captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff.to on the newshought: >> when we declare our schools to be gun-free zonesust puts our students in far more danger. w >>druff: president trump keeps up the argument for arming teachers, as florida's republican governor breaks with the n.r.a.y calling for raising to 21 the age to buy a gun.il then, a plea. a former top trump campaign aide admits to conspiracy and false st'sements. and riday. david brooks and ruth marcus are here to analyze this moment in the gun debate, and the latest in the russia probe. plus, a new drama explores the events leading up to the september 11 attacks, and thht lessons we mearn as a nation today.

>> the theme of this season is, "divided we fail," and we werend divided,e failed to stop 9/11. but i think the, younow, the country has never been more divided than it is right now. >> woodruff: all that and more, on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour h been provided by: ♪ ♪ur movingconomy for 160 years. bnsf, the engine that connects

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>> this program was made b possibthe corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: the debate over guns, school safety and mass shootings took a turn today, as the president pushed again for arming teachers. but in florida, its republican vernor rick scott broke with the president and the n.r.a. over that and some other measures. william brangham has our report. >> it's time to make our schools a much harder target for attackers. >> reporter: the president insisted again today that arming teachers would help stop mass shootings. even though many education groups s more guns in schools is a bad idea, in his speech before the conservative political action conference, c-pac, president trump

reiterated his support. i don't want a person that's never handled a gun, that wouldn't know what a gun looks like, to be armed. e teachers and the coaches and other people in the building-- the dean, the assistant dean, e principal. they can-- they love their peo-- they want to protect these kidsh and i k we're better with that. it's not all of them. but you would have a lot. so, this crazy man who walked in wouldn't even know who it is h th it. that's good. it'sot bad, that's good. and a teacher would have shot the hell out of him before he knew what happened. >> reporter: the president also repeated his call to strengthen background checks to keep seriously mentally ill people from buying guns. for the record, the president signed a law last year that many say does just the opposite. and the president called out the armed florida deputy stationed at the school who stayed outside during the attack.

>> the deputy who didn't go into the school because he was-- he didn't want to go into school. okay. he was tested under fire, and that wasn't a good result. g >> we're nng to disclose the video at this time. >> reporter: last night, broward county sheriff stt israel said video showed that deputy-- scot peterson, seen here in archival video-- rush tthe west side of marjory stoneman douglas. interson heard gunshots inde, but instead of ent he waited outside for at least four minutes as the shooting continued. the attack lasted roughly six minutes. deputy peterson was suspended without pay, and has since resigned. >> what matters is that when we in law enforcement arrive at an active shooter, go in and address the target, and that'sd what shove been done. there are no words.fa i mean, theslies lost their children. we lost coaches. i've been tohe funerals.

i've been to the homes where they sit in shiva. i've been to the vigils. >> reporter: there were other revelations of missed opportunies overnight. since 2008, the sheriff's office had received 23 calls related to the suspected ooter or his other. among them, a warning about an instagram post of himself wi guns, threatening to shoot up a school. and last year, a caller reported the suspect was collectingap s, and could be "a school shooter in the making." officials also said surveillance footage of the school ng the shooting was not shown live to other police-- meaning they were tching 20-minute-old video while they were responding, and mistaken believed the alleged shooter was still inside. for his part, florida'sov republicannor rick scott announced new proposals for gun control for his state, going further than he has before. they include banning the sale any firearms to those younger

than 21.in until now lorida, that only applied to handguns. scott also called for placing one armed, trained officer for every 1,000 students at public schools starting next fall, andc led for banning bump stocks. >> the goal of this plan of action is to make massive changes in protecting our schools, provide significantly more resources for mental health, and to do everything we can to keep guns out of the hands of those dealih mental problems or threatening .rm to themselves or othe r eporter: some of those proposals were a notable break with the n.r.a and scott said he disagreed with the president when it comes to thedea of arming teachers. meanwhile, police officers and first responders from the scene gathered today to tell harrowing stories. sergeant jeff heinrcih broke w dole recounting how, after he relayed a description of the shooter to police, he located his own children i.ide the scho b

>> athe grace of god, my wife and my son, who were at opposite ends of the school-- my son was out on a bathroom pass, and my wife ins in planning de the girls' locker room. and they both heard the fire alarm and decided to evacuate. by the grace of god, when they walked down the hallway, they found each other. >> reporter: teachers arrived at marjory stoneman douglas high for the first time since the. shooting tod it's slated to officially reopen and resume classes next tuesday. for the pbs newshour, i'm lliam brangham. >> woodruff: there were news detaday about a tipster's call to the f.b.i. a little more than a month before the florida attack.kn a woman wh the alleged shooter told the f.b.i. on january 5 that he had an arsenal of weapons and she was worried he might be "getting into a school and just shooting the place up." she added, "i know he's going to explode." the woman also td the f.b.i.

