles are off, speaking to thousands last night in wilkes- barre, pennsylvania he doubled down on jailing opponent hillary clinton if elected. >> lock her up is right. when i said we are going to get a special prosecutor to figure this deal out, i have never been so ashamed of this country as what's gone on with hillary clinton. >> reporter: clinton for her part was in miami this afternoon, joined on stage by a man who represents the importance of each florida vote- - former vice president, al gore. the democratic candidate made a new pitch to the middle class with a plan to expand the child tax credit. >> i'm running against a guy who denies climate change, who says it's a hoax created by the chinese. i can't wait to have al gore advising me when i am president of the united states.

>> reporter: the events' focus on climate change is part of a push for younger voters. clinton's not alone in sunshine state today, donald trump plans a rally on the florida panhandle tonight. that tells us something-- florida is one of ten states where campaigns are focused, where either clinton or trump has been in the last two weeks. five of those-- florida, pennsylvania, new hampshire, michigan and ohio-- have seen the most visits. clinton's rally in columbus ohio just last night drew one of her biggest crowds of the cycle-- some 18,000 people. both candidates now have just 28 days to reach what polls say are a shrinking number of undecided voters. for the pbs newshour, i'm lisa desjardins. >> sreenivasan: we'll have more on the fight in the battleground states and unpacking the latest hack of clinton campaign emails released by wikileaks. in the day's other news: russian jets resumed heavy bombing of aleppo, syria, after days of relative calm.

at least 16 people were killed there today, in air strikes on rebel-held neighborhoods. recent drone footage showed the scale of the devastation in eastern parts of the city. meanwhile, french president francois hollande criticized moscow's actions in syria. just as russian president vladimir putin canceled a trip to paris. >> ( translated ): i think it is necessary to have dialogue with russia. but it must be firm and frank otherwise it has no role to play, otherwise it's just a charade. so i'm ready to meet president putin if we can make progress on peace, stop the bombings and implement a ceasefire. >> sreenivasan: in southern syria, rebels fired rockets at government-held areas. one hit a primary school, killing at least six people-- mostly children. it's been another long day for thousands of people coping with the aftermath of hurricane matthew. the u.s. death toll rose to 30 today. half of those deaths were in north carolina. meanwhile, president obama signed a disaster declaration for south carolina. and, in hard-hit haiti, there were rising fears of disease. william brangham has our report

on the day's developments. >> reporter: main streets turned into waterways, as rescuers boarded boats and helicopters again today to search for people stranded in the deluge. some 1,500 people became trapped in the town of lumberton, north carolina when a river there began overflowing on sunday. this morning, north carolina governor pat mccrory urged those who could, to leave, and fast. >> get out, get out now. and right now we're hearing you are putting not only your life at jeopardy, you are putting our emergency rescue teams in jeopardy. >> reporter: one new death in the state was not by water: last night, state troopers shot and killed an armed man during a search and rescue mission. governor mccrory would only say the shooting happened under "very difficult circumstances." flood waters continue to inundate towns like lumberton after hurricane matthew poured more than a foot of water on eastern north carolina-- from the capital raleigh, south to fayetteville and beyond. interstate 95 was still inundated and blocked off near the south carolina border, severing the major north-south

route along the east coast for another day. hundreds of other roads were flooded or damaged, leaving whole neighborhoods cut off. in moore county, residents were evacuated late last night as crews worked until morning to shore up a dam threatening to burst. where the waters have receded, the damage is ruinous. bob swilley piled up 400 sandbags to protect his fayetteville print shop from the waters-- all in vain. >> saturday night this flooded over. you can see the damage here. it flooded over the road into the bottom of our building. that's where all of our equipment is. what we need is immediate help. >> reporter: the scale of the destruction is still unclear as flooding continues, but thousands of homes have been damaged already. and half a million are still without power throughout the southeast. still, nowhere was more devastated by hurricane matthew than the caribbean nation of haiti, where clean up efforts pressed on today amid catastrophic damage but another, potentially

deadlier crisis is emerging in the impoverished country. new cases of cholera have spiked dramatically due to a lack of safe water. an outbreak after the 2010 earthquake killed more than 10,000 people, and sickened 800,000. the world health organization said today it was sending one million doses of cholera vaccines to hinder any new epidemic. sean casey is the international medical corps' emergency response team leader for haiti. newshour reached him by phone in the port town of les cayes. >> reporter: even with the >> reporter: in the south, where hurricane matthew struck, about a quarter of the health facilities have been destroyed or severely damaged. for the pbs newshour, i'm william brangham.

