captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening, i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight, a community mourns after 17 die at a florida high school and authorities investigate the shooter's violent past for a motive. then, we examine the all-too- familiar tragic pattern of mass shooting in america, and ask, how do we stop this cycle of violence? plus, discrimination on the block-- why a person's skin colomay factor into the process of buying a home. >> in 61 metros across the country applicants of are more likely to be denied a conventional mortgage. mo>> woodruff: all that an on tonight's pbs newshour.

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>> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: and individuals. >> this program was made possible by thcorporation for blic broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: the school shooting in florida, and its aftermath, have dominated this day. the broward county sheriff's ofce now says the teenaged suspect confessed to the attack. that word came as a city grieved for its losses. reporter steve mort with feature story news begins our coverage. >> reporter: for parkland, florid it's a date never to be

forgotten: when a routine t school dayned into terror. r>> i think, i thank god watching over me yesterday to make sure i was on the whole opposite side of the building that my friends were okay, but i just find out this morning that two of my other friends passed away and immediate heartbroken >> rorter: some held a praye vigil today to mourn the 17 killed at marjory stoneman douglas high school. the suspect, 19-year-old nikolas cruz, appeared in court in fort lauderdale. he was ordered held without bond on 17 counts of premeditated murder, as investigators kept working the case. >> we will do everything we can to make sure he's convicted of all charges, justice served. >> reporter: police sauz' assault began at 2:30 in the afternoon,lmost the end of the school day. gunfire echoed through theil ng, as students huddled in their classrooms, an agonizing wait before armed police burstsc in to them.

they streamed out of the schoolr hands in thewhile emergency workers rushed to adeat the wounded. luckier studentsearful reunions with parents and friends. >> i feel like i'm in a dream, like i don't believe this is real. there's no way to describe what happened. >> reporter: amongs he dead: douggh football coach aaron feis. sheriff scott israel says feis responded immediately to the shooter and may have prevented an even worse tragedy. >> i don't know how many alts was a phenomenal man. he died protecting others, that's who aaron feis was. >> reporter: investigators descended today on the home of the suspect, a picture already emerging of a deeply troubled ung man. a former student at douglas high foschool, cruz was expelle disciplinary reasons. the sheriff reported "very disturbing" posts by cruz on social media, including one last fall in which he sposedly said: "i'm going to be a professional school shooter."

but none of this helps restore normalcy to parkland. instead, it now finds itself another shaken community making r.its best attempt to reco and, as people absorb the latest in an unending string of shootings, many are asking where the carnage will end.da d hogg was barricaded in a classroom while the shooter opened fire. >> we things about, condolences and saying we're so sorry for your t ss is obviously important. but what we needis point is not to say that any more because there shouldn't be any tire children that die. we need to take . >> reporter: in washingten, prestrump said he will go to parkland to visit with victims and tackle "the difficult issue of mental health." >> to every parent, teacher andh chilis hurting so badly, we are here for you, whatever you need, whatever we can do to ease your pain. >>eeporter: the president m

no mention of gun control. but democrats sounded new calls for action on guns. congressman mike thompson, chair of the house gun violenc prevention task force. >> there's been 80 school shootings since this president was inaugurated. this is a crisis. there's not a parent o grandparent in the united states of america who doesn't feel concerned about the safety o their children or their grandchildren. reporter: but majority republicans, including florida senator marco rubio, saywo stricter lawd not deter someone determined to murder. >> if someone's decided, "i'm going to commit this crime," they'll find a way to get thegu to do it. that doesn't mean you shouldn't have a law that makes it harder. it just means understand to be honest it isn't going to stop this from happening. >> reporter: police say cruz used a semi-automatic a.r.-15. it's the same model used in last year's las vegas massacre, and in the 26 pulse nightclub shooting.

>> woodruff: i spoke to steve wemort a short time ago, aet new information from authories. >> reporter: more details ceming out from law enfnt officials here at a press conference just a short time ago here in prand, florida. we understand that the suspect nikolas cruz did confess to carrying out this shooting rampage at the high school here and he gave law enforcent officials some details during his questioning. one of the things he said th dat was he brought extra ammunition with him to the school so he could carry on the shooting with his ar-15 rifle once he was out of ammunition, he brought more. he stored it in a backpack at the school so he would have access to it. so information there on exactly how he planned to carry out thes attack, d he started shooting people on the ground and inside the school itself. we got a timeline on how things