that he had threatened his mother with a rifle before she later died of other causes. details of the call were reported by the "wall street journal" and the "new yorks. ti and we will have more on mental health issues being debated,r right afe news summary. in the day's other news, the trump administration announced its toughest sanctions yet on north korea, in its latest effort to crack down on the country's illegal maritime trade. they target one individual, 27 entities and 28 vessels that thu.s. says north korea is using to evade international law. u.s. treasury secretary steven mnuchin said the economic sanctions will have a serious impact. >> our actions are part of the ongoing maximum economic pressure campaign to cut off sources of revenue that this regime derives from u.s. and rohibitive trade to fund its nuclear and ballistic missile programs. woodruff: mnuchin said the u.s. has imposed more than 450

sanctions against north korea, half of them in the last year alone. president trump said today that the fate of his son-in-l jared kushner's security clearance is in the hands of his chief of staff, john kelly, and that he has "no doubt" he will make the right choice kushner has been working as senior advisor to the president on an interim clearance for over a year. kelly had said that he will decide whetherushner can keep that clearance by today. in syria, a week of regime air strikes on rebeleld suburbs east of damascus havee now left morthan 460 people dead. rescuers frantically pulled the injured from the rubble, as syrian regime warplanes pounded the region for a sixth day. a spokeswoman for the united edtions' envoy to syria ca for a ceasefire, as members of the u.n. security council struggled to agr>> on the terms. he humanitarian situation of the civilians in eastern ghouta

is appalli. red, therefore, we are in urgent need for a ceasehat stops both the horrific heavy bombardment of eastern guta, and the indiscriminate mortar elling on damascus. >> woodruff: the u.n. security council then delayed a vote on the syrian cease-fire until tomorrow afternoon. there is more trouble in myanmar, as human rights groups said the government has razed at least 55 former rohingya villages. these satellite images show some of the bulldozed villages, which had been set on fire after hundreds of thousands of the rohingya muslim minority were forced from their homes in august. human rights watch warned that anmar could be trying to destroy evidence of atrocities. the u.s. embassy in israel will offially move to jerusalem i may, in a timing tha icoincides wiael's 70th anniversary. that is earlier than expected for the move president trump

announced last december. israelprime minister benjamin netanyahu lauded the announcement, but a spokesperson for palestinian leader mahmoud abbas called it "an unacceptable step" that "will be an obstacle to any effort to create peace in the region." president trump's son did not give the foreign policy speech he was scheduled to deliver today, while promoting trump- branded properties in india. donald trump jr., who helps run thfamily's real estate business, had faced a wave of criticism for mixing private business interes with u.s. foreign policy. instead, he participated in a question-and-answer session at a summit in new delhi, and lamented his father's promise that the company won't take on any new deals while he's in office. >> it is a big sacrifice, because it's a big part of my life. to say, "hey, i'm going to take eight years"-- i'm 40. let's call it 23% of my life. and say, "we're not going to doe anything"-e not-- it is difficult, and it's tough, as a ersinessman. but again, fully uandable.

when we're out of politics, you know, i think we'll get somecr it for it. we'll be welcomed for that again with open arms.uf >> woo donald trump jr. insisted that claims that he is using his father's presidency te luxury apartments are "nonsense." a woman is in custody, after striking a security barrier near the white house late thi afternoon. the driver rammed the barrier with her white van, but did not breach it. the white house was temporarily put on lockdown. the secret service said she was immediately apprehended. no injuries were reported. in west virginia, all the public schools were closed for a second day, amid a state-wide teaers' strike. thousands of educators joined the picket lin to demand better pay and benefits for the state's teachers, who are among the lowest paid in the country. they have been demonstrating in all 55 counties since yestday,en ev thought teacher strikes are illegal there. >> i have a son who's ina college, i havughter who

will be in college next year. and they will not stay in this state. so, it's about our students and staying here, but we have to make sure we havsomething to offer them. and we don't, right now. >> woodruff: west virginia's republican governor jim justice approved a 2% pay raise forac rs this year, but teachers insist that's still not enough.a stocksd on wall street today, boosted by gains in the technology and banking sectors. the dow jones industrial average rallied more than 347 points to close at just under 25,310. aq rose 127 points, and the s&p 500 added 43. for the week, both the dow and the s&p 500 rose a fraction of a the nasdaq gained more than 1%.r and, at the wilympics, russia won its first gold medal of the games. it went to 15-year-old figure skater alina zagitova in the s women's frte. her teammate, evgenia medvedeva,

took silver. separately, a second russian athlete at the games, a female bobsledder, has w tested positive for doping. still to come on the newshour: we examine some of the proposals to prevent mass shooting a former trump campaaide pleads guilty, and plans to cooperate in the russia investigation. david brooks and ruth marcus give their take on national gun debate. and, much more. >> woodruff: in the aftermath of the school shooting in florida, ths been discussion about a number of ways to prevent a repeat of these tragedies, from arming teachers, to stricter gun laws, and addressing people with mental and emotional problems. but preventing violence by using mental health records is more complicated than many realize.

