captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> sreenivasan: good evening. i'm hari sreenivasan. judy woodruff is away. on the newshour tonight, president-elect donald trump begins assembling a team for his white house transition. what these moves say about the future administration. also ahead this tuesday, a look at what's behind the surge in hate crimes since the election, and how race relations could change under a trump presidency; a look at the lives transformed by the paris attacks. one man's journey to find peace, one year later. >> i saw absolutely extraordinary events that have changed my view on myself, have changed my view on humanity, entirely. >> sreenivasan: all that and more, on tonight's pbs newshour.

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thank you. >> sreenivasan: president-elect trump has spent another day huddling with advisors on key cabinet jobs. vice president-elect mike pence led the arrivals today at trump tower in new york. another advisor dismissed concerns that mr. trump is staying out of sight. >> i think he's, you know, he's making phone calls to leaders and they're calling him. he's having people come in and you're probably in the best place to be here and watch who's coming and going. and he's just talking as it's appropriate. >> sreenivasan: the president- elect was heard from today, on losing the popular vote to hillary clinton. he tweeted: "if the election were based on total popular vote, i would have campaigned in new york, florida and california and won even bigger and more easily." president obama urged world leaders today to heed the lessons of donald trump's election. the president spoke in athens, after talks with greek prime minister alexis tsipras. he said voters are scared their children will be less well off,

and he issued a warning: >> we are going to have to guard against a rise in a crude sort of nationalism, ethnic identity, or tribalism, that is built around an "us and a them. " >> sreenivasan: the president also defended his own economic record, saying, "the country's indisputably better off." france and the u.n. today stepped up appeals to president- elect trump not to quit a global accord on climate change. french president francois hollande said dropping out of the paris agreement would be disastrous for future generations. u.n. secretary ban ki-moon agreed, but said he's sure the incoming president "will make a good and wise decision." house speaker paul ryan has won the unanimous support of his fellow republicans to stay on the job. their vote today clears the way for the full house to make it official, come january. before today's vote, ryan said he's ready and eager, with republicans controlling both

congress and the white house, starting next year. >> welcome to the dawn of a new unified republican government. it feels really good to say that actually. this will be a government that's focused on turning president- elect trump's victory into real progress for the american people. our team is very excited and we cannot wait to get to work. >> sreenivasan: meanwhile, democrats delayed their leadership contest for another two weeks, amid dissatisfaction over the election results. it's unclear if minority leader nancy pelosi will face a serious challenge, but more than two dozen democrats asked to delay the vote. in syria, a three-week break in air strikes on aleppo is over. syrian planes blasted rebels in the city today, and russia launched a new air offensive elsewhere. russian jets from an aircraft carrier and long-range missiles hit targets in two provinces. moscow says they targeted islamic state militants and others. the state department is playing down findings that american troops and the c.i.a. may be

guilty of war crimes in afghanistan. the report comes from the international criminal court. in it, the chief prosecutor says detainees were subjected to "torture, cruel treatment, and outrages upon personal dignity" between 2003 and 2014. the u.s. is not part of the court, but any american who's indicted could still face prosecution. police in germany carried out raids today on nearly 200 apartments, offices and mosques tied to a newly banned islamist group. it allegedly recruited youths to fight in iraq and syria. officers collected troves of documents, hard drives and weapons as evidence. the raids took place in more than 60 cities. there's word that chinese software in some android phones automatically sends data back to a server in china. "the new york times" reports the software monitors locations, call logs and text messages. international customers and users of disposable or prepaid phones are most affected. the data collection could be

for advertising usage, or intelligence. and on wall street, energy stocks led the market higher as oil prices surged 6%, amid talk that opec will cut output. the dow jones industrial average gained 54 points to close at 18,923. the nasdaq rose 57 points, and the s&p 500 added 16. still to come on the newshour: what the president elect's staff picks tell us about his policies; expectations for race relations during a trump administration; a psychotherapist's struggle with his own trauma one year after the paris attacks, and much more. >> sreenivasan: now we turn to president-elect trump's transition to the white house, and how his team is tackling the handover of executive reins. for that we are joined by alex isenstadt of politico.

