captioning sponsored by wnet >> stewart: on this edition for saturday, january 14: president- elect donald trump calls for new directions on u.s. policies toward russia and china; a camp for homeless u.s. military veterans gets community support in arizona; and london's mayor, breaking barriers for politicians of muslim faith. next, on pbs newshour weekend. >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. judy and josh weston. the cheryl and philip milstein family. the john and helen glessner family trust-- supporting trustworthy journalism that informs and inspires. sue and edgar wachenheim, iii.

barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we're your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. from the tisch wnet studios at lincoln center in new york, alison stewart. >> stewart: good evening and thank you for joining us. less than a week before he takes the oath of office as the 45th president of the united states, donald trump is signaling shifts in u.s. relations with russia and with china. in a new interview with "the wall street journal," mr. trump said he would maintain, "at least for a period of time," the russian sanctions imposed by president obama for interfering in the presidential election by hacking political party computers. but the president-elect also

said he'd roll back those sanctions if relations with russia improve. the newspaper quoted him as saying: "if you get along and if russia is really helping us, why would anybody have sanctions if somebody's doing some really great things?" in the same interview, mr. trump said america's four-decade-old "one china" policy is up for discussion. currently, u.s. officially recognizes mainland china's government in beijing, but not the island of taiwan. mr. trump told the journal: "everything is under negotiation, including one china," while noting the u.s. sold taiwan nearly $2 billion of military ships and weapons last year. in the first of several dozen anti-trump protests planned in the nation's capital in the coming week, about 2,000 people participated in the "we shall not be moved" march for equality and justice today from the washington monument to the martin luther king, jr. memorial. monday is the national holiday honoring doctor king. civil rights movement icon and longtime atlanta, georgia, congressman john lewis says he

won't attend the trump inauguration in protest of russia's hacking-and-release of democratic party emails. in an interview for tomorrow's "meet the press," lewis told nbc news why: >> i don't see this president- elect as a legitimate president. i think the russians participated in helping this man get elected, and they helped destroy the candidacy of hillary clinton. >> stewart: at 4:50 a.m. this morning, mr. trump fired back on twitter, saying: "...lewis should spend more time fixing and helping his district, which is in horrible shape." he added, the congressman is "...all talk, talk, talk... no action or results...." president obama's farewell to the nation continued today with the release of his final weekly address from the white house oval office. as he did earlier in the week from chicago, during his formal goodbye speech, the 44th president called on americans to participate more in our democracy, saying we all share

the title of "citizen." >> if you're tired of arguing with strangers on the internet, try to talk with one in real life. if something needs fixing, lace up your shoes and do some organizing. if you're disappointed by your elected officials, then grab a clipboard, get some signatures, and run for office yourself. >> stewart: in his 2008 run for the white house, barack obama promised to shut down the prison for suspected foreign terrorists opened by president george w. bush at the u.s. naval base in guantanamo bay, cuba. on his second full day in the white house, president obama issued an executive order to close guantanamo within a year. eight years later, that has not happened. mr. obama's ambition was largely

thwarted by congressional restrictions, but also by the difficulty in reducing the 242 prisoners he inherited to zero. today, 55 remain, including five accused of organizing the erica.ber 11th attacks on no reporter has spent more time on the base than the "miami herald's" carol rosenberg, covering detainees issues and military court proceedings. she was there this week and returns again next week, and joins me today from boston. carol, thanks so much for being with us. >> thank you for the invitation. >> stewart: you have been following the story and been at guantanamo since the very beginning. when obama took office, there was some bipartisan support for closing guantanamo bay. when did that change and, ultimately, why did he fail to close it? >> i think it changed right around the time there was discussion of talking some men from china, muslims, to virginia. it became understood fairly soon into the administration that closing guantanamo meant moving some of the detainees there to the united states, and that really turned the tide. as much as his opponent, john

mccain, wanted it closed as well, there was an understanding, i think, that the original idea was not to bring detainees to the united states. >> stewart: over the past 15 years, there have been at least 780 men deattend at guantanamo bay. nine died while in custody. most were transferred out overseas. only a hand full were convicted of crimes. and now 55 remain. who is still there? >> so, the 55 break down to 10 men who are actually accused and charged with war crimes, men who are in pretrial or have had trials through the military commissions, the war court. six of those 10 men are on trial for their lives. they're accused chtd september 11 and uss "cole" attack and the prosecutor seeks to execute them if they're convicted. the rest are split between 19 men who are cleared for release, meaning the obama administration boards have decided that if they can find places to rehabilitate

