captioning sponsored by wnet >> sreenivasan: on tition for sunday, march 4: ene trump administration d proposed tariffs on steel and aluminum. also, a new report on the lack of federal daton gun policy. and in our signature segment, the legacy of war photographer chris hondros. next on pbs newshour weekend. >> "pbs nshour weekend" is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. the cheryl and philip milstein family. sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. dr. p. roy vagelos and diana t. vagelos. the j.p.b. foundation. the anderson family fund. rosalind p. walter barbara hope zuckerberg.

corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customizividual and group retirement products. that's why we're your retirement company. >> addi support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcaing, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. from the tisch wnet studios at lincoln center in new york, rhariivasan. >> sreenivasan: good evening and thank you for joining us. white house official ptoday defendsident trump's proposed tariffs on steel and aluminum along with the decision not to exempt any cos from the tariffs. that's despite criticism from some of america's closest allies national trade council director peter navarro argued the proposed 25%ariff on steel and 10% tariff on aluminum are necessary to defend national securitynd domestic industry. >> the mission is to defend our steel and aluminum industries so they survive, and as our president said clearly and

correctly we can'have a country without a steel and aluminum industry. >> sreenivasan: navarro also saidhere could be some situations where companies might be able to get exemptions from th te tariffs, bt will not be extended to entire countries. >> as soon as he starts exempting countries, he has to raise the tariff on everybody else. as soon as he exempts one country, his phone starts ringing from the heads of state of other countries.>> reenivasan: today, a spokesperson for british prime minist spoke with president trump on the phone and raised quote "deep concern" about the tariffs. also, the european union is considering retaliatory measures against products like harley davidson motorcycles, kentky bourbon, and florida orange juice. today commerce secretary wilbur ross downplayed those potential actions. r well in ze economy, that's a tiny, tiny fraction of one ercent. so while it might effect an individual producer for a littl while, over's not going to be much more than a rounding error. >> sreenivasan: but some members

of president trump's own party are questioning the plan. ohio's reblican governor john kasich said the decision didn't make much sense. >> it would be like me going home tonight and having dinner with myamily and saying, "girls, i sold the house today." i mean you just don't do things like that off the cuff. >> sreenivasan: josh bolten, ceo of the lobbying group "business roundtable," and former chief of staff to president george w. bu, argued the tariffs will negatively impact the economy in the lon tg run. s will cause huge damage across broad sectors of the economy. you maybe will be able to give a little bit of help to the steel and aluminum industries, but you're going to cause damage across f any numberwnstream industries. >> sreenivasan: the new tariffs might be rolled out as early as this we significant political developments in both italy and germany tonight. voting in italy began early this morning. former prime minister silvio berlusconi's alliance of parties is expected to win several seats but not the majority needed to control the government. the "five star movement" is

leading in the po-is with an anmmigration and anti- european union platform. the party's leader, 31-year-ol luigi di maio, could be italy's next prime minister. and after months of wrangling, angela merkel will get a fourth term as germany's chancellor. germany's social democratic party voted to form a coalition vavernment with her conserve bloc. this leaves the far-a.f.d. party as the main opposition party in parliament. unlessesvirginia's legislature passes a last minute fix, the statewide teachers' strikese ito stretch into an eighth day tomorrow. the teachers' unions are demanding a 5% pay raise to help cover the soaring cost of health insurance. the state house approved a five percent raise yesterday, but the state senate only passed a 4% raise. senator who supports the raise estimates the 1% difference could cost $13 million. t ohere is also concewhether the state can afford the raises based on projected revenue. west virginia's 20,000 teachers are some of the loatst paid eds in the country.

there is also word from okl tahomt teachers in tulsa and oklahoma city held talks on friday about walking off the job if they don't receive a pay raise. if a strike occurs there, teachers are considering april during standardized testing season. it's nearly time for the academy awards tonight and this year, one othe top predictions is that entertainment and politics will be sharing center-stage. previous oscar winners casey affleck and kevin pacey will be notably absent after facing allegarations of sexual ssment and abuse. host jimmy kimmel has used his talk show to address issues like health care and gun control. tonight he will be speaking to a much larger audience. and when it comes to e big awards, there is plenty of speculation about who will walk away with the top oscars. on facebook live earlier today, i spoke with vulture's hunter lyrris about why the prediction game is particulifficult this year. >> you can see that younger votes are on twitter, they're really clu in, plugged into online critiques and criticisms where older voters weren't, even e way you vote for oscars has changed.