>> sreenivasan: in china, more than a thousand protesters demonstrated today outside the defense ministry in beijing. many wore army uniforms, and stood for hours outside the ministry to denounce military downsizing, and problems with veterans' pensions. hundreds of police used buses and other vehicles to obstruct views of the protest. the world health organization called today for higher taxes on sugary drinks. officials at the u.n. health agency said it could cut consumption of the drinks, and help fight obesity and diabetes. as of 2014, 11% of men and 15% of women were classified as obese-- more than 500 million people worldwide. thousands of nurses in minnesota have reached a tentative deal to end a strike that began labor day. the governor announced the agreement after a 17-hour mediation between the minnesota nurses association and five hospitals. the nurses walked out over issues including health insurance. they're set to vote on the agreement thursday. and stocks fell sharply on wall street today, led by heavy losses in the health care sector

and a drop in oil prices. the dow jones industrial average plummeted 200 points to close at 18,128. the nasdaq fell nearly 82 points, and the s&p 500 lost 27. still to come on the newshour: samsung's mounting smartphone troubles, a look at must-win states for the presidential candidates, a country inundated with child refugees sends them to school, and much more. >> sreenivasan: it's an eventful day-- and a humbling one-- for the electronic giant samsung, the world's largest maker of smartphones. today the company announced it is halting production of its beleaguered galaxy note 7 phone. reports of the note 7 catching fire caused the company to issue a recall and then create replacement devices that were also found to be a fire risk. it comes-- coincidentally -- as

a prolonged battle between apple and samsung over money, patents and the designs of those phones you use went before the u.s supreme court today. jessi hempel is with backchannel, a web based platform that covers the tech world. tell us a little bit about the issues surrounding this. we've seen dribs and drabs of people saying, look at this burned-out battery, look at this burned-out shell. how long has this been going on? how serious it is? >> well, it's quite serious. it's really impossible to underestimate how serious this is for samsung. it's been a month and a half. you know, at first when the phones started catching fire, samsung acted decisively and immediately and got a lot of credit. they issued a recall. people went and returned their phone, and then the new phones started catching fire. that's when it became a very serious problem for samsung. it suggests that we really can't trust the brand, and frankly, when people think about this, yeah, maybe they'll remember that it's the samsung galaxy note 7, or maybe they'll just think about the brand name

samsung. >> sreenivasan: that's a big company. they make everything from washers and dryers to lots of other bigger things, but how important is this? this is sort of the flagship phone, the one they're supposed to be most proud of. >> this is their flagship phone. it's important for a couple reasons. first off, this was what they put forward to compete with apple's new iphone. and quite frankly, it doesn't work. it will be a huge financial loss for the company. now, it's hard to say exactly how much, and it will be a while before we know, but i've seen estimates put it at between $4 and $5 billion. so it's very important. >> sreenivasan: speaking of apple, they're in the supreme court today. what's their core disagreement between apple and samsung? >> you know, anybody who has watched samsung and apple ovr the last five years has seen this play out in ticktock, this ongoing fight between samsung and apple. what's at issue today is no longer the question of did samsung coppy apple.

yes, everyone has agreed that samsung has copied apple. it's not a question of should samsung pay apple. yes, the courts have agreed. samsung already paid apple. what is at question now is how much money does samsung really owe apple. now, the courts, the federal courts in california said according to the law, samsung owed the total profit on the phone that it ripped off pieces of the design from apple. samsung at this point is saying, wait, hold on a minute, why should we pay total profit. we're raising objection overthree design elements. surely we shouldn't have to pay the total profit for the phone just over three design elements. about deciding how much money either apple will continue to keep or if it would have to give it back? >> that's right. and, you know, the reason why this matters, the reason why the supreme court would even decide to look at this right now is because it raises the questions, the importance of design to a product. and that, of course, is a big

issue for silicon valley at large. and it's been a very long time. i think 130 years since the courts took up this issue of patent, of design patent. it gets to the question of what is core to a product? what differentiates it in the market. you know, it's funny. these three design elements, each on their own, they just don't seem that big. there's the question of the rectangle shape of the face of the phone. there's the question of the raised glass on the front of the phone, and then there's the question of the icons on the front of the phone. now, if you think about all these things, right, they have become central to what we think of as not just an iphone at thisoint, but a smartphone. apple says, hey, we get credit for that. we designed those. we own those. you owe us all of the money off the phones that ripped those off. samsung says, wait a minute, you know, parallel to this is like a car and a cup holder in the car. would you say that if i ripped off the design of a cup holder