them, reintegrate them, resettle them, they will send them there. and, you know, the weak-- this is the week when we'll find out how many of those 19 can go because when obama leaves, donald trump has made it clear that he's opposed to trmps. and then the remaining 26 men are what we at the "miami herald" call the "forever prisoners," indefinite detainees in the war on terror, men who aren't accused of war crimes. more like what we would think of as p.o.w., but irregular p.o.w.s, prisoners of war, because they are thought to have fought for al qaeda, which isn't a nation but a movement. >> stewart: carol, as we look back at the history of guantanamo baceous the military justice-- for lack of a better word-- has gone at a glacial pace. there have been terrorists convicted in our courts here. why it does military justice take so long? why has this taken so long? >> military commission justice takes so long essentially

because the men who are on trial for their lives were not taken straight to the courts. they were not taken straight to either a military court or a u.s. civilian federal court and accused of terrorism crimes. they were carry offside to the black see the of sites of the c.i.a., disappeared into the black sites and they emerged in guantanamo in 2006, by order of president bush, who wanted them charged with crimes. and those men have lawyers who are challenging every aspect of that disappearance. it just doesn't happen in, you know, traditional american justice that someone is essentially arrested and disappeared with no access to attorney, and as away now know, incredibly aggressive, abusive mistreatment that their lawyers and they call torture. >> stewart: you were there last week. what is the sense of what's going to happen at guantanamo with the incoming trump

administration? what are people saying on the ground? >> well, for the most part, they're saying that they will-- certainly the military would say that they're follow whatever the next commander in chief tells them to do. but i do think there is a fair amount of, you know, free-floating anxiety about what will come. donald trump said that, you know, he-- during his campaign, that he intended to load the prison up with some bad dudes. he's not closing that prison. he wants to add more prisoners to it. so there's a real question about where wherethey're coming from, who they are, what will be the authority to detain them? and, you know, bringing in new prisoners froprisoners from thel battlefield, from, let's say, perhaps, iraq, or syria, they'll be completely different people than the men who are there now. remember, these men have been detained for at least a decade, and some of them for, you know, 15-plus years. and when they were captured, and when they got to guantanamo for the most part, there was no isis. there was no al qaeda of the

arabian peninsula. so the idea that you're going to bring in, you know, perhaps the bad stepchildren of the original al qaeda and put them in the detention center raises a whole bunch of questions. if donald trump makes good on his plan to pring more prisoners in, where will they go? and in many ways, it's like it was when it first opened-- lots of questions, and very few answers. >> stewart: carol rosenberg from the "miami herald," thanks so much. >> thank you. >> stewart: military veterans comprise more than 10% of america's adult homeless population. though the number of homeless vets is down by half since 2010, according to the federal department of veterans affairs, there were still 13,000 vets living on the streets last year. arizona has one of the highest numbers of unsheltered veterans. in the state's second largest city, tucson, a group of homeless vets has found shelter

and safety by banding together in a camp, called camp bravo, whose land, water, electricity, and food is donated by the local community. the story, from arizona public media, is reported by mitchell riley. >> reporter: it's a cool morning in late october, people in these tents begin to rise. a passing train, their wake up call. this is camp bravo, next to santa rita park on tucson's south side, a place where homeless vets and others can find comfort, food, and shelter. the camp is run by veterans on patrol, a program of walking for the forgotten ministries. leaders of this effort seek out homeless vets and offer safe haven, camaraderie, and a path to support services. bravo is patrolled around the clock in shifts. manny was on night watch. this is calamity. she came in during the night in

need of help. >> i was 101st airborne. i actually went in as a voice radio operator, but when they found out that i had some pretty extensive medical background, they made me an expert field medic. i jumped out of perfectly good aircraft with a medical bag to attend to folks who needed help. this is for your immune system. it has magnesium and seed coming out. my name is martin marszalek. everybody here calls me "doc." i am the base commander and chief medical officer. so, i kind of keep things rolling along here. this is vitamin c, keep you from catching cold. our mission is to go out and find as many homeless veterans that we can possibly locate and bring them in. try to transition them from homelessness to housing, get them medical care, things that they've been doing without for so many years. i'll have to get the make and model of this thing, give the v.a. a call, have them get you

another mirror. >> we have something here that i've never found anywhere else. we have a v.a. navigator. somebody who knows the system, knows who to talk to, knows who to call if you don't get what you need, and he does it for us, and he's just the best there is. >> i'll call a couple of the mobility places here and see if we can get some spare parts for that one. >> at least i can get around. >> scrambled eggs and bacon. they should be happy. >> reporter: camp bravo, officially known as bravo base, is one of several in arizona including camp alpha in phoenix, charlie in nogales, and delta south of prescott. the portable toilets are donated and maintained by diggins environmental services; the land, water, and electricity by h.m.s. fasteners. both are local companies sympathetic to their cause. food clothing and other supplies are donated by the public.

