captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight: >> well, it's obviously a tough time for him. he did a very good job when he was in the white house. woodruff: president trump defends one of his closest white house aides, who stands accused of domestic abuse. then, congress passes a deal to keep the government open, but concerns about the budget deficit remain and, sports diplomacy. the politically-chargewinter olympics in pyeongchang, south korea, have begun. plus, arts and economics in appalachia. how a creative hub continues to promote development de dwindling funding. >> we can tell you, day in and day out, how many young artist, have been tof you really want to be an artist, you've got to leave." so, you know, that level, i

feel like appalshop has proven that other things can happen here. >> wngdruff: all that, includi mark shields and david brooks, on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: ♪ ♪ moving our economy for 160 years. bnsfthe engine that connects us.

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station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: wall street's worst week in two years is finally over. stocks endured another day of sharp swings, but ralld in the end. the dow jones industrial average gained 330oints to close at 24,190. the nasdaq rose e points, and p 500 was up 38. all three indexes wen 5%, for the week, that's the most since early 2016. the federal government opened for businessoday after a budget deal ended a brief overnight shutdown, the second in three weeks. it happened when republican senator rand paul stalled a vote on a $400 billion spending bill, to protest speing hikes. the senate and house finally approved the deal early this

morning, even as supporters and opponents argued over the effects. >> this two-year budget agreement begins to repair our military, and frees our armed services from the harmful c spendis and the devastating practice of funding our troops in stop-gap spending bills. >> this body is descending down a fiscally irresponsible path.a th to trillion-dollar deficits, a path to mortgaging the future, for my children and yours. to woodruff: president trump signed the bill aw this morning, but he put the blame for ballooning deficits on the opposition. in a tweet, the president said, "this bill is a big victory for our military, but much wdete in to get democratic votes." we will examine thondeal's effecthe deficit, right after the news summary. the president today pr icrmer aide rob porter, who resigned over domebuse allegations. his two ex-wives say he ysically and verbally

assaulted them. today, at a meeting with campaign sporters, the president called it "very sad" and said he hopes porter has a "great career." >> well, we wish him well. he worked very hard. i found out about it recently.wa and surprised by it. he says he's innocent, and i think you have to remember that. he said very strongly yesterday he is innocent, so you'll have a to talk to hut that. but we absolutely wish him well. he did a great job while he was at the white house. >> woodruff: meanwhile, top white house staffers faced more questions about their handling of the porter case. the "washington post" and others reported that white house counsel donald mcgahn was told some of the accusations, in january of last year. other reports say chief of staff john kelly learned last fall that the allegations were delaying porter's security clearances. several news organizations this evening say kelly has told officials he's willing to resign from his post.

there is worthat the justice partment's number-three official, rachel brand, is resigning, after nine months on b. it is widely reported that she is leaving for the prite sector brand is next in line behind deputy attornesegeneral rod tein. she would have ended up overseeing the special counsel's russia probe, if president trump should fire rosenstein. the winter olympics have officially begun, wi opening ceremonies in pyeongchang, south korea. pomp and pageantry was on full display this evening, with more than 2,900 athletes from 92 countries taking part. hours earlier, the court of arbitration for sport rejected a last-ditch appeal for 45 russian athletes to take part. they have been banned fo doping. two people have been killed in a winter storm that moved across the american upper midwest today. total snowfall is expected to measure a foot in some areas by

tonight. treacherous conditions hit roadr minnesota to indiana overnight. by this morning, seven inches of snow covered parts of chicago, closing schools and canceling a thousand flights. mayor rahm emanuel said the city is bracing for more. >> we have always done this as a city. i want us to continue today, tomorrow, sunday-- throughout-- responding, taking care of not only yourself, but taking care of yourself and your family members, but checking on your neighbors. >> woodruff: the storm is expected to weaken as it moves eastrd over the weekend. back in this country, public defenders in new york are irotesting against immigration ppents arresting clients at routine court arances. dozens of the attorneys protested outside a bron courthouse yesterday. they were joined by civil rights and immigration advotes. and still to come on the newshour: what the budget deal to fund the government means for the d

mounting federicit. tense diplomacy against the backdrop of the olympic games in south korea. what's behind the worst fl season in nearly a decade. and, much more. >> woodruff: now, back to the president's words of pise today for a top aide who resigned over accusations ofme ic abuse. seven million women are raped or physically assaulted by a current or former intimate partner each year, according to the u.s. department of justice. with me now is beth meeks who is a director at the "national network to end domestic violence," a non-profit group that works with survivors and their advocates., beth meeank you very money for being here we were just listening again to what the president said. among other things he's

