captioning sponsored by wnet >> stewart: on this edition for saturday, january 28: the immigration ban ordered by president trump takes hold as people from selected countries are blocked from entering the united states; and in our signature segment, the president's promise to renegotiate nafta-- how that possibility is being received in texas. next on pbs newshour weekend. >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. judy and josh weston. the cheryl and philip milstein family. the john and helen glessner family trust-- supporting trustworthy journalism that informs and inspires. sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. barbara hope zuckerberg.

corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we're your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. from the tisch wnet studios at lincoln center in new york, alison stewart. >> stewart: good evening, and omised crackdown on refugees and immigrants from muslim countries has begun. the executive order president trump signed yesterday afternoon bans all immigrants and visa holders from seven majority- muslim countries from entering the united states for 90 days. those seven countries are iran, iraq, libya, syria, somalia, sudan and yemen. the department of homeland security said today citizens of those countries who are legal

permanent residents cannot return from abroad until they are evaluated on a case by case basis. immigration rights advocates are advising green card holders to consult a lawyer before planning any trips outside the u.s. the order also suspends admission of refugees from war- torn nations for 120 days while the administration reevaluates the vetting process. the u.s. admitted 85,000 refugees last year, including 12,500 syrians. most syrian refugees are in turkey, jordan and lebanon, and today some refugees said they're disappointed by the new policy. >> ( translated ): it was my hope to immigrate to america. but when we heard the order, it was like a lightening bolt, and all of our hopes and dreams vanished. >> ( translated ): it is unfair and humiliating not only to the syrians, but all arabs. >> stewart: the temporary ban on refugee admissions has an exception for people claiming religious persecution. in an interview to be broadcast in full tomorrow, mr. trump told

christian broadcasting network that exceptions would apply to christians in predominantly muslim countries. >> they've been horribly treated. do you know if you were a christian in syria, it was impossible, at least very tough, to get into the united states? if you were a muslim, you could come in. and i thought it was very, very unfair, so we are going to help them. >> stewart: one country singled out by the order, iran, retaliated today with its own ban on americans visiting iran, including one million iranian- americans with relatives there. the foreign ministry said in a statement: "iran will implement the principle of reciprocity until the offensive u.s. limitations against iranian nationals are lifted. the restrictions against travel by muslims to america are an open affront against the muslim world and the iranian nation in particular and will be known as a great gift to extremists." the american civil liberties union and the council on american-islamic relations said today they plan on challenging the executive order in court as

discriminatory and violating the constitution's right to freedom of religion. congressional democrats are critical of the order. house democratic leader nancy pelosi says: "as the statue of liberty holds her torch of welcome high, there are tears in her eyes." but mr. trump is receiving support in his own party. house of representatives speaker paul ryan says: "i support the refugee resettlement program, but it's time to reevaluate and strengthen the visa vetting process. president trump is right to make sure we are doing everything possible to know exactly who is entering our country." the order is creating confusion at airports across the u.s. and around the world, with reports of travelers-- some who left before the ban was in place-- being detained. here in new york, 12 travelers were detained today at j.f.k. international airport. one man from iraq, hameed darwish, released earlier this afternoon after a lawyer intervened, had a special immigrant visa for u.s. military translators. he is joining his family already in the u.s.

the executive order does not restrict immigration from any of the top ten countries listed by the house of representatives' homeland security committee in 2015 as suppliers of militants fighting for isis, nor does it restrict travel from countries that have been primary sources for al qaeda operatives, like pakistan and saudi arabia, which was home to 15 of the 19 9/11 hijackers." new york times" reporter nicholas kulish is covering this story and joins me from j.f.k. airport to talk about it and the wider implications of the new trump policy. nick, can you give us a little more information about mr. dar wish? >> sure, he worked for about 10 years for the united states army, and the united states government in iraq. he thought that he was coming here for, you know, an easy trip with his visa to get into this country with his wife and his three children. instead, he watched his family enter the united states while he remained detained overnight here

at the j.f.k. airport. >> stewart: and we should point out, there's been a protest going on. that's what's happening behind you, right? >> there's a pretty sizable protest going on behind me. it's-- you know, it's funny. it was completely empty and silent just a couple of lawyers working on briefs and motions here overnight. and now, you can hear behind me hundreds of people protesting in favor of immigrants. >> stewart: and in terms of the legal aspect of this, what happens going forward for mr. darwish, and there is another iraqi man there, too, who has been detained. >> yes, there is another iraqi national hero who is hoping to join his wife and child in texas, but he remains in detention, as do at least another 10 people. but no one really knows for sure how many would be immigrants and refugees are spread throughout j.f.k. airport's various terminals. >> stewart: it seems like it's been a very confusing day at airports across the country. have you spoken to anyone at