for example, posting a disturbing message on social media does not necessarily mean an indidual has a mental health concern, and someone treated and agnosed for a specific illness may never turn up in the federal ecckground system. to help lay this out and lk at some of the challenges, i'm joined by dr. jeffrey swanson. he's a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at duke university. professor swanson, thank you for joining us again on the "newshour". just to -- i want to clarify something going in. you were just reminding us thata the vastjority of people who have mental and emotional chlenges don't turn out to be violent. is that right? >> that's right, judy. there are prbloover 40 million people in the united states who would meet criteria for a diagnoseable mental health condition, 10 million with a serious disorder such assets friendia, bipolar or majorde ession, and the overwhelming

majority are not violent towards other peop and never will be. >> woodruff: right now, tell us generally what to the law say about preventing somebody from banning somebody from getting a gun if they havsome kind of mental or emotional problem. well, the federal law goes back to the 1968 gun control act and, basically, the law identifd a couple of categories of people who would be prohibited from purchases or possessing firearms, most importantly people with a felony criminal conviction, but with respect to people with mental health records, it's really aboutdi adtion, so people who have been involuntarily committed to a mental hostal, people who have been found in a court to be incompetent to manage their own affairs and have a mental illness, people who, on the criminal side, have en found not guilty by reason of insanity or incompetent tto stanrial. so there's been a legal

determination, and mo o those categories have something to do with dangerousns and there's also been some due process which actually is important when you think about e fact that people are going to be deprived of a constitutional right. >> woodruff: given thhat has to happen for there to be information in the nationala criminalkground check system on someone? >> so the information in the national background system is reported by states typically, and e background check, as regulate by the brady law, is only as good as the information that's there. so sometimes the state courts report the information, sometimes it comes from a mental health authority in the state there are records of involuntary commitment that are submitted, and but a lot of people might not be reported, even though they have been involuntarily detained and evaluated during a

mental health crisis because they're only there for a short period of time, say 72 hours. after that, they may sign intoo the spital voluntarily, if they're ab to do that and willing, or they may be discharged. if it doesn't progress to a gun disqualifying involuntary commitment hearing with a judge and the opportunity for the person to be represented by counsel, then that record is not going to be in the national instant check system. i think, as a result, the records that are there are kindt of spand, also, when we look at the criteria, they're probably too narrow and to broad at the same time. there are lots of people who have been involuntarily committed who are not violent towards others or themselves, and there are lots of peoe who actually do pose a risk -- maybe they're just really angry, disturbed people -- and are never going to have a gun-disqualiing involuntary commitment record or maybe not

even a felony conviction. >> woodruff: so is there a better way -- mean, i know mental health professionals like you talk about this, look at this, research this all the time -- is there a better way, are there things that cod be done to catch more of these people who could be potentially dangerous? >> well, i think so. if you wanted to focus first on that point of sale that when people come in to purchase a firearm from federally licensed dealer, we could have better criteria. we could, forxample, do as about half the states do and sae let'strict firearms at least temporarily fromho peopleave been detained in a short, involuntary hold. we could sa let's prohibit people who have a misdemeanor violent crime conviction because we know violence escalates and today's fist and blaycke could become tomorrow's gun and dead body, but we could also say look at all the people out there who already have a number ofms

firend don't have a disqualifying record, and, so, what if we put into the hands of police officl the cr legal authority to intervene upstream and remove firm from people when there is clear evidence they impose a risk and, also, allow family mebers to initiate that process. if they know someone's at risk, and ofte en they havat information very specifically about people, give them an avenue to remove therm fir at least for a period of time, and i think that's a solion that is getting some traction. it's called extreme risker protection oror gun violence restraining orders. neerin3ecticut, the pio state called a risk warrant law, i think that is another solution because it doesn't require the person have this recd and it also solves the problem that if you just stop someoneom buying a new gun and they 15 atdy have ten or 12 or home, it might not deter them. >> woodruff: but you are suggesting clearly a numb of

