captioning sponsored by cnewshour productions, ll >> brangham: good evening, i'm william brangham. judy woodruff is away. on the newshour tonight, a dream deffered-- a deadline comes ando , leaving uncertainty for the fate of hundreds of thousands of immigrants. and republican leaders break with the president on trade. then, west virginia's pu school teachers are on strike for the eighth day after legislators fail to meet their r mands. plus, working fobrighter future-- how a garment factory in el salvador is using education to empower those who are often left behind. >> i saw the american dream where lower and middle class kids can work and study at night in community colleges. for me that is a good way to give the american dream right here in el salvador. >> brangham: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour.

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>> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> brangham: president trump is

holding firm on his plan to new tariffs on steel an aluminum imports. he insisted today he's going ahead, and he warned canada and mexico not to expect exemptions, unless they renegotiate the north american free trade agreement. the president spoke as he met with israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu, in the oval office. >> we're not backing down. we are renegotiating nafta as i said i would. and if we don't make a deal, i'll termite nafta. but if i do make a deal which is fair to the workers and to the american people, that would be, i would imagine, one of the points that we'll netiate. >> brangham: meanwhile, house speaker paul ryan said through k woman today that he's "extremely worried" the tariffs could incite a trade war.d publican leaders of the house ways and means committee circulated a letter also opposing the tariffs the visit by israeli prime minister netanyahu was his first since president trump recognize jerusa the capital of israel. today, mr. trump said he mayje travel to salem in may. that's when the american embassy is to be moved from tel aviv and reopened.

the decision has alienated palestinian leads, but the president insisted there's still a "very good chance" for a peace deal. a 10-member delegation from south korea met tonight with tho leadnorth korea, in pyongyang. it's thought this is the first time that kim jong un has spoken ce-to-face with south korean officials. in washington, a pentagon spokesperson said the s "cautiously optimistic" about the talks. t humanitarian aid in months entered the besieged suburbs outside of syria's capital today. government air strikesontinued on eastern ghouta, as a u.n. convoy made its way into the rebel-held area. u.n. officiamb decried the g and shelling and said they need calm. >> ( translated ): we were mping to enter without shelling sounds because thet be respect of the cease-fire especially that this is a humanitarian convoy. we organized and negotiated twelve to sixteen hours deliver supplies. this convoy-- to offload it-- it

will take many hours so we may be out well after nightfall. >> brangham: amid the heavy shelling, the aid convoy left early, after off-loading only part of the supplies. and, war monitors reported at least 50 people were killed in the ongoing assault today. a u.s. navy aircraft carrier arrived in vietnam today, the first such visit since the end of vietnam war in 1975. the u.s.s. "carl vinson" sailed into the port of danang carrying 5,000 crew members. the five-day visit is seen as a counter to china's increasing expansion in the south china sea. the most senior vatican official charged in the catholic church's sex abuse scandal appeared intr court in aia today. australian cardinal george pell a former vatican financ minister who's been accused of sexually abusing multiplein people, goback decades.a he attended aring in melbourne on whether there's sufficient evidence to go to trial. thheing could last two weeks. pell has denied all the allegations. back in this country, the race

is on to restore power after hurricane-strength winds blasted the northeast over the weekend. nearly 440,000 homes and businesses were still in the dark tay. crews from virginia to massachusetts repaired downedne and cleared debris. they're working against the clock, because another big stor is setrike mid-week. and, on wall street, stocks shook off frid's fears of a trade war. major indexes all rose at least one percent. the dow jones industrial average gained back 336 points to close at 2874. the nasdaq rose 72 points, andd the s&p 500 ad. still to come on the newshour: a victory for populism and tr- faght in italy's national election. the political stakes of president trump's steel tariffs. a salvadorian garment factory that's offering jobs and hope in a gang-rden neighborhood, and, much more.