alex, you're reporting on this subject. where do things stand? >> it's a transition that's very much in flux. you're starting to see a pattern here of a donald trump sort of overseeing a process that very much was sort of like his campaign. there was a little bit of chaos involved. you're sort of starting to see some of that chaos seep into the transition a little bit, and perhaps this is... perhaps this provides an indication of what donald trump's management leadership style will be like once he gets to the white house. >> sreenivasan: chris christie was demoted last week, mike pence replaced him. there's been only internal strife. mike rogers stepped down. what was behind that? >> mike rogers, he was very close to chris christie, who last week was pushed aside in a leadership shuffle putting vice president-elect mike pence in charge. this is something you also saw during the campaign where donald

trump went through several different campaign managers. he's now going through a few different transition heads. again, you're starting to see a pattern emerge here. >> christa: in. >> sreenivasan: in the grand scream of things, does it matter? i couldn't tell you who managed the last three, four, any president? >> it's a great question. this is inside baseball. but to some degree it does indicate perhaps something about donald trump's leadership style, how he oversees things, and exactly how he's going to make some decisions. this comes at a time when a lot of americans are looking for more information on how donald trump is going to lead and how he makes key decisions. >> sreenivasan: there also seems to be this tension. he ran as an outsider. he wanted people outside of washington. now when you have lots and lots of jobs to fill, he's calling on some insiders. >> absolutely. look at the names that you're hearing talked of for top jobs, people like rudy giuliani, people like jeff sessions, the alabama senator. these people are to some degree insiders, but they also share a

similar trait, which is that they were all loyal to him during the campaign. and during a campaign when a lot of republicans sught to distance themselves from donald trump, he's priding loyalty and he's looking to those who were loyal to him during the campaign, who stood behind him. >> christa:. >> sreenivasan: he's also now getting the intelligence briefing on a daily basis that president obama gets. how is that influencing some of the decisions he has in front of him? >> it's unclear. it's also unclear exactly how this is shaping who is going to be getting some of these top posts. there was some reporting over the last day or so that trump wanted clearance for his children and for his son-in-law jared kushner to also be getting these security clearances. the transition committee, rather, pushed back on that reporting. but look, it's clear. this is a guy who is new to government. he's new to this kind of thing, and he's now for the first time getting this information. >> sreenivasan: are transition teams the place where you start to reward your friends who have been loyal to you for so long

and maybe government position, as well? >> welk you look back at george w. bush's administration. he selected people who were very close to his family, to his father, and so you do see some of that, but it's interesting. you look at the people who donald trump is looking at, even people who he has already selected, reince priebus, stephen bannon, those are people who played key roles in his campaign and now are going to be overseeing his white house. >> sreenivasan: alex isenstadt of politico, thank you so much. >> thank you. >> sreenivasan: just this past weekend, president-elect trump announced his picks for two key posts in the white house. r.n.c. chairman reince priebus will serve as white house chief of staff; and stephen bannon, executive chairman of brietbart news, will serve as mr. trump's chief strategist and senior counselor. our john yang has more. >> yang: for more on these two men tapped to advise the president, we're joined by mark leibovich, chief national correspondent for the "new york times" magazine; and joshua green, senior national correspondent for bloomberg businessweek.

josh, mark, thanks for joining us. josh, let me start with you. you profiled steve bannon more than a year ago before a lot of people realized who he was. that's the employment that's gaining a lot of controversy. just this afternoon senator harry reid, the democratic leader in the senate, took to the senate floor and criticized bannon in pretty harsh terms. >> if trump is serious about seeking unity, the first thing he should do is rescind his appointment of steve bannon. rescind it, don't do it. think about this. don't do it. as long as a champion of racial division is a step away from the oval office, it will be impossible to take trump's efforts to heal the nation seriously. >> yang: josh, who is steve bannon, and why is he attracting all this criticism? >> well, bannon is an odd and interesting character. he's a former goldman sachs banker who became radicalized into the tea party movement and eventually wound up as the publisher of bright bart news, which is the hard right pop

populist web site that was an early champion of trump's. i think the reason he's so controversial is breitbart publishes a lot of things that are vaguely racist, anti-semitic, far, far outside the bounds of what would ordinarily be considered acceptable in u.s. politics, but i think there's quite a bit of shock at the fact that he's been elevated to a senior position in the trump white house. >> yang: you talk about breitbart news. we have some headlines to show to give people an idea of what breitbart news is. bill kristol, republican spoiler, renegade you. gabby giffords, the gun control move. 's human shield. the solution to online harassment is simple: women should log off. how much of breitbart is steve bannon, and how much of steve bannon is breitbart? >> well, bannon doesn't write often, and i don't think he likes the headlines, but he's sort of the pirate captain and

the guy ultimately responsible for what's published there. if you know beenon and if you read breitbart news, essentially they set out to shock and scandalize and upset people by targeting both political establishments. in internet language, they're essentially a trolling operation. ordinarily these people exist on the fringes of journalism and on the fringes of politics. and what's so unusual here is that bannon has now been brought into the west wing of the white house. >> yang: josh, i guess what i'm asking is you spent a lot of time with banon last year. how much of what you see on breitbart news is reflective of who bannon is? >> well, he is certainly a controversialist. he's someone who enjoys being an outsider and throwing rocks. i can only speak to what i saw personally. and bannon, as i mention, he's a former goldman sachs banker, he