in the car that i should pay you the total profit on the entire car? is that what differentiates it to the consumer? >> sreenivasan: jessi hempel from backchannel, thank you so much. >> thank you. >> sreenivasan: since friday, the anti-secrecy group wikileaks has been releasing emails that were hacked from the account of hillary clinton campaign chairman john podesta. the stolen messages detail how the campaign responded to important issues through the race for the white house. it is unclear who was behind this latest digital theft, but on friday the obama administration did blame russia for the hacking of the democratic party websites earlier this year, and attempts to breach state election systems, in order to influence the vote for president. today, white house spokesman josh earnest said there will be a u.s. response to the alleged russian hacking, he told reporters aboard "air force

one." with me now to sift through what all this means in both political and diplomatic terms are the newshour's margaret warner and lisa desjardins. lee centennial lisa, let's start with the e-mails. >> right. this latest jump, so people can keep track, began on friday. these are about 2,000 e-mails, a little bit more, coming from clinton campaign manager john podesta. big player in the clinton world for years. we see a standout note have s from a clinton 2013 speech to an italian bank. you may have seen that quote. in the speech that was referenced in the e-mails, which

was purported to say, "my dream is a hemispheric common market with open trade and open borders." obviously that's raising a lot of questions in this year of very heated talk about trade and especially after clinton herself came out against one of the largest in history trade deals, the trans-pacific partnership. that's probably the biggest headline that's come out of these e-mail, but also they include a great deal of campaign tactics, including a 71-page briefing, sort of research to some extent on burgoin. all -- exon bernie sanders. all of this was happening during that primary campaign. the clinton campaign is not confirming the authenticity of any of these e-mails. it's very important to say that wikileaks has posted these. we know they were hacked, so the authenticity is fair to question. the clinton campaign is saying this is from a state actor and this is obviously an illegal act in politics. >> sreenivasan: margaret, how did they discover this in the first place? >> not only did they come out on wikileaks, this latest batch, but there have been two other

sources, something called lucifer 2 and something called lucy leaks. and the u.s. government, intelligence officials and also many cyber experts have been sure for at a 90% degree of certainty for months that two russian spy, cyber spy agencies, one tied to russian intelligence, one tied to russian military intelligence, had been behind these. these have been known for months. f.b.i. director james comey did tell the congress, in fact, he said, we're trying to determine just what mischief is up to in connection with our election. so the difference between the hacking and the leaking, and the russian m.o., u.s. officials believe, is they do the hacking, and then they give them to other to do the leaking. >> sreenivasan: let's talk about the timing, coincidence or not in an election year? what's the political fallout? >> well, the fallout first of all has not been related directly to the content of these

e-mails. i think the worst fallout for hillary clinton is whenever the topic of e-mails come up. whenever the idea that she and her strategists are doing things in secret that the public don't know about. the truth is there is no indication of any wrongdoing. this is typical campaign operations for the most part in these e-mails. you could say you're not good on style or insight or whatever, but there is no indication of wrongdoing. instead the whole concept of e-mails and a shadowy clinton world is the problem, which they say is a shadow conspiracy. there are greater issues in that what these e-mails are doing is it's changing how a political operative communicates, for example, i know sources now who will not communicate over e-mail, who must communicate by phone. when our leaders aren't able to talk to each other over the most common device they use, that's a success for the opponents of the united states. that's something that maybe happened already. >> sreenivasan: margaret, that statement from josh earnest, that the u.s. has the potential

for a proportional esponse, what can the administration do? this is almost one of the first explicit moments where we said we are in an active cyber war. >> in which we outed another country. the only other one ever outed is north korea. russia has done previous hacks of u.s. government databases and so have the chinese. this time it was different. first, the reasons they did it, i was told by a senior cyber official, had a lot to do with the upcoming debate. julian assange said there would be a new dump. the administration strongly believes, as lisa said, this is all aimed to help trump and hurt clinton. so this was definitely at a time a very high tension with the russians anyway over aleppo, a way of trying the neutralize trump from saying, who knows if the russians are behind it. what's in the kit bag? a lot of things for the united states to retaliate, the name and shame may be the only thing it does. trying the put russia on notice that, look, you're crossing a line here because you're interfering with, as lisa said,

the sanctity of the american election system, it's not the communication, it's sewing mistrust and doubt. but certainly if the u.s. wanted to turn out all the lights in moscow, it could, but russia could do the same to new york. so the administration has been reluctant to get into any kind of cyber war. >> sreenivasan:convenient margaa desjardins, thanks. the head of wikileaks, julian assange, has said they could release 100,000 pages of new material before the election. we turn now to take a closer look at two key battleground states. john yang is our guide. >> reporter: early voting begins tomorrow in ohio and arizona, two states where the presidential candidates are running neck-and-neck. from ohio, long-considered a political bellwether, we are joined by karen kasler, she's statehouse bureau chief for ohio public radio and tv, and christopher conover is a reporter for arizona public media, where polls show the grand canyon state could turn blue this year for the first time in decades.

