the f heftyes some defendants pay even when they're no longer in jail. and what one city is doing about it. a forensic pathologist ben it omalu on theth dangers contact sports pose to a child's brain. the co-founder of next doo talks about helping neighbors tear down walls online. and the first african-american woman to be inducted in the advertising hall of fame reveals how created campaigns. hello an welcome. i'm thuy vu. we begin with sports and concussions. ac pr will smithlayed him in a film oncussion," it chronicled the fight to get the nfl to to traumatic brain

athletes who have sustained repeated wloes to the head and he's written a book for parents who struggle with lowing their children to play. joining me now is the author of "brain damage in contact sports," dr. bennett amalu. >> thank meu for having >> the winter olympics are under way. sports are on a lot o people' minds. what should parents of children under 18 know about contt sports? >> well, it's always been my positon knowing what i know that no child under the age of 18 should play the high impact, high contact sports. the big six are american otball, ice hockey, mixed martial arts, boxing, wrestling, and rugby. in these games, in every play, yourhild suffers wl s blows to head. there is no safe blow to the

head. repeated blows to theus head c brain damage. if your child plays fo even after just one season, your child has suffered irreversible, irrepairable d. the brain does not have any reasonable capacity to te regeneritself. i've looked up thousands of brain cells inhabrains and yet to see a brain cell that is dividing normally. once your brain cell is damaged, that's it. >> this ais such big issue for many parents. even me. i have an 11-year-old daughter who is starting to get into teat sat school. what about things like lacrosse safe?cer, are they >> yes. in fact, this is why i wrote my ok. it's onl 100 pages, people can finish it in less than anur people are not aware of it, but lacrosseas the highest concussion rates in all sports after football.

>> i never woul have that. >> so lacrosse and soccer are what ca the less contact, less impact sports. no child under the age of 18 should play lacrosse. r soccer, there should not be any heading the ball whatsoever in soccer below the age of 18. why ? because that is when your child's brain becomes fully developed, from 18 no heading before 18. soccer i high dexterity sport that requires veryiglevels of brain functioning. your 7-year-old chd does not have such levels of brain functioning. >> are there any safe sports? t of course. those are non-contact, nonimpact sports.sw mming, track and field, table tennis, bad mitten, basketball,

baseball. and golf. you visit the international olympics committee website. in a noncontact sport, repeated wloes s blows are notininsic to the play. however, accidents can still occur. so what you do, your child must play safe. these games mlyt be hi regulated. and if anybody plays aggressively, take him or her out of play. my son plays basketball. and something that the school does that i love so much, when the kids play basketball, there is no scoring of the basket. nobody scorespoints. the kids play, it's called basket, and we all have fun. >> you have said it's child abuse to let kids play football. why? knowing what we know today as a physician, every two, three years i attend child abuse classes. and i must report chil abuse

when i see it. i'm mandated by la knowing what we know today, the fundamental definition of childe abuse is intentional exposure of a child to the risk. knowing today that just one concussion cauenes perm brain damage. knowing that if a child goes in to playootball by 8:00 a.m. on saturday morning, by 11:00 a.m. after he's done playing, he has suffered brain damage. isn't that intentionalre expo of child to the risk of inrery? >> wdo you draw the line, though? so many sports come with some element ofis and athletes, if they're serious about a sport need toegin training as youth before they're 18 to become really, really good at i especially let's say at the olympic level. if someone is playing ice hockey, which you identied as a dangerous sport, how do you navigate that? >> that is a custom that is

embedded in our mentality. th may not be true. n 1957, 11 years before i w born, the american academy of pediatrics published a paper. in 1957, american pediatricians said that no child under the age f 12 should play football, wrestling or boxing, that they do not have any place in any school in the development of think child. now, the american armed forces, you can't join untilou're 18 joining the armed forces at 18 has not dermined the preparedness of the military. so you're a child,ou and play high impact sports, maybe a child of 6 yearsold, plays football and plays until 17, does it about 11 years that child must have received hundreds of thousands bofws hi.