reminded me a lot of other wall street bankers i have encountered, testosterone-addled and vaguely sexiest but certainly not anti-semitic or racist. >> yang: you spent a lot of time with reince priebus for a profile you did in the "times" magazine. tell us who he is and why his appointment is sort of being looked on as a reassuring thing among establishment republicans. >> well, priebus is the ultimate party guy. he's basically worked for the republican party his entire life. he's a lawyer by trade, but he's been the rnc chair for the last five or six years now, and he's come up through the ranks through wisconsin. he very much is actually the establishment that donald trump ran against, that steve bannon has built a lot of his career sort of trying to target and trying to embarrass and trying to take down. so it's a really kind of

interesting if not somewhat bizarre coupling there. now, reince priebus, it's been said, had maybe the most thankless job in american politics over the last six to eight months trying to make... turn the party of lincoln or shepherd the party of lincoln into the party of trump without alienating everyone. i think to his prize and everyone's surprise, he wound up on the winning end last week, and now he developed a good relationship with donald trump. lo and behold, donald trump has named him his chief of staff. so in a way priebus goes from having the most thankless job in american politics to having the most thankless job many american government. so we'll see how he handles the transition. he's obviously uniquely qualified for thanklessness. >> yang: mark, if he was what donald trump was running against, why do you think donald trump picked him and what do you think priebus's goals are in the trump white house? >> if there is one unifying thing we've seen in every

appointment or even rumored appointment that donald trump has made or is yet to make, it's that he is loyal. and he likes having his people around. and paul ryan -- or reince priebus and paul ryan are very, very close. priebus spent a lot of time trying the broker some kind of working relationship between the republican speaker of the house and the republican nominee, who had very much cross-purposes. now, steve steve bannon, very different in outlook and temperament and personality than reince priebus, but they both became sort of first among equals or have become first among equals in that they both were very loyal the trump. that seems to be the first thing that donald trump looks for in order in his world, who has been nice to him, who has been loyal to him, who he feels he can count on. that's what we're seeing. they beth have those qualifications. >> yang: josh, you know both reince priebus and steve bannon.

based on what you know, why do you think donald trump has picked this team and he says they're going to be co-equals? why do you think he's put them together, and what do you think steve banon's goals in the trump white house will be? >> i think the reason trump picked these two is they have essentially been two of the leading powers in this presidential campaign since bannon came aboard last august. in a since all trump has done is ratify the existing power structure and move it from the campaign into the white house. i think what banon would like by all accounts is to take over the republican party and steer it in a more populist, hard right direction, more along the lines of the populace movements we've seen sweep across europe and great britain. i think he believes trump is the american manifestation of those ideas and he's going to do everything he can to keep trump as someone positioned outside the party establishment in washington and able to kind of speak for that grassroots

populist anger that really carried trump to victory on november 8th. >> yang: josh green, mark leak vich, we'll see what this team does in some 60 days. thanks for joining us. >> thank you. >> sreenivasan: now, as we continue to mourn the loss of gwen ifill, we turn to a subject dear to her: how the country can overcome our racial divisions. since last week's election, there have been increasing reports of hate crimes in communities across the nation. yesterday, the f.b.i. reported a rise in hate crimes in the u.s. last year. they were up by 6.8% overall; more than 5,800 hate crimes, including a dramatic surge against muslims in this country; 257 reports last year alone, that's up 67%. since the election, the southern poverty law center reported that they've seen more than 400 incidents of harassment.

president-elect trump was asked by lesley stahl about the rise in reports on "60 minutes;" that aired sunday. >> i'm very surprised to hear that. i hate to hear that. i mean, i hate to hear that. >> but you do hear it? >> i don't hear it. >> you're not seeing this-- >> i saw-- i saw one or two instances. >> --on social media? >> but i think it's a very small amount. again, i think it's-- >> do you want to say anything to those people? >> i would say, don't do it, that's terrible, because i'm going to bring this country together. >> they're harassing latinos, muslims-- >> i am so saddened to hear that. and i say, "stop it." if it -- if it helps, i will say this, and i will say right to the cameras: stop it. >> sreenivasan: we explore this with mark potok, an expert in extremism at the southern poverty law center; eddie glaude, chair of the department for african american studies at princeton university; and rizwan jaka, he's chairman of the board at the all dulles area muslim society center.