unfolded. apparely he took an uber to the school at about off6 minutes past 2:00 p.m., finally arriving athe school at 2:19 p.m., which is when he entered the stairwell of the school and began shooting around 2:21 p.m. so the time line pretty much around what law enforcement officials have been telling us since the beginning, but we ve been getting more details on what he did after the shooting. appantly he went to a nearby wal-mart where he ordered foo. he went to a subway and ordered a mcdonald's meal. so chilling details that give a picture of the person who carried out this premeditated attack. >> woodru: and, steve, you've also been talking to parents and students. y>> yes, i've spent the d talking to several students and their parents here. as you can imagine, it'been a very traumatic time for them. sespoke to one mother who daughter had been in a classroom

where her geography teacher had been shot. she saw the geography teacher on the floor shot and killed. she thought she heard somebody saying help me, help me. the teacher went to the door to close it and that's when she sac the teher shot. the mother was sending text messages to r daughter at the time to keep her calm. i spoke to another student, kelsey, so in that classroom, who said she was sheltering in a cupboard with her friends. the shooter didn't enter the classroom to her frien were okay in the end. she said the s.w.a.t. team at the school gothem out vy quickly. they toweled them to leave the classroom, to exit the school, not to look aound them, not to look at anything that was going st keep their hands above their head and leave the school as quickly as they culd. >> woodruff: so many disturb degree tails emerging from this terrible tragedy. steve mortoining us from lakeland, florida, thank you, steve.

in the day's other news, the u.s. senate tried and fail to move on immigration. four bills fell short of the 60 votes needed to advance, but a bipartisan compromise came closest. ng offered eventual citizenship to 1.8 million yeople who'd been protected under the "daca" program, but it slowed the pace of funding for a border wall. president trump threatened a veto, and democrats, including minority leader chuck schumer, blamed him for the stalemate. >> there is only one reason why the senate will be unable to reach a bipartisan solion to daca, president trump. president trump created this problem terminating daca last august. since then, president trump has stood in the way of every single proposal that could have been law. >> woodruff: the bill backed by mr. trump garnered the least support. o,it, ffered possible citizenship for "daca" recipients, us more immediate funding for a border wall and

limits on legal immigration.ty majoeader mitch mcconnellra blamed dem. >> woodruff: today's failure puts the immigration issue ome ice for the . both the house and senate are out all next week. the republican chair of the senate judiciary committee has made a re rebuke of attorney general jeff sessions over criminal justice reform. sessions had slammed a bipartisan bill to reduce jail terms for non-violent offenders. iowa senator chuck grassley rejected the criticism, accused sessions and the white house of meddling in the legislative process and said sessions should have resigned from his job. in south africa, a new president took office today after the

ruling african natiol congress ousted jacob zuma over longstanding corruptionsc dals. lindsey hilsum, of independent television news, reports from cape town. >> i cyril ramaphosa swear that i will be faithful to the republic of south africa. >> reporter: south africa's new president was sworn in after 24 hoursgof hih political drama. >> ladies and gentlemen -- >>eporter: last night, former president jacob zuma seemed jovial as he addresse the nation. >> good evening, ladies and gentlemeo why do you k serious? you can't even say good evening. >> r reason for him to resign, he said. but then he did any iay. ave, therefore, come to the decision to resign as president of the republic with

immediate effect. >> reorr: in the south african parliament this morning they sang "is a ma is gone" as they prepared to elect cyril ramaphosa. >> can we have som order? >> reporter: the radical freedom fighters staged a walkout because they want general elections not the coronation of a new anc chief. but among other opposition parties, there was treodendous ill to mr. ramaphosa. >> we wholeheartedly spport the nomination, mr. president. >> reporter: hnoe ackedged the problem the country faces. >> issues of corruption, issues of how to straighten out our ate-owned enterprises and we deal with state capture are issues on our radar screen (singing) >> reporter: outside parliament, anc pporters were bilant, after nearly a decade

of corruption and mismanagement, president ramaphosa, they hope, will restore their party's pride and the country's economic fortunes. >> woodruff: that reporfrom l >> woodruff: that report from lindsey hilsum of independent television new the president of turkey and the u.s.'s top diplomat met today, amid tensions over the syria nflict. secretary of state rex tillerson arrived in ankara for talks with president recep tayyip erdogan. turkey has demanded the u.s. stop supporting kurdishn fightersria.on last, the turks launched an air and ground offensive against kurds in northwest syria. the united states and britain y blicly accused russia to carrying out a crippling cyber attack last summer. it initially focused on ukraine, but spread worldwide. the white house says it did billions of dollars of damage. moscow denied the accusation today, and said it was part of a "russophobic" campaign by western nations.

all street, stocks ralli for the fifth day in a row, led by tech stocks. the dow jones industrial average gained nearly 307 pointso close at 25,200. the nasdaq rose 112 points, and the s&p 500 added 32. and, finally, highlights from day six at the winter olympicsth in s korea. 22-year-old american skier mikaela shiffrin won gold in the giant slalom. m she's going foany as four elld medals at the games. and, norwegian aund svindal won the men's downhill.l at 35, he's thst gold medalist in alpine skiing, ever. still to come on the newshour: what has k from making meaningful change after mass shootings? how some people of color areef systematicallyed home loans.ki sense of a quirky art collective in sante fe, and much more.