you can vote online. >> sreenivasan: following last year's bespicture flub, when an envelope mix-up led to faye dunaway and warren beatty announcing the wron pwinner, oscaducers are giving them a do-over. they've been asked again to hand out the night's biggest prize. read a conversation with the director of "the insult," lebanon's first oscar-nominated film, on pbs.org/newshour. >> sreenivan: in washington and in states across the nation, policymakers are debating responses to last month's school shooting in parkland, florida. w much do we really know about the effects of gun laws? it turns out, not much. the rand corroration, a noit think tank, spent two years studying which facts that could affect gun poe,cy are availand which facts are not. i'm joined now from washington, d.c., by andrew morral, senior behavioral scientcot at the rand oration, who helped lead the study.

thanks so much, how much do we know? >> well, we spent two yearsyi to figure out what the science says about this, trayin to identity the most reliable utientific evidence for the affects of a 13 different common gun laws on a whole range of outcomes of concern to different take shoulders in gun policy debates and i think the bottom-line, the biggest findins we hav that there has not been a great deal of research done yet that looks at the affects of these laws. >> there is going to be som folks on the left that poant to the amendment back in 1996 as a part of an omnibus bl thre was a clause that said none of the funds made available for injuon, prevention andtrol at the center for disease control and prevention can use to advocate or promote gun how big of an effect has that had that the gft can't partularly study thi >> it looks like it has had an affect. there was a study last year by david stark and shaw that

estimated that it the government spends only about two percent as much on gun violence research as it does research for other causes of mortality that kill about the same numbers of people like liver disease or traffic disebts or accept sis. and as a result, of course, the number of publications that come .ut in this area are very low they estimated this wasçó only 4 percent as much research reports coming out comparedho tose other types of mortalities. >> with the studies that do exist, you set out to see what evidence there was about the affects of certain gun policies for instance taking a look at background checks, something being debated right now, you found there sin concidsive ce about their affects on mass shootings and only moderate ch-- drch evidence that they decrease suicide and violent crime. and you found no evidence that ey affect a variety of other things like officer-involved shootings or uinntional deaths. what else did you find and what does this tell you about the lack of data arond guns.

>> actually the moderate evidence that we rated the feaks of pack ground checks on suicide lly violent crime, we actua among the few more signicant or more credible ratings of evidence that we wer able to give across all these outcomes, so the strongesevidence we found was for child access prevention laws. but even there, sy relatively small number of studies. so we don't think that there is enough evidence right now toy make vrong claims. >> you point out that as you say that there is not that much research being done. there's not so many direct lines you can draw. the rq the different size of the gun control debate come to differently interpret these conclusions about the same affects on these gun laws, for instance when you asked experts on the progun control side of the debate about the affects of

instituting eternal background checks they indicated this could decrease fire homicides by eighn percent but ou ask experts that oppose gun control they checks couldun have no affect at all. what explain this difference. >> i think a lot of thes differentween the two sides on this debate come down to different ideas about the true effects of gun policies. and that's why we focused on that in this study and why we think more research that could answer these questions more den fin lively-- definitivel be use envelope resolving these long-standing debates, andrew morral, thank you for joining us. >> thank you, hari. n sreenivasan: on april 20, 2011 whilesignment in libya, war photographers chris hondros and tim hetherington were killed by a libyan military mortar attack. while the world lost two great

war photographers, filmmaker greg campbell lost a lifetime frnd. in his new documentary "hondros," campbell has not only created a tribute to his friend, but an idepth look at the legacy of conflict photography. newshour weekend's christopher booker has more. >> reporter: it's the calmnessha of his voice tt's perhaps most striking. te hello, this is chris. >> repr: as young men fire rik.-47's in the streets of monrovia, a with the aeadiest of nerve, 33-year-old chris hondros ise to politely tell the caller now is not a good time to talk. >> things are fine. things are fine. let me give you a call back in about half an hour. >> as soon as i heard it i knew we wergoing to open the film with that because it was just so representative of who he was-- how cool and colleed he was in these extremely turbulent environments. >> reporter: chris hondros would spend a great deal of time photographing the final moment of liberia's civil war in 2003. one of the final battles was

fought on this bridge where he would take one of his most famous photographs. >> something clicked in me at the moment that i was thinking about it. jweust as tre about to charge. i started thinking about it at nt, my whole career as a photographer had been leading up to a moment like that. and that the picture was on the .brid there was no shortcut to that. >> reporter: this image of a liberian commander would land in newspapers and magazines across the globe. and chris hondros would establish himself as one of the world's preeminent conflict photographers. >> that one particularly famous image of the government commander jumping for joy after having scored a direct hit with a rocket propelled grenade is the one that really sort of propled him to the top. >> reporter: for the nexndeight years s and his camera offered a window to some of recent history's darkest moments in places like afghanistan, iraq, egypt, and libya. he would be nominated for e pulitzer prize twice.