these methods have been tried and they're not passing, they don't gain the support they need in so many states. >> well, that's right for one thine number of states that have enacted a risk warrant law is very small and, until recently,ust a couple of states. but also, as with any public health law oric p uh you need to do more than just passing the aw. there s to be a very systematic effort to implement it and to make sure that thele peho are in a position to use it, the actors around it, actually know about it, whether it's law enforcement or others, and, so, i think that'an important part of the message as well. >>ruff: and do i hear you saying, jeffery swanson, that what is needed is the action at the federal level that it really isn't enough to have some states pass these kinds of regulations? >> i think the federal and state laws can work together. for exampf, there are a lot state-level measures that would work better if we had

comphensive background chec required at the federal level, so that, you know, if yu stop someone with a good state law, they can't just go next door too a neing state with weaker gun laws and maybe doesn't have a requirement for a bunckg check. so, you know, i think the answer is both, but een federal measures often have to be implemented at the state level, and the restriction with respt involuntary commitment is a mood example, that's a federal law, but comitment statutes and practices vary a lot from state to state, asus some states it a great deal and others don't. so the chance that the same person with the same mental health crisis will be prhibited may depend on what state they're living in. so i think we need to have a comprehensive solution but also an on the ground state level implementation. >> woodruff: no question this os complicated but it is als clear progress has been made and there's some impetus now to make

more progress as we go forward. professor jeffery swanson of duke university, thank you so much. >> thank you so much. uf >> woo special counsel robert mueller's investigation into russian meddling in the 2016 election has, again, swept up a formemember of the trump campaignan hari sreeniv lays out the latest. g>> sreenivasan: for rickates, this day in court was different. he was in washington, entering the latest guilty plea-- the fifth so far in the investigation led by speciall counbert mueller. gates is a former trump campaign aide, and a long-time associatef aul manafort, the former trump campaign chairman. today's plea is the result of a deal gates cut with mueller's office. as part of the agreement, he admitted that he lied to investigators earlier this month, and that he conspired with others to conceal, among

other things, his and manafort's unregistered foreign lobbying. legal pressure othe two has been mounting of late. gates and manafort were indicted last october on 12 total counts, including a count related to money laundering. but just yesterday, a federal grand jury in virginia piled on a separate indictment againstti the two, l 32 total counts, including charges relating to false income tax returns and bank fraud. that said, none of the charges against gates or manafort, so far, explicitly deal with russia's meddling in the 2016 election. , a statement this afternoon, manafort said thateven with gates' plea, "i continue to maintain my innocence." meanwhile, at the white house today, president trump did not address news of the plea. mueller did secure an indictment related to russia's interference last friday, against a russian ornization called "the internet research agency," based in saint petersburg. and, he secured two her

guilty pleas in the past week, one from an attorney, alex van der zwaan, who admitted to lying to vestigators. former trump national security adviser michael flynand former trump foreign poli adviser george papadopoulos entered guilty pleas of their own last year. we explore what today's plea agreement means for the special counsel's investigation, with our own lisa desjardins, and carrie johnson, justice correspondent fonpr. lisa, paul manafort continues to maintain he is innocent and going to defend himself. why did rick gates plead guilty? >> talking to those closest to the investigation, gates is a father of four, this is well known, and essentially felt with the new charges coming that a trial was going to be too costly and his chances of success were not clear. there were a tremendous amount of cery serioarges with what seemed to be a lot of evidence and the latt indictments against gates. what's more, hari, a source ose to the investigation tells me that gates' team is hoping

for no jail time because of this deal. that ultimately will be up to the judge inis case but they expect a prosecutor to make that recommendation and now, i a result, offering to be a cooperative witness. that has very important implication force the rest of this investigation. >> sreenivasan: carrie johnson, the prospect of no jail time certainly seems to be a big lure, but whaint'he indictments? >> there's a lot of evidence, hari, from paperwork with respect to bank fraud allegations and i.r.s. allegations that boast rick gates and paul manafort failed to report more than $70 million in foreign income they funneled through offshore accnts. there e allegations that they misled or doctored reports thata went to accos and other financial professionals. there are e-mails and there are conversations with others allegedly involved in this scheme. so thereas aounting pile of evidence against both of these

men. rick gates faces about eight years in prison, but prosecutors rerved the right to ask the judge for leniency if he's supea cooperativ he certainly hopes to be super cooperative against paul manafort d maybe others to come. >> sreenivasan: lisa, the president and the white house have repeatedly said these charges have nothing to dohit the campaign, this is maybe money laundering or something that happened before the individuals were involved. >> let's talk about the end me. the charges against gates, you're absolutely right, have to deal with paul maafort. the charges with manafort only have to do with finalan dealings, nothing with the trump campaign. so two possibilities, hari,ne, this prosecutor hopes to put pressure on manafort by building this case including gates who would be no better witness against manafort and get him to say something against the trump campaign or he prosecutor could think plfort colone colluded wih