>> woodruff: the tragic shooting in florida has set into motion a familiar patte: shock and grief give way to calls for some restriions on the supply or sale of high powered weapons used in nearly all these mass killings. as william brangham reports, that pattern has been playing out for years and, at least in congress, usually has the same result. >> this was clearly the most devastating and traumatic scene i've been associated with. i hope never to see it again.ra >>ham: the collective national response to mass shootings began before 1999, bu it was oear display after the shooting at columbine high school, where two students used semi-automatic13eapons to kill nd wound 24 others. f,first, in the shock and

leaders express sorrow: >> to the people of the community of littleton, i can only say tonight that the prayers of the american people are with you. ba brangham: and then the next month, congress d sweeping gun control legislation in response, including a bill requiring background checks be performed at gun shows, like those where the columbine killers got their guns. that legislation stalled in the house of representat >> laura and i have come to blacksburg today with hearts full of sorrow. this is a day of mourning for the virginia tech community. >> brangham: i2007, a student with a history of mental illness used semi-automatic handguns to kill 32 people at virginia tec this time, some things did change: afterwards, president george w. bush signed a six-year old bill into law strengthening background checks, making it harder for dangerously mentally- ill people to buy guns. but according to many,

determining who belongs in that database, and getting all agencies to comply has severely hampered its effectiveness. >> all of us continue to grieve and mourn the tragic attack. >> brangham: in 2011, after congresswoman gabby giffords was shot, and six others were killed in tucson, arizona, there were widespread calls for reform, especially to curtail the sale of high-capacity magazike those used by the shooter. but none of the legislationer introduced aft tucson ever came up thr a full vote. same thing occurred a year later, when 12 people were killed and 70 more wounded in ai theater in aurora colorado, renewed calls for gun control and ment health screening went unanswered.

>> brangham: when 20 first graders and six teachers were killed at sa school in connecticut in 2012, gun control advocates felt the nation's horror and outrage would be enough for some bipartisan consensus. >> a perfectly reasonable place that stands out for both sides to agree is to make it harder for criminals and dngerously mentally ill people to observe take weapons. >> brangham: against stiff f oppositim the n.r.a.,in legislation waoduced to limit certain assault rifles and high capacity magazines, like those used by the saok killer, as well as requiring background checks for all gun purchases. >> all in all, this was a pretty shameful today in washington. >> brangham: the senate defeated or blocked them all. similarly, there was no federal

action after 14 people were killed and 21 injud in san bernardino, california in 2015, nor the next year later when 49 people were murdered at the pulse nightclub in orlando, florid >> we're calling on the leadership of the house to bring common sense gun control legislation to the house floor. give us a vote! >> brangham: and then last october, theation's worst modern-day mass shooting at a country music festival in las vegas. 58 people were killed and hundreds more wounded by a single gunman. the killer used what's known as a bump-stock to make his si- automatic rifles shoot faster, and initially there was bipartisan talk of regating them. prohibition, this ban on bump stocks should be codified. >> brangham: ten months later, no legislation regarding b p stocks has passed congress. >> brangham: now, in the wake of yet another mass shooting, this pattern has begun again.

>> our entire nation, with one heavy heart, is praying for e victims and their families. m brangham: for the pbs newshour, i'm willangham. >> woodruff: given this tragic pattern, one could throw up e their hands and think th nothing to do. but we have to believe for the sake of our children there is a this.rou how do we think about it? to examinehat question, we turn now to daniel webster, director of the johns hopkins center for gun policy and research. katherine newman, author of the book "rampage: the social roots of school shootings," and a acofessor of sociology at the university of masetts. robert draper, writer-at-large for the "new york times" magazine. he has studied the history of the n.r.a. and kristina anderson. she was 19 years old when she was wounded in the virginia tech shooting rampage in 2007 and has since founded an organization called the koshka foundation for safe schools.

and we welcome all of you to the pr ram. i think l agree we don't accept the idea that we can just give up. we have to keep trying to solve this to make it less likely that these terrible shootings happened. i want to ask each one of you starerng with you, kae newman. what is one way we should be thinking about this right now thuld possibly move us forward?ha >> eng w to understand -- i think we have to understand these shootings are planned often long inned a vans and that the shooters usually leave a trail of threatsr sugestions about what they're going to do. we need to make it easier for people who hear those threats to come forward to people who can make a difference, to the adults icetheir environment, to pol in their environment. it was remarkable to me in the research i did w much information was actually available, so much so that, in sometances, kids did not come to school on the day when those shootings occurred, but no rult was ever informed.

