captioning sponsored by newshour productionsc, >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight: >> well, it's obviously a tough time for him. he did a very good job when he was in the white house. >> woodruff: president trump defends one of his closest white house aides, who stands accused of domestic abuse. then, congress passes a deal to keep the government open, but concerns about the budget deficit remain. and, sports diplomacy. the politically-charged winter i olympipyeongchang, south korea, have begun. plus, arts and economics in appalachia. how a creative hub continues to promote development despite dwindling funding. >> we can tell you, day in and day out, howany young artists have been told, "if you really want to be an artist, you've got to leave." so, you know, on that i

feel like appalshop has proven that other things can happen here. >> woodruff: all that, including mark shields and david brooks, on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour h been provided by: ♪ ♪ moving our economy for 160 years.en bnsf, the ne that connects us.

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station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: wall street's worst week in two years is finally over. stocks endured another day of sharp swings, but rallied in the end. the dow jones industrial average gained 330 points to close at 24,190. athe nasdaq rose 97 point the s&p 500 was up 38.th ale indexes were down 5%, for the week, that the most since early 2016. the federal government opened for business today after a , dget deal ended a brief overnight shutdoe second in three weeks. it happened when repubcan senator rand paul stalled a vote on a $400 billion spending bill, to protest spending hi the senate and house finally approved the deal early this

morning, even as supporters an opponents argued over the effects. o this two-year budget agreement beginspair our military, and frees our armed services from the harmful spending caps and the devastating practice of funding our troops in stop-gap spending bills. >> this body is descending down a fiscally irresponsible path. a path to trillion-dollar deficits, a path to mortgaging the future, for my children and yours. >> woodruff: president trump signed the bill into law this morning, b he put the blame for ballooning deficits on the opposition.we in a, the president said, "this bill is a big victory for our mitary, but much waste in order to get democratic votes." will examine the deal's effects on the deficit, right after the newsesummary. the ent today praised former aide rob porter, whosi ed over domestic abuse allegations. his two ex-wives say he physically and verbally

assaulted them. today, at a meeting with campaign supporters, the president called it "very sad" and said he hopes porter has a "great career." >> well, we wish him wl. he worked very hard. i found out about it recently. and i was surprised by it. he says he's innocent, and i think you have to remember that. he said very strgly yesterday he is innocent, so you'll have to talk to him about that. but we absolutely wish him well. he did a great job while he was at the white house. >> woodruff: meanwhile, p white house staffers faced more questions about their handling of the porter case. the "washington post" and others reported that white house counsel donald mcgahn was told some of the accusations, in january ofast year. other reports say chief of staff john kelly learned last fall ns weree allegat delaying porter's security clearances. several news organizations this evening sakelly has told officials he's willing to resign

from his post. there is word that ttice department's number-three official, rachel brand, is resigning, afterine months on the job. it is widely reported that she ving for the private sector. brand is next in line behind deputy attorney general rod rosenstein. she would have ended up overseeing the special counsel's russia probe, if president trump should fire rosenstein. the winter olympics haveci ofly begun, with opening ceremonies in pyeongchang, south korea. pomp and pageantry wasn full display this evening, with more than 2,900 athletes from 92 countries taking part. hours earlier, the court of arbitrion for sport rejected a last-ditch appeal for 45 russian athletes to take part. they he been banned for doping. two people have been killed in a winter storm that moved across the american upper midwest today. total snowfall is expected to measure a foot in some areas by

tonight. treacherous conditions hit roads from minnesota to indiana overght. by this morning, seven inches of snow covered parts of chicago, closing schools and canceling a thousand flights. mayor rahm emanuel said the city is bracing for more. >> we have always done this as a city. i want us to continue today, tomorrow, sunday-- throughout-- responding, taking care of notf, only yoursut taking care of yourself and your family members, but checking on your neighbors. >> woodruff: the storm is expected to weaken as it movesr eastward oe weekend. back in this country, public defenders in new york are protesting against immigration ents arresting their clients at routine court appearances. doze of the attorneys protested outside a bronx cothouse yesterday. they were joined by civil rights and migration advocates.om and still to con the newshour: what the budget deal trnfund the govent means for the

mounting federal deficit. tense diplomacy against the backdrop of the olympic games in south korea. what's behind the worst flu season in nearly a decade. and, much mo. >> woodruff: now, back to the present's words of praise today for a top aide who resigned over accusations of domestic abuse. seven million women are raped or physically assaulted by a current or former intimate partner each year, according to the u.s. department of justice. with me now is beth meeks who is a directort the "national network to end domestic violence," a non-profit group that works with survivors and their advocates. beth meeks, thank you very money for being here we were just estening again to what t president said. among other things he's