and the campaign and is a target.te we know rick gstayed on with the trump campaign after plfort left, he worked in the campaign and inauguration andto continueisit the white house all last year, so he's someone who had contact with the white house for one of the longest period of times of those so far involved in the investigation. >> sreenivasan: carrie johnson. >> remember the special counsel secured guilty please from george papadopoulos who admitted to meeting with russians whore ofdirt about hillary clinton and told them they hacked her email accounts or email accounts close to clinton, and remember the special counsel secud a guilty plea from michael flynn the former national security advisor. we dn't know yet what these people have told thisec prion team about contacts with russians but certainly rick gates was involved and met with

some of these people and other oingects of the ong investigation. so he's going to be an important corroborating witness for some of the other crob rarities already in robert mueer's stable and could have e-mails or other evidence useful to the special counsel team and they're keeping that close to the vest now. >> sreenivasan: reports later this afternoon questioned jared kushner's security clearances. is this a ripple effect of the investigation we're ta about? >> well, there is a lot of speculation the special counsel is looking closely into kushner's fancial dealings as well. we don't know if it's connected to the report of pohe washington " saying two weeks ago that -- sorry- deputy attorney general rod rosenstein called the white house to let them know jared kushner's application for security clearance would be delayed becausef some kind of further investigation. no specifics in this story.

we reached out to the justice department, hari, the y gav a statement back and said that there were no specificsof investigation concern given to the white house. but that's not a denial of what the who's saying, which is there is a delay, for some reason, some investigation in kushner's clearances. >> sreenivas: carrie johnson one of the things the white house says fairly frequently is this investigation will wrap up bon. it doesn't seem . >> not at all. in fact, if paul manafort rse,inues on his current cou he's headed for a trial in eashington, d.c. this fall, maybe around the tf the midterms. and there's ongoing signals that the mueller team is not yet done. they haven't yet bee this task for a year, hari. we have, as you said, charges against 19 people, now five guilty pleas, no sign yethey are losing steam.en >> sreasan: carrie johnson, professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at duke

university, and our lisa desjardins, thank you both. >> woodruff: now, to the analysis of marcus and brooks. that's "new york tim columnist david brooks, and "washington post" deputy editorial pageditor ruth marcus. mark shields is away. welcome tooth of you on this friday night. let's start, pick up where we left off, dav, listening to the last conversation about the mueller investigation. there have been a flurry of indictments, some guilty pleas. what's it all add up to no? >> ieal will have no ide gates san interesting story because he had access to theur administrationg the crucial period of the transition and during the campaign, and does he have some witnessing of collusion? i guess that's the million-dollar question. i remain a skeptic about that just because i think they're too

incompetento have colluded, but it could be. but the other interesting thing to me is how big this instigation is. 19 people, the charges are on so do they stay with russia, go to some of the broader financiat issuat have been alleged with deutsch bank? to me just the scope of thest ination is interesting because where it could go and for the increasing pressure tr puts on thump psychology because he never seems to be able to geng out of feehat pressure coming down upon him. >> woodruff: what do you think of it all? >> truer words were nevoer spken about the trump psychology. we saw it emerge over the weekend with the indictments you were talking about last friday ght not central to the trump e mpaign but involving the russian interfered he couldn't leave it alone and needed to blame it on his predecessor saying they showed no con lunges when they hadn't.

this latest set ofdictments of guilty pleas with manafort and gates i find extremely tantalizing because i'm not coas inced as you on the no collusion front. it sort of dep meaning of collusion. what we know from these inctments is these were pople working closely with russian interests. at the time they were working with the campaign, they felt - themselvit's incredible to anybody who reads about the amount of money they were making, but they were in financial straits. they needed money to support theirc inredibly high lifestyles. >> woodruff: manafor and gates. >> manafort and gates. we know things happened. we know there were contacts with the russians. we know there were changes in the platform regarding ukraine so was there collusion that might have fallen short of president trump? i don't know, but i know that there is, like, the submarine of the mueller investigation that keeps plowing forward. we don't see where it's going

until it decides to surface. id,woodruff: how much, dav is it affecting what the president's able to do? he brings it up, he tweets about it, he brings up obama, blames him for not pursuing this investigation. >> i should say i'm not convinced of anything i readolly t know, but it's clearly having an intense psychological effect on the administration, as it does even on a normal administration under investigation, you don't know who's about to turn, you don't know which conveation you had months ago is about to get you into trouble, you're thinking abt hiring lawyers. this is an administration that's already not an unhappy place to live and just ratchets up the pressure. this is an administration where the man at the top isolatile in the face of pressure, i think it makes it extremely mieerable tohere. >> woodruff: ruth, the story that came out in your newspaper late this afternoon about the security clearance, the