complimented rob porter, said that he's done a fantastic job, that he wishes him well, and reminded everyone that rob porter says he's innocen how are those words likely to be received do youh tink? >> well, i think that it's very difficult to bring yourself to believe that someone that you like and respect is capable of very bad things. so that's not necessarily uncommon that people end abusers. it does have a chilling effect on victims. it's very difficult for a person to come forward and talk abo domestic abuse, and in this case, you have women, multipleho women,orroborate each other's stories, who have court orders and photographs and are hearing from very powerful ople, that's not enh, that's still not enough to make your voice as valuable or more valuable than what he has say. >> woodruff: what's coming through from what the president said is that there are two sides to this stoo ex-wives and

there are also reports of a rmer girlfriend alleging that rob porter was abusive. reand then you have the psident saying that he says he's innocent. there are often t two sides. is that right? so in the community which you work in, how do women, how do victims deal with that? >> well, again, it can be very difficult, especially if there aren't, you know, if there aren't pieces o evidence. so it's very unusual to find a case where there are multipl victims who can share similar stories who have photographic evidence, who have court orders. that takes it beyond he said/she said. there i some volume of information that's not typically available in a domestic vionce case. >> woodruff: how often do women make up stories of bei assaulted? >> the f.b.i. estimat that about 4% of all crime reports

are falsified, andrate is no different in domestic violence cases than it is in any other type of crime. so in the vast majority of cases when women are telling us these things have happened to them, they're tellg us the truth >> woodruff: so as we were saying, you work with these women all the time. how do they... how do they go about being believed? you were saysning it i't always the case you have the physical evidence, that somebody has take an photograph right after something happened. so how -- how hard is it to make the case? >> it's prtty difficult. many of the women aren't believed. we talk a lot about people encourage victims to come forward, but there's a lot of risk in doing that. the offender is further angeredu yoyourself at more risk for physical violence. you put your children at risk. when a victim tells her story and someone says, there's not enoughvidence to do anythin or, you know, we'll charge him and take him to court later. or maybe he's convicted and gets community service but notta

suial intervention, the risk that the woman took didn't pay off for te safety that se needed. >> woodruff: one of the other aspects of this story about rob porter is that he was carrying on in a high-prof ie jobthe white house and had significant jobs in washington before this at the same time this alleged activity was happening at home. hw common is it for men or y hers who are gui this to be carrying on that way with an intimate partner at the same time they seem normal at work? >> absolely, totally nomal. it's more common than not. most domestic violen t offenders knat their behavior is not approved of in society, by th spouse, by their employer, and so they're very invested in showing a different side of themselves, at work, with their friends, with other people in their family. in face even whthey're courting new wives and girlfriends, they're very careful to present a different

image because they know thatf some o the things in their history about how they treat women aren't welcome. >> woodruff: it's such an important perspective to have. beth meeks with the nationalk netwd domestic violence, thank you very much. >> woodruff: last night's brief government shutdown may not have had much of an impact, but the wide-ranging budget deal signed today by the president is expected to add around $300 billion to the deficit over a decade. with the additional money for the military, for domestic programs and daster relief, the congressional budget office forecasts next year's deficit-- notothe total national debt- climb to $1.2 trillion. this, of course, comes after the tax cuts signed into law in december.

with me now, maya macguineas of the committee for a responsible federal budget. and jared bernstein, a former to vice advis president biden. he's now at the center for budget and policy priorities. we welcome both of you back to the news hour. so maya, people are running all over town today pulling their hair out, at least a lot of peopleisre, saying thi a lot of money. should they be concerned? >> oh, absolutely. this is a fiscal free-for-all, where what is happening no longer are there any const in the budget process where lawmakers are basically saying,e we want thiswant this, we want, this and we'll trade it to you for whatever you want, as long as nobody pays r anything. and we are doing bad fiscal policy, we are increasing our national debt that is already at near historical levels, and it's going to be bad economic policy in the long run. i think it reflects a broken political processell. so there's a lot that this reflects poorly on. >> woodruff: jared bernstein, you think deficits do matter,

but you also believe there e some reasons for some of this spending in this bill. t> absolutely. i agree with a f what maya just said. but i want to make a distinction between the long run and the short run. in the short term, there is a lot that's good in this bill by constituents that have been exchanged for a long time, expanding the children's health insurance program, community healther in, iner from, v.a. hospitals, college affordability.ll that'sn there. also, in the near term, i think some of this fiscal stimulus cod help people who are sl left behind in this economy. it's very unusual to do this when the unemployment rate is already low, but there is a chance that it could go lower and help some folks. now, in the long term, though, e-mail pretty much where maya is. there is a disjunction between what we collect and what we spend, and eventually that willl be patic. >> woodruff: so some of this spending, there is a rationale behindpehis. there arle in need. i think some of the proregrams mentioned have a serious