>> we've got a lot of really good people out there that are helping us out and keeping us going here. >> reporter: there are around 20 residents on base, mostly vets and a few civilians. some move on and others take their place. >> you can't turn them away. i can't turn them away. >> reporter: manny jimenez is 66 years old and has been homeless for more than a year. >> somebody needs to take a picture of that. >> reporter: he's been here at bravo for several months. >> four years on the u.s.s. "pawcatuck," an attack oiler. that's a tanker with pom pom guns, great against jets. three more years, merchant marines. i'm an old merchant seaman drying up in arizona. >> reporter: three times a week, manny travels to a v.a. hospital for treatment. >> my liver and kidneys are not doing what they're supposed to do. they hook up the dialysis to it and clean out my blood and return it to me and that's about it. this i got infected, so i had to

move it to that side. >> reporter: to live here, there are eight rules they must follow, including no drugs, no alcohol, and no smoking in tents. >> the third rule is, residents need to help around the base on a daily basis. >> reporter: one way they're helping is by maintaining nearby property. here, they remove trash and debris from a trackside ravine. >> i haven't found any needles or anything yet, so that's a good thing. they work to stay here, they all have various job tasks assigned to them. >> reporter: through donations from the public, they have enough supplies to share with folks outside the camp, and they do, every day. >> little snack food in there, some peanut butter, some ravioli, good stuff like that. >> we love that stuff. thank you. >> you're very welcome. you guys take care out there. i'll see you tomorrow morning. anybody that needs food can come here and get it. right now, we're preparing roughly 200 food boxes a week.

that's hot, be careful. thank you for bringing him over. >> reporter: what began with just a few tents more than a year ago, has grown both in size and organization. camp bravo has become a refuge for many, but memories of life without shelter or protection are close. >> for me, it was daily uncertainty. not knowing where you're going to get your next meal. not knowing where you're going to spend the night, the next night. where it's going to be safe. not knowing if somebody is going to come up and plug you in the head while you're sleeping and steal what little bit of belongings you have. >> i had to eat out of dumpsters. i can't talk about it. >> the biggest challenge is the guy who yells, "get a job." the people who just don't see

you. you feel invisible, and that's the most horrid thing in the world, just not to be recognized, not to be acknowledged. people don't want to see it. you know, they want to pretend that it doesn't exist. >> stewart: the private company space-x successfully launched its falcon 9 rocket carrying satellites today, which then successfully landed on a droneship. read more at www.pbs.org/newshour. >> stewart: london mayor sadiq khan worked as human rights lawyer and served as a member of british parliament before he achieved an election milestone last year: he's the first muslim mayor in london's history, and the first muslim to lead any western capital. correspondent david tereshchuk, who recently interviewed khan for the pbs program "religion and ethics newsweekly," has this profile.

>> i am so proud that london has today chosen hope over fear, and unity over division. >> reporter: when sadiq khan was elected mayor of london seven months ago, he became the first ever muslim to lead a capital city in the western world. during the campaign, his conservative opponent had made khan's religion a big issue. gillian tett is the americas editor of the london-based "financial times." >> there were insinuations that sadiq khan had somehow become associated with extremism, ultimate extreme islamic ideas, and sadiq khan came out, and indicated very strongly that actually, he was not in favor of islamic extremism, and he's very much part of the moderate wing of the islamic population who are trying to fight back against extremists. >> reporter: american political consultant rod o'connor watched the khan campaign closely. >> he's standing up and saying, "look, i'm able to represent all

people, i'm able to talk to all people. the core beliefs i have are not necessarily based on a religious doctrine." people have tried to exploit questions around religious identity, and safety and security tied to religious identity, and this is a very compelling example of a place where you can see that just doesn't work. people looked deeper; i think sadiq gave them an opportunity to look deeper, and they made a choice. >> reporter: khan says his priorities as mayor are developing affordable housing, investing in transportation infrastructure, preparing youth for the jobs of tomorrow, and ensuring london remains a place that welcomes migrants. >> at a time when our cities are becoming more diverse, the job of politicians is to make sure we make it easier to integrate, that we bust myths, we build bridges, if you like, rather than walls. >> reporter: for his part, khan has reached out to christian and

