captioning sponsored by wnet >> sreenivasan: on this edition for sunday, november 5: multiple fatalities, after a gunman opens fire inside a texas church. president trump arrives in japan and reinforces american commitment to allies in the region. in our signature segment: japan's economic growth plan-- more women in the workplace. next, on pbs newshour weekend. >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. the cheryl and philip milstein family. sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. dr. p. roy vagelos and diana t. vagelos. the j.b.p. foundation. the anderson family fund. rosalind p. walter, in memory of abby m. o'neill. barbara hope zuckerberg.

corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we're your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. from the tisch wnet studios at lincoln center in new york, hari sreenivasan. >> sreenivasan: good evening and thanks for joining us. a small town church about 30 miles east of san antonio has become the site of america's latest mass shooting. today, a lone armed man walked into sunday services at the first baptist church in sutherland springs, texas, a community of about 700 people, and began shooting parishioners, and then he fled the scene. eyewitnesses say the incident began during the 11:00 a.m. service, when they heard the sound of semi-automatic gunfire. police who responded to 911 calls chased the shooter and,

in the words of the local sheriff, he was "taken down." but it was not clear whether the police shot him, or the gunman killed himself. law enforcement officials say there are multiple fatalities, but they have not said how many. two county commissioners say they've been told it could be more than 20. the local sheriff has said the fatalities include children. some wounded survivors were taken by helicopter to nearby hospitals, including the brooke army medical center. texas public media reports connally memorial medical center, 10 miles away in floresville, texas, confirms it was treating at least ten wounded church-goers. sutherland springs is in wilson county, texas, and wilson county commissioner ernest "skip" hajek joins me on the phone. sir, tell me a little bit about this community, about this church. >> this is a very small community. it's not even an incorporated town. it was historically the first county seat of the county many years ago until it merged but

it's just a very tiny community. agricultural places around. probably about seven miles from a lavernea texas. >> did you know any of the people that were going to church there today. >> i found out a couple of my friends were at the church, yes. >> i'm very sorry in case any of your friends are injured. what does hearing this news do to you? >> it's very heartbreaking. just a major tragedy for the community. this was the last community you would think something like this would happen. my heart goes out to all of the community here, all the victims and their families. >> i mean these sound like very small areas where people know each other and still talk to each other when they pass each other on the street.

>> exactly. , exactly, that is a pesh feblg way to describe this community. >> is there anything when you got to the scene, can you describe what you saw there when you were trying to help law enforcement out. >> a lot of ambulances, helicopters, from where i stand, the majority of the people that died were inside the church, there were one or two on the outside. just a very tragic event. >> do you know anything about who might have done this or some of the people that might be victims here? >> from what i understand the person that did this was from another community, probably in a 60 mile radius of our community here. we don't have a name yet. but they are still processing that scene and trying to identify him at this time. >> what about the people in

there, these are your friends. >> they're in there at this time trying to identify everyone. we don't have that information yet. >> this is going to be a very lengthy crime scene process because of the enormity of it. >> ernest skip hajek, thank you so much for joining us on the phone. we're sorry for what is going on there. >> thank you. >> sreenivasan: on the first day of his 12-day trip to asia, esident trump talked up trade ties with japan and presented a united front against north korea. after arriving in tokyo, mr. trump went to a nearby american air base to address american and japanese service members, telling them japan is a crucial ally and warning nor korea not to test america's patience.

>> no one, no dictator, no regime, and no nation, should underestimate, ever, american resolve. every once in a while, in the past, they underestimated us. it was not pleasant for them, was it? it was not pleasant. >> sreenivasan: later, mr. trump met with prime minister shinzo abe for lunch and nine holes of golf. before teeing off, they signed golf caps that read, "donald and shinzo: make the alliance even greater." the white house says the two leaders talked trade and north korea, but didn't keep score. a top pentagon admiral has told members of congress that it would take a ground invasion of north korea to assure the destruction of the country's nuclear weapons program. the letter from rear admiral michael dumont was a reply to a query from two democratic congressmen. this weekend, 15 democrats and one republican member of the house of representatives-- all military veterans-- called the assessment "deeply disturbing." they said a ground invasion could result in millions of deaths in just the first few

days of fighting. the young future king of oil-producing saudi arabia has carried out a swift and sudden purge, ordering the arrest of four government ministers and eleven princes of the royal family, including a billionaire businessman who's a major investor in u.s. companies. the sweep came only hours after the king named his son, 32-year-old crown prince and heir-apparent mohammed bin salman, head of an anti- corruption committee, with broad powers of investigation and arrest. among those arrested is multi- billionaire prince alwaleed bin talal, a nephew of king salman, who controls arab satellite television networks and owns stakes in citigroup, apple, twitter, ebay, news corp, and time warner. those arrested are being held in five-star hotels in the saudi capital of riyadh. for more on the saudi purge, i am joined here in the studio by gary sick, who served on the national security council under presidents ford, carter, and reagan. he's now a senior research scholar at columbia university's middle east institute, and an adjunct professor at the school of international and public