complimented rob porter, said that he's done a fantastic job, that he wishes him well, and reminded everyone that rob porter says he's inocent. how are those words likely to be received dyou think? >> well, i think that it's very difficult to bring yourbelf to eve that someone that you like and respect is capable of very bad things. so that's not necessarion uncohat people defend abusers. it does have a chilling effect on victims. it's very difficult for a person to come forward and talk abo domestic abuse, and in this plee, you have women, mul women, who corroborate each other's stories, who have court orders and photographs and are hearing from very powerful people, that's not enough, that's still not enoh make your voice as valuable or more valuable than what he has to say. >> woodruff: what's coming through from what the president said is that there are two sideh tos story, two ex-wives and

there are also reports of a former girlfriend alleging that rob porter was abusive y and th have the president saying that he says he's innocent. there are often the two sides. is that right? so in the community which you work in, how do women, how do victims deal with that?>> ell, again, it can be very difficult, especlly if there aren't, you know, if there cearen't pieces of evid so it's very unusual to find a case where there are multiple victims who can share similarha stories whe photographic evidence, who have court order that takes it beyond he said/she said. there is some volume of information that's not typically available in a omestic violence case. >> woodruff: how often do women make up stories of being assaulted? >> the f.b.i. estimates that about 4% of all crime reports

are falsified, and that rate is no different in domestic violence cases than it is in any other type of crime.n soe vast majority of cases when women are telling us these things have happened to them, they're telling us tuth. >> woodruff: so as we were saying, you work with these women all the time. how do they... how do they go about being believed? you were sayg it isn't always the case you have the physical evidence, that somebody has take an photograph right after something happened. so how -- how hard is ik to mae the case? >> it's pretty difficult. manyrf the women aen't believed. we talk a lot about people encourage victims toome forward, but there's a lot of risk in doing that. the offender is further angered, you put yourself at more risk for physical violence. you put your chiatldreisk. so when a victim tells her story and someone says, there's not enough evidence to do anything l charge him, we and take him to court later. or maybe he's convicted and gets community service but not

substantial intervention, the risk that the woman took didn't pay off for the saty that she needed. >> woodruff: one of the other aspects of this story abut rob porter is that he was carrying on in a high-profile jo in the white house and had significant jobs in washington before this at the same time thislleged activity was happening at home. hw common is it for men or others who are guilty of this to carrying on that way with an intimate partner at the same time they seem normal at work? >> abosolutely,ally normal. it's more common than not. dest domestic violence off know that their behavior is not approved of in soty, by their spouse, by their employer, and so they're verd y invesin showing a different side of themselves, at work, with thieer s, with other people in their family. in fact, even when they're courting new wives and girlfriends, they're very careful to present a different

image because they know that some of the things in their history about how they treat women aren't welcome. >> woodruff: it's such an important perspective to have. nth meeks with theational network and domestic violence, thank you very much. >> woodruff: last night's brief governmenthutdown may not have had much of an impact, but the wide-ranging budget deal signed today by the president is expected to add aroundo $300 billione deficit over a decade. with the additionamoney for the military, for domestic programs and disaster , the congressional budget office forecasts next year's deficil - not the totional debt-- to climb to $1.2 trillion. this, of course, comes after the tax cuts signeinto law in december.

with me now, maya macguineas of the committee for a responsible federal budget. and jared bernstein, a former economic adviser to vi president biden. he's now at the center for budget and policy priorities. we welcome both of you back to rue news hour. so maya, people aring all over town today pulling their hair out, at least a lot of people are, saying this is a lot of money should they be concerned? >> oh, absolutely. this is ai fscal free-for-all, where what is happening no longer are there any constraints in the budget process where lawmakers are basically saying, we want this, we want this, we want, this and we'll trade it to you for whatever you want, as long as nobody pays for and we are doing bad fiscal policy, we are increasg our national debt that is already at near historical levels, and it's going be bd economic policy in the long run. i think it reflects a brokenca poliprocess, as well. so there's a lot that this reflects poorly on. >> woodruff: jared bernstein, you think deficits do matter,

but you alsbelieve there are some reasons for some of this spending in this bill. >> absolutely. i agree with a lot of what maya just said. but i want to make a distinction between the long run and the ort run. in the short term, there is a lot that's good in this bill by constituents that have been exchanged for a long time, expanding the children's health insurance program, community healther in, iner from, v.a. hospitals, college affordability. that's all in there. also, in the near term, i think some of this fiscal stimulus could help people who are still left behind in ts economy. it's very unusual to do this when the unemployment rate is already low, but there is a chance that it could go lower and help some folks.th now, ilong term, though, e-mail pretty much where maya is. there is a disjunction between what we collect and what we t will and eventually tha be problematic. >> woodruff: so some of this spending, there is a rationale behind this. there are people in need. i think some of the programs jared mentioned have a serious