understanding whtards kids from coming through with information and getting it to the right source is an important task, and i do think there is something we can do about that. >> woodruff: so if that is one way to think about this, daniel webster, what would you say? >> well, i would say that the united states is unique not with respect to troubled youth, it's unique with respect to our inability to address easy access to firearms. it can seem as though tht's impossible in a country with so many firearms, but the are reasonable measures. you focus on appropriate standards for legal gun ownership, and i think what was particularly relevant in this case is -- and in many other cases that lead to mass shootings, and that includes domestic violence -- there are warning signs as dr. newman

suggested, and there are new legal tools, new laws called extreme risk protection orders that work very similar to t way a court does with domestic violence restraining rders where evidence is examined and judges and law enforcement can act swiftly torotect individuals' liveoes, when som is amassing firearms and planning something very diabolical. >> woodruff: so taking preventative action in the moment. kristina anderson, as someone who is a victim yourself of the shooirng atnia tech, you spend a lot of timnworking this on a regular basis. what would you suggest thnk about now. >> i would echo the feelings of vention andnce of pre look at how we holistically embody the values ofecurity and safety and culture throughout the entire community. adding on to katherine's point,

how do we educate and prepare and train the staff of these institutions from the janitors,s the bus drito the teachers? we hav sthe campaigns ofee something, say something, but moreacceptance that it's okay to speak up and make sure they understand what their options are for reporting, what the process looks like, if there's a formal threat assessment team in place to monit and kind of look at that individual of concern, and then long term looking at recovery and how do we take care of our communities because, in this case, particular, we're going to have the students that were injured but seso thon the building that heard the gunfire, you don't have to cabe phyy injured to be impacted by this event. on aboutuff: no ques it. robert draper, you've spent a lot of time thinking about another aspect of this that gets raised and often shovedside because people say it's not time to talk about it, but it's the availability of guns. daniel webster just mentioned it. why has it been so hard todo anything about the extraordinary

acss to guns? >> it can be summarized in one word, the n.r.a., the national rifle association is th most powerful lobbying association in america, not powerful just because to have the money and the membership, bu the quality of the membership which is to say they make their opinions heard and count. more quantifiablely, i think, than an other organization in america, attested to by the fact th the last tme we saw any major legistive effort mounted to control guns, any kind of gun safety law was almost exactly five years ago this time in thee wake of thown shooting. there have been numerous such dshootings since then a no political will whatsoever to seek a legislati remedy, a that is clearly because to have efforts by the -- because of th efforts by the.r.a. th made

it clear to republicans they would pay a high price if they sign on to such leislation. >> woodruff: i asked you if you could be very specific on when you move on someoo may be thinking about doing something terrible? r >> yes, and thstrictions with respect to firearms do not g.ed to be life lon sometimes these risks are really acute, and it's been more acceptaeae and we have reh evidence to show in the case of restraining orders for domestic violence that remove firearms and have firearms restrictins, it leads to fewer homicides. we've demonstrated that in several studies. so i think this policy is simply an extension of that same concept of recinnizing at a in time there's danger, ready access to lethal weapons makes that something you have to act on. >> woodruff: and katherine newman, what you're telling us

is that a lot of this is going to depend on others speaking up who have some reasoto believe there's a reason to be really concerned about somebody. >> that's exactly right because we need the information in advance. and there are ways we can encourage that ton. hap in high schools where kids may feel they're going to pay a social price for being identified as teachers' pets or tattle tales, having trusted adults like school resource officers in the area, in the cafeteria, people who getkno the kids, so they can come forward to someone who doesn't appear to be connected to the school's disciplinary authority system. nd students in high school were very able to do that and felt more comrtable with that because they thought that the school resource offers would take this seriously, would investigate quietly and would take action whre it was warranted because, we must remember, nine times out of ten the thats they hear will not mean anything, they will be idle. but the one time out of ten it

matters, they need someone to come forward to they feel comfortable doing so with. >> woodruff: kristina anderson, how do you get the tsrd to the young people? every child wa their parent to believe they're going to be safe. of how do you get someone to speak up and to go to an adult >> i think you begin by having really candid conversations that can begin at the dinner table in your on home to relay toe teacher in the classroom to have sometimes uncomscrtable sions and meeting them in a way thefeel comfortable. a lot of schools use tip lines, web based tools. some use paper surveys that say who do you think in theschool needs attention or is being bullied and slide it under someone's desk. there are ways someone can feel