but the documentary "hondros" is not just a retrospective of his work, it's a portrait friendship that began in high school in fayetteville, north carolina. hondros and director greg campbell's love of journalism started together during their freshman year. ndros as photographer, campbell as a writer. >> with journalism we found sort of a real easy route to go see history as it was being made. my first trip was to bosnia during the reunification of sarajevo in 1996 and chris picked me up from the airport when i came back and his immediate question was: how did you do it? what were the steps? what hotel did you stay in? how did you figure out the car? he wanted to do this work. he believed in it with all his heart. he was pretty clear eyed about what it meant.ep >>ter: what campbell's film follows is not only the breadth of this work, but a connection between all the photographs that hondros took. >> looking from the very beginning from when first started. photographing conflicts in kosovo all the way up to the very end. chris had a particular framing

theme that he had his evidence in his entire body of work. it was always a little child a or girl who was in sharp relief against sort of an anonymous military figure in the foreground. and course you see that culminated in the series of images froafar. >> reporter: on january 18, 2005, while embedded with american forces afar, iraq, hondros would document an event that has come to help define the aftermath of the american invasion. >> i hear children's v cces inside t and i knew it was a family. the back door opened and kids just tumble out of the car, one after-- six in all. and the parents sitting in front, were riddle with bullets, were killed instantly. ly reporter: the hassan fa car had approached an american patrol. the soldiers opened fire as the car drove toward them-- the mother and the father kill in front of their children. the bullet that hit 11-year-old rakan pierced his spine. otograph hondros took of his sister five-year-old samar

hassan covered in her parents blood would be published across the world. >> of course as a human being you want to drop all of your equipment and go running and t the people that you're seeing are suffering so badly. but chris knew that his role was to publicize the events that he waseeing. >> reporter: the photos hondros took caused a public outcry. after they were published, thhi army removefrom his embed assignment. rakan was flown to boston for tr eventually he learned to walk again. but, in 20ter returning to iraq, rakan was killed by an insurgent bombing. ha reporter: i can't say there were a lot oy endings with some of the subjects of the photographs. >> you know i think it was important for us to try to convey in the film because-- because i think chris knew ver well that there were also not a lot of happy endings after he snapped the shutter on his camera. and i've heard him say several times. that's as much as journalists and photographers are recording history, it's maybe more accurate to just say that

they're recording a very narrow slice of history. and there are usually some of the most traumatic events oa person's life and i think chris really wanted to follow up with stories to try to present a wier picture of what occurred. >> reporter: in 2011, campbell received a call from hondros asking if he would like to join him on a reporting trip to libya. in the past, he had mostly refused, but in a fateful decision, this time he opted to join him. >> we were in our hotel room in benghphazi and he said tho journalism industry was overdue for a tragedy, that it had been a long time that they'd gone without sufferih a loss or dend that was true at that point. nternation photojournalism community had been extraordinarily lucky and then maybe a week and a half later chris and tim were killed

one after another. >> reporter: who do yothink is the audience is for this film? >> well i hope it's a wide audience. i think anybody, especially with the debate we're having today about the validity of our profession, the thing that i really hope sort of resonates is that there is-- there is still responsible journasts and men and women who are putting their lives on the line to convey what is actually ha those images can and should inform a conversation th should lead to discussions about policy. this is sort of what chris believed. >> reporter: "hondros" is now playing in select th in new york, los angeles and london. >> sreenivasan: the opioid icrisis continues to rathis country. according to the c.d.c,