by the time he's 18,r hisn is no longer playing at the level you would expect him to play. so if we could step back to ink, what if we don't let children play until they're they go through intensive training with impact they could take these games to levels we never, evera ned, because their brains are impact functioning the highest ve levels, ot suffered any brain damage. so if children do not play, do no begin exposure early by 18, then they take football to exceptional levels that would never, ever imagined. veat's a new way to think. >> yoiven people a lot to think about, because this country love football, as you have acknowledged, football is like religion in america. >> i would ask parts to buy the book and make up your mind. >> thank you for being >> thank you.

turning now to ciminal justice, san francisco could become the firstity in the nation to eliminate hefty fees that criminal defennts face after they leave jail. san francisco board of supervisors introduced a bill that would end the practice of charging defendants for electronic monitoring. one of the supporters s jeff adachi who says inmates find themselves locked in a cycle of debt. joining me now is jeff. >> thanks for having me. >> first of all, can you explain what kinds of fees criminal defendants face after leaving jail? >> when aerson is convicted of even a low level felony or a misdemeanor, that could face as many as 50 fees, both civil criminal penalties, that are and so it can amount to sometimes thousands of dolrs. so this would eliminate ten of

the fees that are locally assessed by san francisco government orb t the courts. yo you have to pay aee monthly for probation, charges up front is $1800. a person is then saddled with fines and fe i had a young man come into myc ofwho had thousands garnished in his paycheck and he could barely afford to support hischldren. >> they're trying to get back on their feet, the jobs probably aren'tt paying t much. what is the long-term impact on these people? can they reenter society? >> we wantto encourage people to live crime-free lives and not feel like they have to break the law to support their families. a lot of people in san francisc. and so if you're going to burden them with fines and fees, t's like a payday loan in a sense.

you plead guilty just to get out of jail because people can't afford bail. and when they get out of jail, theehave this huge on their back. what's going to happen is they're going to feel tore pressuro something desperate to pay these fines and fees. >> san francisco is kwn as progressive city, but we have some of the deepest racial qu inty here. we have a situation where african-americans up less than 6% f thecity's population, but they account for more than half of those inl. j >> right. and our numbers are worse than ferguson. look at even categories of crime, like drugs, where all the studies show that whites use, abuse and sell drugs more than african-americans do, they're arrestedim at six the rate. so we have this basic inluity. it applies to these fines and fees. the fines andees are primarily assessed against people of color. and that results in whole communities of being affected by

these >> what would you say to people who feel that it cts cities that add minister these programs, lelectronic g,monitor and they feel these defendants were convicted and should pick up some of the costs. >> theem justice sy is not supposed to be based on how much money you have. beffnie ma was out on bail because he could afford his own security but for the average person, shouldn't really be requiring them to pay the costs of supervision or the cost of -- lot of these fines and fees have nothing to doriith the itself. they're like construction for a assessment fees for a dna database. and so what we want is to make sure that if there is be a fine and fee assessed that it has something toi do the crime. for example, restitution would not be affected that's when you pay back the cost of a broken

ndow or injuring somebody. >> you've been a long-timeoc ae of bail reform. what are the biggest issues you have now? >> we filed over eight lawsuits in federal and state court. we've been pushing for bail reform in the stat legislature. that's a huge bail lobby who only the united stand the philippines are the only two countries that allow a for-profit bail system. so we want to we don't think that the idea of just posting money -- you could charge if you had the money to post for bail. whereas a person who hasgot a $1,000 bail can't get out of jail if they can't afford it. what is is the criteria you wan? things ll be based on how many times you failed to appear court in the past, public safety, a number of factors that c l beoked at, which are much more predictive of what a d person may in the

future. and more importantly, whether the person c come back to court. remember, presumption of innocence in this country, but should be a means of ensuring somebody comes back to court. >> you announced plans to file challenges in every case whs e bailset. how many challenges have you filed and how many resulted in bills being lower or an alternative to atincarcn? >> we filed over 800 motions.d what we we aske judges to apply the law. we've had a number of decisions from the higher courts saying that the judges are violating the law because they're not considering the person's ability to pay and not making a record as to why they're paying bail. in aut a third o the cases, we've had bail reduced or had people released. but this is part of the overall reform. california is really behind the ball. we have bill reform in indiana, kentucky, maryland.