constituency behind them. >> there's no judgment on whether these spending parts are good. in budgeting ando gverning, when something is worth doing, it's also worth paying for. what's hppened, and itstarted with these huge unpaid for tax cuts, we've hrown off the fiscal constraints. the argument is we don't have the pay for anything. when icame to tax cuts, there was an argument that wasn't true, that the tax cuts would pay for themselves, and they won't. this time no one even made the argument. it's just that paying for things th hard. i think e seems to be political agreement between both parties that nobody talks about budgetary trade-offs or how the y for things anymore. and jared said this might be good for the economy, but it might be bad for the economy. there is some real risk in the short term this will not pay off well. erwould argue it's certainly not going to andtainly in the long term it's going to have negative effects. >> drew: jared, what about holding people accountable for what they've said in the past? we know not just republicans, but some fiscally conscious

democrats have been saying for years, th country has gt to slow down the spending? >> first of all, a lot of those supposedly fiscally responsible people say that, andhen they vote for policies that increase the deficit and the debatt rely. bob corker is the most recent example. so i think the political incentives are all wrong here. there's really no consequence to voting for increasing deficits andebt, and, in fact, it probably goes the other way. if people did vote mor responsibly to raise the revenues they need to, raise tax, because eentually that's what we'll have to do if we square theseifference, they would probably be punished. one quick point, what maya is suggesting is that this extra spending is going to make the economoverheat this year. that's definitely a possibility, but if you look at the indicators of overheating, like inflation, they're very tame right now. and i suspect that this stimulus will be helpful if that regard? >> woodruff: what about that, maya, and i want to ask youth aboue republicans who have been saying for years there has to be a cutback, that the

spending increases can't continue.ag anin, this is on top of what $1.5 trillion almost in tax cuts that were enacted by the esidents, that the pr signed just two months ago. >> absolutely. the loss of any real fical responsibility is very negative in a lot of ways. so we've ddded to thet at the time when the debt is the highest relative to tno eco since it's been since we came out of world war ii. we're about to have trillion dollar deficits. last time that happen, we were in a huge recession and it was understandable. this is self-imposed and very damaging during a time when the economy is expanding and we won't be as ready for the next downturn. and it's made a lot ofc hypocrisiee to the surface. that means it's harder for when people are talking about thingss that are nry. we do have to deal with more revenue, and we do have a the al with of coursing ou entitlement program, but everybody has lost the creablty to make that case, which means we'll continue to kick the can >> here's where i would come in on that.

>> the world that maa is describing is the world where we should be in wmure people are more fiscally responsible, both voters and the people they vote for, but that's not theld real w that's not the world we live in. so we can decide to wait until we arrive at that world and disinvest in children's healthcare and infrastructure and helping folks w still have been left behind in this economy. that's an unacceptable trade-off to me. i think we have to walk and chew gum at the same time. i think we have toake the investments that are so critical to this country, especially in an era of inequality, and at the same time, really work hard to put revenues back on the table. that's the key to solving this problem. >> and controlling the spendin side. i think the key is on both side i think walking and chewing gum at the same time doesn't mean putting everything on the national credit card. we need a set of rules and constraints that both parties and we go back to what budgeting. is if something is worth doing, you have to figure out how the

pay for it, and there are trade-offs. republicans and democrats will continue toight about the size of government, but if we just artisan with a bip agreement that we're not going to pay for anything, that bodes hvery, very poorly fore long-term sustainable situation in the economy. >> woodruff: in any event, yes not there yet. we are where we are. welare not atce where -- >> we're not in that world. >> woodruff: at the bottom line. jared bernstein, maya macguineas, thank you both. appreciate it. >> thank u. >> thank yu. >> woodruff: the opening ceremony is over, and the pyeongchang winter games are about to begin in earnest. but as john yang reports tsong the most closely watched early olympic even is global diplomacy. >> yang: fireworks opened the olympic games in pyegchang, but a diplomatic spectacle competed for attention: a historic handshake, between south korean president moonin

jand north korea's nominal head of state, kim yong nam, at a welcoming reception. the greeting served to unrscore the apparent divisions between washington and seoul. vice president pence made a brief appearance, too, alongside moon and japanese prime minist shinzo abe, but he avoided the north korean delegation, and left early. the "wall street journal's" andrew jeong is covering the games. >> the conservative media here are interpreting this as a snub. other outlets are being careful because it still isn't really clear what message the vice president is trying to put out there.>> ang: during the opening ceremony, mr. pence sat just feet away from kim yo-jong, the powerful sister of north korean leader kim jong-un. pence again kept his distance, but south korea's moon greeted her, as the two countries' athletes marched side by side