jewish and other religions to promote better inter-faith relations. >> i have never held myself out as a muslim leader. but it's a fact i'm a leader of islamic faith, so that brings with that a responsibility, especially in current times. so, during the month of ramadan for example, when i was fasting, it was brilliant that, you know, churches and synagogues around london invited me there, so i the archbishop of canterbury invited me to lambeth palace, and the chief rabbi. we invited a hundred children from every borough in london, and the archbishop and chief rabbi and i ended our fast together and took a brilliant selfie as well. >> reporter: that selfie celebrating the feast ending ramadan went viral across britain and globally. it's symbolic of khan's common touch, which friends say stems from his upbringing in working- class south london. >> my life experiences have made me the person who i am. >> reporter: khan's life began in london, the fifth of eight children raised by a bus driver and a seamstress who emigrated from pakistan in the 1960s. the family lived in a public housing project notorious for its violence. >> it was a tough housing

project, and you know, you've got a choice to either defend yourself, or to get beaten up and be the victim of bullying. so, at an early age, all of my brothers, i've got six brothers, and a sister, we joined the local boxing club. it made you streetwise, you know, how to look after yourself, how to make sure you're safe, really important. but there are other skills in boxing as well. how to be magnanimous, how to be a team player, what to eat, how to keep fit. >> reporter: what do you think, now that you're in the exalted position you're in-- does the street fighting still help? >> well, some see politics as street fighting. you have to defend yourself, how to make sure you expose your opponent's weaknesses, how to always be moving, don't stand still-- these are life-skills. >> reporter: skills khan now deploys to connect communities that might not otherwise associate, in a city where, by his count, 300 languages are spoken. >> you've got in london: christians, jews, muslims, hindus, sikhs, et cetera; those

not members in an organized faith; rich, poor, old, young; all going on in interconnecting lives, breaking bread together, studying together, working together. we can't have a laissez-faire attitude towards integration. we've got to think of our schools, about our colleges, places of work. are we ensuring that everyone has a chance to fulfill their potential, to meet their neighbors and to get on? >> reporter: khan has also encouraged religious and other minorities to report to law enforcement any and all hate crimes, which spiked upward after the u.k. voted last summer to leave the european union. >> the good news is that the police, and myself, and others, have a zero tolerance toward hate crime. the public has confidence to report it, which is very, very important. i'm a firm believer in stamping out at an early stage name- calling, verbal abuse, before it escalates. and i'm very pleased that, you know, we will carry on and be that great, great city that doesn't just tolerate difference, but respects it,

embraces it, and celebrates it. >> this is pbs newshour weekend, saturday. >> stewart: poland is welcoming the arrival of american troops, deployed as a nato alliance show of force to russia. at a welcoming ceremony in the city of zagan, poland's prime minister said this was an important day for what she called "our common defense." the troops will be conducting exercises across seven eastern european countries during the next nine months. the deployment includes an armored brigade of 3,500 american troops from fort carson, colorado. russia this week called the increased military presence a threat to its security. we'll have an in-depth report, on the ground with those troops, next weekend. in syria, isis is pressing what's described as its largest offensive in a year, against syrian government troops. the assault is occurring in the eastern city of deir el-zour between isis headquarters in raqqa, syria, and the country's border with iraq. video released by state-run

media today showed syrian warplanes and army units fighting isis militants, who already control much of the city. the syrian observatory for human rights said today's activity killed several dozen combatants, and some civilians. isis is not a party to the most recent cease-fire between government and rebel forces, brokered by turkey and russia two weeks ago. the central united states is eezing rain and ice storms. winter storm jupiter created dangerous conditions on highways from southern indiana to northern texas, coating some roads with half-an-inch of ice. at least three people died in weather-related car accidents. the storm downed power lines, leaving several thousand homes in missouri, illinois, oklahoma, and texas without electricity. is this pain-killing substance a miracle. >> what we've seen is the potential for this to treat opiate acan diction and

withdrawal. >> stewart: finally, the founder of the "pinyin" system that became the international standard for the chinese language died today. zhou yo-guang invented pinyin, meaning "spelled sounds" in chinese, as a government project, and it was adopted by china in 1958. today, hundreds of millions of people use pinyin to learn to read and write chinese with the english alphabet. it's been even more widely used with mobile phones and computers. zhou yo-uguang was 111 years old. that's all for this edition of pbs newshour weekend. i'm alison stewart. good night. captioning sponsored by wnet media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org >> pbs newshour weekend is made

possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. judy and josh weston. the cheryl and philip milstein family. the john and helen glessner family trust-- supporting trustworthy journalism that informs and inspires. sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we're your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you.

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