>> brangham: italians went to the polls yesterday inurope's latest test of the political strength of populist and right- wing parties across the continent. while angela merkel in germany and emmanuel macron in france survived that wave last year, in italy yesterday, centrist annid left-l parties were drowned by it. the two biggest winners: thepu st five star movement, and the right wing league, earned better than 50% of the ve, while the establishment political parties, those that have mostly held power in italy since world r two, lost big. special correspondent christopher livesay joins me now fromome to help us sift through the results. >> brangham: we turn now to so, chris, this seems a pretty dramatic upending of the traditional left-right parties we think of in italy. can you tell us, who came out on top, who took it on ine >> as you mentioned, populist really came out on top. the bigst amongthe populists is a relatively young party called the "five star" mement. they were born about nine years

ago. the founder was a standup comic, and they are mostly railing against political corruption and a tepid economy, high unemployment -- namey uth unemployment. over the last nine years, youth unemplment has actually go above 40% at times. it's stillh scandalously h the 30s, so that's what they were really riding on, and they've road it all the way to the head of the polls. they came out with over 30%.r the leadef their party is a young man, only 31 years old, ao ege dropout by the name of luigi di maio. he has scant political experience, but these days that's a feature and not a bug. he's seen by his followers, at least, as being unthey wanted by what they see as corrupt, traditional italn politics. but perhaps more surprising than the rise of the "five star" movement is the rise another

more radical populist party called t "league." their main platform is that they are ainst migration. in fact, they want to deport approximately 600,000 migrants who have come to italy in the last few years. so these two populist parties with ideas that many would consider to be radical edged out the traditional parties, so the center-right party of former prime minister silvio berlusconi, they did really poorly, and this probably sounds the death nail for his very lg political career. he's 81 years ol'. it hard to imagine him making a comeback now. and the outgoing ruling party, the center-left democratic party came away withless than 20%, so they took a real beating. >> brangham: give that we say merkel and macron hold bag the

immigrant tied, now we have the populist in italy. what does that mean for the rest of the continent? >> this result should real be a wakeup call, i think, to the rest of europe. i mean, the fact that this party, the "league," could really grow as much as it has in recent years is really phenomenal. it used be something a fringe party that only had a strong following in the north. so i think, you know, it's a wakeup call to the rest of europe, at ts point, absolutely. >> brangham: all right, sp ial correspondent christopher livesay, thank you so much. >> thanks for having me. >> brangham: we turn now to politics. in the fall, president trump and his administration announced the so-called daca program, which gives protection to immigrantsco brought to thitry illegally as children, would end, effective today. d but thdline has been delayed, for now. lisa desjardins has more.

>>esjardins: for dozens of protesters marching toward the u.s. capitol in supp so- called dreamers, this was not a silent deadline. >> right now! >> desjardins: but it was only a symbolic one, as tn ir issue sitsmbo. attorney general jeff sessions announced last fall the daca program would end by march unless congress acted. >> we firmly believe this is thh responsible es >>jardins: but congress has not acted, despite flurries of meetings, including one where president trump seemed to embrace compromise >> let's see if we can get somethingon >> desjardins: two days later he rejected the leading bipartisan deal. democrats tried a three-day government shutdown over the issue. the result? action. instead, the action has been in the courts. in january and february two different federal judges temporarily blocked the trump

administtion's plans, leaving daca in operation for now, while lawsuits are pending. those now sit with an appeals court, which the supreme courtti is w for, and encouraged to act expeditiously. some in congress were looking to the next funding deadline, march 23, as the next potential daca showdown. but today the senate's number two democrat, dick durbin, rtdicated this time his pa won't tie immigration to the spending bill. >> i don't think that will include these other topics. i thk that will be focused exclusively on spending. >> desjardins: in the meantime, some 21,000 previous daca recipients failed to reapply on time, and now have no status. in all, nearly 800,000 people have been in the daca program. for now, most of them safe from deportation, but not one of them knows how long that will last. for the pbs newshour, i'm lisa sjardins. >> brangham: in addition tthe otests over immigration, it was another wild day in