under a single flag, and a north korean hockey player was among the olympic torch bear it was a striking show of unity after a year of rising tensions over pyongyang's missile and nuclear programs. the olympics are often an escape from world affairs. this year, the geopobttical suext is hard to avoid. south korean president moon sees the games as a chance to thaw relations with the north. >> ( translated ): i would liket to make efby using this opportunity as much as i can, to bring north korea back to the 'salogue table for the nor hialways emphasize that the most important thing inprocess is the airtight cooperation between south korea and the united states. >> yang: mr. pence has emphasized the trump administration's harder line, warning against what he calls the north's "charm offensive." he used his own symbolism today, meeting with defectors from the north,long with fred warmbier, whose son, otto, died last year after imprisonment in north korea. the vice president reinforced

w of north korea, in an interview with nbc's lester holt. we're going to make it crystal clear that our military, the japanese self-defensees foour allies here in south korea, all of our allies across the region, are fully prepared to defend our nations and to take what action is necessary to defend our homeland. >> yang: andrew jeong of the "wall street joual" says japan is also taking a tougher stance than the south koreans are. >>resident moon is saying, yeah, it's kind of the time for talks, because otherwise denucleazation is not going to happen. but japan is saying more pressure.s that ire aligned with what the trump administration is. thinki >> yang: the split will be in evidence again tomorrow wh president moon hosts the north korean delegations for lunch, and mr. pence will be in seoul, preparing to return to washington. we now get two views on this olympic diplomacy. anthony ruggiero worked in the

state departme and treasury departments, where his focus was s ghting the financing of terrorism and weap mass destruction. and frank jannuzi is also a state department veteran, whou. was part on th delegation for talks with north korea during the clinton administration. gentlemen, w come to you both. thanks for being here. mr. jannuzi, let me start with you. did vice president pence miss an opportunity by not engaging with the north korean, even just pleasantdes? >> he d. his behavior was boorish and politically bone deaf. if president moon c shake hands, surely the vice president can do the simple courtesy o not essentially showing up to the party and then sulki. >> yang: mr. ruggier boorish and tone deaf in. >> i'm not sure i would go that far. i think we have to keep the focus here on north korea and its nuclear weapons and mi program. they have no interest in talking

to the united states, so whether the vice president really shakes his hand is really immaterial. the issue here is that north korea is the one that reas lly wa take over or hijack these games to legitimize its regime. >> but i think it's precisely because we want to keep the cus on north korea, its human rights record, its poor record in response to u.n. sanctions for their missile and nuclear program, that theice president made such a grievous mistake. he's made himself the story. he's made himself and his treatment of ourr south kean ally the story. the south koreans held theseym cs. they're holding these olympics with an aspiration of peace really beginning a process of reconciliation and dialogue with the noh, and for the united tructs to in any way obs that effort i think is really doing a disservice to our alliance. >> yang: mr. ruggiero, you say the north koreans are trying to hijack these olympics. hshould the south koreae said when kim jong-un said he

was going to send his siter, thanks but no thanks? >> definitely. she's a sanctioned person. she's involved in nort korea's propaganda to its own citizens. i mean, she is comicit in this regime's horrible human rights record. and frankly, the north koreans should not be participating in the olympics. during apartheid, south africa was noet invited to olympics. north korea should not be givent the same coy, but it should be subjected to a ban, as well. it's not clear to me why we would want to invite a country like this to the olympics. >> i strongly disagree. again, anthony, sanctions are a means to an end. they're not an end in a of themselves. the only reason we have sanctions on north korea, it's notjust to punish them,'s to change their behavior. so when you have an opportunity to enge, when you have opportunity to use the leverage created by sanctions to possibly explore openings to address the hard security issues and the north-south issues, we should seize it. >> i agree we should change their bevior, but let's not forget they did a military

parade only two days ago. that hasn't changed their behavior.en hough they're not doing nuclear missile test, their programs continue even as we speak today. irey have not changed the behavior at all. things like prohibiting south africa from the olympics aree what eually got the change in behavior we were looking for. >> i think whait got south aca to the table were severe economic sanctions, and ior certainly suthose efforts to impose tough economic sanctions on north korea, but a military parade in p is not a threat to -- inpy gyang is not a threat to us. >> yang: mr. pence also too fred warmbier to a meeting with north korean defectors. do you think tt was too aggressive? >> at amnesty international i let efforts in washington toin a spotlight on north korea's horrendous humarights effort. i celebrate president trump's effort to put the humian rghts