karen and christopher, thanks so much for joining us. let me start in arizona. christopher, the republican presidential nominee has won arizona every election but one since 1948. why is it so close this time? >> this year is i think just an interesting year. 1996, bill clinton was the last democrat to win. if you look at arizona when it comes to voter registration, the state is split almost evenly in thirds with independents, republicans, and democrats making up those large portions. independents are the largest bloc. they picked up 51,000 new voters just this week. so the state is split very interestingly along political lines. and arizona's always marched to its own drummer a little bit also politically. >> yang: karen, ohio has always been a swing state, a decider in elections.

what are the forces shaping the race this time? >> i think you have polling in ohio before the tape over the weekend were released that showed that clinton and trump were very, very close. the quinnipiac poll last week had trump up by five points. the monmouth poll had clinton up by two points some a very close race. you have three major markets. you have a lot of rural voters. you have a lot of things going on here. and trump is reaching out to voters in some of these areas where republicans haven't necessarily done well. that's what the republican party chair has even said, and you see trump going to areas like youngstown, which is typically democratic, that has a lot of blue collar voters that trump seems to be reaching. he reaches a lot of voters in areas where the unemployment rate is higher than it is nationally. and so you have that going on, but clinton has also reached out. she was just here yesterday with her largest crowd to date at ohio state university. she's reaching out in some of these areas. you have these two forces together. this is clinton's first appearance back in ohio for

quite a while. some people wondered if she would abandon the buckeye state, but her campaign said that was absolutely not the case. in fact, president obama will be here on thursday. donald trump will also be here on thursday. we start early voting tomorrow statewide in ohio, so i think that's part of the reason why both those campaigns will be here. >> yang: karen, you mentioned that videotape. what is the... is it too early to tell or can you tell what the impact is in ohio? >> i think there are a lot of undecided voters who are concerned about that tape. you have a lot of christian evangelical voters, a lot of voters who are independent voters who are very concerned about that tape. and donald trump's weakness has been in some republican counties like the state's most republican county, delaware county, which is just north of columbus. he had not done well there. that's a county i think he's hoping to get. so i think it's a little early to really figure out what the impact of those tapes will be. matt borges has talked to donald

trump and there could be problems. and so i think there are a lot of republicans who are questioning that right now, and, of course, you have three major republican office holders in ohio, governor john kasich, u.s. senator rob portman and state auditor dave yost who over the weekend came out and said they would no longer vote for donald trump. in a year where endorsements haven't mattered a whole lot, i'm wondering what the impact of that will be. >> yang: christopher new york arizona, of course, senator john mccain over the weekend said he would no longer... he would split from donald trump. is it... can you tell yet what the impact is among voters of that videotape? >> we really can't tell yet. as you said, senator mccain, who has had a rocky relationship with donald trump, officially split from him this weekend. we've had others like the current governor, doug ducey, repudiated the statement and say they were terrible things but did not pull his support away, and former governor jan brewer

who has campaigned with donald trump in arizona, was at the debates this weekend, also had nothing good to say about the tape, but is still very openly supporting donald trump. so it's a little early to say how it will all play out here in arizona also. >> yang: christopher, in arizona, about 30% of the voting public is hispanic. a lot of rhetoric about hispanics and immigration, illegal immigration in this campaign. how is -- has that affected that voting bloc? >> as you said, about 30% of the state is hispanic. what's interesting is we don't know how they're going to vote because arizona on its voter registration form does not ask anything about race. so we only have to guess how they are registered to vote. that group is registered to vote. nationally we know that about 69% of hispanics will vote in

this election. that's what they're saying. and the majority of them skew toward the democratic party. however, in arizona we have some very high-profile republican hispanics. so it will be very interesting to see how that hispanic vote comes down, especially with so much that goes on with immigration in this campaign. and in arizona, immigration isn't necessarily something we talk about, especially in southern arizona. it's just part of life. >> yang: karen, in ohio with the close poll, the voter turnout, getting out the vote will be so important, what's the ground game look like in ohio, especially since, as you pointed out, donald trump has been denied in a way that great ground organization that john kasich, the governor, has put together? >> one thing that's interesting here, first of all, the hillary clinton campaign and the democrats have said their ground game is excellent, it's the same kind of ground game they had in 2008 and 2012 when barack obama won ohio. you also have an interesting