washington: mississii senator thad cochran said he'll resign on april 1, because of poor health. the 80-year-old republican chairs the powerfu appropriations committee. and a former trump campaign aide annohe will defy a subpoena from the special counsel in the russia probe. sam nunberg left the campaign in its early days. today, he rejected any suggestion that the trump team colluded with russia but he also said he thinks the special prosecutor may have evidence against the president. its a perfect time for politics monday with: tamarkeith of npr and susan page, washington bureau cef for "usa today." welcome to you both. >> thank you. >> brangham: so we can all agree it really was a wild day officially. ut let's go back to daca. lisa set very nicely, i think, tam, how we got to this point. where do we go from here? there is so much grassroot effort and enthusiasm to get this solved andipartisan

agreement at one point daca should be addressed. where do we go from here? >> president trump today tweeted, hey, let's make a dealh but the house is also saying the president laid out nchis four ples, the things he wants. what happened is the president met with bipartisan members of congress. he said send me with whatever you can come up with, i'll sign it. next thing you know, he is saying, actually, i have these four principles, i need these four things anth withoute four things, i won't do it. the senate voted on the president's principles and, of all the things the sen on a few weeks ago related to immigration, that got the lst support. it had something like 39 yes votes. ithad a majority who opposed it including republicans. so it's not clear where it goes from here and, without that really firm, pressing deadline, cong ss just doesn'tve quickly. >> brangham: susan, yng were saefore that, when it

comes to immigration, we've seen this mie before. >> that's right. we saw president george w. bush pursue animmigration package, then president obama did, and president trump said he wanted to pursue one. fact is when the senate was moving toward a bipaisan deal, the president undercut that movement by tying new limits oni legaigration to the effort to protect the so-called dreamers. the fact is ther is a national consensus the dreamershould be allowed to stay legally in this country. there's no political in washington. the country's made a judgment on this. in that way it's like a guns debate. you take a poll, americans agree on this by a pretty sizable number, it's just washington can't seem t make a deal. >> brangham: the point susan mentions, onhe issue of guns, we saw the president last week following the parkland shootings say he brought a bunch of bipartisan group of lawmakers together, indicated he wanted to have an omnibus police of gun control legislation, hardened schoolsers and meets with the

n.r.a. and now seems like in the sete and congressthing will happen. what happened to that momentum? >> i think we learned when president trump has a big bipartisan meeting of memrs of congress that's televised it's like throwing spaghetti against a wall awhat the president says isn't necessarily what he believes or what he's going to. push f the president has shown with both of those -- in both thoses cases that hot actually willing to expend political capital to make the deal. >> it's always safe toote against action especially when it comes to limits on guns. the one thing that might shake up the paralysis are the marchs the students are leading on march 24. the quesdon we've ha is is this a moment that terrifies politicians enough that thacey ally pass something that americans -- i mean, support for universal background checks or limits on assault weapons e all but universal in this country.

majorities of big gun owners support them. so i wonder if these very articulate students with their heartbreaking stories about what happened at their schools might move this debate at >> brangham: we'll obviously watch how that one goes. tam, we saw today a cleavewi in the g.o.p. over president trump's tariffs on steeld aluminum. he came out forcefully several days tweeting why he thinks it's important to do, but with the g.o.p. all the way up to paul ryan are saying, no, tariffs are a bad idea how do we resolve that? >> president trump has driven aw wedghin his own party which is a relatively aggressive thing to do. he talks like a populist and has been governing like an establishment replican. here's a case where he has been literally saying the same things ability trade and america getting a bad deal for, like, 30 you know, guns, immigration,

taxes, there's nothing he believmore fundamentally in his core that he has been more consistent on than this trade issue, and now, all of a sudden, he's being told by members of his own par and members of his own administration, no, this is not a great idea,o you can't this. the president clearly doesn't want to hear that. >> susan, we have a couple of these little elections coming up. we've got texlias, is, pennsylvania, al possibly dioferent little barometers how the president is doing, how much his message isat resg or being used to support democrats. democrats think they are riding an enormous blue wave. whawhat does your reporting tel? >> there are red flags for republicans everywhere and i don't mean because it looksood for the republican party, i mean season of trouble. the pennsylvania special house election next week, it's a district president trump carried by 19 percentage points. .t is really tied up n it's enteral possible that a