issue on the table, but there is a time and place for everything. if we're going to nurse grievances at the olympict rather tha to seize this opportunity to create a mood for reconciliation, i think that's a mistake. the timing of it is wrong. the sentiment is think very well intentioned, and laudable. >> yang: mr. ruggiero, bad timing? >> no, absolutely not. we should be focused on north korea's human rights record and bringing fred warmbier i thinkht is the ripproach by the administration. we need to continue to shine the spotlight. it's dappointing that south korea's own president, who is a foer human rights lawyer, is not as focused on this as president trump is. i think it'abs adm that vice president pence did that. >> yang: mr. ruggiero, youay you feel the north koreans are trying to drive a wedge between south korea and the united states. how real do you think that wedgr is and wha the consequences? >> well, the conversation we're having here. this is wt kim john -- kim

jong-un wants. they want a wedge between the united states and south korea. the other thing they want is to sabotage the sanctions program. it's finally showing some succes i think kim jong-un has felt that pressure. and he knows that if he is talking to south korea, that it will be harder for the united states to go to countries and ask them to do thingsbove the letter of the law, which is really what we need on the sanctions parameter, what we've seen so far. >> i agree, anthony, but the sanctions are beginning to show some trarks and that's precisely why we should be pursuing the opportunity that may exist to pivot from the sanctions, explore what's possible, see if the north koreans have changed their attitude. if not, that's fine, keep the pressure on. >> yang: frank jannuzi,an ony ruggiero, thanks so much for joining us. >> thank you. >> thank you. >> woodruff: flu season is not

easing its grip on much of thete united s and the outbreak is reaching levels not seen in nearly a decade. ehospitalizations for it higher than normal, and the centers for disease control and prevention reported today that roughly one in 13 visits to the doctor last week were for flu-like symptoms. it has also claimed the lives of at least ten more children this week, putting that number at 63 for the season. tens of thousands of deaths are often associated with the flu annually. dr. anne schuchat is the acting director of the c.d.c., and she joinme now. dr. schuchat, welcome back to the program. luso how widespread is the right now in this country? >> this is a very difficult flu season. this past week we got more bad news. he doctor have its for flu are as high this weas we've seen during the peak of the 2009 pandemic. we're not having a pandemic right now, but we have a very, very difficult flu season.

>> woodruff: why is it so bad this year? no well, there are a couple reasons that we of, and there are probably some more reasons that we need to learn abou one thing is it's an h3n2. influenza seas that's the strain that's dominating. there are a couple other strns circulating. h3n2 seasons tend to be more severe. the other thing is that the influenza vaccine doesn'tor as well against h3n2 strains some that's probably a secd factor. bad the third factor is that the vaccine is proy working even less well than usual against the h3n2. we had an early start to the season, and it's continuing full force right now. >> woodruff: are the particular parts of ourti popu that are more vulnerable than others? >> anyone can get the fl and it can be serious, but the people who have a harder time wi flu are the very ole, the very young, pregnant women, and people with heart diase, lung disease, and other medical

conditions that camake it harder for them to take on a lung infection. we recommend that those groups in particular, if they present with flu symptomming they can benefit from viral medicines that may convert a relatively mild -- that may prevent a milder illness from becoming a hospitalization or worse. >> woodruff: is though, dr. schuchat, is there enough vaccine available this year to revente the fl or at least prevent it from being more severe? is there enough of the drug tamiflu, which i know is prescribedor many people? >> more than 152 million doses of influenza vaccine have been distributed. the coverage is overall about what we saw last year in terms of how manpeople have gotten vaccinated by this time in the year. it's not too late to be vaccinated for those who haven't already gotten vaccinated. oere are maybeme benefit to still getting the vaccine. we're seeing requests for tamiflu or the other anti-viral

against influenza than we've seen in past years. lot of demand for that because of the intense season. it may be hard to find cally, so we expect that people need to call around to tiee pharm but the past couple weeks we've been working closely with the manufacturers, the pharmacy chains, the insurers, the distributors to smooth out that suly to, take care ofhose spot shortages. we do think that prompt eatment with anti-viral medicines can be very important in people who present with severe symptoms or people who are at risk for complications.uf >> woo so i have to ask you, what is your advice for people who have not had the flu and for people who have it? >> well, if you are feeling well, keep washing your hands, cover your cough or sneeze, and if you do get sick, please stay home from work or school so that you don't spread the flu. what's a mildness for you could be something severe for one of your coworkers or you

classmates. if you have the flu and you are pregnant or elderly or have heart or lung disease, we hope that you're seeng medal care because prompt treatment with anti-virals can be lifesaving. >> woodruff: dr. anne huchat, acting director of the c.d.c., we thank you. >> thank you, judy. >> woodruff: now, weegin a new ries, taking us to all corners of the country, to see artists at work.ta we with a look at a group that has been serving rural ckmmunities in eastern ken for nearly half a century. woiginally dubbed the "appalachian filshop," now just "appalshop," the group has dedicated itself t spotlighting the rich cultural story of appalachia. now, it's giving residents-- many who have loe looked to lee area-- new reasons to stay. jeffrey brown brings us t

