captioning sponsored by wnet on this edition for sunday, february 12: north korea test fires a ballistic missile in defiance of the international community. the trump white house mulls its options over the immigration ban blocked by the courts. and in our signature segment: multiple generations of neighbors living together, by design. next on "pbs newshour weekend." >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. judy and josh weston. the cheryl and philip milstein family. the john and helen glessner family trust-- supporting trustworthy journalism that informs and inspires. sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. barbara hope zuckerberg.

corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we're your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. from the tisch wnet studios at lincoln center in new york, hari sreenivasan. >> sreenivasan: good evening and thank you for joining us. president trump's vow to get tough on north korea is being tested by today's first missile test by north korea since mister trump took office. this morning, north korea fired an intermediate range missile that flew 300 miles east over the korean peninsula and landed in the sea of japan, according to south korean and u.s. officials. the pentagon says the missile posed no threat to north america, and reuters quoted an anonymous u.s. official as saying:" this was no surprise." still, nato-- the u.s. led military alliance with europe--

condemned the test, while south korea and france said it violated united nations resolutions barring north korea from developing or testing ballistic missiles and nuclear weapons. responding to the test, president trump briefly addressed reporters last night at his home in palm beach, florida, along with his weekend guest, japanese prime minister shinzo abe. >> i just want everybody to understand and fully know that the united states stands behind japan, it's great ally, 100%. >> north korea's most recent missile launch is absolutely intolerable. north korea must fully comply with the relevant un security council resolutions. >> sreenivasan: on friday, in a joint news conference with prime minister abe, the president said curbing north korea's nuclear weapons program was as: "very, very high priority." today, senior white house adviser stephen miller said american security partners in asia are critical. >> the message is that we are going to reinforce and

strengthen our vital alliances in the pacific region as part of our strategy to deter and prevent the increasing hostility that we've seen in recent years from the north korean regime. >> sreenivasan: the senate's democratic minority leader said today-- the u.s. should call on china to keep north korea in line. economically-- 90% of imports and exports go through china, and i think we have to tell the chinese that they have to put the wood to north korea in a much more serious way than they've done so far. so, first, how significant was this test, this provocation? >> i don't view this one test as a major change in north korea's capabilities. this is part of a series of tests that north korea's been pursuing for many years. what they're seeking to do is develop a reliable range of missile delivery systems that can can deliver nuclear weapons

all over the region, and eventually to the united states. that takes a lot of tests. so i don't think this one test is a major elevation of their capability. but it's another step in the wrong direction. >> sreenivasan: what's the world to do here? i mean, i just retweeted a note from the nato secretary-general. he says: besides strong condemnation what can the world do? >> well, the good news is we have lots of options. the bad news is they're all really poor options. we can either squeeze and pressure north korea, try to tighten sanctions by working with china and the international community, in the hopes that they'll give up their programs or negotiate them away. or we can prepare ourselves militarily to shoot down missiles, which is an imperfect science, at best, and to defend and protect our allies. i think what we'll end up doing is probably a combination of both. we need to make sure that south coria and japan are with us. we need to keep china on point and pressuring north korea to

stop these dangerous actions, and we need to prepare ourselves militarily in the inevitable case that north korea is just going to keep marching forward. >> sreenivasan: prime minister abe and president trump made a photo-op yesterday evening where they solidified their allegiance to one another, that the united states stands with japan. south korea, right on the border, has a lot more to lose. we haven't heard much on our alliance, or at least our interest to support the south right now. >> that's true. and i think that was an oversight by the president. i don't think it was intentional. our secretary of defense, mattis, was just in south korea and made clear that we will defend south korea with everything we have, if necessary. so i think generally speak the alliance is relatively strong. but this is part of the learning curve that every new president has. you need to make sure you're inclusive of all of our allies, that you don't leave any gaps so that is tha there's no room for north korea to try to separate the united states from its security interests in the region. >> sreenivasan: why are we

here or at this point? considering that you were at the obama white house, and you worked on these issues. what was the stumbling block? why couldn't we get north korea to at least roll back towards disarmament? >> well, i think there are a number of challenges. this is an issue that's been perplexing administrations since the late 1 1980s. i spent time in north korea in the 1990s, when their nuclear program was frozen under president clinton. the major challenge is right now china views a collapse of north korea as a greater threat than they do a nuclear north korea. and until that calculation changes, china is never going to put the type of pressure on north korea needed to gins them to give up their nearly missile capabilities. and right now, kim jong-un, the relatively untested leader of north korea, views them as the accept thor of power, that if he gives those up, his chances of survival are extremely limited so he's going to hold on to them as tightly as he can. >> sreenivasan: would they actually respond or would they feel the impact of, say, greater