democrat will win. you look at texas ich has its primary tomorrow. they have concluded early voting. if you lo at the early voting, early voting by republicans is up by early voting by democrats is up 24%. that is a sign of energy and enthusiasm among democrats, even in a state like texas,as which not elected a democrat statewide almost in a quarter of a century. >> brangham: blue wave coming? another sign of enthusiasm, democrats in texas have fielded candidates in every single congressional district. >>n brangham: texas. first time in 25 years. this is happening not just in texas but all the over the country, that ts distr where democrats typically haven't tried to play, they are now play, so if there is a wave and it's more like a sue namey, we'll be learning about democrats we never knew existed. >> brangham: susan page, tamera keith, thank you very much >> thank you

>> brangham: stay with us, coming up on the newshour, west virginia teachers strike statewide for the eighth straight day. two afghan women leading the charge to get more women involved in public service. and a ll for inclusion at the 90th academy awards. but first, combining school andl work to a brighter future for employees and their communities. in his final report fr el salvador, fred de sam lazaro visits a garment factory thats hirkers who are normally left out of society, including ex-gang members. p itt of fred's series "agents for change." ou reporter: 50,000 t-shirts and sweatshirts buzz t the sewing machines in this factory every ek, bearing the seals and mascots of some 1600 u.s. universities: princeton, michigan, kenyon college. each one, it seems, a remier to general manager rodrigo bolanos of what el salvador

desperately needs. >> if you have an educated population, you can do something with the country. >> reporter: and you don't right now? >> 70% of the population have not finished school. reporter: it's one consequence of the brutal civil war in the 1980s from which el salvador has never recovered. 75,000 people died, many more were displaced. many migrated to the u.s., and k many of those deported bre have been responsible for escalating gang violence that has given this country the world's highest homicide rate. >> we are one ofhe few being left behind. we have to unite as a country and put a plan together just the way we're doing it here.m rking with the community to make sure all kids end up in college. we offer english every half hour. >> reporter: about a fifth of

the 550 workers at this league sportswear factory are high school dropouts. a gap in their education that bolanos demands they fix, if they want to keep their jobs.et failure toheir high school equivalency degree draws a stern lecte, and a not too subtle threat. >> if you don't study, this is not the place for you. you have epto study. >>ter: bolanos often brings back those he's fired, if they make a new commitment to study. people deserve a second chance, says, or a first. his workforce is a cross section of the unlikeliest hires for a factory job in el salvador. >> ( translated ): in this country, it's hard to find a job, especially when youtyave a disabi nobody will hire you. >> reporter: 27-year old tancisco escalante is amo dozen disabled workers here. blind since he was a eight years old, escalante works in the quality control lab.

his fingers, sensitized by neading braille, are ideally suited to detect ay impeection in the millions o feet of fabric. >> ( translated ): the cloth has to be as smooth as possible. there are five different categories that i have to check in order to cloth is up to standard.or >> rr: another category of workers are former gang members, identifiable by their trademark e ttoos, and unemployable in most places becaus them. 39-year-old carlos arguetta says he was a leader in the notorious m.s.-13 gang, but gave up gang .ife when he joined an evangelical church he told me that when he heard league outfitters was hiring, hr hid his ate body art for the job intervw. >> ( translated ): mr. bolanos said "why are you dressed with long sleeves? do you have tattoos?" and i said "yes" and he said, "don't worry about that anymore. that's your past. now you have to start thifuing about your re."