mark, you've been tracking these incidents. how have they increased, and what kind of incidents are we seeing? >> well, we have seen a rash mainly of attacks of -- on people of people thought to be muslims, but also attacks, less than hate crime, kind of yelling and hate incidents, directed at black people, at latino, at gay people. it very much seems like the lid has been ripped off pandora's box and virtually every minority out there is target. we started counting these incidents starting yesterday, and we've already counted over 430 of them. >> sreenivasan: rizwan jaka, it seems to have affected the muslim community very acutely, but this isn't the first time. >> no, thank you. definitely it's been a roller coaster of challenges in the past 15 years, since the horrific attack of 9/11. there has been an increase in the past few years, since 2015,

over 75 mosques were attacked. many people were harassed. this year alone 53-plus mosques were attacked. definitely in recent times we're seeing challenges where muslim women wearing the scarf are being taunted or harassed or threatened because of what they're doing, and so it's a challenge we've been seeing. usually it increases around presidential cycles, so in 2011 and 2012, we saw an increase in stereotyping and bigotry, and it's obviously increased in the past two years, as well. so we're all concerned, and obviously there's bigotry across the spectrum, across all demographics, and we're concerned about it all. >> sreenivasan: eddie glowd, what has this campaign uncovered that perhaps was lying just beneath the surface in. >> in some ways the campaign hazlett the genie out of the bottle. trump's rhetoric, the nature of the campaign, even the slogan, "make america great again," has given license to hate.

in some ways his election has given license for folks to act on that hate. and so i think what we have seen... let me be very clear here. we don't want to paint all trump supporters with this entered brush because all trump supporters are not out here engaging in these violent action, but we know there is a certain segment of the american population that has found in trump abexemplar, found in trump justification to go out and attack minority populations, and then to put forward an idea of america that is white, an idea of america that is heterosexual, an idea of america that is decidedly, let me just be very clear, decidedly white in its make-up. >> sreenivasan: mark, while the trump campaign gets a fair amount of credit or blame for this, how much do global events, especially when it pertains to the attacks on muslim, how much do global events play into this,

at least in the numbers we saw in 2015? >> i think they without question play into it. 2015 was a year of some real atrocity, incredible atax from the islamic state, both in europe, of course, and in the united states. so, you know, people react to those slaughters, and also there are a whole raft out there of anti-muslim ideologues who essentially exploit these attacks in order to paint not merely islamist radicals but all muslims as extremists. at the same time of course, for half of last year countrybuteding to this very large jump in hate crime, according to the f.b.i., the trump campaign was in full force, and very active, frankly, in defaming muslims in general and islam in particular. so i think both things contributed. it's hard to sort out exactly which is responsible for, you know, the most violence, the most hatred. >> sreenivasan: rizwan jaka,

there seems to be a con inflation between events that happen over seas and muslim americans. what have your community members been telling you? how have you been affected? >> there's a lot of stereotyping that occurs. american muslims condemn terrorism and violent extremism. it's unfair the stereotyping and negative portrayal of the vast majority of the 99.99% of american muslims that are peaceful, law abiding, and it's conflated in that way. my own wife and daughter, you know, my wife is a fourth generation american, my daughter is a fifth generation american. they were wearing the scarf. they were told to go back home because of what they're wearing. we're patriotic americans. american muslims have been here since before this country was founded. 30% of slave africans were muslim. the american muslim population is loyal americans. they are obviously stereotyped. actually, american muslims are partners in national security and we're a part of the solution. we need the make sure that it's

not conflated and that we need to understand that actually statistically speaking, the overwhelming majority of terrorism is done by non-muslims, and if you look at the amount of murders, 16,000 murders a year, you know, that's done by non-muslims. so that's something that people need to understand. terrorism is something we need to deal with, but it's being stigmatizing the muslim community because of the perceptions and stereotypes portrayed through presidential cycles and through vary your portrayals in the media. >> sreenivasan: mark, why is it so hard to prosecute these hate crimes, to get convictions? >> well, hate crimes in general are difficult to prosecute because you are not merely trying to prove that someone did something, someone punched someone else in the face or something along those lines. you are trying to show why. what was the motivation of that person at the time of the attack? and that is often very difficult to get to. you know, sometimes the cases are crystal clear, someone

decides they hate black people. they talk about it and they kill the first black person that crosses their path. but much more often the motives are tangled up. it becomes unclear whether it's really a bar fight over a girlfriend, if somebody started to use ethnic slurs during that fight, you know what, part does hate really play in it? so ultimately it's a jury question. >> sreenivasan: eddie glaude, i want to ask, what's the step forward here, because it's not just by race or lidge general or sexual preference. there seems to be an underlying connection between patriotism and otherness. >> yeah. first we need to understand the problem. i think many people read the election of donald trump as a kind of triumph when, in fact, i think it's an indication of a crisis that in some ways the demographic shifts f shifts in the country have created all sorts of anxieties as well as the bankruptcy of an dmik