o15rdoses kill an estimated people every day. after declaring last october th cat thesis is a "public health emergency," the white house held a summit on the topic last week. it was attended by families, advocates and administrion officials... so what has the administration done to address this emergency? to help answer at i'm joined now by katie zezima of the "washington post." what kind of progress has been made, it's been a few months t the white house said this was a public health emergency.pe >> s who you asked. the white house said they had taken steps to try to combat thispidemic which as you said is killing tens of thousands of people a year. the white house has said they have loosened rules to make it easier for people to get into treatment, they are going to come out with basically an ad campaign to let people know about how much this epidemic is affecting the united states, and allow people to tell their stories. advocates on the other hand say they really have not done that

much. cities and states still have not gotten money to help fight the crisis. advocates settled a number of the things the white house wants to do get more people into treatment, are all good things but they haven't actually seenur any mele progress yet. >> sreenivasan: the white house also says they will have p moicies on this. are any of these critiques going to be addressed by that or wt else are they proposing. >> president trump said there will be more policy in theext couple of weeks but not specify what they are. so i think that still remains to be seen.s one of the thihat they want to do and they have made some progress toward isthiftin cap on the number of people in residential treatment beds. congre actually has to change the law but the administration is asking states to apply for waivers to lift the cap so more people can get treatment. >> earlier last week attorney general jeff sessions said the department of justice wants to take part if going after some of the pharmaceutical companies. the president expressed sporr t at idea. does it make a difference? >> well, what attorney general w sessiots to do, is they

filed a mem dumb of interest in a ver, very large lawsuit that is happening out of cleveland. what that is is hundreds and hundreds of cities and towns and cotees and states and municipalities around the country have sued pharmaceutical erentnies but all have diff claims, that all of these suiteds have been enjoined in this one mammoth lawsuit in cleveland. the department of justice filed a motion of intest in this case that remains to be seen as an whether they will actually join. her thing that the attorney general did this past week is ordered the dea to look at production quoteas for opioids so that is quite a big deal, seeing how many opioids are manufactured in the united states and whether it is too high. >> the psident also made a remark at this particular event. eshe said some countay very, very tough penalty, of the ultimate penalty and tave much less of a drug problem than we do so we have to be very strong on penalties. some people interpreted that to

be t death penalty for drug deerls. >> well, the president said that there e certain countries where people pay the ultimate penalty and he also said people can get the death penalty here for killinganne person d people, he said certain drug dealers, it seems as though h was talking about who deal fentanyl can have the potentialo ill thousands of people at once. i was told by someone in the white house and this is reported by other people as well, that he saw what happened in singapore which has the best penalty forle drug drs and he was interested in that and that the white house is lookin at thi idea of possibly making trafficking large amounts of fentanyl drugs which can be very, very deadly and killtl people inst a capitol crime. >> in that meeting, and after hathat meeting, whae the communities, the people who are advocating for rorm what have they been pushing for that perhaps the white house isto listeninr not listening to on how this crisis can be rangeled. i don't even want to s it's

going to be fixed or solved any time soon. >> the thisg about this cri that is so, that makes it so difficult is that every city and every tow and really every person needs some thing differt. in terms o whether he or she wants treatment at this time and how to help that person. that is part of the reason whyd this eic has been so difficult to solve. >> katie gletina from "the washington post," joining us from washington, thanks so much. >> thank you. >> sreenivasan: finally tonight, we remember sir roger bannister, first runner to break th four minute mile barrier. while bannister isest membered for his complishments on the track, he said he is most proud of his long career a neurologist. roger bannister was 88-years- old. tomorrow on the newshour, judy woodruff sits down with twoin iring women taking a leading role shaping the future of afghanistan. that's all for this edition of pbs newshour weekend. i'm hari sreenivasan. thanks for watching. have a good night.

captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org >> pbs newshour weekend imade possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. the cheryl and philip milstein family. vue and edgar wachenheim, iii. dr. p. relos and diana t. vagelos. onhe j.p.b. foundation. the andeamily fund. rosalind p. walter barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we're your retirement company. additional support has been provided by:

and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you.

announcer: explore newew worlds and new ideas through programs like thisve made available for eone through contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thk you. announcer: next, music legend petula clark hosts an all-start reunion om the bands that made the british beat. ♪ it's the time of the season for loving ♪ ♪ wild thing ♪ you make my heart sing in travel bacime to the sixties with new live performances, reunions, and archival classics from the vault. ♪ you don't have to say you love me ♪ ♪ just be close at hand it's my music: the british beat on pbs. hello. i'm petula clark, and welcome to a pbs my music special.