captioning sponsored by wnet >> sreenivasan: on this edition for saturday, september 16: british police make an arrest following yesterday's london train bombing; how the u.s. is winning the war on isis in court; and in our signature segment, american troops still deployed in japan and the japanese island that wants them to leave. >> do you feel more safe or less safe with the military here? >> oh, less safe. it means we became a target. >> sreenivasan: next on pbs newshour weekend. >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. the cheryl and philip milstein family. sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. dr. p. roy vagelos and diana t. vagelos.

the j.b.p. foundation. the anderson family fund. rosalind p. walter, in memory of abby m. o'neill. barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we're your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. from the tisch wnet studios at lincoln center in new york, hari sreenivasan. >> sreenivasan: good evening, and thanks for joining us. the hunt intensified for the bomber of a london commuter train during friday morning rush hour. britain remains on its highest security alert level of" critical," meaning authorities believe another attack may be imminent. british police arrested an 18- year-old man in the port city of dover outside london. they would not say if he's the

suspected bomber or an accomplice. shortly after the arrest, armed police evacuated a neighborhood in the london suburb of sunbury and searched a house there. the commissioner of london's metropolitan police said this is fast-moving investigation. >> we will continue to work as hard as we can to make sure that we reduce the threat in this country and that we know exactly who it was that did this, whether there is anyone else involved. >> sreenivasan: the train bombing injured at least 29 people, some with burns. the homemade bomb-- on a timer and hidden in a paint bucket-- did not fully explode but did send flames through the subway car. the parsons green station where the explosion occurred partly reopened today. isis has claimed responsibility. it is the country's fifth terrorist attack this year, including a london bridge van attack and the suicide bombing outside a concert at a manchester arena. organizers billed today's gathering on the washington, d.c., mall as the "mother of all

rallies" in support of president donald trump. about 500 trump supporters turned out for speeches and a concert. they said their purpose was to defend american culture and values. across from the white house, a smaller group of anti-trump demonstrators called on mr. trump to take a harder line on russian meddling in the election last year. in a direct challenge to the trump administration, california's democrat-controlled legislature early this morning approved a "sanctuary state" bill. it would strictly limit how much state and local police in all cities can cooperate with federal immigration agents. governor jerry brown has said he'll sign it, but the governor has not said if he'll sign the bill to move up california's presidential primary from june to march in 2020. legislators want the golden state to have a greater influence picking the party's nominees. another bill on brown's desk would make california the first state to require all presidential candidates to release tax returns for the last five years in order to appear on the primary ballot. in st louis, activists are planning further demonstrations over the latest acquittal in a fatal police-involved shooting.

last night, police clashed with protesters of yesterday's acquittal of a white police officer who shot and killed a black driver after a high speed chase in 2011. officer jason stockley had been charged with first-degree murder for shooting anthony lamar smith five times while smith sat in his car, an incident captured on police dash cam video. stockley said he felt he was in danger because he thought smith was holding a gun, and the judge found prosecutors failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that stockley did not act in self defense. prosecutors said smith did not have a gun. demonstrations began peacefully but after dark police used tear gas and pepper spray to disperse protesters who confronted them, threw rocks and broke windows on the mayor's house. at least 23 people were arrested and ten officers were injured. florida power companies say just under a million homes and businesses are still without electricity almost a week after hurricane irma struck the state. tomorrow, for the first time since irma battered the florida

keys, residents and business owners will be allowed back to check on their property. the new iphone 10 will offer facial recognition technology, which has raised concerns over privacy. read more at www.pbs.org/newshour. for the past three years, isis has replaced al qaeda as the primary terrorist concern in the united states and abroad. isis operatives or sympathizers have carried out horrific attacks in london, paris, brussels, as well as orlando, florida and san bernardino, california. with investigations into possible isis suspects all over the country, the f.b.i. and federal prosecutors have brought terrorism charges in 135 cases, with a 100% conviction rate in resolved cases.