affairs. why do there purge? >> you know, that's the big question. they say it's all about corruption. i really don't believe that. tucked in among those people who were arrested were at the hand of the national guard which is the one remaining military group that wasn't under control of the crown prince already and i think this provided excellent cover to get him out of the way. they arrested just a couple of weeks ago, ten days ago a huge number of clerics and liberal minded reformers who were in many ways critical in one form or another of the crown prince. it looks very much as if they are clearing the round here for a takeover so the young prince is going to become the king. >> so basically we have a different saudi arabia than we had before. this has real affects on the stability of the region. >> smeaking of stability, one of the ones caught up in this is a global investor who has his finninger in lots of places, what does that do to not just those companies but different

markets seeing where sawdzee arabia is out approximating its-- its money. >> the saudi leadership announced today that they were this this wouldn't have any impact on the holdings, basically the continue out of all of these companies. but you know, with your key investor in very nice house arrest in a fancy hot tell in riyadh, you have to wonder about the state of the company and all those shares and what about his voting rights and so forth. >> kind of two questions here, the direction of saudi arabia in the sense that just in the last few months we've seen incremental movements that women are going to get the right to drive, they will get the right to go to soccer stadiums as of next year. and then on the other hand we are engaged in a military conflict in yemen as a coalition partner with them as well while all of this koition of power happens. >> you know, this is the unanswered question.

because once the young prince came in he immediately launched an envision of yemen which only people vaguely aware of the situation in the arabian peninsula could have told him is a losing situation and it turned into a quagmire, he is pouring money into the thing and it's not getting any place. and just a short while ago he launched a seige of qatar in which he cut off within of the countries participating in the gulf cooperation council which we always relied on for military stability in the region and that looked as if it's not going to be resolve any time soon. and then he just son the same day of this announcement of the palace purge took place, saudi a yaib-- arabia intervened in the politics of lebanon, got rid of the prime minister there and it looks as if that could have long-term implications that could lead to an internal

breakdown, civil war or even a war between israel and hezbollah. so they're really involved in upsetting the status quoa throughout the region, so the united states to a considerable degree in complicit in this because the relationship that president trump has created with the new crown prince which is very, very strong is-- puts us as a part of this thing. >> sreenivasan: a lot to walk. gary sick, thanks very much. >> good to talk to you. >> sreenivasan: the ousted leader of spain's catalonia region, and four regional officials dismissed by spain's central government for pursuing secession, surrendered to police and remain in custody in belgium today. spain had issued european arrest warrants for former catalan president carles puigdemont and the others on friday. a belgian judge is expected to rule tomorrow if the catalan politicians will face

extradition to spain on charges of sedition and embezzlement. they fled to belgium after spain's central government invoked direct rule of catalonia and dissolved the regional parliament. in the catalan capital of barcelona today, hundreds of protesters demanded that puigdemont and the others be freed. the next major united nations climate change conference opens tomorrow in bonn, germany. known as the cop-23 summit, and presided over by fiji, the gathering is meant to finalize rules for implementing the voluntary 2015 paris climate accord agreed to by every nation except the united states and syria. in a coal-mining district an hour outside bonn today, 2,000 demonstrators marched, calling for germany to wean itself faster off coal, a major source of co2 emissions. the delegation being sent by the trump administration to the climate change conference includes industry representatives who promote the continued use of coal, along with nuclear power, and liquified natural gas. a powerful typhoon has battered the central and southern coast

of vietnam. typhoon damrey has killed 27 people and damaged 40,000 homes since making landfall yesterday. residents and tourists in the unesco heritage town of hoi an waded through streets filled with five feet of water. heavy rainfall is expected to continue through tuesday, in an area only 50 miles from the asian economic summit which presidents trump and putin will attend this week. in malaysia, typhoon-strength rains have destroyed hundreds of homes. the government deployed military forces today to help evacuate thousands of people affected by rising floodwaters. almost seven weeks since hurricane maria devastated the u.s. territory of puerto rico, where 3.5 million american citizens live, 60% of homes and businesses on the island now have power, and 83% now have drinkable, running water, according to the puerto rican government. in the u.s. virgin islands of st. croix, st. john, and st. thomas, where 100,000 u.s. citizens live, 79% of residents remain without power, according to fema.