first of an occasional series, "american creators." o brown: a cold winter day in the tiny coal tof hemphill, in letcher county, kentucky, hard hit by the closing of nearby mines. but on this friday, resints have gathered in the basement of a shuttered school turned community center, for ood, music, and a celebration, of a tiny but empowering catering business run by gwen johnson, whose mining family has lived here for generations. >> i was raised in a coal mine family, where the pride was in the job, but you didn't really own what you made. but with hemphill catering company, we own what we make. the community will. >> brown: the business was madet possible throu support of appalshop, based in nearby whitesburg, an arts and culturet

instn that, from its very beginnings, has made economic development part of its mission. >> we have been so inundated with, "this is the way your lif isthese are the options, this is what you're going to do if you stay here." >> brown: ada smith is a program gdirector at appalshop, aw up in whitesburg. >> we can tell you, da hin and day ou many young artists have been told, "if you really want to be an artist, veu've got to l i mean, you name it-- if you want to be an engineer, you have to leave. , you know, on that level, i feel like appalshop has proven that other things can happen here. >> brown: appalshop dates back almost 50 years, created with the help of federal funds during the so-called "war on poverty" of the 1960s. it was a time when appalachia was thrust into the national spotlight. >> beside these roads, the shacks of tar paper and pine e the homes of a million permanently poor. >> brown: appalshop had two big

goals: to foster new skills and jobs, and to give local people a way to tell their own stories. ♪ ♪ >> brown: herb e. smith, ada's father, was a founding member of appalshop. his father, grandfather and brothers all worked in the coal mines. >> he began here in 1952, about en i was born, and he workedil here u73. >> brown: but coal jobs were going away, along with local residents. f >> i graduatm whitesburg high school in 1970. there were 170 of us graduated. er the end of the summer, less than 50 of us were with no hopes of ever returning. generations of people, thousands and millions of people, leave mining areas, and the people who remain miss them. miss them bad. ppalshop: trained at and armed with cameras, smith

and others took on a n kind of work. >> it was a way to be a part of the solution, and to kind understand the place that we were a part of. >> brown: they produced scores of fil, documenting in frank detail the region they called home. >> one of the ways i like to sat is, we make films about the things we like here, and we make films about the things that are challenging. >> the same system that brought prosperity to some impoverished others. some filmmakers wanted to show at contrast to help brng about social change. others mine the images the way the companys have mined theal >> and then, we want to makes filmat hold out people like ralph stanley, people who have drawn from the wealth of the culture of the region and made a living from it.

>> brown: and appalshop expanded well beyond filmmaking. its "roadside theater," captured in this 1991 newshour rept, continues to present about life in the region. its radio station, wmmt, offers a range of musicnd news, with the help of some 50 volunteer d.j.'s. local musicians offer after- school lessons for kids learning to play bluegrass. uawnstairs, appalshop's film vaults hold virty every minute of film and video from the last 50 years, and now houses historic photography collections. the filmmaking connues with a new generation. 24-year-old oakley fugate grew up in a nearby town with a population of just0. without appalshop, he says, his options were limited. >> when it comes to artistic

ofeams and stuff like mine, they're just kinike, "no, you need to do something serious," like, they don't, they don't even consider the possibility of you aually doing it. >> brown: but after a training program, he's produced several documentaries, including am recent fotlighting a transgender student in. whitesbu >> i'm not scared to the trans anymore. i'm in the scared or ashamed of it. >> brown: most important, says ada smith, there's a renewed ccus on how art and cultu stimulate a local economy. >> if people want to come downtown for things, if there's music, if there's events, if there's things to do, all of a sudden, there's more businesses. if people have an opportunity to try some different things-- say, "whoa, i can open a record store, i could start a tattoo parlor, i can open a bar." your mind just opens up fr an initial nugget of trying something different.

>> brown: appalshop relies on federal funds, including the n.e.a., along with private philanthropy, which only go so far. >> i just really believe that there's been a long history of only seeg rural communities and economies as places to take from, and not places to invest in. >> brown: and appalshop says otherwise. >> yeah. we feel like there's a l of wealth and talent and ideas that need to be given a chance. >> brown: like those of gwen johnson at the community center in hemphill. her work is now part of an expanded support network appalshop has helped build with more than a dozen businesses and organizations in the area. her site faced closure when funds om coal taxes dried up, but with encouragement and support from appalshop, o cluding $5,000 in seed money, johnson was able tart aom catering cny to help pay the bills. >> they're friends w kind of stepped up to the plate and began to think outside the box,

and sometimes they think bigger than some of us have ever been allowed to think. >> brown: she now employs locale dents, including recovering addicts from the letcher county drug court. >> and our applications, when o they s background, goes right to the bottom. and gwen overlooks that and gives us a chance to prove ourselves. and, i really appreciate the opportunity. >> brown: and now, with another $15,000 from appalshop, johnson plans to build a brick oven and open a bakery to serveealthier breads to the community. she's calling it "black sheep bakery." for the pbs newshour, i'm jeffrey brown in letcher county, kentucky.