this week, the center on national security at fordham law school here in new york released a report on those cases, and the center's director, karen greenberg, joins me now to discuss it. let's start with, you know, we're talking in the context of another attack in london. what's different about the attacks that are happening in the united states versus what's happening in europe? e second thing is, is that in europe, many of them have been highly organized attacks involving numerous individuals, whereas the plots in this country often don't amount to attacks. law enforcement often stops them before they even get to any kind of coherent plot. the attacks that we have seen have sort of been separate from what law enforcement is doing, but for the most part, the landscape looks very different in the united states in terms of number, complexity, and other things like that. >> sreenivasan: so a lot of the times, i guess, in the u.s. it's people that are plooting to and sometimes with the assistance of the government,

and kind of a sting operation? >> you know, it's interesting. there's always been sting operations for terrorism. and what you've seen with the isis cases is a marked increase in the percentage of cases that the f.b.i. is bringing that are informant cases. so, for example, this year, in 2017, where we've only seen 17 indictments so far, i think it's over 80% of them are f.b.i. stings. so it tells you that they see this as a preventive model that they're relying upon, but it's got a lot of controversy around it. >> sreenivasan: is there a profile of the type of person that does this? >> there is no profile. the most frequent age is 20 years old. they're usually men-- males. they can be from any ethnic background. many of them are looking for their day in the sun. many are looking for purpose or some kind of mission, but that is not something quantifiable and not something predictable, so, no. >> sreenivasan: one of the things that leapt out from the report is 78% of defendants are u.s. citizens. >> yeah. >> sreenivasan: 60% born in

the u.s. > yeah, yeah. these are americans. they're american kids who-- who grow up and have-- make a decision at some point in their late adolescence, for the most part, that they-- they want to engage in violence or that they are fantasizing about violence. and many of them come to isis late in their sort of wandering. some of them tried to join militias first. some of them tried to join the army first. you know, it's different patterns. >> sreenivasan: does europe look at u.s. as a model then? >> i don't think so. europe is much closer to the fight in the middle east. the numbers of returning foreign fighters to europe are, you know, staggering in terms of their numbers. that's what they're worried about. the numbers of muslims in jail and in prison in europe is very high. and so, prison radicalization is also very important. our sample-- not our sample, the 135 cases, very few of them had criticism records. some of them may have engaged with police in the past but they

are not served time in prison, they have not been indictmented. they have not been foreign fighters. so it's a different context. >> sreenivasan: you show the numbers have been decreasing year over year since 2015. what are we to make of that? it's working, our interventions or punishments, or has the strategy shifted? >> i think law enforcement has sent out a very clear message-- don't go there. don't think about it. that's the first thing. the second thing, during the first year a number of these individual wanted to go abroad. they wanted to fight. they were foreign fighters and the f.b.i. intervened in a very strong way there, but i don't think it was just that. i think the news headlines about what happened when these individuals went abroad, i think the amount of brutality and death has made individuals who want to go abroad, you know, much less. and it may be that some of the counter-extremism programs that are active in places like minneapolis and other major cities around the country, may be working. >> sreenivasan: green from the center onstantial security at

fordham law school, thank you for joining us. >> thank you for having me. >> reporter: north korean dictator kim jong un recently said his goal is to reach an "equilibrium of real force" with the united states and dissuade talk of u.s. military action against his regime, and that he wants to finish his nuclear weapons program despite sanctions. kim's comment comes after north korea test-fired a ballistic missile over northern japan for the second time in just a few weeks. north korean state-run media released this video, which shows the missile launch along with these photos of kim jong un watching it. the north korean threat and china's assertiveness in the south china sea underscore how japan still relies on the u.s. military for protection, just as it has since the end of world war ii. earlier this month, defense secretary jim mattis said the u.s. will work with japan to enhance its missile defenses, and the u.s. commitment to

defend japan remains "ironclad." in tonight's signature segment, newshour weekend special correspondent amy guttman reports from the japanese island of okinawa on how u.s. bases there are a cause of concern to many residents. >> and then, on april 1 at 0530 in the morning... >> reporter: u.s. marine mark waycaster leads tours of the 1945 battle of okinawa every week. >> ...we dropped 4,500 tons of ordnance on that beach. >> reporter: okinawa was the bloodiest battle in the pacific during world war ii. 14,000 americans were killed, as were 150,000 japanese military and civilians. and u.s. troops never left. ( gunfire ) the american soldiers have been the cornerstone of the post- world war ii pact to protect a demilitarized japan. u.s. troops deployed from okinawa to fight the wars in korea and vietnam. soldiers came back for rest and relaxation.