>> reporter: arguetta now works security during the da takes intensive english classes in the plant at night. he dreams that someday he'll own his own business. but for now, he's grateful for the job he has. >> ( translated if i didn't have a job like this one, i'd probably still be part of the gang and be doing killings. i want to send the message that we need these kind of opportunities.pr we neeention programs. that's what this country needs. >> reporter: another former gang member, oswaldo henriquez, was with a rival group, th street gang. >> ( translated ): i cernot tell you i'd be if i hadn't gotten the chance to work here. >> reporter: he is now in hisco year of college, studying mechanical engineering. the two-year college is located inside the factory walls and is affiliated with the university of don bos.

bolanos ys he got the idea while in houston, where he studied engineering >> i saw the american dream ere lower and middle cla kids can work and study at night in community colleges. for me that is a good give the american dream right here in el salvador to all these poor people. >> reporter: four years ago, bolanos created a new pipelinees to get emplonto this unusual garment factory colleget med up with a nearby school, promising every student who graduates a job in the factory by day, and e by night. the idea is to give these young people an incentive to finishin high schooead of dropping out and joining a gang.at heir school, heavily armed soldiers patrol to keep gang recruiters at bay. principal davidos sandoval says the partnership with leagu outfitters has transformed the school

>> ( translated ): before we had the relationship, we had a 36% dropout rate. and now nobody drops out. league gives the students an opportunity to keep dreaming about their future. reporter: rodrigo bolanos keeps dreaming as well. he's begun several start-up companies within the garment factory to tap the higher skills being acquired by his newly college-educated workers. >> he used to work on the floor as a sewer. now he's repairing boards. >> reporter: if el salvador is to join the 21st century economy, he says, it needs to create 21st century jobs, and provide them to a citizens. for the pbs newshour, i'm fred de sam lazaro in ciudad arce, el salvador. >> brangham: fd's reporting is a partnership with the under-told stories project at the university of st. thomas in minnesota.

>> brangham: public school teachers in west virginia are on strike for the eighthut conse day. schools in all of the state's 55 counties remain closed to re than a quarter million students. teachers, who are about 20,000 strong, say they're striking for better working conditions, better health insu increased pay. they are among the lowest paid teachers in the country with an average salary of about $45,000. last week, republican governor jijustice approved a 5% pa raise for teachers, which passed bue state house. that measure didn't make it past the state senate, prompting teachers to stay on the picket line into today. for the latest on is strike, i'm joined by ryan quinn of the "charleston gazette-mail." ryan quinn, thank you very much for being here. can you lay out rou what are the issues at stake here for the teachers? >> theiggest one is their health insurance coverage, public employees insurance

agencycoverage. they want benefit cuts and insurance premium increases to stop, and they want long-term funding proises t prevent those in the future, although they seem to be happy at this time with the governor's task force to actually work on those into the future. secondarily is pay. they have -- they want this pay increase that the governor has proposed and that the house of delegates have passed of 5% fors neool year to actually go through. that would equal about a $2,000 raise for teachers for next school year then they also don't want other bills to pass that they oppose, like ones that would make it more difficult to divert their paychecks to pay union dues and ones downplaying the role of seniority and layoff and transfers, they want those all to disappear. seems like that's going to

happen. >> brangham: i know y're in the stat state cap ste capitol e growing so big inside andse outside they cthe building for safety fears. with this much tension and passion, how do you see this playing out? >> it's tough to te. the senate was met by -- we have 55 counties in west virginia, school systems' border are sontiguous with the counties each has one superintendent. over 40 county superintendents came tothe capitol friday, told the senate president that we're going to have a really toughti actually getting ourer works back into schools and, ereby, getting students back into schools unless you pass this 5% y raise for next school year, and the senate president has not yet actually acquiesced to that demand, and the strike continues, and it's

now tied our last teacher strike, 1990, and it's up toho eight days now and it looks like it's going to don't contestant torrow if action isn't taken and that will break the record. >> brangham: do thers teac have the public support? i can imagine there are a lot of working parents in west virginia who, while they may support better pay and benefits, have have kids theyant to get back into school. do they have public support for this? >>t.t seems like i've gotten some calls from dangry parents, i've seen some postson social media. but consistently, we have county school systemst are refusing to take legal action to try to stop the strike. it's generally agreed, although it's only been tested i think once previously in court thatsc publicol employees don't actually have the right to