prident's son-in-law, hes been in office oer a year and there still is no security clearance for jad kushner >> he's been in office over a year, and he has had access throughout that time, according to my newspaper, to the mot sensitive information available, the president's daily briefing, which would require, you know, the highest level of secuty clearance. this is another one of those -- it's hard to precisely know from e outside what it isat's holding this up. we do know that he has repeatedlyad to amend his disclosure forms and come up with more metings that he hadn't remembered previously. but ,o me this just underlines the degree to whichal bas jared kushner and ivanka trump just have no business being in the white house. it is a bad idea. they brought no special expertise. all they brought to it was their personal relationship with the president, and no other person -- well, we did have

roble porter with his seitc clearance going on, but it's hard to imagine another individual with thilevel of problems and security clearance being allowed to stay there for so lon i my gue his problems with obtain ago security clearance and having to keep that interim status kind of skewed the decision making for others because how can you question others interim status if red kushner is allowed to keep his? >> woodruff: meantime, whaty this sts pushed aside by was the terrible tragedy of last week. david, itow been, what, over a week since the florida school shooting.ot ns are still running high. what do you make, at this poi, of t reaction from our political leadership and, frkly, othe students who have been so outspoken? >> so, to me, the question is what kind of pressure leads to change? we've seen from the students much more pressure from the country than any previous shooe ngs. so will iling bit of rage and outrage and passion, will

that bowl legistors over and lead to some sort of change? it could be, we're just in uncharted territory. i remain skeptical. since sandy hook, more than two dozen states have pagun legislation and, in almost every single case, it's been to make access easier and not harder. why is that? because imposing restrictions is super popular, 70% suport some kind of restriction. that's because most legislators arheld by republicans, and the second reason is the issue is not out guns, it's bome a problems yanld a culture war, and a lot of people on the gun side feels it's not abo the guns, it's the elitis want to crush our culture so they put a wall down and say prno comise at all. so to me the way to move forrd is lt's depressurize this and say we're not trying to take your guns, we just wana fe things, so you can separate a lot of republicans from thet n.r.a. and g a few concrete

things done. instead we'reei se a rising of passion and rage and a national frenzy oth sides over this which makes it much less likely 'll get something done. >> woodruff: this passion, this rage is very real on the part of these students. >> it's very real, it's very powerful, it will be very interesting to see the difference that it could make. i share vid's skpticism on that in part because i remember sitting with the sandy hook moms and thinking that there could be no powerful story. i sat with them a day before they failed to get the vot to stop the filibuster of a very mild measure to close the gun oophole.kground check they were not able to do that. dents. these stu i'm so impressed by them. if those moms couldn't do it an the grievds, i'm not sure that these students can. on the other hand, i ned to take issue with something you said, david, which is i agree with you thaturning thinto

a culture war and letting people yell that we're goi to be taking their guns, people are trying to take their guns is a bad idea, that is not what has been hapening in the gun debate over the last ten years. what's been happening is an effort to do very minor things, like closing the background check loophole, like reinstating the assault weapons n,reich even these -- like even these bump stocks we weren a able to ter the last las vegas shooting. the thing that's so frurating and infuriating is that, even in our political system, even that has been very difficult to do. >> woodruff: what about tht? first of all, there's a long history in this debate. the r.a. did a horible thing by turning to the absolutist position, they started the culture wa and i think there have been a series of attacks pleetimes unheard by the pe making them but deeply heard certainly on my twitter feed by people who they they're out to get us. take, for example, the cnn town hall. was following it on twtter

because i didn't have access to a tv. there were two moments when th right side of my twitter feed exploded, the first when marco rubio was accused of being like a mass killer. people thought that was outrageous on the one side. the second is rubio said it's not like we want to take away all the guns, and the crowd applauded at that po int. one of the values is we don't want to take away all the guns, we just don't wat to do th few practical things. the right side of the twitter feed looked at the applause and said look they're lying, they nt to take our guns away. you could see the walls shutting down and any chance of yeasonable debate shutting down. i don't mean to s the attacks and over the top passion is all on the left, that's certainly not the case, but it has become a very roiling culture war where i don't think will help because 70% of the country is on one