we need to have it here in california. >> and under the broader umbrella of criminal justice reform, we have about a dozen judges up for re-election in sjune in francisco. we have four public defenders running against them, very rare for incumbent judges to face challengers. what do you think is driving this? >> these four public defenders decided to run this race that's coming up and it's unusual because we don't have a lot of public defenders who are appointed directly to the bench.w ve only had one in 40 years. we often see prosecutoic. these paar public defenders are running against four judges who are apicinted by repu and i certainly will supportem i think it's important -- >> why do you think they're ou running, ? why this year, driven in part by what we're seeing happen the trump administration or other factors? >> both of those things. you're seeing trump appointing a lot of judges and you're see

thing push for criminal justice reform in massincarceration. they want to change this. that's part of the motivation for them running against judges. >> are you supporting them, endorsing the public defenders who are running? >> yes, i am going topport their effort. again, this is about making sure that people unders why it's important have judges from both sides of the aisle. >> all right. san francisco public deffnder adachi, thanks foroming in. >> thank you for having me. now totech. the co-founder and chief architect of next door joinse. the san francisco company allows neighbors to create private networks on line to share information about thei communities. according to the ,compa more than 180,000 neighborhoods from the u.s. to europe are using next door to share local nt t. kqed is a media partner of door.

the co-founder is with us now in the studio. welcome. thanks for having fe, . >> how did the idea comeou >> about seven years ago, we noticed a trend of social networks becoming more ubiquitous mn stream. facebook for linked in for your professial network. we found it strange that there could connect with the people right outside yourront or, your neighbors, the people that were most importantto you. we set out to build a resource that connected neighbors to the information most relevant to them. >> i'veused it for moving boxes when i was using and gave it back to other people. i posted about them. there are certainly posts about missinand found dogs. and someone who found an organ donor. that's right. we've seen everything from day-to-day recommendations that

neighb exchange with one another, babysitters, plumbers, mechanics. but more critical use cases, especially around disasters f wher example, in hurricane harvey or the fapa wildfires, we've seen neighbors banning together. and in the case of the liver donor, we did see neighbor put out a message saying hey, one of our neighbors is in the hospital and looking for someone to donate an organ. and we found a liver tonor withi a wide variety of differentse cases. >> there are lots of other entiti that similar services. do facebook groups, there are hom grown forums. why should people use next door? >> i think there are two things that set us apart. the first is when you look at networks like facebr twitter, these are largely platforms for self

they're a place to share photos, status updates and reveal a little bit moret yourself. next door is purely utilityi n. people are coming to use their neighbors as a resource to solve unique . second thing that is is everyone that you're interacting with is a verified member of the neighborhood community. each neighborhood is a geographically bounded entity on next door. >> how do you verify they live there? >> we have a numb of differe ways. mobile phone verification, verification via postcard through the mail, where you redeem an invitation token that proves you had to go to your mailbox and take it out. once people a verified, that increases the level of that they're interacting with people in their ighborhood. >> in th world where the internet is so youbiquitous, the is a concern tret peoplen't interacting face to face more.

so why is thisec sary? why can't neighbors just go out and say hi, i'm your neighbor, let's chat faceo face. >> i think we're combatting a trend thaens hag in the united states, especially over the past 50 years. one of th inspiring statistics that we saw when we started the owmpany is that 29% of americans claim to k very few of their neighbors, and 28% of americans claim to know not a single neighbor by me. so over half the population with very weak ties into their community. it may seem in our emodern,nological world, to use an app i happening. we feel like our job is bested perfowhen an online interaction on next door leads . your box story, when you needed boxes, ultimately you had to interact with someone toe exchae boxes. now you know a new neighbor.

we see that all the time. >> you've also had some growing there have been some problems with racial profiling. residents were posting messages about people ei color in t neighborhoods. what have you done to address this? >> we were shocked to se our matt form being used in this area, hearing about communities in oaklandof when we became this happening was a shock to the system. but we work together to redesign our product in a way that is almost unprecedented in technology where a few things that important to us, were to make peoplf aware the fact that they were using descriptive next witut the context around what was suspicious about the activit so we introduced friction into the posting process to force people to be more specific about the circumstances under which they were posting. not to be purely describing itople on the characteristics of their raceut some

additional context as to what suspicious. a person ofolor riding a bike in the neighborhood is not worthy of an alert. but ifthey're casing the neighborhood or breaking into wrs, th's descriptive text. at about other kinds of ncsts that people may find offensive ning religion or gender. where do you draw the line? >> we expect that neighborhood leads are responsible for man daning the social decorum. so underanding we are in 180,000 different neighborhoods across the country, the produc takes on a lot of the identity. so there are in some cases lcal issues that need to be discussed but with civil discourse.