constituency behind them. >> there's no judgment on whether these spending parts are good. in budgeng and governing, when something is worth doing, it's aso worth paying for. what's happene it started with these huge unpaid for tax cuts, we've thrown he fiscal constraints. the argument is we don't have the pay for anything. when it came to tax cuts, there hawas an argumentwasn't true, that the tax cuts would pay for themselves, and they won't.n this tim one even made the argument. it's just that paying for things is hard. ink there seems to be political agreement between both parties that nobody talks about budgetary trade-offs or how the pay for things anymore. and jared said this might be f go the economy, but it might be bad for the economy. there is some real rk in the short term this will not pay off well. i would argue it's certainly not going to and certainly in the long term it's goingo have negative effects. >> drew: jared, what about holding people accountable for heat they've said inast? we know not just republicans, but some fiscally conscious

rymocrats have been saying for years, this couhas got to slow down the spending? >> first of all, a lot of those supposedly fiscally responsible people s that, and thn they vote for policies that increase the deficit and the debt repeatedly. bob corker is the most recen example. so i think the political incentives are all wrong here. there's really no consequence to voting for increasing deficits and debt, and, in fact, it probably goes the other way. if people did vote more responsibly to raise the revenues they need to, raise ta because evntually that's what we'll have to do if we square these difference, they would probably be punished.ic one point, what maya is suggesting is that this extra spending is going to make thet economy overhis year. that's definitely a possibility, but if you look at the indicators of overheating, liket infln, they're very tame right now. and i suspect that this stimulus will be helpful if that regard? >> woodrf: what about tht, maya, and i want to ask you about those republicans who have been saying hor years theas to be a cutback, that the

spending increases can't continue. and again, this is on top of what $1.5 trillion almost in tax cuts that were enacted by the congress, that the esident signed just two months ago. >> absolutely. the loss of any real fiscal responsibility is very negative in a lot of ways. so we've added to the debt at the time when the det is the highest relative to the economy since it's been since we cam out of world war ii. we're about to have trillion dollar deficits. last time tht happened, we wre in a huge recession and it was understandable. thim is selsed and very damaging during a time when the economy is expanding and webe won's ready for the next downturn. and it's made a lot hypocrisies come to the surface. that means it's harder for when people are talking about things that are necessary. we do have to deal with mor revenue, and we do have a the deal with of coursing our entitlement program, but everybody has lost creablty to make that case, which means we'll continue to kick the can under. >> here's where i would come in e that.

>> rld that maya is describing is the world where we should be in where peoe much more fiscally responsible, both voters and the people they vote for, but that's not the real world. that's not the world we live in. so w can decide to wait until we arrive at that world and disinvest in children's healthcare and infrastructure and halping folks who stilve been left behind in this economy. that's an uncceptable trade-off to me. i think we have to walk and chew gum at the same time. ihink we have to make the investments that are so critical to this country, especially in an era of inequality, an at the same time, really work hard to put revenues back on the table. that's the key to solving this problem. >> anng controlhe spending side. i think the key is on both sides. i think lking and ewing gum at the same time doesn't mean .utting everything on the national credit ca we need a set of rules and constraints that both partiesly can actugree to. and we go back to what budgeting. is if something is worth doing, you have to figeure out how

pay for it, and there are trade-offs. republicans and democrats will continue to fightut the size of government, but if we just come up with a bipartisan agreement that we're not going to p for anything, that bodes very, very poorly for the long-term sustainable si in the economy. >> woodruff: in any event, yes not there yet. we are where we are.t we are not place where -- >> we're not in that world. >> woodruff: at the botto line. jared bernstein, maya macguineas, thank you both. appreciate it. >> thank you. >> woouff: the opening ceremony is over, and the pyeongchang winter games are about to begin in earnest.oh but asyang reports, among the most closely watched early olympic events is global diplomacy. >> yang: fireworks opened the olymc games in pyeongchang, but a diplomatic spectacle a competed forention: a historic handshake, between south korean president moon

jae-in and north korea's nominal head of state,im yong nam, at welcoming reception. the greeting served tohe underscore apparent divisions between washington and seoul. vice president pence made a brief appearance, too, alongside moon and japane prime minister shinzo abe, but he avoided the north korean delegation, and left early. the "wall street journal's" andrew jeong is covering the games. >> the conservative mere are interpreting this as a snubt r outlets are being careful because it still isn't really clear what messa the vice president is trying to put out there. >> yang: during the opening ceremony, mr. pence sat just feet away from kim yo-jong, the powerful sister of north korean leader kim jong-un. pence again kept his distance, but south korea's moon greeted her, as the two countries' athletes marched side by side