thing that happened in the primary when john kasich was still on the ballot. you had a lot of people who voted republican in that primary. so we end up now at this point where there are 1.9 million people in ohio who are affiliated with the republican party, 1.1 million people affiliated with the democratic party. there's potentially more people the print party could reach out to. whether they will come back and vote republican again remains to be seen. so i think the idea that the republican party that is not necessarily united behind donald trump, even though the ohio republican party chair says he's still going to be working for trump at least at this point in time. others are saying they're not. without that organization and that unification, will they be able to reach all those voters and get those people to come out over hillary clinton and her ground game? >> yang: karen kasler in columbus, ohio, christopher conover in tucson, arizona, thanks so much for joining us. >> thanks.

>> sreenivasan: on our website: what does weather have to do with democracy? a making sense columnist examines how rain-- and yes, hurricane damage and flooding-- can affect elections. that's at pbs.org/newshour. >> sreenivasan: stay with us. coming up on the newshour: for- profit colleges under fire from the federal government, and the french composer who transformed animals into a musical masterpiece. but first, the greek government has begun a pilot program to educate refugee children, stranded in the country because nations along the migrant trail to northern europe have closed their borders. it is estimated there are more than 20,000 children in refugee camps in greece. the plan is being resisted by some greeks, who say they worry about refugees carrying infections, and also about the cultural change the plan might bring; there have been protests in a number of towns. special correspondent malcolm brabant has been looking at the

issue, and starts his report from filippiada in western greece. >> reporter: what's your name? >> hello, my name's mohammed. >> reporter: where are you from? >> i'm from syria. >> reporter: and whereabouts in syria are you from? >> i live in damascus. >> reporter: what's your name? >> my name is selma. >> i'm sad because i don't have school now. and i want to go to school actually. >> i'd like now to go to school. but i can't. here i don't have school, but i want to go to school. >> reporter: the children's formal education ended 15 months ago when they left syria. their father is ammar zaitoon. >> i have three children. two of them were in school. and they always get top marks. >> reporter: like tens of thousands of other refugees, the zaitoons wanted to settle elsewhere, but are now stuck in greece where anti-migrant sentiment is significant,

especially over the issue of education. >> we were disappointed for that. we want to know why do they not want our children to go to school. we'd like something like to speak with them just in order to knowing us, more and more. that we are simple people. we have the right to teach our children. we are simple people. we like life, we like education. syrian people are very good workers. and when they study, they will be good in school. >> reporter: the family lives in filippiada, a small town in western greece. the parent teacher association told the education ministry that under no circumstances would they accept children from a nearby camp, citing fears about cultural differences and infectious diseases. they claimed their presence would alter the greek character of the schools. most parents we approached refused to talk. but christos gartzis spoke up.

>> ( translated ): the education issue is not a problem for us, as all these children have the right to education, but first of all the government have to solve their housing problems. they must be relocated to more modern facilities. these children are going to be permanently ill during the winter with colds and coughs, viruses and maybe even pneumonia. what kind of schooling will we be able to offer them then? >> reporter: several hundred refugees mainly from syria and afghanistan live in tents in a former army base on the outskirts of filippiada. there are about 150 children who do have the occasional lesson from volunteers. but mostly they while away the hours playing. filippiada's rejection of refugee children has put it beneath an unfavorable spotlight, and the conservative mayor nikolas kalantzis has been trying to limit the damage to the town's reputation. >> ( translated ): this is a

rather unique issue in that the people who have come here don't actually want to stay here. they want to move on and are seeking ways to do so. this is a matter of trying to manage an interim period for these people-- at least that's the way i see it. and of course this is not just a problem for filippiada, but also for greece itself and in general europe, too, since extreme racist and nationalist feelings are on the rise. but in no way whatsoever could filippiada be considered as a racist town. >> reporter: like every aspect of life in greece, education has been hit by the country's six year long financial crisis. the government has been forced to lay off teachers, and schools like this are being run on half the budget available before the country went bankrupt. but headmaster george gioldasis is a strong believer in the universal right of children to an education. >> ( translated ): problems definitely exist, but we the teachers together with the parents and parent-teacher's association, as well as the citizens of this town are trying to solve them with the limited

resources we have from the municipality for education. we're trying to at least solve the basic problems at the moment, but in my opinion much more funding is going to be required in order to be able to provide the infrastructure and prerequisites necessary for the integration of refugee children into our schools. >> reporter: greece's education minister says the country has an obligation to provide schooling for refugee children and he's announced a program where six schools will open up in athens and there'll be three others in towns around the country. now the minister says this initiative will spread throughout greece through october. the money to pay for it is supposed to be coming from a $1 billion fund provided to greece by the european union, which is supposed to help during the refugee crisis. but there's been strong resistance from nationalists in the northern town of oraiokastro.