sanctions, placed on them by the world community? >> well, i think they already are feeling tight sanctions under the previous administration where i worked. we were able to severely constrain financial flows, the flow of coal into north korea, which is a needed commodity. so i think there is an opportunity to really contradict the exphk-- constrict the economic flow into the north. but as i said, the problem is until china believes that a collapse of north korea is in its interest, they're not going to squeeze them tightly enough. >> sreenivasan: all right, jon wolfsthal, thanks so much for joining us. >> thanks for having me. the trump administration says it's weighing all options to reinstate or amend its executive order banning immigration by citizens from seven predominantly muslim countries: malia, sudan, and yemen., that includes possibly appealing last week's appeals court decision that upheld a federal judge's temporary restraining order of the ban nationwide or issuing a rewrite of the order. white house senior adviser stephen miller, who helped draft the original order, said today: no immigrant has a

constitutional right to enter the united states. >> this is not a decision based upon national origins. it's a decision based upon security conditions in those countries. syria is a disaster zone. libya is in ruins. yemen has a massive resurgent terrorism movement. these are decisions based upon the ability of those countries to cooperate with our intelligence services. >> sreenivasan: the attorney general for washington state-- bob ferguson-- who successfully argued for blocking the ban, says if the case goes to trial on the merits of the policy, he'll try to force trump administration officials to testify. >> that means we can seek depositions from administration officials. we can ask for documents and emails to get behind what truly motivated that executive order. i absolutely intend to use those tools to continue with this case. >> sreenivasan: president trump addressed the nationwide surge in immigration arrests in the past week, tweeting this morning: >> the crackdown on illegal criminals is merely the keeping of my campaign promise. gang members, drug dealers and others are being removed!

>> sreenivasan: pursuant to his executive order calling for expedited deportations, the department of homeland security arrested hundreds of immigrants, in what the agency says were targeted enforcement operations against criminals and undocumented immigrants from a dozen latin american countries. >> sreenivasan: a texas woman was sentenced to eight years in prison for voting illegally. for more on the case watch my interview with associated press reporter paul weber at www.facebook.com/newshour. >> sreenivasan: canadian prime minister justin trudeau will meet president trump for the first time when he visits the white house tomorrow. and the topics of trade, immigration, and national security will likely top their agenda. for a preview of the trudeau- trump meeting, yesterday i spoke with "new york times" reporter ian austen, who reports from the

canadian capital of ottawa. we kind of have an idea of what's going to be on the plate, but how is the canadian government preparing the prime minister for this meeting? >> well, they started preparing for the new administration virtually right after election day. i mean, trudeau started sending down his most senior aides to washington, one of whom was his college roommate, to start making connectioning with the most senior people in the new administration. , you know, the two men couldn't be more unalike in many respects. trudeau constantly describes himself as being a feminist. he's a champion of open immigration. his first move was to bring more syrian refugees into canada. but they've decide that they've got to make nice with this administration because there's just-- just too much at stake. >> sreenivasan: you know, i remember the tweet that i'm finding here: that was in response to the executive order on immigration that trump had put out.

>> ye. but, again, all those responses have been very careful not to criticize trump. trudeau will state what canada's values are, but he won't be drawn out as news conferences. he just did a sort of nationwide tour where he's doing town halls. it's just wrapping up in the arctic. he's never drawn out when people ask him questions about trump. they've decided, i think, that they're going to try and make nice. they're not going to poke mr. trump in the eye, but if mr. trump punches canada, they're going to punch back. >> sreenivasan: you know, speaking of punching, the big issue right in the middle is president trump's interest in renegotiate, nafta. canada is what $670 billion trading partner. how does canada walk into this situation and try to figure out, perhaps, if there is a way to negotiate a better deal? >> canada's got its own complaints about nafta. so trudeau's response has been that they welcome the opportunity to renegotiate it. you know, we'll have to see what

form it takes. nafta has, by some counts, been already had 11 major changes made to it over the course of its history. so this isn't particularly new. the one tricky issue trudeau is going to face is if trump's call about nafta is mostly one directed at mexico, and the signals put out that they'll leave canada alone, do they sell mexico down the river? you know, they'll be in a very, very tight spot there, because trade with the united states is a fundamental aspect of canada's economy. >> sreenivasan: is there pressure being put on prime minister trudeau from different wings of his party to perhaps stand up to trump for canadian values that might be different than donald trump's vision of the world, and at the same time, to make nice and make sure that this is an important relationship that needs to get along and don't poke the bear? >> yeah, i think-- well, i mean, it's been very interesting that the canadian parliamentary