under a single flag, and a north korekey player was among the olympic torch bearers. it was a strikinafshow of unity r a year of rising tensions over pyongyang's missile and nuclear programs. the olympics are often an escape from world affairs. lis year, the geopolitica subtext is hard to avoid. south korean president moon sees the games as a chance to thaw relations with the north. >> ( translated ): i would to make efforts by using this opportunity as much as i can, to bring north korea back to the dialogue table for the north's i always emphasize that the most important thing in this process is the airtight cooperationre between south and the united states. >> yang: mr. pence has emphasized the trump administration's harder line, warning against what he calls the north's "charm offensive." he used his own symbolism today, meeting with defectorsrom theh north, along wed warmbier, whose son, otto, died last year after imprisonment in north korea. the vice president reinforced

the u.s. view of norea, in an interview with nbc's lester holt. >> we're going to make itcl crystar that our military, the japanese self-defense forces, our allies here in south korea, all of our allies across the region, are fully prepared to defend our nations and to take what action is necessary to defend our homeland. >> yang: andrew jeong of the "wall street journal" says japan is also taking a tougher stahee thanouth koreans are. m >> presiden is saying, yeah, it's kind of the time for s lks, because otherwise denuclearizationt going to happen. but japan is saying more pressure. that is more aligned with what the trump administration is thinking. >> yang: the split will be in evidence again tomorrow when president moon hosts the north korean delegatio for lunch, d mr. pence will be in seoul, preparing to return to washington. we now get two views on thisc olymplomacy. anthony ruggiero worked in the

state department and ty departments, where his focus was fighting the financing of terrorism and weapons of mass destruction. and frank jannuzi is also a state department veteran, who was part on the u.s. delegation for talks with north korea during the clinton admistration. gentlemen, welcome tboth. thanks for being here. mr. jannuzi, let me start with you. did vice president pce miss an opportunity by not engaging with the north korean, even just >> he did.es? his behavior was boorish and politically bone deaf. if president moon can sha hands, surely the vice president can do the simple courtes of not essentially showing up to the party and then sulking. >> yang: mr. ruggiero, brish and tone deaf in. >> i'm not sure i would go that far. i think we have to keep the focus here on rnorth ea and its nuclear weapons and missile program. they have no interest in tal tkg

united states, so whether the vice president really shakes his hand is really immaterial. the issue here is that north korea is the one that really wants to take over or hijack these games to legitime its regime. >> but i think it's precisely because we want to keep theor focus on korea, its human rights record, its poor record in response to u.nns. sanct for their missile and nuclear program, that the vice president made such a grievous stake. he's made himself the story. he's made himself and his treatment of our south korean ally the story. the south koreans he these olympics. they're holding these olympics with an aspiration of peace and really beginning a process of reconciliation and dialogue wito the north, an the united states to in any way obstruct that effort i think is readolly g a disservice to our alliance. yang: mr. ruggiero, you say the north koreans are trying to hijack these olympics.h should south koreans have

said when kim jong-un said he was going to send his sisr, thanks but no thanks? >> definitely. she's a sanctioned person.in she'lved in north korea's propaganda to its own citizens. i mean, she is complicit in this regime's horrible human rights record. and frankly, the north koreans should n be participating in the olympics. during apartheid, south africa was not ited to the olympics. north korea should not be given the same courtesy, but it should be subjected to a ban, as well. it's not clear to me why we would want to invite a country like this to the olympics. >> i strongly sagree. again, anthony, sanctions are a means to an end. they're not an end i on andf themselves. the only reason we have sanctions on north korea, it's p not just tnish them, it's to change their behavior. y when you have an opportunity to engage, whu have an opportunity to use the leverage created by sanctions to psibly explore openings to address the hard security issues and the north-south issues, we should seize it. >> i agree we should change mieir behavior, but let's not forget they did litary

parade only two days ago. that hasn't changed their behavior. even though they're not doing nuclear missile test, their programs continue even as we speak today. they have not changed thir behavior at all. things like prohibiting south africa from the olympics are what eventually got the change in behavior we were looking for. >> i think what got south africa to the table wereevere economic sanctions, and i certainly support those efforts to impose tough economic sanctions on north korea, but a migctary parade in pyeng is not a threat to -- in pyongyang is not a threat to us. >> yang: mr. pence also tok fred warmbier to a meeting with north korean defectors. do you think that was too aggressive? >> at amnesty international i let efforts in washington to shine a spotlight on north korea's horrendous human rights effort. i celebrate president trump's