>> woodruff: and to the analysis of shields and brooks. that's syndicated columnist mark shields, and "new york times" columnist david brooks. gentlemen, welcome. so i'm sorry, mark to, go from that great music in appalachia to talking about the budget. but that was the big thing that passed in the wee hours of this morning. the president signed it today. th parties somehow came together. what does it say about their priorities >> well, first of all, judy, step back and edmund burke, who was a frend of mine, he said all government is compromisand barter, and this was. this was a compromise and barter. each side got some things they wanted and other things they didn't so that is sort of -- it evokes echoesf an earlier era in this

city. at the same time --. >> woodruff: you mean because they agreed? e because they agreed. the parties welit. it was not unanimous on onside or anything of the sort.th bu said, i think it's fair to say that the deficit itself is now dead as an issue. all of us have gone to republican conventions where it was solemnly sworn that there would be a constitutional amendment to balance theudge that's over. maya macgu show earlier today. she has been very conscientious, very effective, but there is no move now. the debt is out of contr. we went from were rowing $436 billion more this year than we did last year, and that's even so republicans -- bill clinton

did balance the budget. nothing since has ben remotely approaching that. >> woodruff: so david, red ink as far as the eye can see forever and ever? >> sreenivasan:>> it was compros the kind of compromise we always see. ever since our segment started, maybe as burke and payne in the 18th century, they have beenom able to come when it comes to expanding the deficit. that's been nsistently true over the past many years. if every side gets to spend on wh s they want end, that's the way they can compromise. they've never been able to w compromien both partys have to take some pain. that's the kind of compromise theyan't do. at strikes me as stressful about this is everyone is a hypocriticon the def. they're all for cutting red ink when they're in the minority and they're all against it when hey're in the majority. but there is a shi tone in the republican party that seems interesting to me. it used to be a party that talked the language of economics first. its native ge was economics, an economic language, so the budget did matter, and r

the budgally mattered and tax cuts mattered. now ecomics is a secondary language for the republican party. immigration is the first language. it's an identity party right now, not an economic party. they're willing to compromise on a lot of spending if they can win onm imigration. >> woodruff: because immigration wasn't part of this deal, mark, that's how the republicans were able to sign on. >> it wasn't, it was not a part' >> woodruff: twhat i said. >> no, no, and i think it's fair nk say, judy, if the senate were determinant, i there's at least 60 votes in the senate and maybe en a solid veto-proofor majoritymmigration reform that provides relief for these w young peopo are brought here as children and who have been contributing members of ous society evnce. but it's the republican house' and s in particular the

anti-immigration caucus that paralyzes paul ryan. but i do want to point out one thing on the deficit itselfen wethrough two world wars, the civil war, the louisiana purchase, and the greprat sion and ran up a total endebtness of $1 trillion. and the democrats were acced of being the tax-and-spend party. then we got theax cuts and spend. the debt quadrupled, quadrupled unde areagan and busd that really set the pattern. but it was successful politically. bill clinton for all his failings and all his fs oib eight years went from the biggest deficits in our country to the biggest surpluses. now we've had 17 years of war financed by three tax cuts. i mean, i think that is reflective of what david was talking about. >> woodruff: so is one party or another more responsible for this, david, or is the blame to go around? >> i do think there is blame to go around. deficits come down when we have ernment.gov

when one party has control, deficits go up because they can spen on their priorities. the democrats like spending. the republicans love tax cuts. i'm in the a beaver inthird party, but if there is a third party movement. , i suspect debt will be it. remember how powerful that was for ross perot?t deficits areing away as a reality, and as interest rates go up, t beurden of paying just down the debt begins to swallow more and more of e budget. it cuts out defense spending. it cuts out domestic discretionary spending, and you're a government that just pays bankers. and that could be a gigantic issue,specially as interest rates rise. >> i would point out to those who think about deficits at all, the borrowing on the interest rate a the payment and the debt to bond hold verse a transfer from pple of ordinary income to the wealthiest americans. it's an absolute anti-decency

traner of wealth to people who have to pay their taxes in order to pay off bondholders. >> woodruff: now let's talk about the debt for ourntire conversation. it's in the deficit. but i do want to ,ing up david, the saga that unfolded in the white house thik, a very high-ranking person and the staff sec, retab porter. he was accused by two of his ex-wives, both exwives of physically and verbally an emotional abuse. he stayed at the white house over a year without a permanent security clearance. the president today is still defendingim, saying he did a great jbwe wish him well, he says he's innocent. what do we make of this? >> io think whatst people do, they see the evidence, which is pretty strong against him, and they hava moral abhorns, and they react to an instinctive