strike, yet you don't willacy county school systems -- you don't see unty school systems or the department of education or anyone else taking legal tion to get them back into classrooms. so the it -- it see the county school systems will continue as they have in the past the next fews. d >> brangham: ryan quinn of the charleston t gazette-maink you so much. >> thank you. >> brangham: much of the news from afghanistan is about war-- endless war between the government and taliban militants. attacks in kabul happen almost weekly, but even after years of fighting, efforts to rebuild continue. recently, a delegation of afghan women leaders visited washington and we wanted to talk with some of them about what life is like for them in their country. this conversation took place before afghan president ashraf ghani offered to bring the

taliban directly into the political process. judy woodruff spoke with two of these women: shaharzad akbar is nior advisor to president ghani. before that she was country director for tfo open society dation. mu-qaddesa yourish is a member of afghanistan's civil service commission. prior to that she was director of human resources for the city of kabul >> woodruff: shaharzad akbar, mu-qaddesaeurish, welcome to the program. shaharzad akbar, people think of ghan as a country in the middle of a war. is it not consumed with fighting? >> it's an important part of reality but it's not the whole of our. reali it's also a country that's undergoing generational shift in leadership, it's also a country th's undergoing widespread social and cultural changre gender normsbeing discussed. what does it mean to be an afghan in a modern world? this is a part of aus dion.

thousands of people are pursuing higher education. millions ofchildren are graduating from schools so it's much broader than that. >> woodruff: why are you trying to get more women involved in public service, in visible public service jobs? >> it matters greatly to improving the life of everyone in afghanistan, i think, to have women in public service, particularly in the lives of women. when we are around the table ann presenhe room, the discussions include women, thesi discs include women's well being, the availability of services to women and the specific needs of women. we have well educated, deperienced competent women in afghanistan whorve to be in the afghan government and in the decision-making processes, and our government needs that expertise desperately. >> woodruff: muqaddesa

yourish, how do you persuade women when they have questions? >> i talk about the fact that the government of afghanistan is very open to giving women equal opportunities to be part of the government and, at the same time, a my role as commissioner in the civil service commission, we have continuously been trying to make sure we have policies such as s woety policies and also measures such as career coaching center for women tomake sure that we provide an enabling environment for women to fee safe in the workplace and also to come forward and join the civil service. >> woodrf: so that is a concern that many afghan women have?ti >> traally, you know, there's a strong disbelief about a woman's credility and als being in the government. so i think a big part of what you are doing in the civil service commission in terms of making sure that we provide the enabling environment f to be in the government feeds into the bigger picture of making sure that we fight with

the credibility that exists for women. >> woodruff: shaharzad akbar,ch how o you have to overcome what men think of women and what theirrole should be? >> there's a lot to overcome about people's perception, both men and women, in somei cases. have constantly walked into rooms full of men, i sit in meetings, and the first few weeks, when i had assumed my, positilot of people looked at me and thought, okay, government wants to look diverse, they have just brought a young woman here, she probably is not qualified for this so that was the assumption. changing that assumption, building relationships, having a voice on political issues, all of this takes a lot of daily courvee, i think, and time i spoke up initially, i was hesitant, and voice would shake. i ewould be worried about people's judgment, my colleague's judgment, but slowly i have started to build a network of suppor with other women in the government.