effort to put the human rights issue on the table, but there is a time and place for everythingf e're going to nurse grievances at the o rather than try to seize this opportunity to create a mood for reconciliation, i think that's a mistake. the timing of it is wrong. the ntiment is i thnk very well intentioned, and laudable. >> yan mr. ruggiero, bad timing? >> no, absolutely not. we should be focused on northri korea's humahts record and bringing fred war is the right approach by the administration. we need to continue to shine the spotlit. it's disappointing that south korea's own president, who is ar former humghts lawyer, is not as focused on this as president trump is. i think it's admirable that vicd president pencid that. >> yang: mr. ruggiero, you say you feel the north koreans are ying to drive a wedge between south korea and the united states. how real do you think that wedge is and what are the consequences? >> well, the conversation we're hasng here. this what kim john -- kim

jong-un wants. they want a wedge between the united states and south korea. the other thing they want is to sabotage the sanctions program. it's finally showing some success. i think kim jong-un has felt that pressure. and he knows that if he is talking to south korea, thait will be harder for the united states to go to countries and ask them to dohings above the letter of the law, which is really what we need on the sanctions parameter, what we've seen so far. >> i agree, anthony, but t sanctions are beginning to show some trarks and that's prey cisy should be pursuing the opportunity that may exist to pivot from the sanions, explore what's possible, see if the north koreans ha changed their attitude. if not, that's fine, keep the pressure on. >> yang: frank jannuzi, anthony ruggiero, thanks so much for joining us >> thank you. >> thank you. >> woodruff: flu season is not

easing its grip on much of the united states, and the outbreak is reaching levels not seen in nearly a decade.iz hospitions for it are higher than normal, and the centers for disease control and prevention reportetoday that roughly one in 13 visits to the doctor last wk were for flu-like symptoms. it has also claimed the lives of at least ten more children this week, putting that number at 63 for the season. tens of thousands of deaths are often associated with the flu annually. dr. anne schuchat is the acting director of the c.d.c., and she joins me now dr. schuchat, welcome back to the idogram. so howpread is the flu right now in this country? >> this is a very difficult flu season. this p t week we gotre bad news. the doctor have its for flu are as high this week as we've seen dung the peak of the 2009 pandemic. we're not having a pandemic right now, but we have a very, very difficult flu season.

>> woodruff: why is so bad this year? >> well, there are a coureple ons that we know of, and there are probably some more reasons that we need to learn about. one thing is it's an h3n2 fluenza season. that's the strain that's dominating. there are a couple other strains circulating.h3 seasons tend to be more severe. the other thing is that the influenzvaccine doesn't work as well against h3n2 strains some that's probably a seond factor. and the third factor is that tha ine is probably working even less well than usual against the h3n2. we had an early start to the season, and it's continuing full force right now. >> woodruff: are the particular parts of our population that are more vulnerable than others? >> anyone can get the flu, and it can be serious, but the people who have a harder timee with flu ahe very ole, the very young, pregnant women, and people with heart disease, lung disease, and other medical

conditions that can make it harder for them to takon a lung infection. we recommend that tho groups in particular, if they present with flu symptomming they can benefit from viral medicines that may convert a relively mild -- that may prevent a milder illness from becoming a hospitalization or worse. >> woodruff: is there enough, dr. scchat, is there enough vaccine available this year to revente the flu or at least prevent it from being mre severe? is there enough of the drug pmiflu, which i know is prescribed for maople? >> more than 152 million doses of influenza vaccine have been distributed. the coverage is overall about haat we saw last year in terms of how many peoplve gotten vaccinated by this time in the year. it's not too late to be vaccinated f't those who hav already gotten vaccinated. ahere are maybe some benefit to still getting thecine. we're seeing requests for tamiflu or the other anti-viral

against influenza than we've seen in past ye. a lot of demand for that because of the intense season. it may be hard to find locally, so we expect that people need to call around to the pharmacies, but the past couple weeks we've been working closely with the urers, the pharmacy chains, the insurers, the distributors to smooth out thatk supply to, care of those spot shortages. we do think that promptwi treatmen anti-viral medicines can be very important in people who present wi severe symptoms or people who .re at risk for complicatio >> woodruff: so i have to ask you, what is your advice for people who have not had the flu and for people wh have it? >> well, if you are feeng well, keep washing your hands, cover your cough o sneeze, and if you do get sick, please stay home from work orschool so that you don't spread the fl au. whatild illness for you could be something severe for

one of your coworkers or your classmates. if you have the flu and you are pregnant or elderly or havt e he lung disease, we hope that you're seeking medical car becaompt treatment with anti-virals can be lifesaving. >> woodruff: dr. anne schuchat, acting director of the c.d.c., we thank you. >> thank you, judy. >>ewoodruff: now, we begin a series, taking us to all corners of the country, to see artists at work. we start with a look at a group that has been serving rural communities in eastern kentucky for nearly half a century. originally dubbed the "appalachian film workshop," nojust "appalshop," the group has dedicated itself to spotlighting the rich cultural a history alachia. now, it's giving residents-- many who have long looked to leave the area-- new reasons to stay. jeffrey brown brings us the