t.s.a. or homeland security or any officials who have told you about what they know and what the process is going to be? >> it feels as though as if there almost isn't a process, as though the individual people trying to process and deal with the executive orders aren't sure exactly how to interpret pem them. some people think that it applies to green card holders. other people think that it only applies to refugees. so there's a lot of-- a lot of chaos, a lot of uncertainty. and i think that that leads to longer detention times, even for people who-- who probably have a right to be in the country. >> stewart: there have been reports of american businesses calling people back. out 100 people who ares, has traveling, broad who might be affected by this order. what other institutions are having issues, potential issues? >> well, certainly, we've heard that educational institutions are having a serious problem with undergraduates, graduate students, even faculty members

who are unable to come back after the winter break. and, you know, but i think the biggest issue are really for families, for people who maybe in iraq sold their homes, sold their cars, and are now trapped either here or in a third country with no certainty as to where they'll end up. >> stewart: nick kulish from the "new york times." thank you so much for taking the time to join us. >> thanks for having me. >> stewart: read about the executive actions president trump has signed so far. visit www.pbs.org/newshour. president trump announced this week he'll renegotiate nafta, the north american free trade agreement with canada and mexico, implemented in the 1990s. mr. trump and other nafta

critics blame it for the closure of american factories and loss of manufacturing jobs, mostly moving to mexico, where labor costs are cheaper. in tonight's signature segment, we look at the views of nafta in texas, which shares a border with mexico and where mr. trump beat hillary clinton by 9% of the vote. but as special correspondent lisa desai reports, many business owners and politicians there favor the free trade deal. >> reporter: at precision mold and tool, this is business as usual. this company in san antonio, texas, creates plastic parts and molds for industries in the united states and around the world. domingo auces is the vice president of operations. >> you know, parts like that you don't notice and use every day, like the remote control that you use for your tv, the buttons on your laptop, the buttons on your shirt. >> reporter: with sales topping $12 million last year, precision mold and tool is one of many small businesses that make texas the number one state for foreign

exports. the lone star state depends heavily on the north american free trade agreement, or nafta, signed in san antonio by president bill clinton in 1993. the agreement allows goods and services to move more freely, without tariffs, across the borders of the u.s., canada and mexico. the benefits promised to americans were economic growth, access to cheaper products and more american jobs. according to the census bureau, since nafta took effect, u.s. trade with canada and mexico has grown steadily and tripled by 2015 to $1 trillion a year. and a 2014 study by the u.s. chamber of commerce shows that nearly five million american jobs, including 350,000 in texas, are supported by increased trade from nafta. auces' company is among those that reaped these benefits. it started in 1985 with just two workers in a garage. today, more than 60 workers are employed at three factories, two

in texas and one in mexico. >> the whole nafta, you know, the way it's set up, it allows us to have that free flow and just to enter and leave the country with a lot of ease. >> reporter: reynosa, mexico, has attracted companies from the u.s. and around the world, taking advantage of low labor costs. it's become a booming manufacturing hub, producing everything from cars to electronics. this growth has allowed auces to expand his business by selling molds directly to the flock of new companies based on the mexican side of the border. what's the benefit of having a presence in mexico? >> you can find other companies that do what we do or similar services, but they might be located on the other side of the country. we are located right next to the majority of our clients. >> reporter: without nafta, would your business be able to stay competitive? >> i don't think we would have been as successful as we have been.

>> reporter: 150 miles from san antonio, laredo, texas, is the border town at the epicenter of this growth. it's home to the world trade bridge, which 14,000 trucks cross every day from both sides of the border. they carried over $160 billion worth of goods last year according to the texas center on border and economic development at texas a&m university. that's nearly a third of all trade between the u.s. and mexico. i.b.c. bank, headquartered in laredo, finances real estate deals boosted by free trade like these wareouses that distribute goods that travel across the border. dennis nixon is the bank's c.e.o. >> laredo was pretty much a small town, and then, when nafta came to pass, that just sort of exploded. >> reporter: nixon says the state's economic growth could come to a standstill if the u.s. were to significantly rollback nafta. >> the people who say we should stop these trade agreements, that would be the beginning of

the end for us. and we'll push. texas cannot survive without mexico; it's our largest trading partner. it would put texas in a recession immediately, and it would frankly destroy laredo, texas. we would not exist without trade. >> reporter: with views like that, it might surprise you to learn that nixon was the texas finance chairman for the trump presidential campaign. >> nafta has been a terrible deal, a total disaster for the united states from its inception. >> reporter: nixon has tried to tell mr. trump, in his opinion, why rolling back nafta could do more harm than good. >> my message to the trump administration is... i've been saying all along is, reach out to people who really live and understand the complications of trade and how they affect the lives of everyday americans and what it does to our nation and our economy. this has to have a holistic process to it, the old story "if it ain't broke, don't fix it." many people would argue that this trade agreement is not broken.