philosophy that's really eviscerated workers, black, white, brown, throughout the country. and so when you have moments of crisis, communities often consolidate themselves by scapegoating others. and usually that scapegoating, at least in the context of the united states, has taken violent form. so not only are people scape quoting muslims, african american, l.g.b.t.q. communities, but in doing so they're trying to draw the boundary of a community that's in some ways in crisis. so how do we respond to it? well, we respond to it through the political process. we respond to it by organizing, by in some ways making clear our principled commitment to democracy. but that's going to be messy, that's going to require some hard arguments with the understanding that some folks are going to disagree with us, it's going to require some protests, it's going to require civil disobedience, it's going to require actions at the polls, it's going to require actions in

our community. so in other words, what we need to do is organize ourselves to put forward a vision of america that runs counter-to what we're seeing now. it's going to be hard, it's going to be difficult, and it's not going to be easy. but we have to do it. >> sreenivasan: rizwan jaka, what's your community doing in terms of protecting your own rights and at the same time making sure you're working with law enforcement and you're responsible members of your own community. >> thank you, and actually we work very closely with law enforcement, local, regional and national. we work with the f.b.i. and we try to make sure the community is educated on civil rights and how to counter hate crimes and how to prevent hate crimes, as well. and so we're focused on that educational aspect, you know, for the community. we work very closely with our interfaith partners in the jewish community, christian community, hindu community and all faith communities working together with our african american and hispanic and asian partners so that we can as alliances, you know, counter the prejudices that are affecting

everyone. it was a kkk flag on a truck just down from our mosque the other day, and they were intimidating an african american lady. there have been anti-semitic attacks in the area. there have been anti-muslim attacks in the area. so we have to stand together, and we are working together in interfaith partnerships to counter these prejudices and reach out. we have the reach out to those that might have maybe the perceptions. we need to reach out to trump supporters and, you know, we call on our government officials to visit mosque, visit temples so that we can work together and unite and heal rather than divide. > sreenivasan: rizwan jaka, mark potok, eddie glaude, thank you all. >> thank you. >> thank you. >> sreenivasan: tonight, pbs presents the first part of a documentary mini-series from harvard university professor henry louis gates: "black america since m.l.k.: and still i rise." this clip from tonight's episode examines why the phrase "i'm black and i am proud" was a radical idea in 1968.

>> even soul brother number one, the immensely popular james brown, abandoned his signature patentleth processed hairstyle for a natural kinky headed afro. >> what's happening, james? >> i just wanted to ask you one question. >> uh-huh. >> i want to know why you got your process cut in. >> well, this is a black move, and regardless of what you're thinking, we all got to think one way. you look alike, you can think alike. >> the way i see it, it's what in the mind that counts. >> the mind counts, but see, we all don't have a good image. and image is like, black. we never fought together. in africa a man can do what he want to do because he know who he is. here you don't know. first we have to get our image, our identity. >> and brown didn't just change his look. he also recorded a song that would become a black power anthem.

♪ stand up. ♪ >> when we think about "say it loud, i'm black and i'm proud," we have to remember what a thinker brown was about how to dealing in segregated, racist, apartheid america. james brown understood from the experience he had as a child. >> dark-skinned black people are especially hated in this culture. they are the true black peopled that were hated. >> james brown's impact on the cultural life of people my age is profound. there's a way in which the music he makes, i don't know if unmitigated blackness is the right way to frame it, but he's just black, like unashamed, direct, forthright, powerful, in your face black.

>> sreenivasan: "black america since m.l.k.: and still i rise," tonight on most pbs stations 8:00 eastern, 7:00 central. >> sreenivasan: stay with us. coming up on the newshour: a couple's love that broke through all boundaries; and an outpouring of tributes to our colleague, gwen ifill. france has been commemorating the first anniversary of the paris attacks, where isis militants killed 130 people and wounded nearly 400. the attack, on friday the 13th last year, was the worst on french soil since the second world war. so how are the survivors coping with the trauma one year on? last year, we talked to mark colclough, a british-danish psychotherapist who witnessed the killings at a cafe. special correspondent malcolm