a "boil water" advisory remains in effect for the whole territory, where more than half the homes were damaged by maria. watch my interview with doctor michael charness about the healthcare challenges still facing puerto rico in the aftermath of hurricane maria. the fact people couldn't get medications, refills, find physicians, meant that diabetics and hypertensives, people with epilepsy, people with asthma were basically getting sick because they had treatable deceases >> sreenivasan: visit facebook.com/newshour. >> sreenivasan: on this first full day of his asia trip, president trump met with japanese prime minister shinzo abe, whose ruling coalition won two-thirds of the seats in japan's parliament last month. during his five years in power, one of abe's top economic goals has been to expand japan's workforce and increase productivity by seeing more

women employed. the approach has become known as "womenomics." in tonight's signature segment, newshour weekend special correspondent amy guttman mographic trends and cultural's obstacles. >> reporter: with japan's population declining by 300,000 people last year, its workforce continues to shrink. japan has virtually no immigrants working their way up the economic ladder to fill open jobs, and with more than a quarter of its people over 65 years old, japan is aging faster than any other industrialized nation. when japanese prime minister shinzo abe took office five years ago, he recognized the economic impact of these factors and turned to an under-utilized section of japanese society for a fix: bringing more women into the workplace. >> ( translated ): a society where all women who can challenge their dreams at any time or place, we will continue to introduce policies for women by 2020. >> reporter: womenomics is the name for abe's policy to close japan's gender gap and fuel the

economy with programs giving women more opportunities to work and be promoted. member of parliament yunoki michiyoshi has supported womenomics. he says female empowerment and economic revitalization go hand in hand. >> ( translated ): there are male politicians who are against womenomics, and who hate the idea of female empowerment. but if you think about economics,f you think about japan's fiscal future, we need taxes from working women. >> reporter: before womenomics began, more than half of japanese women worked outside the home. but a majority of them worked only part-time, in mostly low- skilled and low-paying jobs. and only 38% of japanese women returned to part-time or full- time work after having children. abe's goals included enticing more mothers back to work, and tripling the number of women in management roles, from less than 10% in 2012 to 30% by 2020. but womenomics has had its

critics, some from inside abe's own conservative party. member of parliament shoji nishida doesn't believe the plan is necessary. >> ( translated ): we have to find a solution, not just quotas. it could bankrupt companies if they are obliged by the government to hire a mandatory number of women in management. the consequence will be a disaster. either the company will be crushed from the financial burden, or you will have women just given the title. >> reporter: how do you propose encouraging them to promote more women? >> ( translated ): i don't believe there is a complete gender equality. 50-50 women and men in companies, is this a good result? i don't think so. >> reporter: one step abe has taken to make full-time work more attractive to mothers is to reduce japan's national day care shortage. the government has allocated funds for 500,000 more slots in new daycare centers. campaigning for re-election last month, abe promised to go

further, providing free daycare and kindergarten for children up to age five. shiseido, japan's largest cosmetics company, offers a model for what abe wants to achieve. its on-site daycare serves a workforce that's 80% female, and it hit its own target of seeing 30% of its managers be women. emi watanabe is one of them. a married mother of two in tokyo, watanabe has worked for shiseido since graduating college. she says the daycare and the company's policy of paid family leave saved her career. >> ( translated ): i've been able to balance work and child- rearing. i had my first baby right after i got married. in shiseido, not only is the parental leave system available, it's possible, for sure, to come back to the workplace. >> reporter: at shiseido, the company says 96% of working mothers do come back to their jobs. >> ( translated ): the company truly believes in the capability

of women and appreciates the importance of motivating employees so they can create more innovation. and this is conducive to the sustainable growth and development of shiseido. >> reporter: to help other companies move in shiseido's direction, abe pushed japan's parliament to make the national parental leave law more generous. it now requires employers to offer parents a year of paid leave for a newborn-- six months at two-thirds of their salary, and six months at half their salary. but womenomics runs contrary to some long-held cultural norms. one of them is "matahara," or "maternity harassment." half of japanese working women say they've experienced it. sayaka osakabe says when she became pregnant three years ago, she was afraid to tell her bosses. she was working full-time in advertising for a tokyo media company. >> ( translated ): it's normal for full-time, working women, once they get pregnant, to quit and become a full time housewife. it's so accepted and common, there's even a phrase people use. they say, happy retirement.