side. >> woodruff: will there be the will to get somethingneo yes, passion will continue. these young people are saying we are sticking h this. >> well, i think the interesting thing has been that the passione inms of passion translating into political power, which is at the voting booth, the passion on the debate for many years has been on the righton the pro gun side. the question is whether we are now seeing an emedrgence a maybe fueled by younger, first-time voters of an equivalent passion on the left, cause as much as the gun control side talks about the economic power of the n.r.a. and urges people to stop taking their donations, it's not theic econower, it's the mobilization power. they need equal mobilization on the other side. maybe this is the time. >> woodruff: and ruth's right, we haven't seenhat. the passion mainly has been on the right. >> yeah, i have been talking to students this week and ask them abouhow they see thir generation and a couple of

students were trying to define their genation. they say, you know, we're the school shooting generation. and that struck me as intereeing. if it'some such a large part of their consciousness, maybe it does rise to t level that people who are on the more controllinside would want to vote on it. it has not been the case so far. >> woodruff: it's pret awful to think these young people think they're the school shooters. >> they are and the numbers tell us they're right. i have to segue here, if you don't mind, to president trump's idea to solve the problem by arming teachers. when wayne lapierre of the national rifle association said k,is after sandy hot was treated as n.r.a. lune si, now we're getting e same, i'm sorry, it's a lunatic idea from the president of the united states. there could not be a worse idean for stoanother generation of the school shooting generation. >> woodruff: a thought on ar >> totally agree, it's a demented idea. aside from everything else, the dangers it.

think of how it changes the student-teacher relationship to see them packing n. it's truly demented. a lot of good ideas surfaced, raising the minimum-wage -- >> age. you said wage. >> i'm so le wing -- (laughter) a lot of good ideas came up, that's the opposite of one. >> woodruff: they're talking about it. we'll see. david brooks, ruth marcus, thank you bot >> woodruff: a n tv drama that starts next week takes viewers back to the events that led to the attacks of septeer 11, 2001. it looks at how u.s. intelligence services might ve stopped them from happening, and, as jeffrey brown tells us, the lessons eators say it offers for the current time. >> brown: "the looming tower" dramatizes the true story of the

hunt for osama bin laden in the yearleading up to the attack on september 11: how the f.b.i. and c.i.a. were eachttempting to track his movements and plans, and yet, at critical junctures, withheld information fom one another. >> you got a stash of intell that you refuse to share with my agents. >> brown: jeff daniels plays john o'neil, the real-life, hard-living f.b.i. agent who, early on, recognizededa's threat but felt stymied by the c.i.a.'s refusal to share what knew. >> i had the bull in a china shop, you know. that kind of approach to life, gulping life and all of that. i've never done that, never been asked to do it. i had to go to work to figure out how to do it, which is what i need now.

>> brown: peter sarsgaard plays his counterpart in the c.i.a., a composite character who fears the f.b.i. will compromise his agency's harearned intelligence. what did you feel was the key to you? >> well, you know, feeling likep the smarteson in the room, you know, feeling like no one can really understand things like you can understand things you know, i'm playin incredibly intelligent guy, a guy who knows a lot, and is myopic bause of it. >> brown: it is astounding and horrifying to watch.i an, as a citizen, the two of you, and your characters so hating each other, so against each other, so not willing to share, or both thinking they were right. >> yeah,ight. yeah, i think that's a lot of it.ow you i'm not moving, neither is he. no.

>> the question was: how do you take such a vast tragedy and make it human? >> brown: the series is based on wre 2006 book of the same name, written by lawrencht, the "new yorker" magazine staff writer, playwright and screenwrer. it earned him the pulitzer prize for non-fiction. >> the way that i doofhose kinds tories is to try to find individual stories, you know. people, i call them donkeys. the idea is that, it sounds like a,,ou know, a derogatory te but a donkey is a beast of burden, who can carry a lot of information on his back aneacan take ther or the viewer into a world they don't understand. >> brown: the series opens just before al qaeda's attack on the u.s. embassy in kenya in 1998. that's about halfway into wright's book, a f aler history qaeda's ideology and key

members. wright interviewed hundreds of people, including ali soufan, then a young lebanese-american f.b.i. agent who, during the hunt, was one of the very few arabic speakers working au the buw, in the se's played by french-algerian actor tahar rahim. >> brown: soufan has retired from the f.b.i. and worked as a consultant on the series. >> so, i think what the show isa trying to do i you know, ten years worth of information, and try to convey in one episode, in one scene, to the audience, to the person who's living roomhe watching, to convey the feelings, to convey what was