we have aor su team back at hq that helps when those neighborhood leads feel like they're beyond their capability to handle things. >> in ten seconds, are you making any money ?y >> we are starting to earn revenue through nativeng advertiour e-mails. and you with realtors, as well. >> took eight years toet here. . >> all right. thank you so much. ♪ say hello, say hello >> the pillsbury doughboy, and the u.s. army. what do these ads have in common? the same woman is behind these and other ad campaigns. for decades, carol williams has worked to market products to a diverse market. she changed how women viewth selves and spoke directly to african-american audiences. last year, williams became the

rst african-american woman to be inducted into the advertising hall of fame.o she sat dwn earlier with monica lam. >> carol williams, thanks for talking withme. >> thank you. i'm honored. >> you are known in the advertising world for a campaign you did fo the deodorant secret. the ta line was >> strong enough for a man, but made for a woman. >> i need my secret. >> how did you come one that? >> it was one ofo times as a creator, when you recoenize how wre looked at versus who women actually are. in the media, they were consistently portrayed as weak individuals. they had no need for an efficacious anti-perseprant. but the women i knew sweat. they were working 24/7, and o a

the en of the day, they wanted to look good. >> and still feel dry like a woan. >> so you didn't just change perceptions of the product, you also changed how women looked at themselves. absolutely. that's what it's about.at campaign opened the door to begin a history of advertising that speaks to the strength of women. that door was first opened with strong enough for a man but made for a woman. >> you made a series of videos for the army. >> i didn't think the army had anything for me. >> what was your assignment there? >> the united states army had once enjoyed very high participation from african-americans. so the effort was to make african-americans aware of the benefits of the united army. >> i was surprised at what i found in being an officer and what the army helped bring out of me. >> the educational benefits,

what occupational training was available. and they would be able to come out of the armybl and have v jobs. >> how do you get a bra or job to speak to so many, so many to say that' my bra this >> we did an ad for disney. disney was very, very interested in increasing african-american presence in their >> imagination, inspiring imagination. >> they really thought it was a price thing. we looked at it. we recognized that it was bigger than that. we really talked about how disney infused your child with knowledge. parks. >> you created a seeries of videos for the ya about water

safety targeted at multicultural kids. why did you feel it was important do thout? >> yng black men were dying at disproportionate numbers. uespecially inban areas, not being exposed to swimming pools or swimming lessons. less african-american women were dying of that issue, and that's because the way we perceived ourselves and our hair, weere naturally saying, no, we're not going in the pool. we'll just stay on the sideline. so ymca gaged us to help get this message out. the importance of learning how to swim and dispelli s theth that african-americans can't swim. anybody can swim if you learn how to swim. >> i am more than honored to have this special recognition. >> how did it feel to be in inducted the advertising

hall of fame? >> being inducted into t advertising hall of fame was the ost incredible experience that i had had. >> see the magic that once made this industry greaap ause ] >> that an african-american woman, just put my head down and enjoyed what keeping up, it takes hard work. >> and thento be able to portray african-americans through my eyes as i know them. what a magnificent thing to be able to do. it's been a great journey. >> congratulations again. thank you so much. >> and that will do it for us. youan find more of our coverage at

robert: crisis and confrontations across esshington. ent trump signs a bipartisan spending bill, but not before ahuown showdown. all as the markets are rattled and the wte house faces tough questions over conduct. i'm robert costa. we'll discuss the numbend the decisions, the fallout and what's next tonight on "washington week." >> we are in t arible state as a country. $20 trillion in debt i bigger than our entire economy. robert: republican senator rand paul takes a stand against rising spending. >> i can't look the other way because my pty is now complicit in the deficits. robert: house minority leader nancy pelosi gives a marathon eight-hour speech seeking to protect