first of an ocsional series, "american creators." >> brown: a thld winter day in e tiny coal town of hemphill, in letcher county, kentucky, hard hit by the closing of nearby mines. but on this friday, residents have gathered in the basement of a shuttered school turnedit commcenter, for free food, music, and a celebration, of aer tiny but empg catering business run by gwen johnson, whose mining family has lived here for generations. >> i was raised in a coal mine family, where the pride was in the job, but you didn't really own what you made. but with hemphill catering company, we own what we make. the community will. >> brown: the business was made ssible through the support of appalshop, based in nearby whitesburg, an arts and culture

institution that, from its very beginnings, has made economic development part of its mission. >> we have with, "this is the way your life is, these are the options, this is what you're going to do ifyo stay here." >> brown: ada smith is a prograa directappalshop, and grew up in whitesburg. can tell you, day in and day out, how many young artists have been told, "if you really o be an artist, you've g to leave." i mean, you name it-- if you want to be an engineer, you have to leave. so, you know, on that level, i feel like appalshop has proven that other things can happen here. >> brown: appalshop dates back almost 50 years, created with the help of federal funds during the so-called "war on poverty" of the 1960s. it was a time when appalachiaru was th into the national spotlight. >> beside these roads, the shacks of tar paper and pine which are the homes of a million permanently poor. >> brown: appalshop had two big

goals: to foster new skilland jobs, and to give local people a way to tell their own stories. ♪ ♪ >> brown: rb e. smith, ada's father, was a foundi member of appalshop. his father, grandfather and brothers all worked in the coal mines. >> he began here in 1952about when i was born, and he worked here until '73. >> brown: but coal jobs were going away, along with local residents. >> i graduated from whitesburgl high sch 1970. there were 170 of us graduated. by the end of the summer, less than 50 of us were here, with n ho ever returning.s generati people, thousands and millions of people, leaved mining areas, e people who remain miss them. miss them bad. brown: trained at appal and armed with cameras, smith

and others took on a new kind of work. >> it was a y to be a part of the solution, and to kind of understand the place that we were a part of. >> brown: they produced scores of films, documenting in frank r detail tion they called home. >> one of the ways i like to say it is, we make films about the things we like here, and we make films about the things that are challenging. >> the same system that brought prosperi to some impoverished hers. some filmmakers wanted to show that contrast to help bringch about sociange. others mine the images the way the companys have mined the coal. >> and then, we want to make films that hold out people like ralph stanley, people who have drawn from the wealth of the culture of the region and made a living from it.

>> brown: and appalshop expanded well beyond filmmaking. its "roadside theater," captured in this 1991 newshour report, continues to present plays about life in the region its radio station, wmmt, offers wa range of music and newh the help of some 50 volunteer d.j.'s. local musicians offer after- school lessons for kids learning to plabluegrass. downstairs, appalshop's film vaults hold virtually every minute of film and video from the last 50 years, and now houses historic photography collections. h e filmmaking continues w new generation. 24-year-old oakley fugate grew up in a nearby town with a population of just 20. without appalshop, he says, his options were limited. >> when it comes to artistic

dreams and stuff like mine, they're just kind of like, "no, you need to do something serious," like, they don't, they don't even consider the ypossibility of you actua doing it. >> brown: but after a traing program, he's produced several documentaries, including a recent film spotlighting a transgender student in whitesburg. >> i'm not scared to the trans anymore. i'm in the scared or ashamed of it. >> brown: most important, says ada smith, there's a renewedow focus onrt and culture can stimulate a local economy. >> if people want to come downtown for things, ithere's music, if there's events, if there's things to do, all of a sudden, there's more businesses. if people have an opportunity to try some different t- say, "wa, i can open a record store, i could start a tattoo parlor, i can open a bar." your minjust opens up from an initial nugget of trying something diffent.

>> brown: appalshop relies on federal funds, including the n.e.a., along wi private philanthropy, which only go so far. >> i just really believe that there's been a long history ofl only seeing rummunities and economies as places to take from, and not places to inve in. >> brown: and appalshop says otherwise. >> yeah. we feelike there's a lot of wealth and talent and ideas that need to be given a chance. >> brown: like those of gwen johnson at the community center in hemphill. her work is now part of an expanded support network appalshop has helped build with more than a dozen businesses and organizations in the area. her site faced closure whenoa funds from ctaxes dried up, but with encouragement and support from appalshop, including $5,000 in seed money, johnson was able to start a catering company to help pay the bills. >>hey're friends who kind stepped up to the plate and began to think outside the box,

and sometimes they think bigger than some of us have ever been allowed to think. >> brown: she now employs local residents, including recovering addicts from the letcher county ourt. >> and our applications, when they see our background, goes right to t bottom. and gwen overlooks that and gives us a chance to prove ourselves. and, i really appreciate the opportunity. >> brown: and now, with another $15,000 from appalshop, johnson plans to build a brick oven and open a bakery to serve healthier breads to the community. she's calling it "black sheep bakery." for the pbs newshour, i'm jeffrey brown in letcher county, kentucky.