abhorrents.o this is man punched his wife in the face. normally you just recoil, and yet with kelly or trump, you don't see recoil. we just see there's an honorable man. and what it reeks of is sort of an archaic 1940s idea that we're the world of men, and whatever you do at the world ofo outside the workplace, that's not our business. that was i think an ethos thatde existeades ago, but it shouldn't exist now, and i don't think it exists in most workplaces now. if you behave morally or abrrently in your ivate life, it should reflect poorly on you in your professional life and trump and kelly don't seem to have felt that just as an instinctual mora>>disgust. oodruff: what is it saying, mark, about the values at the white house, the judgmenf he white house? i mean, how are we to look at

this white house after? >> well, every ite house and every presidency is eventually aninevitably a mirror reflection of the president. i don't care who it is. that's how it's always been. and it is now.th an is a man donald trump who defended rog ailes, the late president of fox news, who was accused, believay, of having sexually harsed 24 different women, of being a very good person. he defended bill o'reilly of news of the same charges, i mean, more serious charges of being a very decent man. and not having any need to apologize. d most recently, judge roy moore in alabama, a repubfcan candidatr the senate, who was accused and it was alleged that he as a grown man attorney had actually sexually -- was involved and not abused but certainly taken advantage of teenage girls.

so i think there's pattern here of defense, of rationalization or whatever. d it is absolutely unacceptable, judy. it truly is. >> woodruff: and there's a lotis ofssion right now, david, about the role of the chief of staff, and evenhi the house attorney, the white house counsel, don mcgahn, there was one report that jon kelly told the president he's willing to resign. should heads roll over something like this? do we just figure this is another week at the white house or what? >> well, i think when we learned -- we've learned a couple things about kelly. he had the earlier comment that some of the daca people were lazy. but the guy who allegedly beats fe is honorable. that's a contrast. we've learned that a guy that signs up to work with donald trump that closely shares a lot of the vieldws of dorump. i guess it shouldn't surprise us, but he also has had a bit of a stabilizing influence.

so i think --. >> woodruff: kelly? >> kelly has. both those facts are true about kelly. whether he should go or not, i would m ke to see hisue a statement that he's morally disgusted by this behavior. there is a continual drama, a continual chaos, the chief of staff threatening to resign, rachel brand today, the number-three official in the justice department, all my republican friends went wide when she got up, because she was the lone voice of credibility around. ere but there's just always a thing of perpetual unraveling and the cycling through of staff at this white house. >> woodruff: we have to hold the president accountable, mark, but would it make a difference, let me ask it this way, if te president were to put different people in some of these positions? >> judy, increasingly from my reporting and everything i learned, this white house is resembling east berlin in that ere are more people trying to

get out than get in. they have not been able to either based on their false sense of loyalty that one had to be a total trumpeat from the begin, whatever. they have not been able to entedct and hold a tal administrative staff. the one saving argument for john kelly is that rob porter was the exception. he was thec de fato deputy chief of sthat kelly does not have. i think it's fair to say that kelly'jerusalem has been -- kelly's judgment has been seriously called intoion. >> it's about being a gentleman. th mme tooement. , it's our men, do they know i whs like to behave decently like a gentleman? thok at teddy roosevelt, barack obama, mitt romneyy were gentlemen, it's not hard, and yet those -- once you loe the social standards of how man is

supposed to behave, you have a lot of bad stuff. >> woodruff: we have to leave on that. >> i was going to speak out against gentlemen. i'm tired ofthem. >> woodruff: can't imagine. mark shield, david brooks. and that is the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. have a great weekend. thank you, and good night. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversationin a new language. >> bnsf railway. >> consumer cellular. >> supporting social entr reneurs and their solutions to the world's most pressing problems-- skollfoundation.org. >> the william and flora hewlett foundation. for more than 50 years, g ideas and supporting institutions to promote a better world.

at www.hewlett.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and friends of the newshour. >> this program was ma possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org >> you're watchinpbs.

the f heftyes some defendants pay even when they're no longer in jail. and what one city is doing about it. a forensic pathologist ben it omalu on theth dangers contact sports pose to a child's brain. the co-founder of next doo talks about helping neighbors tear down walls online. and the first african-american woman to be inducted in the advertising hall of fame reveals how created campaigns. hello an welcome. i'm thuy vu. we begin with sports and concussions. ac pr will smithlayed him in a film oncussion," it chronicled the fight to get the nfl to to traumatic brain