empowered if they feel their identity is protected and they don't feel they have to comeia forward inly and if they feel they will be heard and ken seriously and given feedback to what the threat may be. the one thing, when you have the gut feeling, speak up. my experience with lawfo ement, they would rather respond to a thousand red herrings that are nothing to one event like a virginia ch. ten it's partnerships, knowing there is multiple people one can go to before the police officer, and a resource officer is a great candidate as well.od >> wff: robert draper, the gun question that is being raised, already, are the folks who have beevon adting for gun control measures been going about it the right way? is it the approach that's been a problem? how do you look at it? w l, let's be clear, it's not the main problem, but it is a problem, the real problem,

frankly, lesides with theo republicans ve shown nothing in the way of political will to address this problem, even when it happens in their own state, and we have in the white house a president who itical base his pol all too well that consists of evangelicals and gun owners and he is loathe to cross them. but it's true what you're suggesting, judy, tht i think proponents of gun safety legislation need to be careful and not fall into a trap that's arguably laid for them by the gun lobby by overstepping and proposing relationship that would not be a remedy for this particular instance. in this particular case the alleged florida shooter purchased an ar-15 legally. closing background checks wouldn't have done anything to remediate that. so in thwake of this, if people are to propose legislation that really hasin noto do with the particular crisis at hand, it will leuad gun gro to say, see, they are obviously using this as an excuse to take away

our secondmendment rights. woodruff: which is the argument we hear. daniel webster, we go back to what happened in las vegas, bump stocks, the device to incre oe the capaci a gun, and yet nothing was done there. >> well, it is very frustrating and i think it's exactly for the reasons just expressed of why wn have bspinning our wheels. i think there is some action at some state levels, andi do think that part of this is putting together something that makes sense an has evidence nehind it. i think one tg not being discussed in this particular case is you have a 19-year-old -- or actually i believe he purchased the ar-15 as an 18-year-old -- we don't allow 20-year-olds to buy a beer, but we allow 18-year-olds to buy as many semi-automatic weapons and as much ammo as they would like.

i think something is wrong with the picture and that should be part of the disussion. >> woodruff: i'm going ask each one of you, just so we can begin to think in a way that could possibly be procte here, what is one thing that you think could be done in the short term to begin to address this? and i'm going to comback to you, katherine newman. >> i would enscable morhool resource officers. often sadly the first thing to be cut in audget slash. i would enable those school resource officers to remain on the job because they are the people jung folks will fee comfortable turning to to deliver the information we need to prevent these shootings. >> woodruff: kristina anderson. >> i would ask that school boards, school principals take thtime to create written all hazards emergency response typen for all threats whether a firearm, truck, knife, whaigtevr it be, and make sure they are practiced diligently an with local law enforcement throughout the year.

>> woodruff: daniel webster f? >> i would say extreme risk protection orders to allow court action to remove firearms when someone clearly has a lot of signals they are planning thing very dangerous. that is a type of policy that extends well beyond the schools. cause if this ung man didn't shoot up a school, what elsee would he hot up? so the issue really is you have somebodywi th reallyaltent and you're allowing them to amass firearms. >> unless politicians are persuaded there is a cost by not supporting gun safety legislation they won't do anything, so itthink's going to require outside groups icians, pol particularly those communities affected by such tragedies. the newtown parents goint lved. it's the closest we have seen to legislative remedies, and i would expect that that's probably going to be the best way for politicians to

understand the emotional power of such legislativeemedies. woodruff: and i heard a mother in florida today looking at a camera an saying to washington, you've got to stopo these guns m getting into the hands of these children. thank you the four of you, robert dra daniel webster, katherine newman and konstina anders. thank you. >> woodruff: it's been ten years since th and credit has slowly returned for most americans. by 2016, the nber of conventional mortgage rose 95% sie housing bust. yet some americans are being left behind.wh the gap betweee and black homeownership is wider now than it was in 1960. tonight, the first of a two-part series, results of a year-long investigation from the center

for investigative reporting. as "reveal's" aaron glan reports, black and latino home buyers in some cities seem to have a harder time getting a home mortgage. >> reporter: brooklyn native rachelle faroul moved to philadelphia in 2015 hoping to buy a home here. she made a good income as a computer programmer and had enough for a down payment. her pote philadelphia mortgage advisors, was encouragbug at first. the lender worried, her income could be unstable since she was a contractor. so faroul suggested her mother co-sign. >> because she is a retired school teacher, specifically she s rked in new york city for 35 years, her pensioneat! >> reporter: but faroul was told, that wasn't enough to h offs mother's phd student loan debt. >> i got shot down left and right. >> reporter: lenders look for applicants with debt payments