>> woodruff: and to the analysis of shields and brooks. that's syndicated columnist mark shields, and "new york times" .olumnist david brooks. gentlemen, welco so i'm sorry, mark to, go from that great music in appalachia to talking about the budget. but that was the big thing thatd pan the wee hours of this morning. the president signed it today. both parties somehow came together. what does it say about their priorities? >> well, first of all, judy, step back and edmund burke, who was a friend of mine, he said all government is compromise and barter, and this was. this was a compromise and. bart each side got some things they wanted and other things they didn't. so that is sort -- it evokes echoes of an earlier era in this

at the same time --. >> woodruff: you mean because they agreed? >> because they agrtheed. parties were split. it was not unanimous on one sie or anything of the sort. but that said, i think it'tos fr ay that the deficit itself is now dead as an issue. all of us havne goe to republican conventions where it was solemnly sworn that there would be a constitutional amendmento balance the budget. oat's over. maya macguineas wa the show earlier today. she has been very ieconious, very effective, but there is no move now. the debt is out of control. 6e went from were rowing $43 billion more this year than we did last year, and that's even before this latest agreement. so republicans -- bill clinton

did balance the budget. nothg since has been remotely approaching that. >> woodruff: so david, red ink as far as the eye can see forever and ever? >> sreenivasan:>> it was a comps the kind ofmpromise we always see. ever since our segment started, maybe as burke and payne in the 18th century, they have be able to compromise when it comes to expanding the deficit. that's been consisttrue over the past many years. if every side gets to spend onn what they t to spend, that's the way they can compromise. they've never been able to compromise when both partys have to take some pain. that's the kind of compromise they can't do. what strikes me as stressf out this is everyone is a hypocrite on the deficit. they're all for cutting re ink when they're in the minority and they're all against it when they're int he majority. ere is a shift in tone in the republican party that seems interesting to me. it used to be a party that talked the language of economics first.na itive language was economics, an economic language, so the budget did matter, and

the budget really mattered and tax cuts mattered. now economics is a secondary language for te republican party. immigration is the first language. it's an identity party right now, not an economiparty. they're willing to compromise on a lot of spending if they can win on immigration. >> woodruff: because immigration wasn't part of this deal, markhas how the republicans were able to sign on. >> it wasn't, it was not a part. >> woodruff: that's what i said. >> no, no, and i think it's fair to say, judy, if the senate were rminant, i think there's at least 60 votes in the senate and maybe even a solid veto-proof majority for immigration reform that provides relief for the young people who are brought here as children and who have been contributing members of our society ever since. but it's the republican house and it's in particular the

anti-immigration caucus that paralyzes ul ryan. but i do want to point out one thing on the deficit itself. we went through two world wars, the civil war, the louisiana purchase, and thereat depression and ran up a total endebtness of $1 trillion. and the democrats were accused of being the tax-and-spend party. then we got the tax cuts and spend. the debt quadrupled, quadrupledn under reagan bush, and that really set the pattern.bu it was successful politically. bill clinton for all his failings and all his foibles in eight years went from the biggest deficits in our country to the biggest surpluses. now we've had 17 years of war financed by three tax cts. i mean, i think that is reflective of what david wasin taabout. >> woodruff: so is one party or another more responsible for this, david, or isl there bame to go around? >> i do think there is blame to go around. deficits come down when we have

divided government. when one party has control, deficits go up because they can spend on their priorities. the democrats like spending. the reblicans love tax cuts. i'm in the a beaver in third party, but if there is athird party movement. , i suspect debt will be it. remember how powerful that was for ross per? ficits aren't going away as a reality, and as interest rates go up, the burden of paying just down the debt begins to swallow more and more of the budget. it cuts out defense spending. it cuts out domestic discretionary sp you're a government that just pays bankers. and that could be a giganticy issue, especia interest rates rise. >> i would point out to thse who think about deficits at all, erestorrowing on the int rate and the payment and the debt to bond hold verse aan er from people of ordinary income to the wealthiest americans. it's an absolute anti-decency