brabant has been back to see him at home. >> reporter: we're driving to fyn, denmark's central island, where mark colclough now resides. it's 100 miles from his previous home in the capital copenhagen. in the search for peace of mind, he's found it necessary to immerse himself in the tranquility of nature. >> paris has changed us on a profound level. it's so profound, we can't quite touch it yet. within that change, in the last year, i've noticed how much i need to get away from the city. and get away from congregations of people and sudden movement and this kind of, you know, this head tick buzz. copenhagen's not a busy city by any means, compared to paris, but it's a lot busier than this. and i've really felt the need to have some space, some peace and quiet where i can be myself and predict what's happening. i'm an ordinary guy. and i was walking down the street in paris on an ordinary evening in november and i saw absolutely extraordinary events that have changed my view on myself, have changed my view on

humanity, entirely. >> reporter: how have you been doing? >> it's been a long journey, i can hardly believe it's been almost a year already. i looked through the interview we did in november last year when we met. and i can see that i assumed, two, three weeks of this, i'll be fine, back to work as usual. >> reporter: but colclough didn't return to work as a psychotherapist for a couple of months. and then, he frequently required time off. do you think you're going to be permanently damaged? >> oh no, i don't think that at all. >> reporter: is that because you personally and professionally have the tools that enable you to deal with this? >> yeah, i think. i've been in and out of therapy since i was 19. it's always been my interesting, psychotherapy and psychology, so i'm aware that i have tools, and i have quite a robust sense of self. and now it's a year later and i've had a really good year. the first couple of months were very difficult and then the summer gradually got better and better. and the last couple of weeks

have seen a downturn again. >> reporter: returning to paris for the anniversary has affected his state of mind. >> i've been back in paris twice and returning to the scene of the shooting has been, incredibly full of anxiety before going, but actually being there has been incredibly healing. >> reporter: mark colclough says one of the reasons why he's suffered a psychological set setback this year is due to a decision by the french authority responsible for distributing compensation for victims of terrorism. they've turned down his application because they say he was outside on the street as a witness and was not inside the cafe when the shooting took place. now he's disputing this decision, saying he has suffered post traumatic stress disorder for the past year and as a result has had to cut back on work by 60%. >> i'm not looking for the money. even the money feels weird. it feels like bloody money somehow. but i took it as if as an

authority they're saying that the feelings i do have, the flashbacks i do have, the nightmares i still have, i'm somehow not entitled or less entitled to them somehow. >> reporter: have you become more altruistic, less selfish, less materialistic? >> i've downsized my life in many ways. and my close friends and family have said to me, pretty much across the board that even though, what i've gone through in paris was horrific, it's changed me, made me more human, more vulnerable, more available to them. and i find myself tearing up easily, i find myself being moved by something, more easily. the human gesture. how much we can touch each other by doing something simple for each other. >> reporter: last year colclough was quite certain that he wouldn't suffer from survivor's guilt, and would replace it with what he called survivor's obligation. >> i think the obligation to live. to live fully and to give something back to the people i

meet in my life. i saw four people's lives extinguished very quickly, right in front of me and that obligation is to give something back to the meet in the course of my life, not just professionally, but also personally. >> reporter: but his desire to control his thoughts and suppress his subconscious have failed. >> the hardest feeling over the past year has been guilt, guilty about not having done more. i still have dreams about me intervening with the gunman and trying to attack him, which is what i was planning to do. i assumed he would be deafened by using a high powered assault rifle inside a small cafe and i was hoping to attack him on the way out and then i decided not to, when i saw he had two exits from the cafe. so then i ran. but having seen all these things and then the french authorities saying, because you stood on a road, we don't quite recognize you as a witness of terrorism,

it's very weird. >> reporter: if you as a professional are struggling as you are, how do you think other people are, especially those, for example, who weren't just witnesses, but survivors of places like the bataclan where there were bullets flying around their head? >> yeah, those shot, and not killed but wounded and dealing with the physical aftermath of being shot. the path of healing is a very individual one. many witnesses have formed informal bonds and informal friendships that are strong as concrete, and i feel that too with the two witnesses i'm in touch with. our paths have crossed in a night that was full of hatred, and carnage blood and violence and through that some very deep, intimate friendships have been cast. and i don't think they'll ever break. >> reporter: since the attacks, fears of islamic terrorism have slammed shut europe's once open borders and the continent has lurched to the right. >> it saddens me entirely that

we think that stricter borders and shut borders and brexit and other events that have happened in europe will somehow protect nations like this. it doesn't work. europe moving to the right as it has, will bring us a brittle sense of security, a false sense of security, very false, but it will instantly minimize the true freedom we have in europe, and that makes me incredibly sad to see. >> reporter: despite being in such a tranquil place, colclough endures flashbacks. the professional in him welcomes them because he says they dilute the memory, but those memories will never vanish. for the pbs newshour, i'm malcolm brabant in denmark.