system, of course, members of parliament are obsensibly independent, but there's been very tight discipline within liberal ranks. there haven't been any back-bench liberal members of parliament denouncing trump on twitter or other social media platforms. the opposition in parliament, of course, has been. the leader of the new democratic party repeatedly has called trump a fascist. so externally at least, the party's in solidarity, but there are a lot of canadians who want to see trudeau, you know, stand up and challenge trump on issues. the government's rejacketed that. i think those people are-- they're just going to be disappointed. >> sreenivasan: all right, ian austen of the "new york times" joining us from ottawa tonight. thanks so much. >> excellent, thank you. >> sreenivasan: co-housing is the name for a community of

private homes clustered around shared space, community activities, and common ideals. co-housing also offers an opportunity for members of different generations to live together. the concept is gaining a greater foothold in the united states, but was pioneered in denmark. "newshour weekend's" saskia de melker went there to see how it works. >> reporter: this is the regular dinner scene at saettedammen, a co-housing community 45 minutes outside denmark's capital of copenhagen. stig brinck, an architect, and his wife, an artist, and the teenage daughters they've raised here, are responsible for tonight's meal,for r themselves and 20 neighbors in the common house. >> we eat together four times a week, for those who want to participate. >> reporter: what's it like cooking for 25 people? how do you do that? >> first of all, we have a kitchen that's capable for it. so we have the tools to do it. that's very important. >> reporter: communal meals are a staple at saettedammen, where 71 people live in 28 houses

clustered around shared recreational and outdoor spaces, walkways, gardens, and parking, and a common house. residents are expected to clean shared areas and take turns tending the grounds. everyone shares resources like laundry facilities, outdoor tools, and play equipment. small groups of families rotate leading monthly community meetings. >> you live in kind of a small, small village. you know everybody around you, and you share as much as possible. so you are very close neighbors, and you are kind of depending on each other, but you're not obligated to any strict rules. >> reporter: the saettedammen community is made up of a range of singles, couples, retirees, and families with children. every family has privacy in a home with its own bedrooms, baths, and kitchen. the land is cooperatively owned, but residents own their homes-- a structure similar to a condominium association in the u.s.

the cost of homes here is comparable to other homes in the area, but an average sized household pays about $3,500 dollars a year for communal resources. saettedammen started 46 years ago and is recognized as the first cohousing community in the world. britta bjerre and her husband, arne, were among the first families to move in. >> we didn't want our family to spend our lives in an insular way in a house on a suburban street somewhere. and one day we saw a newspaper ad saying that some people had their eyes on a plot of land, and they were looking for twenty-five to thirty families to buy it and build houses as well as a communal house. >> reporter: lisa berkman, a professor of public policy and epidemiology at harvard university says that cohousing harkens back to the kinds of communities that used to naturally dominate our societies. >> you know, when you think about the apartment buildings that were designed at the turn of the century, they were designed as two-family houses or

three-family houses, each on a floor. and those enabled multi- generation households to live together and still have their own housing. >> reporter: berkman says that cohousing can reduce social isolation and the detrimental health effects associated with it. >> social isolation relates to the number of ties and the quality of relationships that you have: religious ties, community ties, work ties. people who are very isolated, who are disconnected, have a mortality rate that's about three times as high that is, they're about three times as likely to die over maybe a decade, as people who have many, many more ties. >> reporter: 70-year-old jytte helle has lived in saettedammen for 30 years. >> it's important to me to be with a mixed group, not only with other older people, because then we would just talk about our diseases and aches and pains. older people can't give the same energy as younger people can. >> so having neighbors and

knowing their kids, i think that's just like, it's a benefit of having a big family. >> reporter: is this replacing the idea of the extended family? >> indeed it is. i see it very much as the extended family. >> it's like nice to have a friend nearby always that you can talk to. >> reporter: 14-year old ella poulsen has lived in saettedammen her whole life. >> it's kind of like everyone's a parent, and everybody will take care of the kid if there's something wrong and the parents aren't there. i think it's just very safe. >> reporter: it's estimated that at least 1% of the danish population lives in cohousing arrangements. in the united states, the cohousing association of america estimates there are about 150 communities. rocky hill cohousing in northampton, massachusetts was established 12 years ago. it has 28 households with residents ranging from age 2 to 80. with a similar financial model to saettedammen, rocky hill has