i'm one of those. >> reporter: congressman will hurd's district, stretching from san antonio to el paso, covers 820 miles of the u.s./mexico border, more than any other district in the nation. hurd is a republican who supported trump, but he's concerned about how the president may roll back nafta or impose an import tax on companies that manufacture products in mexico and sell them in the u.s. that could affect one of the biggest employers in his district, toyota, which has more than 3,000 workers in san antonio churning out pickup trucks with some parts made in mexico. >> there is uncertainty, and uncertainty in the business world is not something that you want. but i think people are also... they recognize the opportunities that we have, and i think people are ready to start having negotiations on "what does a future nafta look like?" >> reporter: congressman hurd

has his own ideas for modifying nafta, by making border crossings more efficient and simplifying the customs process, lowering barriers to u.s. agricultural exports and decreasing regulation in the oil and natural gas trade. >> if we're able to upgrade nafta and improve the export markets for american businesses, that helps everybody. that puts more people to work, that increases wages, that helps people move up the economic ladder. so, a proper negotiation achievement, achieving a nafta 2.0, it's going to be great for american businesses. >> reporter: bob cash didn't support president trump but agrees that nafta needs to be renegotiated. cash heads the texas fair trade coalition, an advocacy group for workers rights and fair trade deals. >> trade agreements and the way they've always been sold to us is that it's going to be a win- win situation. and the fact is that they have turned... they are win-win

agreements, but they pretty much win-win for the economic elite, and working class folks have really got the short end. >> reporter: cash says nafta needs new rules for fairer wages and better labor standards to make sure that american workers aren't left behind. >> only a trade deal that's really based on increasing living standards, not profits necessarily, or super profits of corporations, but based on increasing living standards in all three countries has really the chance of delivering the promises that nafta made and never delivered. >> reporter: cesar mendez is a casualty of nafta. he was one of 500 employees who lost their jobs at a wheel manufacturing plant in arkansas when the company moved its operation to chihuahua, mexico, in 2014. >> i mean, you're losing your job. i was with the company for about seven to eight years.

i had settled myself down with the company, with the job i had, so i felt terrible. >> reporter: mendez moved to san antonio in search of new work and to upgrade his skills. his classes are paid for by the trade adjustment assistance program, a u.s. department of labor program that gives benefits to americans who've lost their jobs because of free trade deals. more than 700,000 qualified because of nafta. >> once i did my research, i saw that san antonio is really big in manufacturing, and i would have a better chance once i graduate, finding something in my field and my degree. >> reporter: automation is another factor causing the decline in the number of manufacturing jobs. precision mold and tool is increasingly reliant on machines that can run around the clock, instead of shift workers. >> most people, their biggest complaint about nafta is that, "well, with nafta, there went our jobs." and the way we've always looked at it is that, you know, we look

ahead. you know, there are some jobs that, over time, they are going to go away. >> reporter: so, how has automation changed your operation? >> oh, it's really revolutionized just the ease of how we do our daily operations. now, we have one person that's running multiple machines, and then he's able to walk away from it without any interruption to the machine, because before once that person needed to go take a lunch break or maybe had to tend to something else, that whole process stopped. >> reporter: with the start of nafta's re-negotiation imminent, texas business leaders like banker dennis nixon hope the white house hears their message. are you worried about the future of nafta? >> i mean, maybe, worried is a... i think that the pure reality of nafta is going to show the benefits of nafta, and the consequences of dismantling nafta would be catastrophic to

all three countries. so, this thing has such a massively interconnected, damaging process if we try to take it apart. it's almost like humpty dumpty, you know; we can't put it back together again. >> stewart: two announcements by president trump put him at odds with leaders in the nation's third most populous city, chicago. first, mr. trump wrote on twitter if chicago leaders can't reduce the violence in the city, he'd "send in the feds." there were 4,000 shootings and nearly 800 gun homicides last year. then, he signed an executive order withholding federal grant money from so-called "sanctuary cities" like chicago that limit cooperation with federal authorities on detaining immigrants. to discuss both of these issues, i am joined from chicago by "usa today" reporter aamar madhani.