roughly 36% or less of their come. so faroul got a new job with the university of pennsylvania with a salary allowing her to afford the two-story row house she found a short walk from the university. >> i wanted this really badly. >> reporter: but that still wasn't enough. when she applied for a loan jeain, this time with santander bank, they also ed her. her credit score had plunged 50 points because of a single delinquent electric bill. she paid the bill as soon as santander flagged it, but e bank still said no. faroul started to suspect this had to do with her race. >> you know, black people in this country have to be twice as good to get half as much. and i couldn't even get half, you know. they wouldn't give me anything. >> reporter: turning faroul down because of her race would be illegal. it's been illegal for 50 years. s> fair housing for all in t country is now a part of the american wayf life. >> reporter: the 1968 fair

housing act was a response toli "rng," a racist lending practice where the federal government colored minorityod neighborred on maps, labeling them "hazardous" to lend in. in 1977, president carter went further with the com reinvestment act requiring banks to lend to qualified borrowers in low-income communities in cities where they had branches. but these laws have not solved the problem. after the 2008 recession, banks tightened their lending standards. ten years later, while lending has returned for many ericans, reveal's analysis shows what looks like modern-day redlinp g is showingross the country. >> we have places like washington, d.c., places like tulsa oklahoma, santa fe new mexico. these are the places where they are more likely to be denied because of who they are. >> reporter: nearly 50 years after the fair housing act, ta reporter emmanuel martinez found some significant racial

disparities. >> we looked at nearly 31ge million mortecords, so it was nearly every loan application filed with the government in 2015 and 2016. in 61 metros across the country, applicants of color are moreie likely to be da conventional mortgage. reporter: banks don't share credit scores they say that is proprietary. but by using other information the government requires be disclosed, reveal found statistically sigffficant ences by race.al >> my is includes nine different factors among them are the applicant's income, the sizd of the loan,pecific information about the neighborhood that they are looking to buy in. here we have the likelihood of denial, so black applicants in philelphia are almost three times as likely to be denied a conventional mortgage. >> reporter: reveal found this pattern in dozens of cities. iladelphia was one of th largest. that means that a black applicant and a white one with similar financial profiles will

likely have very different outcomes this wasn't true for just r one bank, but for lending industry as a whole. the mortgage bankers association wouldn't go on camera for this story, but in a statement, it said that the data available under the home mortgage disclosure act is not sufficient "to make aetermination regarding fair lending." and thamerican bankers association that without access to a borrower's credit history "the data cannot paint a complete picture." >> unfortunately, credit score and an applicants total debt to income ratio aren't part of this publicly available data set, but it's those same financial institutions that have lobbied from keeping it away from researchers, from academics,ts from journalike me, who want to study those disparities. te i believe that we are b off having more information released in aggregate on credit scoring and those folks who get loans to make sure that there ir no dination. >> reporter: republican set tor tim scot south carolina says

releasing that data would makee the industry mansparent. but it wouffn't solve a ent problem: he says credit scores penalize people of color. he's introduced a bill to fix at. >> so what we're trying to do is bring to lht all those folks who are paying those bills on time and yet it's not showing up on their crediurscores. lectric bill, unless you're doing something bad doesn't show up, your cell phone bill unless you do something bad doesn' oshow up. peopcolor are typically the folks that will be disproportionately impacted. >> reporter: in almost every city in america, african amerins and latinos were denied home loans at higher rates than whites. we cou not statistically prove a relationship between race and denial in many, but in 61, including philadelphia, our analysis found race did play a role. neighborhoods with very few loans had the highest proportion of black and latino residents. >> you see there are beautiful orkes up here and people very hard to maintain their properties.

>> reporter: angela mciver heads the fair housing association of southeastern pennsylvania. in the era of redlining, the gernment shaded this neighborhood, germantown, blue d green, marking it as a desirable area to lend in. over the decades, the mographics shifted from white to black. day, banks deny more loa here than they approve. i mean you come out here, right, you see beautiful stcades. you see garden patios, you see all of the trappings of middle class life. banks are just mia. >> it's like a glass ceiling but thay, we'll allow you to g far but then you hit the top of you know the ceiling you're not going to go any further. and that's upsetting to me. >> reporter: after rachelle faroul began to wonder if race factored into her loan denial, she decided to use a new strategy. >> in order to be a be considered a good applicant, i needed thave a white person or someone who's white-adjacent vouch for me. >> reporter: this time, she

sked her girlfriend, hanako franz, who is half-white and hae,lf-japano apply with her. franz was working part-time at a grocery store. one of her most recent biweekly paychecks was $162. and at the time, your financial situation was unstable. >> oh, yeah, it was terrible. >> oh my god, it was so bad. >> it was terrible. i was borrowing money from my sister, rachelle paid my health nce at point because i didn't have money to pay it. >> reporter: but for santander bank, the final lender faroul tried, none of that seemed to matter. franz had a good credit score.e and once she c board, it all went smoothly, even though franz couldn't provide proof of a stable work history. >> they were like, "we need two years ,"and i was just like, "i can't give that to you." and they were like, "all right, we'll move forward." >> reporter: we reached out to the two places that faroul approached for loans. santander says that while they sympathize with faroul her "loan application was managed fairly." phadelphia mortgage adviso declined to comment specifically on faroul's loan applicion.