a variety of common spaces, resources, activities, and shared chores. >> i love knowing that somebody's out there plowing the path on a snowy morning. that's lovely, knowing that there are mixed ages of people who can help with keeping the place up, and we have our jobs divided. >> reporter: carol rinehart is 72-years-old and just retired from her job as a hospice coordinator. she's lived at rocky hill since its formation. >> you don't get up some day in the morning and say, "you know, i think this is the day i'm going to have a community." you know, you build a community. >> reporter: the number of americans 65 and older is expected to nearly double by 2050. according to the pew research center, 61% say they would prefer to stay in their homes even when they can no longer take care of themselves. that's compared to 17% who would opt for an assisted living facility. just 8% would prefer to move in

with a family member. harvard professor lisa berkman says cohousing allows people to age in their homes. >> with the aging of the population and the increasing frailty that people will experience as they age, at some point everybody needs a little help. americans are particularly vulnerable to social isolation in part because we value independence so much, and because we're so mobile. and we live in a very, very big country. >> reporter: berkman says that while older americans are especially vulnerable to social isolation, young families often tworks as they juggle work and family. college professor gary felder lives at the rocky hill cohousing community with his wife and their two young children. he says their social life is built in, unlike other families who don't live in a cohousing arrangement. >> you've got to arrange babysitting, you need to figure out the timing, and then you've got to rush back and so on. and that was just never a big deal for us.

we would put our kids down, we would throw in a baby monitor and we would go spend an evening with our friends. every week. >> reporter: cause you're right next door, to the common house? >> yeah, absolutely. and if one of our kids woke up, two minutes later we were in the bedroom. >> reporter: felder admits that this lifestyle isn't for eryone, and about one family a ar decides to leave. >> the biggest challenge is that you're making decisions with 27 other households. that is the definition of hell for some people. >> reporter: but felder says that for his family the benefits they get from an intergenerational community outweigh the difficulties. >> the other thing which our kids get, which is even more rare in this society, is they have regular interactions with elders, with seniors. they're very aware of the whole process of people getting older and retiring and having physical problems and dying. >> reporter: rocky hill residents are coming up with new

guidelines to help aging community members, including ride sharing and connecting residents with financial and medical services. >> could we even make a space here in the common house for somebody who lives and is a licensed practical nurse and taking care of several different families who may be in that area of need. >> reporter: at the saettedammen community in denmark, maintaining an intergenerational community is getting harder. more than half of the residents are now over 65. the community is encouraging younger families to move in when homes become available. many long time residents, like jytte helle, don't want to leave their social support network. >> we've been a part of creating this, and want to feel the benefits that come with getting old in a cohousing community like this. >> reporter: do you think there is something about this community, does it keep you younger? >> yes. definitely. i'm convinced that if i lived exclusively with elderly people, i would degenerate. so the fact that i'm living with younger people is a gift on a daily basis.

this is pbs newshour weekend sunday. >> sreenivasan: a united nations inquiry has concluded that at least 18 civilians were inadvertently killed during american-led air strikes targeting taliban fighters in afghanistan three days ago. the airstrike occurred in southern helmand province in a joint operation with afghan forces. an afghan official said the civilians killed-- mostly women and children-- were members of two families. the u.s. military says it is still independently investigating the allegations. iraq's government is promising a full investigation of deadly clashes over election reform. a police officer and at least five followers of radical shiite cleric moqtada al-sadr were killed during clashes yesterday. when anti-government protesters tried to cross a bridge leading to the fortified green zone, where many government offices and embassies are located. iraqi security forces fired bullets and tear gas to disperse the crowds. almost 200 other people were injured.

today, sadr promised what he called "peaceful retaliation." the protesters want changes to a commission overseeing this year's local elections that sadr claims favors his shiite rival, former iraqi prime minister nouri al-maliki. in rural australia, more than two thousand firefighters are battling 86 wildfires and brush fires. temperatures over 100 degrees combined with high winds and little rain have created" catastrophic" fire conditions in new south wales. about 200 miles northwest of sydney. there are reports of destroyed homes and buildings, but no fatalities. in greece, more than 70,000 people began returning to their homes today in the country's second-largest city, after army technicians defused and removed an unexploded bomb from world war two. the five-foot long, 275-pound bomb was discovered a week ago in thessaloniki during an excavation at a gas station. an american plane dropped it in

1944, when german forces occupied the city. finally, only hours before this evening's grammy awards. seven-time grammy winner al jarreau died. in a career spanning half a century and more than 20 albums, the singer won grammys for jazz, r&b, and pop. his biggest hit was "we're in this love together," from 1981. his family said jarreau died in a los angeles hospital today, but gave no cause of death. al jarreau was 76. that's all for this edition of" pbs newshour weekend." i'm hari sreenivasan. good night. captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by:

bernard and irene schwartz. judy and josh weston. the cheryl and philip milstein family. the john and helen glessner family trust-- supporting trustworthy journalism that informs and inspires. sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we're your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. ank you.

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