transfer of wealth to people who have to y their taxes in order to pay off bondholders. >> woodruff: now let's talk about the debt r our entire conversation. it's in the deficit. bui do want to bring up, david, the saga that unfolded ih the house this week, a very high-ranking person and the staff secretary, rob porter. he was accused by two of his ex-wives, both exwives of physically and verbal and emotional abuse. he stayed at the white house over a year without a permanen security clearance. the president today is still defending him, saying he did a great job, we wish him well, he says he's innocent. what do we make of this? >> i think what most people do, they s the evidence, which is metty strong against him, and they have aoral abhorns, and they react to an instinctive

abhorrents. this is man who punched his wife in the face. normally you just recoil, and yet with kelly or trump, you don't see recoil. wh just see there's an honorable man. an it reeks of is sort of an archaic 1940s idea that we're the world of men, and whatever you do at the world of home outside the workplace, that's not our business. that was i think an ethos tha existed decades ago, but it shouldn't exist now, and i don't think it exists in most workplaces now. if you behave morally or abhorrently in your private fe, it should reflect poorly on you in your professional life. and trump and kelly don'teem to have felt that just as an .instinctual moral disgu >> woodruff: what is it saying, mark, about the values at the white house, thejudgment of the white house? i mean, how are we to look at

this white house after? >> well, every white house and every presidency is eventually and inevitably a mirroron reflecf the president. i don't care who it is. that's how it's always been. and it is now. and this is a man donald trump who defended roger ailes, the late president of fox news, who was accused, believably, of having sexually harassed 24di erent women, of being a very good person. he defended bill o'reilly of fo news of the same charges, i mean, more serious charges ofbe g a very decent man. and not having any need to apogize. and mot recently, judge roy ublicann alabama, a rep candidate for the senate, who was accused and it was alleged at he as a grown man attorney had actually sexually -- was involved and not abused but certainly taken advantege of age girls.

so i think there's pattern her of defense, of rationalization or whatever. and it is absolutely unacceptable, judy. it tdrly is. >> wf: and there's a lot of discussion right now, david, abut the role of the chief of staff, and even the white house attorney, the white house counsel, don mcgahn, there was one reort that john kelly told the president he's willing to resign. should heads roll over something like this? do we just figure this is another week at the white house hr what? >> well, ink when we learned -- we've learned a couple things about kelly. h the earlier comment that some of the daca people were lazy. but the guy who allegedly beats his wife is honorable. that's a contrast. we've learned that a guy that signs up to work with donald trump that closely shares a lot of the vie of donald trump. i guess it shouldn't surprise us, but he also hasad a bit of a stabilizing influce.

so i think --. >> woodruff: kelly? >> kelly has. both those facts are true about kelly. whether he should go or not, i would like to see him issue a statementhat he's morally disgusted by this behavior. there is a continual drama, aco inual chaos, the chief of staff threatening to resign, rachel brand today, the number-three official in the justice department, all my republican friends went wide when she got up, because she was the lone voice of credibility around. there but there's just always a thing of perpetual unraveling and the cycling through of staff at this white house. >> woodruff: we have to hold mark,resident accountable but would it make a difference, let me ask it this way, if the president were to put different people in some of these positions? >> judy, increasingly fromy reporting and everything i learned, this white huse is resembling east berlin in that

there are more people trying to get out than get in. they have not en able to thther based on their false sense of loyaltt one had to be a total trump eat from the begin, whatever. they have not been able to attract and hold a talented administrative staff. the one saving argument for john kelly is thatob porter was the exception. he was the de facto deputy chief of staff that kelly does not have. i think it's fair to say thatem kelly's jerusas been -- kelly's judgmenslhas been sericalled into question. >> it's about being a gentleman. the me too movement. , it's or men, do they know what it's like to behave decent like a gentleman? look at teddy rooseveltambarack mitt romney, they were gentlemen, it's not hard, and yet those -- on you lose e

social standards of how man is supposed to behave, you have a lot bad stuff. >> woodruff: we have to leave on that. >> i was going to speak out against gentlemen. i'm tired of them. >> woodruff: can't imagine.hi horkd, david brooks. and that is the ne for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. have a great weekend. thank you, and good night. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> babbel. a language app that teaches realewife conversations in a n language. >> bnsf railway. >> consumer cellular. >> supporting socialne entrepres and their solutions to the world's most presng problems-- skollfoundation.org. >> the william and flora hewlett foundation. anr more than 50 years, advancing ideas d supporting institutions to promote a better

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eduardo: tonight on history detectives: these guns mean lot to me. who is john p. thompson? tukufu: were these people members of the kla i hope that's not what i'm getting ready to run into. i have an amplifier that i believe belonged to the great james jamerson. that motown guy. who is that guy? elvis costello: d ♪ watchin' tetectives ♪ i get so angry when the eardrops start ♪ ♪ but he can't be wounded d 'cause he's got no heart ♪ ♪ watchin' the detectives ♪ it's just like watchin' the detectives ♪ funding for tonight's presentation of history detectives was provided by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station