going on and how it accumulated over the years. >> brown: but 17 years after the attacks-- why revisit this story now? one reason, says wright, is that television has changed, for the better. >> i just felt like this was probably the most precious thing i've er done. and, you know, i was jealous of it and i didn't want it to be handled poorly. but the other thing that happened in the interim between/ and today is, television changed. >> brown: and there's another reason, say wright and soufan. w you know, the theme of this season is "dividfail," and we were divided, and we failed to stop 9/11.in but i the, you know, the country has never been more divided than it is right now. and, you know, we are our own

worst enemy. and this business of attacking the intelligence agencies for partisan reasons increases that kind of division and it makes us less effective and less safe. >> and i think as the f.b.i. is being attacked, as the intelligence community is being attacked, we need to-- basically, we need to actually humanize these agencies. they are made for humans who are great patriots, who took an oath to defend the country against l enemies, domestic and foreign. and basically, you know, their oath is to the constitution, not to politician. and that's why they are being attacked. and i hope that the american people realize the sacrifices that people in the intelligence communitd the f.b.i., they

do every day, when they watch this show. >> brown: "the looming tower" debuts on hulu februy 28. for the pbs newshour, i'm jeffrey brown. ou >> woodruff:e heard them all: wear your seatbelt. don't smoke. don't drink and drive. these are all advice that we now live by. but they have become second nature only because of effective publicealth campaigns. it takes time and persuasion, to change the paradigm. tonight, pediatrician nadinerr burke shares her "humble opinion" of what she sees as a grave threat to many children, one she believes has been misdiagnosednd overlooked. >> ten years ago at my pediatric clinic in san fransco, teachers, social workers and parents were bringing me after child with concerns of a.d.h.d. as i examined myatients, i noticed that the highest rate of behavioral problems was

occurring in the kids whose parents had drug addictions or mental illness, or those who were subject to violence at e me. when i dug into ience, what i found was that for most of these kids, the probl wasn't run-of-the-mill a.d.h.d. for most of my kids, the real problem is what the american academy pediatrics now recognizes as "toxic stress." ultimately, it all boils down to our flight-or-fight response: what happens in our bodies when we experience something scary. but, when activated too often, like with repeated abuse, neglect or parental addiction, it can change the structure and function of children's developing brains. it canffect hormones, the immune system, even the way d.n.a. is read and transcribed. and, it dramatically increases the risk of both behavioral and health problems in childhood and in adulthood.

toxic stress affects white kids, black and brown kids, poor, urba rural-- in other words, it can affect anyone, and it can happen anywhere. but right now, only 4% of pediatricians in the u screening for toxic stress. most haven't received any training on how to identify kids who are at risk. this has to change. too many children with behavioral symptoms of toxic stress are being labeled with fid.h.d. and given stimulants without any idention of the root cause. and many kids show no behavioral symptoms at all. yet they are still more than twice as likely to go on to develop asthma, autoimmune disease, heart disease and cancer. and their life expectancy can be cut short by decades. more than 34 million american children have had at least one

adverse childhood experience, like abuse or neglect. we need every medical professional in this country to be equipped with the right tools for universal screening.ie veen identearly, doctors, educators and care can help reverse the biological effects of childhood trauma. ytogether, we can give ev chila shot at a healthy life >> woodruff: important advice. ngw, robert costa is prepa for "washington week," which airs later tonight. robert, what's on tap? ll discuss the uniquely american problem of school shootings, and how the national dialogue about gun violence may be shifting following the florida rampage. l thater tonight on "washington week," judy. >> woodruff: and we'll be watching. tomorrow on pbs newshour weekend, some muslim women around the world dare to say," me too."

>> woodruff: and that's the newshour for tonight. good luck to ed lee. an essential figure behind the camera for "wshour" for 30 years. he begins his retirement after tonight's show. ed, we're goingto miss you bi time. i'm judy woodruff. have a great weekend. thank you. i'm judy woodruff. >> major funding for the pbsee newshour hasprovided by: >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a nee lang >> bnsf railway. >> consumer cellular. >> supporting social entrepreneurs and th solutions to the world's most pressing problems-- skoloundation.org. >> the william and flora hewlett foundation. for more tha50 years,

advancing ideas and supporting institutions to promote a better world. at www.hewlett.org. >> and with the ongoing suppor of these institutions and friends of the newshour. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioni sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org yo >> re watching pbs.

what do we want? >> change. tonight on kqed news room, students have taken up the call for gun control. saying adults haven't done enough. meanwhile, gun control advocates are singling out politicians for their ties to the nra. san francisco mayorn what he wants to accomplish before voters pick a new mayor in june. plus, the challenges facing the california democratic party as they conven this weekend. hello and welcome to kqed news room. i'm filling in this week. we begin with student activism. the mass shooting at marjorie stoneman douglas high school in florida revised a heated debate ove only this time, young people are leading the charge. their message to adults?