>> sreenivasan: the film "loving" openednationwide over the weekend. it tells the true story of richard and mildred loving, rural virginians of different races who married in washington, d.c. on return to their home in virginia, they were arrested for violating laws against inter- racial marriage. their case eventually made it to the supreme court. jeffrey brown has our story. >> i'm going to build you a house, right here. our house. >> reporter: "loving" tells the real-life love story of richard and mildred loving. a virginia couple who married in 1958, in washington d.c, because inter-racial marriage was illegal in their home state. returning home, they were roused from their bed at night and arrested. >> i'm his wife.

>> that's no good here. >> reporter: a local judge gave them a choice: spend a year in jail or leave the state for 25 years. they left, but later returned and appealed their case all the way to the supreme court, and a landmark civil rights ruling: "loving vs. virginia," striking down anti-miscegenation laws across the country. >> this was one of the, the greatest love stories in american history, and, and i had no clue about it. >> reporter: "loving" director jeff nichols: >> i grew up in little rock, i went to little rock central high, which was the site of the desegregation crisis in '57. you know, i felt like i was... had a pretty, pretty good foundational knowledge of civil rights history in this country, and to not be aware of richard

and mildred-- to not know loving v. the state of virginia, i was kind of shocked by that, to be honest. but, and i felt like others needed to know about it. >> reporter: yet the film nichols made is not a typical historical drama. it emphasizes personal stories rather than sweeping movements. two people who wanted only to live their lives-- and found themselves thrust into history. there's a scene in which she's, mildred, is watching television, about the civil rights march. >> yes, in '63. >> you boys stop that. >> coming in around these plazas around the lincoln memorial. >> 100,000 people there. >> the parade route... >> can you imagine?

half-way around the wore. >> reporter: and she's in the same city, but she's not really part of it, in a way. >> ah, no, she doesn't feel like she's part of that movement. and she doesn't even feel like she's part of that town. it was literally in the ether outside her, her front door. but i think she was separated more than just by physical space, it was, it was she didn't see herself as part of that movement, for some reason. >> we was married on the second day of june, and the police came after us on the 14th of july. >> reporter: nichols also wrote the screenplay for "loving," which he based on the 2012 hbo documentary "the loving story..." directed by nancy buirski. >> they came and knocked a couple times. i heard them. before i could get up, they broke the door and came on in. >> i just felt like i knew >> i just fell in love with these two people. i just felt like i knew who they were. i knew-- >> reporter: and who were they? what did you see in them? >> well, in richard, i saw my grandfather.

and, i saw a man that was a working class man, that was unable to articulate his emotions and his frustrations, but that was good at really one thing, which was working hard, and, providing for his family. and then in mildred, i saw, actually a lot of my grandmother, as well, in that, when you're married to a man like that, you have to become the emotional voice of that couple. you know, my grandmother was the one to write the birthday cards, and give us hugs, but mildred not only had to be the emotional voice, she had to be the person that wrote a letter to bobby kennedy that started a, you know, a court case that went all the way to the supreme court and changed this country. >> reporter: "loving" is a story grounded in american history, but in a twist that may surprise audiences, joel edgerton, who plays richard, is australian; and ruth negga, playing mildred, grew up in ireland, daughter to an ethiopian man and irish woman. >> you may lose the small battles but win the big war.

>> reporter: did it, did it resonate personally for you? >> of course. it can't not, i mean, my mother is white irish and my black, my father was black, ethiopian. those are things that are part of me from since i was a child. i think the energy, the ideology, the spirit of this story is completely universal, you know? and that's why it's resonated with people, and i don't think you need to be american to feel it or act it. i mean, i mean, there's another question, you know, our job is but this, this is a universal couple. this is a couple that the world should be proud of, not least america. this is a couple that, that may be unknown to americans, but now they, there's another couple to add to the canon of people that you can be proud of in the civil rights struggle. >> reporter: what was your way into, to, to richard? what was the, the thing you felt you had to kind of get to, to portray him? >> uh, silence. the silence of injustice, i think, you know, but silence and stoicism, but, but emasculation and impotency. of, of, of not being able to

provide and protect, >> i'm going to take care of you. >> i know that. >> i'll take care of you. >> i know. >> there's an engine in the man that says i have to be the protector and the provider, an i could see in richard that he had all of those abilities protector and the provider, and i could see in richard that he had all those abilities, facilities kind of stripped of him, and, and that says something not just about him, but about them as a couple. >> reporter: nichols-- who also wrote and directed the sci-fi

thriller "midnight special," out this year, and 2012's drama "mud"-- also drew on very human feelings within a larger story. >> i don't care what genre i'm working in, if it's a sci-fi film, which i made last year, or if it's a period piece drama, in this case. i want to make films that emotionally affect the audience. so when i'm sitting back, and i'm thinking about things, i, i, i am struck by an emotion that's palpable. in this film, it was richard loving coming home from the bar, sitting down at the edge of his wife's bed, and saying, "i can take care of you. i can take care of you." when everyone watching that moment, his wife included, knows that he can't. that struck me. that made me feel something. and if i get shivers, if i get tingles, then it's my job as a storyteller to carry that feeling all the way through the writing, all the way through the production, and the editing, so that when an audience sits down, they can feel it. that's all i want to do. >> reporter: for the pbs newshour, i'm jeffrey brown.