the rally organizers insisted they were just concerned citizens. but some rhetoric sounded similar to that of the ultra right golden dawn party. a riot police cordon prevented clashes with about 200 left wing protestors. the demonstrators emphasized their orthodox christian heritage and abhorrence of islam. organizer spiros haravopoulos says his ancestors were victims of a turkish genocide on the black sea nearly a century ago. "we are the greeks, that's who we are," he shouts. "this is a place where history is never forgotten, especially greece's 400 years under the islamic ottoman empire. >> ( translated ): of course we care about the refugees, but let them go to other countries where their own religion is widely practiced-- such as saudi arabia, qatar, the united arab emirates. we have nothing against the refugees, but they've been brought here without anyone having asked us if we want them here. other people can't be allowed to

decide what we want without us being asked first, and that's why we're protesting here tonight. apart from the fact that they have been terrifying the people here, members of the same government that was voted into power by citizens of this place are calling us nazis. >> reporter: "greece belongs to the greeks," bellowed lawyer dimitris mihakis as he whipped up the crowd. >> ( translated ): are we supposed to allow this and turn the schools into those for the minority? do they want a greek minority here in greece? we will not permit greek schools to be turned into minority schools. the plan is obviously to cause problems and unrest in this country in order to satisfy some other fanciful geo-strategic plans which they have in mind for us. >> reporter: despite being the object of fear, suspicion and hate, ammar zaitoon is remaining calm. >> ( translated ): we know the greek people were living the same situation as refugees in the past. and actually, they are good people.

i know sometimes you don't want to see other people in your country. sometimes you don't want to see refugees in your country. we respect that. but even so, they are very good with us. they receive us, and they are trying to help us the best as they can. >> reporter: as the rally organizers danced in the rain, they were condemned as fascists by the left wing protestors, who chanted slogans in support of the refugees. "fatherland, faith, and family." "long live greece," he cried. the government's determination to provide classes nationwide will be severely tested. a new battleground awaits the war children. for the pbs newshour, i'm malcolm brabant in northern greece.

>> sreenivasan: this has been a tough fall in the world of for- profit colleges, and for some of the students who attend them. the latest case: the bankruptcy and abrupt shutdown of i.t.t., one of the largest for-profit technical schools. its 130 campuses were closed last month after the department of education said it could no longer enroll new students who relied on federal loans and grants to attend. the obama administration cited problems with its accreditation and concerns that it was misleading students. that has left about 35,000 students up in the air over their future. and it is the subject of our weekly segment on education, "making the grade." paul fain of the news site, inside higher ed, joins me now. so tell us, why is i.t.t. shutting down? how important are they in the pantheon of the for-profit school system? >> they're one of the biggest, one of the oldest,

most-established for-profit companies with campuses in 38 states. they used to have campuses in 38 states. so definitely one of the most important players. several tough years, hemorrhaging students and revenue. then they got hit with several investigations and lawsuits, federal and state, some serious charges, consumer financial protection burrow, the s.e.c. both pursuing them legally, and then you had an acreditor raising questions about their record keeping, and the fed finally said, too much risk for those students and taxpayers. there were just several sanctions that were really the end of the company. >> sreenivasan: what about those 35,000 students? what do they do? >> they are in a tough bind. they have two major choices. they can elect to have their debt forgiven. all the aid they received, the loans, they can have forgiven by the federal government. but if they do that, their credits don't transfer. if they seek to continue their

program somewhere else, which might be tough as is, they might not be able to find an option or a similar program nearby, those credits won't count. >> sreenivasan: who is the demographic who goes to these schools? >> you're looking at working adult, often the first in their family to go to college, many veterans at i-95 and other for-profits and working adults looking the advance themselves, maybe to break enter a career, maybe to get a credential so they can get out of a low-pay job, folks who are working at night, weekends to try to really advance themselves. >> sreenivasan: it wasn't easy for them. now they put in this time and if their credits don't transfer, they might be back the square one. >> no matter what you think of i.t.t., you have to feel sorry or really concerned about these students, because a lot of them are trying to get ahead to advance themselves. >> sreenivasan: put this in context. this isn't the first school, but this is the latest school in the for-profit world that's had