the troops also provide economic security. 9,000 okinawans work on the bases, and many more at businesses supporting them. emblems of the fused culture are all over the island. >> ( translated ): in this area, there were more than 100 bars. >> reporter: tomoteru tamari's family owned a restaurant that thrived during the more lucrative years of the vietnam war. >> ( translated ): my father, he became so prosperous that all of us nine children were able to go to university, thanks to the u.s. base. >> reporter: but those benefits are outweighed for most okinawans by a feeling of endless military occupation. after japan surrendered in world war ii, okinawa was kept under american military rule for more than two decades. residents of the island only won the right to elect their own governor in 1968. today, there are 29,000 troops on okinawa, more than half of the 56,000 u.s. troops still

stationed in japan. one of the u.s. military bases, futenma air station, sits in a dense urban area right in the middle of the island. marine lieutenant general lawrence nicholson is the highest-ranking u.s. military officer on okinawa. he says today's global threats make the mission here as relevant as ever. >> we have china, north korea, russia and the violent extremism that is occurring today in mindanao of the philippines. the location here, a couple hundred miles south of japan, puts us centrally located to be able to respond quickly-- very, very quickly-- to a korean scenario from here to a defense of all of our allies. >> reporter: okinawa's location within two hours' flight time to the korean peninsula, three hours to russia, make it both vulnerable and valuable to the u.s. >> certainly, we're concerned about the longer-range missiles. kim jong un has launched more missiles in his short time than

his father and grandfather combined. so, the obsession with weaponizing and delivering nuclear weapons has caused us significant concern. >> reporter: japan shares the burden of the costs of u.s. deployment. it pays the u.s. $1.7 billion a year for the protection, about one-third of the $5.5 billion the military spends in the whole country. the japanese government in tokyo also sends okinawa funds for hosting the americans. despite the government subsidies and spending by military personnel, a majority of okinawans want the american troops to leave. one of the biggest complaints: nearly 6,000 crimes committed by u.s. military personnel since 1972, according to police records. when three u.s. servicemen abducted and raped a 12-year-old girl in 1995, public outrage

soared and propelled talks to reduce troop levels on the island. in 2014, the crime rate for the u.s. military personnel on okinawa reached an historic low. but last year residents were reminded of past brutalities when a u.s. military contractor raped and murdered a 20-year-old woman. how do you explain these atrocities? >> you can't explain it. we were as shocked and horrified by the incident as anyone. the fact that it was an american civilian working on a base that had committed this was devastating. we have an obligation to be better. >> reporter: that pledge is little solace for kinjo takemasa. his mother managed a bar near a base in the northern part of okinawa. in 1974, she died when a u.s. marine hit her in the head with a brick during a robbery. >> ( translated ): i used to think the u.s. military was helping to revitalize our town. but it was an illusion because i became a victim.

>> reporter: six days a week, protesters gather outside this base to complain about the military presence, including the noise and the safety risks of u.s. aircraft flying above. v-22 ospreys take off from futenma air station every day. the controversial and accident- prone aircraft takes off like a helicopter and flies like a plane. they cruise over homes, hospitals and schools. practically next door, professor masa'aki tomochi teaches international relations at the university of ryukyu. how regularly do you hear planes taking off and landing? >> every day,from the morning to the night time, actually. six months ago, one osprey crashed in okinawa. >> reporter: okinawa governor takeshi onaga is leading the fight to reduce the american military presence. >> ( translated ): we depend on security from u.s. military bases in this country, but, the japanese government, they are willing to locate all the bases

in okinawa. i can't tolerate this over- concentration of u.s. bases. >> reporter: onaga calls it "over-concentration" because okinawa represents less than 1% of japan's land, yet 64% of the japanese land used for u.s. bases is on the island. since his election three years ago, he's tried to block construction in this picturesque, sparsely populated area in the northern part of the island called henoko bay, where a new base would replace futenma air station. so, what do you see as the solution? >> ( translated ): i'd like all japanese to shoulder the burden of hosting u.s. bases. when i speak with people coming from mainland japan, i say, "why don't you host u.s. military bases in your hometown?" >> reporter: the u.s. has agreed to reduce its presence in okinawa by relocating 9,000 marines to bases in guam, australia, hawaii and other american states. but there's no fixed timeline for that to happen.

the military has returned 12,000 acres of land once used for bases and training to the okinawan government, with 3,000 more acres promised. professor tomochi sees more risks than rewards in relocating futenma air station. you don't see its strategic value? >> if the u.s. and japan think that their potential enemy is china, for example, if china launched missile to u.s. military bases in japan, including okinawa, you know, it's useless. >> reporter: so, do you feel more safe or less safe with the military here? >> less safe. it means we became a target. >> reporter: most okinawans oppose a new airfield in henoko bay, but construction has begun and the japanese government is footing the bill. kinjo takemasa has been among those protesting the project and its environmental impact.