that is also very iortant, women in the civil side all support each other and give each other tips, but also male colleagues view you differently when they see your works. >> woodruff: i was going to say some of these things happen to women everywhere, not just afghanistan. muqaddesa yourish, are there parts of afghanistan where you can go an openly recruit and parts you cannot? we know the taliban stillolds a great deal of influence in your country. >> there are conflicted areas where sometimes the government has control of the area and other times the taliban, and we call them -- whenever they're under the control of theca taliban, we them the unaccessible vidistricts and ages. i wouldn't say it's at theal provinevel but obviously at the village or district level. >> woodruff: sharharzad akbar, how do you think the work you are doing maychange your country? >> it's difficult living in --

working in kabul. it's a city that's constantly attacked and some attacks leave you wounded and angry and also in a state of despair. then lookaround me at things that give me hope. the generation of women younger than me areore assertive, more esnfident and have a lot of dreams for refu i see my colleagues in government and i see we are developing a common language on development and politics. we are redevining our vision of afghanistan. we are more interested in politics of values than e religion. i w the government is being reformed from within and it's becoming about service rather than power. when i see this, it gives me hope and inspir me every day. >> woodruff: muqaddesa yourish, finally, education. how much depends on young women being able to get a good education and is ecation able everywhere to women? >> we definitely have had advances when it come education for girls and women in

the past 17 years. we have more and more families who are willing to send their girls to school and very recently we announced 17,000 several service vacancies3, and 0 of them are specific vacancies for women teachers. >> woodruff: it adds up to a lot of ngpotential c and a lot of change right now, and certainly is other dimension to your country. thank you very much for being with us, muqaddesa yourish and shaharzad akbar. we appreciate it. >> thank you for having us. >> brangham: in the wake of the "mtoo" and "time's up" movements, last night's academy awards had a very different vibe from the past. presenters and host mmy kimmel spoke about changing the culture of the business, and pushing to make the industry far more inclusive both in front of, and behind, the camera. jeffrey brown looks particular call for action.st

>> brown: king moment came when frances mcdormand accepted the oscar for best actress, for her performance in "three billboards outside ebbing, missouri." she told the audience she had "some things to say," and then put the focus directly on the issue of inclusion and disparities in hollywood. here's part of her speech. >> if i may be so honored to have all the female nominees in every category stand with me in this room tonight, the actors-- meryl, if you do it, everybody else will, come on. the filmmakers, the producers, the direors, the writers, the cinematographer, the composers, the songwriters, the designers. come on! ( cheers and applause ) okay, look around everybody. look a gentlemen, because we all have

stories to tell and projects we need financed. don't talk to us about it at the parties tonight. invite us into your office in a couple days, or you ca to ours, whatever suits you best, and we'll tell you all about them. i have two words to leave with you tonight, ladies and gentlemen: "inclusion rir." ( cheers and applause ) >> brown: two words. but many were left wondering what they mean. my guest is credited with inventing the idea of the inclusion rider. sty smith is founder of th annenberg inclusion initiative at the university of southern california, where she's released regular reports on the representation of women and others in film. she joins me now from los angeles. so, stacy smith, welcome to you. i gather youere as surprised as anybody by that. what exactly is an inclusion

rider. >> indeed, i was shocked. an including rider is really straightforward. it's a stipulation in an actor or contentctcreator's cont that says there will be target inclusion goals on screen for diversity in terms of gender, race ethnicitylgbt and people with disabilities and behind the camera, below the lin that good faith efforts and interviewing will consider women and people of color in key geat caping positions. >> brown: it's not affecting idleading roles but the is lead actors or directors have the clout to get this done? >> absolutely. we wanted to respect story nssovereign at the ande that the creative process could thrive. we also don't stipulate for an historical piece that inclusion goals on screen have to be met. for historical dramas, they can cast based on what might entail for the period or for the story that's tryi to be told. but for stories that represent

present day and take place in cities like los angeles, new york, chicago, the storyli should loo the world in which we live, and that has not been the case inad d in hollywood. >hollywood. >> brown: oku have been g at this lack of inclusion in hollywood for a long time. what's the nature of the bias that you see that this would address? >> well, there's not just one bias when it comes to hiring in hollywood, but i think that the inclusion rider at its outset was really trying to tackle implicit bias, ay audition -- in the auditioning and casting n ocess. ofu would see a script and somebody might have firefighter, police officer, plumber, and automatically that raises a perception o a thought that it should be filled by a male. soeally counter those occupational biases or those role biases, you need guidelines to help casting directors slow down and be thohtful and really consider broadly the talent that can fill different positions thaare oftentimes