problems. we heard about corinthian a while back. >> correct. corinthian was even larger, 72,000 students. a couple years ago it shut down. now what remains of it in a different owner's hands is only about 10,000 students. a few years ago one in ten students in america were for-profit institutions. that's declined to about 6% of the total. so really an existential crisis for these companies. and there's a lot of reasons for that. it's not clear what the future is for for-profit higher education. >> sreenivasan: is it the business modle? you used to see ads non-stop. it was competitive. it was devry, i.t.t., phoenix online. there were so many different opportunities. >> and they were booming. you had massive growth coming right after the recession as folks dropped out of the economy and were really trying to retool themselves and these schools reached out to them. they tended to be better than their competitors when it comes to advertising because they had

the money to do that. but several factors have hit them. first of all, the recovery has recovered a little bit. so you have fewer folks looking to go back to school to try to find a job. you have just waves of bad publicity, investigations, criticism by the media, by lawmakers, primarily democrats, which i think has taken a toll. i think the word "for-profit" has a bit of a stigma. that's the company themselves that say that. i think it's a harder sell. a lot of them are a little bit more expensive than community colleges. they say they offer more services to help students, but it's a little harder to get someone to pay $15,000 or more to go to one of these programs. >> sreenivasan: what do the executives of these companies say about their plight and how the environment has changed? >> first of all, they say they have been treated unfairly, that this administration and senate democrats have cracked down on them more than the rest of higher education. there are questions about all of

higher education's return on investment, the value of a degree. i think it's quite clear the best way to get a job is to get a degree, but people are concerned about student debt on the whole. for-profit higher education has really received i think the first wave of aggressive federal policy to try to make sure students are getting what they pay for. >> sreenivasan: paul fain of the news site inside higher ed. thanks for joining me. and speaking of student debt, college affordability has become an issue in the election. we've been taking a look at what's behind the growth of that debt-- and just how big a problem it is. it's part of our year-long series, "how the deck is stacked," funded by the corporation for public broadcasting. our partners at "frontline" and "marketplace" put together a video explainer that's been drawing some attention for laying out the landscape of student debt. "marketplace" host kai ryssdal is our guide.

>> reporter: today, student debt is a staggering $1.3 trillion. but how bad is it for the economy? and for the people holding all that debt? there's a debate going on, and some experts argue, maybe it's not as bad as we think. i'm kai rysdall and this is how the deck is stacked. $1.3 trillion. so how did we get here? one reason for the growth is simply because many more people have been going to college. during the great recession, when the economy tanked, a lot of people couldn't get a job, so they decided to go back to school, and most people can't pay for school without taking out some student loans. in 2008, about 29 million people held student debt. by 2015, that was up to 40 million people. more people in school equals more overall debt. at the same time, the cost of college also went up, while state funding for higher education went down. but despite the rise in debt, some experts say that this idea of a "crisis" is overblown. student debt is much smaller

than mortgage debt, and so they say, shouldn't tank the economy. they also argue that for most of those 40 million people, taking on the debt is going to be okay. the reality is only 8% of debt holders owe $75,000 or more. and many of those people went to graduate school, which should increase their earning potential. then there are the majority of borrowers-- almost 70%-- who owe less than $25,000. now that still is a whole lot of money for most of us. but on average, people with a bachelor's degree make $20,000 more a year than those with only a high school diploma. so while it may be a struggle in the short term, chances are most will be able to pay it off. but then there are the people who are really hurting. people who took out loans, but didn't finish school. most of them owe less than $10,000. they won't be getting the pay boost from a degree, and yet still have to pay back that

debt. with bills to pay, interest accruing, and fees, they can get behind pretty quickly. for this group, a $10,000 bet might not have been worth it. but for the majority of us, the investment might be. yet many of us don't feel that way. we know that because you told us. in our marketplace/edison research poll, nearly 40% of you said the education wasn't worth the debt. why is this? well, we're not anxious about college debt in a vacuum. we've got a lot of other economic worries on our mind. >> sreenivasan: that video actually was produced for the web in 360-degrees, where you can point your phone in any direction to look around the story. you can see the full story by going to frontline's facebook page. >> sreenivasan: now, the "carnival of animals" and a famous composer who felt he was celebrated for the wrong thing. camille st. saens would have celebrated his 181st birthday this past weekend.

once again, pianist rob kapilow joins jeffrey brown to explore what makes great music. >> reporter: rob kapilow, welcome. >> thanks for having me. >> reporter: so today we're marking the birthday of camille saint-saens, right, so this is a story of a great composer who didn't quite get the legacy that he wanted. >> during his lifetime, i mean he was a famous composer, one of the most famous composers in the world writing serious operas, serious symphonies. >> reporter: tell us a little bit about him. >> well you know, he was also one of the world's greatest musical prodigies. in fact many people think he was even more of a prodigy than mozart or mandelson. he started piano at two and a half, he wrote his first piece at four and a half. made a public debut at 10 in which not only did he play two concertos, and write his own cadenza, but for an encore he offered to play any beethoven sonata from memory that the audience wanted. that's 32 sonatas at the age of 10. one of the great musical protéges utterly famous, yet then for a joke he writes this piece that literally became his legacy.