aamar, to describe what was going on in chicago, president trump used the word "carnage" which quite literally means large-scale killing of people. so in this instance it might actually be the accurate word to use. what is unique about chicago that we're having these kind of numbers? >> well, what's unique about chicago is that i think sort of some of the structural problems that we saw in the 90s and late 80s, in the midst of the crack cocaine epidemic, a lot of the structural problems that caused those spikes in violence that have gone down elsewhere in big cities like new york and l.a., they haven't been totally addressed here. >> stewart: nobody is disputing it's a horrible situation. the thing that upset people was president trump's potential solution. >> it's really vague. he says, "i'm going to send the feds in." does that mean i'm going to order national guard troops in the streets? does that mean i'm going to rush a bunch of federal money to your city? does it mean something else? so there's a little bit

bewilderment and confusion. >> stewart: the murder rate now is not as high as it was in the 90s, but there was a dip, sort of around 2,00 two 2015 to. can that be replicated. >> i think the dip replicated a lot of what you saw in a lot of cities. there's a dime nick chicago with a demolition of housing projects and how that has sort of disjointed gangs in the city, and it's been much more difficult to get a handle on. the other aspect in chicago as well has been the release of the laquan mcdonald videos. there's always been tension in the african american community and the police, but that tension was exacerbated after that. the other aspect that politicians here would also talk about is that the gun laws, they feel, are weak. >> stewart: let me talk to you about sanctuary cities. mayor rahm emanuel said, nope, chicago, we're going to stay a sanctuary city, rejecting

president trump's stance. was that wise, given the financial predicament chicago is in right now? >> basically, everyone, except in miami, every big city, a mayor, county official, has more or less taken the emanuel position. they think this is a court fight. they think this is a starting point. and, also, i think there's this element that this can't be done without congress going along with it. and you might be a republican congressman, but are you going to strip federal funding from your big city in your state? >> stewart: aamar madhani, from "usa today," in chicago, thank you. >> thank you. >> this is pbs newshour weekend, saturday. >> stewart: a day after meeting with president trump in washington, british prime minister theresa may was in turkey today for talks with president recep erdogan. they reportedly discussed economic and security issues, and then britain and turkey

announced they would sign a bilateral free trade agreement after britain leaves the european union. may also announced a deal for britain to help develop a new turkish fighter jet. the prime minister also urged the turkish president to uphold human rights and maintain the rule of law, referring to erdogan's mass purges and jailings following last july's failed military coup. the chinese lunar new year arrived today. hundreds of millions of chinese take advantage of the holiday to travel by train to visit far- away family members. in beijing, many chinese ignored government warnings and set off displays of fireworks to celebrate the year of the rooster despite the dangerous smog in that city. beijing officials said the air pollution level was the second- highest in five years. american tennis star serena williams has done it again. in melbourne, australia, today, williams won the women's singles tennis title for her 23rd grand slam title, passing steffi graf for most major titles in the open era of professional tennis.

35-year-old serena defeated her older sister venus 6-4, 6-4 in the ninth all-williams major title match. with the win, serena williams regains her world number one ranking. after a long career in films and television, veteran british actor sir john hurt has died of pancreatic cancer. hurt was nominated for an academy award for his starring role in the 1980 movie, "the elephant man." he was also well-known for his role as kane in the sci-fi thriller "alien' and more recently he appeared in the "harry potter" films and one of this year's oscar contenders," jackie." on television, hurt played" caligula" in the popular 1970s pbs series "i, claudius." sir john hurt, who was knighted in 2015, was 77 years old. >> stewart: president trump has signed three more executive orders, one asks the pentagon for a new plan within 30 days to defeat isis. a second reorganizing the white

house-run national security council. and the third bans administration officials from lobbying for five years and lobbying for foreign countries permanently. the president also talked by phone today with five world leaders, including russian president vladimir putin, for the first time since taking office. the kremlin sailed the leaders talked about cooperating in syria to defeat isis there. in the call with french president francois hollande, he said he told mr. trump, who has been critical of nato the alliance is "indispensable." and finally tonight if you are affected by the new immigration order, tell us your story. call: >> stewart: that's all for this,dition of pbs newshour weekend. i'm alison stewart. good night. captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by media access group at wgbh

access.wgbh.org >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. judy and josh weston. the cheryl and philip milstein family. the john and helen glessner family trust-- supporting trustworthy journalism that informs and inspires. sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we're your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you.

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