both companies say they are "committed to fair lending" and adhering to existing laws. the treasury department's comptroller the currency is charged with ensuring major national banks follow the community reinvestment act.y tom cuheld that job for five years under president obama and nducted more than 1,600 community lending reviews on banks. nearly every one, 99%, got a sati rating.or outstanding how can everyone be getting this satisfactory rating? >> i think you have to look at each individual bank and their individual recorto see how well they're serving the communities. >> reporter:ut curry wouldn't discuss any individual banks or aseir records with us. since stepping dow comptroller, he's been working at a law firm advising some of the same banks he regulated. he says he still wants make sure banks are lending responsibly. >> you have an obligation to lend in low to moderate income communities, but you have to do it in a safe in sound manner. >>eporter: mobile alabama ocala, florida greenville north

carolina vallejo, california columbia, south carolina all of these cities where our statistical analysis shows the reason you'd be denied for a an is the color of your skin.hi >> i that the results from your studies are unacceptablend from the sint of what we want as a nation and to make sure that everyone shares in economic prosperity. r orter: we also shared reveal's analysis with senator scott. >> we've made a lot of progress in lending, but there's still a long way to go. >> reporter: faroul and franz closed on their house within a few weeks of applying.r, last winhey both started moving into their new home. but with the good news, there a reminder of the barriers faroul faced. >> i have a hard time telling people that we bought a house because their response is always congratulations.

this is not a feel good story. >> and the whole point about this is that there is hiddeneg privand hidden discrimination, you know, that still exists and makes people's lives harder every single day. >> reporter: faroul says that her biggest fear is that from now, she'll look around and be the only black person left on the block. for pbs newshour, this is aaron glantz in philadelphia. >> woodruff: tomorrow, our series with reveal continues with a report on how the gentrification of neighborhoods is making it difficult for some long-time residents to takeut home equity loans. last month, economics correspondent paul solman took us to new mexico, wcare state and officials are betting on entrepreneurship to fashion an economic meback.

tonight, a short follow-up from the land of enchantment, for a venture unlike anything paul has seen before. it's part of his weekly serses, making s o reporter: new mexico's economy tumbled hever heels during the crash of '08, and has pretty much frozen for the dede since it hit bottom. >> so, this is the house of eternal return. >> reporter: return on investment? >> well, maybe. hello, welcome to our house >> reporter: and maybe even a small step towards the return of the new mexico economy, says vince kadloobek: so, it melted or something. >> yes. >> reporter: if, that is, this mystery funhouse filled with portals to other time/space smensions should realize ambition of becoming the next big thing in immersive entertainment, following thein lead of the raoom at new york's museum of modern art, say, toronto's lost and found escape room, or the crystal iverse in singapore. >> it perfectly expresses the type of artwork that is becoming wildly popular around the

country. instead of walking up to ati pa, you actually let audiences walk inside of the painting. >> reporter: but here in santa fe, it's immersion, with a plot. opened in march of 2016, the ishouse of eternal return already a business sensation. it nded 125,000 paying pestomers at up to $20 a pop to break even onting expenses in year one. instead, it dr 400,000, taking in nearly $7 million, its profits alone coveringinost of the or investment.e >> we're in oset. >> reporter: the paying visitors are the sleuths, scanning notes and diaries scatte maze.st the >> here's one of the portals, right through the fireplace. >> reporter: we're going throu the fireplace. >> thank god i play tennis all dse time. >> reporter: which to the skeleton of a musical mastodon.. ♪ ♪ but can this techno-netherworld

really do anything to revive a state like new mexico, whose economy keeps losing its best and brightest to the coasts? well, here are jobs robots can't compete with: a hippie artist collective called meow wolf that became a business, convinced game of thrones creator george r.r. martin to buy a defunct bowling alley and lease it to them, and converted it into well-- something hard to describe or sometimes, even to see.hi >>is the laser harp. and this is the sort of ethereal zone that is between life and death. >> reporte there's no map, no g.p.s., just room after room of you figure it out fantasy. >> here's that aquarium you saw when you were inside the house. now you're inside of it. >> reporter: this is like virtual reality except it's actual reality. >> right it's virtually actual reality. >> reporter: this is artwork designed and craft by more than 150 artists, many of them millennials like the 35-yearld