>> ( translated ): this is sacred ocean for me, a sanctuary. i became a protester because the u.s. base destroyed nature. >> reporter: businessman tomoteru tamari, whose father owned that thriving restaurant, is among the minority of okinawans who support the new airfield, as do local officials hoping it will revive the area's fortunes. >> ( translated ): some residents who had moved out are starting to move back. there's hope the population will increase and create a better environment for children, better education. >> reporter: but okinawa's government says the island would be better off with more private development. it says this town, built on land reclaimed from the u.s. military and now home to an entertainment and shopping complex, has an economic impact 100 times greater than the base that was here before. okinawans would like to replicate that success, turning more prime real estate used by the military into valuable destinations for commerce and tourism-- like this beach, where the u.s. marines first landed in 1945.

>> sreenivasan: bangladesh accused neighboring myanmar today of repeatedly violating its airspace with drones and helicopters, but myanmar denied it, adding it's been transporting rations to refugees near the border. around 400,000 muslims, known as the rohingya, have fled mostly- buddhist myanmar into bangladesh during the last month. the exodus began when myanmar's military cracked down on an armed resistance by the long- persecuted rohingya minority and burning rohingya villages. a united nations official called the actions by myanmar's military a "textbook example of ethnic cleansing." largely silent on the matter is for more on the rohingya refugee crisis, i am joined by reuters' myanmar bureau chief, antoni slodkowski, via skype from bangkok in neighboring thailand. antoni, let me start with the scenes that we have witnessed over the past several weeks.

we're talking about hundreds of thousands of humans fleeing one country and going directly to bangladesh, who don't really have the capacity to host them. >> yes, indeed, it's a horrible humanitarian disaster of epic proportions. we're seeing, as you said, hundreds of thousands of people who have fled myanmar in a very short period of time, and humanitarian agencies and the united nations agencies in neighboring bangladesh are struggling with the most basic supplies, such as water, food, and sanitation. so this is really a humanitarian disaster of huge propoorgzs. >> sreenivasan: what do we know about the burning of these villages that is driving so many of these refugees to cross the border? >> so, the myanmar government blames the rohingya insurgents on the fires, but people who have crossed the border and organizations such as amnesty

international and human rights watch, point the finger at the myanmar military, saying that it's the myanmar military organizing a campaign of arson and intimidation to drive the rohingya out of myanmar. >> sreenivasan: now, suu yhi, has chosen not to go to the general assembly. has she made any stiements? >> not many. in subsequent appearances she referred to these attacks as terrorism. but the silence is about to change because she is scheduled to deliver what's billed as the states of the union adress on tuesday, so all eyes will be on her during that address. >> sreenivasan: all right, antoni slodkowski, myanmar bureau chief for reuters joining us by skype from bangkok,

tiland, today. thank you. >> this is pbs newshour weekend, saturday. >> sreenivasan: the trump administration is defying a court order to release the names of everyone who's visited president trump at his florida golf resort since his inauguration. in july, a federal judge ordered the public disclosure, but yesterday the justice department provided only 22 names-- all members of the japanese prime minister's delegation when he visited in february. citizens for responsibility and ethics and two other groups had sued for the visitor logs at mar-a-lago in palm beach, where mr. trump has spent 25 days since taking office. the justice department maintains the president's schedule is exempt from the freedom of information act. jeffrey sandusky, a son of penn state football assistant coach jerry sandusky, who was convicted of sexually abusing underage boys, is heading to prison for his own sex crimes. the 41-year-old is expected to

serve six to eight years in state prison following yesterday's guilty plea for soliciting nude photos from a 16-year-old girl and asking a 15-year-old girl for oral sex. jeffrey sandusky, a former state prison guard, is one of jerry sandusky's six adopted children. he had been set to go to trial next week. the elder sandusky was convicted in a 2012 trial of molesting ten boys. veteran hollywood character actor harry dean stanton, who appeared in more than 200 movies and tv shows, died yesterday of natural causes. >> an ordinary person spends his life avoiding toans situations. repo man spends his life getting into tense situations. >> sreenivasan: the kentucky- born stanton created memorable supporting roles in such films as "repo man" and "alien," and had a rare star turn in "paris, texas." stanton also appeared in "the godfather part ii," "pretty in pink," and, most recently, in the revival of tv's "twin peaks."" twin peaks" director david lynch once said, "no one gives a

more honest, natural, truer performance than harry dean stanton." stanton was 91 years old. >> sreenivasan: and join us tomorrow on pbs newshour weekend. we'll have the story of major american businesses that aren't waiting for the government and are taking their own action on climate change. that's all for this edition of pbs newshour weekend. i'm hari sreenivasan. thanks for watching. have a good night. captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

>> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. the cheryl and philip milstein mily. sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. dr. p. roy vagelos and diana t. vagelos. the j.p.b. foundation. the anderson family fund. rosalind p. walter, in memory of abby m. o'neill. barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we're your provided by:upport has been and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. [lively music playi]

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