>> reporter: her boss even showed up at her home to encourage her to retire. >> reporter: my male bosses told me to choose my career or my baby. if i stayed, they said, i should give up my baby. >> reporter: osakabe intended to work through her pregnancy. but she quit because of what she calls a hostile work environment. osakabe later sued her former employer and won a court judgment. her case, and another like it, caught the attention of prime minister abe, who pushed parliament to strengthen anti- discrimination laws. japanese companies are now required to educate employees and managers about maternity harassment. however, osakabe says, the law is toothless, because there are no penalties for violations. she's started an organization actually called "matahara," to advise companies how to prevent workplace discrimination, and to support women who've experienced it. >> ( translated ): for the women of japan today, the choices are: 100% full time housewife, or you can be a career woman, dedicating your whole life, no

husband, no children, only to your career. the third choice is, you can be a working mom as a part-timer. i'm fighting to help make it better for the next generation. >> reporter: another long-held cultural norm that's an obstacle to womenomics is "karoshi," or "death by overwork." in japan, 18-hour workdays are common. the prospect of extremely long days has deterred many mothers from returning to the workplace. akira matsumoto, the c.e.o. of japanese snack food manufacturer calbee, has tried to curb that habit. >> they are working too long. that's why our company's working style is so flexible now. >> reporter: calbee's flex time policy encourages employees to work fewer hours, or to work from home. the company also pays for childcare when mothers first return to work. matsumoto says calbee has also quadrupled its percentage of female managers from 6% to 24% and is on pace to reach abe's goal of 30%.

>> just men can not manage this company. without change, we cannot survive. >> reporter: do you ever hear negative feedback, or resistance from men? >> yes, of course yes. >> reporter: and your response is? >> if you do not like this, you can leave the company. there are so many, many companies outside this building. you can go. no one has left the company so far. >> reporter: what's new about womenomics is that some companies are now recognizing that supporting women in the workplace means creating policies for men. across japan, only 3% of working fathers take paternity leave. at taisei, one of japan's largest and oldest construction companies, that norm is being challenged, with mixed results. tetsuya shioiri is the company's human resources director. he says taisei encourages working fathers to take time off for a newborn, and most actually do. however, after returning to work, the fathers miss time with their families, because of "karoshi."

>> ( translated ): it's a traditional mindset, male mindset, makes them feel ashamed to leave early. i hope working shorter hours will become more popular. >> reporter: construction site manager aya fujikawa is an example of how prime minister abe's plan could be successful in the long term. she says taisei's family leave and flextime policies enabled her to stay on the job through her second pregnancy. her husband also works for the company, and spends more hours than she does at home taking care of their first child. >> ( translated ): my husband drops off and picks up my child, because i leave for work while my son is sleeping and return home after he has gone to bed. my husband is responsible for the child care, bathing, feeding, and daily routine. >> reporter: how unusual is your home life? >> ( translated ): at my company and within the whole of japanese society, our situation is very much in the minority. my friends are very surprised. they admire me. >> reporter: taisei also conducts workshops for employees

and their spouses, to learn to share household chores and childcare duties. >> ( translated ): our company is in desperate need to recruit women. we need talented people regardless of gender. supporting women is not enough. we need to support those around them. >> reporter: since womenomics began, the percentage of japanese women working outside the home has grown from 61% to 66%: that's a million more women. and the percentage of working mothers returning to work has risen from 38% to 53%, compared to 71% in the u.s. but prime minister abe has backtracked considerably on the goal of tripling the percentage of women in management positions, from 10% to 30%. today, that number has increased modestly to 13%, and abe now hopes to boost it to 15% by 2021.

>> returning to our lead story, officials in texas say more than 20 people were killed today and more than ten were wounded in a church shooting in rural a sutherland spinnings, 30 miles from san antonio. officials say the massacre was carried butt a single gunman who is now dead. finally 50,000 people took part in the new york marathon under heavy police presence just six days after the truck attack in lower manhattan. the first woman to cross the track was an american, first time that happened in 40 years. jeffrey camror of kenya won the race just three seconds ahead of countryman an past winner wilson kipsani. that is all for this edition of pbs newshour weekendment i'm hari sreenivasan, thanks for watching.

captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. the cheryl and philip milstein family. sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. dr. p. roy vagelos and diana t. vagelos. the j.p.b. foundation. the anderson family fund. rosalind p. walter, in memory of abby m. o'neill. barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we're your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. be more-- pbs.

what was it like when you came here? did people make crocodile dundee jokes? people would say to me, "is it true all australians wrestle crocodiles?" i said, "well, not all of them." wall street ceos are thought to be people that throw things at the walls and scream and yell. i think if you're the seventh of 12 children, you don't wanna be the thrower. are you in favor of repealing dodd-frank? that's a terrifying thought actually to start again. what's gonna replace it? the world doesn't want the large banks to be unregulated. you've been the ceo for seven years or so. that's pretty long. what are you telling me, david? [audience laughing] woman: would you fix your tie, please? well, people wouldn't recognize me if my tie was fixed, but okay. [woman chuckles] just leave it this way. woman: and they-- all right. [♪] [rubenstein reading on-screen text]