c.e.o., who started off as an artist himself, switched to dealmaker. >> i learned some basic business aspects, and i figured out what debt meant. >> reporter: did that come as a shock? >>t was amazing to me. like, i grew up thinking that debt was this big, evil thing. our whole generation does. it's like, you fall into debt,sp and yod the rest of your life trying to get out of it, and stay away from debt. and when i realized what debt tually was, that somebody was willing to lend me money to build something incredible, that would end up paying them back plus a little bit of a return, and i crunched the numbers, i was li, "oh, yeah, this makes total sense." >> take me to the galactic center, whoo! >> reporter: so they borrowed $1.5 million dollars, have created about 200 jobs so far, and promised to more than double that in the next three years. so what does an artist make here? >> we have an entry level, just graduated from high school, 19- year-old artist who's making $50,00 benefits. healthcare

and then we have fabricators and designers making upwards to $70,000 or $80,000 salary, with full benefits. >> reporter: whichs double that if it were in a major urban area, right? i mean, because of costs here? >> i would say that these wages, $70,0-$80,000 in santa fe ar some of the sweetest that you'll find, yeah. p >> reportes stock in the company meow wolf has become.or with me jobs opening up, in a newly-acquired former caterpillar asse example to create future exhibits. finall there's the gift shop, -paturing predictable items, and not-dictable, like the experience tube. john feins, meow wolf's marketing director. >> it is a chance for people to actually talk to each other, the original social media, noct distns, no cell phones, just two people. >> reporter: add up all the revenues, says the c.e.o., and... >> we've discovered a business

model that is 50-60% net profit. >> reporter: if you take in 10 million, you're earning. >> five to six, on top of it. r:ter all expenses. >> reporteo who's the lucky investor who get the payoff? >> we are withholding ourre profits, we arvesting them, so that we can build something like this three or four times the size in major cities around the country. >> reporter: so i put the qution to a pair of visiti out-of-towners. would it work in san diego? >> i think it would. >> reporter: and athens? >> i think it would workn athens. yes, or atlanta, yes, i think. >>lfeporter: and while meow isn't exactly amazon, looking to locate a second headquarters, kadloobek says he's received some sweet offers. >> we had othecities around the country knocking on the dooo and saying, "ny build one of these in our city, but we want your entire company to move. >> reporter: the house of eternal return's dark story ends in the "infinity spa," where the c.e.o. summed up the mission.

>> break down some paradigms, e you know, bust through sw dimensions, and into a whole different way of thinking about what the state can be and what economy can be in the state. >> reporter: immersive art as economic engine, "breaking down some paradigms" to creatjobs. okay, a few hundred are a drop in the bucket. but, hey, think cirq de soleil or disney. they too started out small and weird. which is what provoked me to sie off this story from ins my favorite item in the gift store.ho for the pbs ne, this is economics correspondent paul solman reporting from meow wolf's experience tube in santa fe, new mexico. >> woodruff: we close tonight with some voices from parkland, florida.

in the immediate aftermath of yesterday's tragedy, high school >> there's no way this is really happening. it's parkland,t's douglas. this doesn't happen here, and then maybe a couple minutes later, i start to realize, wow, this is actually happening, lik thisally real life. this is happening right now, sght here. >> it would never ething that i expected in my life. douglas is one of the safest schools and ey make sure that you're safe on campus. i would have never expected it to happen. >> boom, boom, boom, boom. i heard gunshots. f i thought it wecrackers. but after i heard the last shot i was like oh, no, i'm out >> i was just like wt the heck was that? that can't be anything other than a gunshot. so, i started running. i am not about to be s >> grabbed the fire extinguisher and two pieces to by four and a chair and if he did come in the room we were going to try to stop him with everything that we had.

>> corner and we decided to push desks against every door in the classroom. my classroom sadly had three doors so we had to move all the desks around. eir phones, a lot on theirry on phones, justg to snapchat everything because they thought it was a joke and it wasn't. there's kids freaking out students freaking out, teachers, it sucked. >> in a group chat ieard people saying this guy and this girl they got shot, i was just talking to them and now they're in the hospital, maybe dead. it's crazy that this happed. we leave you with live video of a candlelight vigil underway now in parkland. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us online and again herng tomorrow eve for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs bnewshour has been providab >> bbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations ge a new langua, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. babbel's 10-15 minute lessons

are available as an app, or online. more informati on babbel.com. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> this program was made possible by the corporation fort public broadg. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group a.wwgbh acceh.org

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