>> reporter: so carnival of the animals, written as a kind of joke for a friend, becomes this famous piece, tell us about it. >> yeah, it was a little party piece, and in it he took 14 animals in this grand zoological fantasy, is what he called it. ♪ and each movement turns an animal, somehow, into music. the simplest way is to take the sound of the actual animal, and in the first movement that's what happens, a lion's roar is turned into music. ♪ ♪ but sometimes, for example in hemiones, which is a wild tibetan donkey, famous for running at blinding speed up and down rough mountains, he turns the idea of the animal into music, and turns that into two pianists running up and down the keyboard at blinding speed in unison. ♪

♪ >> reporter: he also has this movement called the pianists. >> it's like a joke, based on the scale, it's based on these ridiculous scales that pianists do, maybe that's the animal that annoys the neighbors when the pianists are actually playing. ♪ >> reporter: pianists as animals. >> pianists as animals, anybody can be a joke. >> reporter: one movement, the swan, next to last movement, did become hugely, maybe the most famous part. >> it became the most famous piece he ever wrote, and it's interesting, it's the only movement that he actually allowed to be published during his lifetime. >> reporter: i visited with yo- yo ma last year for a piece for the newshour, and he played the swan for us. ♪ ♪

so what makes the swan work so well? >> well i think writing the piece so quickly gave him access to one of the most beautiful, simple, melodies he ever wrote. i mean it starts off with nothing, but the two pianos being the rippling waters, and a little crest of a wave, then everything focuses on the cello. there were only three ideas, a swan's neck dips, the same idea lower, then the swan's neck rises gracefully on a long note, and then a simple scale, but one note makes it great, we stretch it out, instead of this we get this beautiful high note on the cello. ♪ ♪

we go on a journey with this, we come back, we repeat the whole thing a second time, and there's a beautiful epilogue at the end telling us the message, and we then for the first time all of a sudden the rippling waters stop, we know something important is being shared with us now. we go on a journey with this, we come back, we repeat the whole being the rippling waters, and a little crest of a wave, then everything focuses on the cello.

and a brand-new register, the pianos take over, those rippling waters become the topic. and we finish with one last wave. >> sreenivasan: so the swan is the only part he did allow to be published, but the rest of it... >> he wanted it to go away, he said it would be published after he dies, but he was really worried. legacy was an imtant issue. he was a serious french composer. that was not what he wanted to be known for. but somehow what snuck into this piece was the most exquisite, pure, simple, beautiful melody that he ever wrote, "the swan." >> brown: thank you very much. >> thanks so much, jeff. ♪

>> sreenivasan: and later tonight on "frontline:" a deep dive look into one of the united states' biggest foreign policy challenges. "confronting isis" the film uses on-the-ground reporting and interviews with key leaders to try to unravel the multi- dimensional war that has the u.s. and russia competing on the mid-east battlefield, particularly in syria. >> suddenly, boom, the russians have bombing. >> russian air strikes have killed hundreds of civilians an caused massive destruction to residential area. >> but the russians were not bombing isis. >> the question of exactly who is russia targeting? >> what they said they were going to do is come in and fight isil and use their influence to move assad aside and thereby end the civil war in syria, which has been one of the causes of the whole fertile ground for isil. they didn't do either of those

things. >> so they lied to you? >> well, they certainly had a very different interpretation of combating isil. >> sreenivasan: "frontline" airs tonight on most pbs stations. on the newshour online right now: some years it's bittersweet, some years it's just bitter. but loving the cubs has been a past-time for the newshour's murrey jacobson since he was a boy. now, with sons of his own, he has a new feeling this year. read all about it on our website: pbs.org/newshour. and that's the newshour for tonight. >> that's the "newshour" for tonight. on wednesday we look at the surprising way portland, oregon, discovered shocking levels of air pollution. i'm hari sreenivasan. join us tomorrow evening for all of us at the pbs "newshour." good night. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by:

lincoln financial is committed to helping you take charge of your future. >> the ford foundation. working with visionaries on the frontlines of social change worldwide. >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security. at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you.

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