>> sreenivasan: now to our >> sreenivasan: finally tonight, since the news of gwen ifill's death, we've received a flood of responses from those remembering her contributions to journalism and to their own lives. we end with some of those, and some of gwen's own thoughts on journalism. >> there's information to be had, facts to share, solutions to discover, but you have the look up. there is time we have, time we lack, and the ability to take advantage of both. the clock is on the wall, but you have the look up.

that means there are risks to be taken. >> i am martha from oregon. i am mourning the passing of your colleague and i suspect dear friend gwen ifill. i never had the privilege of meeting gwen in person, but i still look forward to welcoming her into my home via tv many nights each week. she was such a perceptive and thoughtful journalist. her insights, what had already happened, what still might happen, and always delivered with an optimistic outlook. that was just what we americans needed. >> gwen was a friend of ours. she was an extraordinary journalist.

>> you can be the person who turns toward, not away, from the chance to rise above the fray. and you can be the person who trains yet another generation to do better at it than you did. >> my name is barbara from lakeville, connecticut. my husband and i both retired, are regular viewers of the "newshour." i write this note with tears in my eyes at the passing of a beautiful woman who contributed so much to my understanding of the world. our deepest sympathies to all who knew her. she will be greatly missed. she will forever be a role model for in the just journalists but for all young women. >> i tell this to young people all the time, rather than going around saying, uh-huh, they didn't give this to me because i was black or i was a woman, you stop and think, they didn't give it to me because they couldn't

imagine me in this role, and it's my job then, it's in the a job that my white counterparts have, but it's my job to force them to see me in a different role, and then you act on that. >> it's important to be reminded how easily we can be denied simple, obvious opportunities, how low the ceilings can get and how much fortitude it takes to refuse to accept the limits that others place on you. but you now have the skills to transcend those limits. whose stories can you tell? whose voices are not being heard? who gets to decide which stories

and voices get ignored? and what are you willing to do about it? >> this is michael from texarkcana, texas. i'm is saddened to hear of the loss of miss ifill. she has counseled me and explained current events to me for 15 years. i haven't been able to face much news analysis this past week, but when i thought i was ready to get back in it, she would help me make sense of it all. >> it really was too bad that she died at age 61. she was rally someone who broke barriers. every step of her life was something new and something inspirational for those around her. i watch as often as i can the "newshour," andly miss her. >> we live in a world of

extreme, often petty arguments where we hide behind our devices to insult one another in a way we would never do face to face. technology is fabulous, but this is not what it is for. we have the harness our thinking and our expressions to add to the debates around us, not to debase them. >> i'm from california. her family and colleagues have lost such talented and principled woman. how sad that we lost her during a time of such upheaval, when her skills are needed more than ever. >> cynics thinks they know all the answers already, and then they stop listening. sceptics always have more questions to ask, but we are willing to be persuaded to the honesty of an alternate point of view, even if we don't share it. is it possible to be sceptical and optimistic and ambitious,

open, excited to possibility and willing to change the world as well? i think so. >> sreenivasan: we want to give you a chance to share your memories of gwen. you can call the number below, 703-594-6727 and you can leave us a message with your thoughts. online you can read many of the comments we've already received. also online, we've gathered some of gwen's words and interviews in our final edition of "gwen's take." all that and more is at pbs.org/newshour. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm hari sreenivasan. join us online, and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and good night. >> major funding for the pbs

newshour has been provided by: >> lincoln financial-- committed to helping you take charge of your financial future. >> bnsf railway. >> xq institute. >> the ford foundation. working with visionaries on the frontlines of social change worldwide. >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security. at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals.

>> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

♪ this is "nightly business report" with tyler mathisen and sue herera. lucky seven. the dow extends its winning streak and sends the blue chip index to another all-time high. buffett boost. airlines take off after the billionaire investor has a change of heart, and makes a big bet on that sector. under the microscope. what might funding for medical research look like under a trump administration? those stories and more tonight on "nightly business report" for tuesday, november 15th. good evening, everyone. glad you could be with us tonight. this rally shows no signs of cooling off. the dow jones extending its winning streak to seven days. oil prices soarend