very minor in films but are important in terms of building a pipeline of talent. >> brown: frances mcdormand herself last night said she just learned about this rider. is the rider in use now? are there examples where people have used it? >> wl, i think, informally, many times, actors haveed negotihrough their representatives with different production teams or studios about what they value we took it a step forward. we conquertized the language and put in language and given the language to multi-million individuals who are prestigious when it comes to acting careers and met with enter attorneys an acts across the industry. so it has been in used and had i inown this was c i would have reached out to get permission to talk about the people who have used the rider, but i'm hoping we can circle

back very soon and let you know just how many and how often it's in p ece and thehatic it's had on storytelling inil >> brown: clearly got a lot of attention last night. what's the reaion since and how hard will it be to implement in a larger scale? >> well, the reaction has been absolutely amazing. there is so much visibility now in the press on this issue and that this tool can be used by actors and content creators, a it's really easy for this to be adopted by t agencies,put it in the hands of every single one of their clients and k if they would like inclusion criteria in their contract negotiations for all their upcoming projects.me so impation is easy. this is about just having people say yes across the institutional stakeholders that have typically said no whent comes to decision-making in hollywood. >> brown: stacy smith, thank

you very much. >> thank you. >> brangham: and we'll be back shortly with a perspective on how race can affect self- confidence. but first, take a moment to hear from your local pbs station. it's a chance to offer your support, which helps keep programs like ours on the air. >> brangham: for those stations still with us, we take a second look at a scientific study that reinforces that old saw that dogs are a man's best friend. researchers in sweden say dog owners live longer lives. their work shows that, of people who live alone, those ve a dog, have a 36% chance of living longer than those who don't have a pet. malcolm brabant begins his report from uppsala, north of stockholm. this report originally aired in january.

>> reporter: tove fall practices wh she preaches. she's got a dog called vega. an epidemiologist,he's an expert in disease and public health, who's just conducted at's claimed to be the biggest-ever study of its kind, matching t health records of a third of the swedish population with dog ownership data. >> what we see in this really large study, where we look at nearly 3.4 million people for 12 years, we see clear evidenc that dog owners live longer. >> reporter: vega's owner hasen conf in her findings because of the magnitude of the sample size, usinghe identification system that tracks every swede's lifelong interaction with state institutions. >> it's really accuratin terms of that we know the date of hospitalizations, cardiovascular disease, we know the date of birth of t dog, and so on. >> reporter: the center for disease control says heart ngdisease is america's lea cause of death. fall's prescription? there ain't nothing like a hound

dog.wn >> dogs do much more physical exercise. when it's dark and grey here in sweden, or rainy, the only people you see outside are w peoph dogs. so, and you know that physical acfvity is good for a lot o different health outcomes. >> reporter: so can dogs delay your exit? there ardoubting voices from across the north sea. sit, good boy. sit. sit. according to a newtudy, called "all creatures great and small," just published in the "british medical journal," owning a pet doesot help you stay young. the study by scientists from university college, london, looked at nearly 9,000 adults with an average age of 67, and found that pet ownership made no difference, in tests on key eemarkers such as walking lung function, grip strength, memory and depression.

goodoy. the authors did concede, however, that walking a dog cod help weight and cardiovascular problems. the british scientists also said dog owners were more likely to be in poorer health and lonely. but tove fall's findings for single people with dogs, using a substantially bigger database, were completely different. she says their mortality rates hore improved by 36%. this rang true witless people being helped on a december day by volunteers in penhagen. with winter beginninto bite, an animal charity was doing brisk business. >> we are an animal shelter. we want to care for the dogs, but we also know tt these people, a lot of them, it's their best friend, it's their only companion. so helping the doghelps the people. and one thing we always find is that these dogs are reell cared for.

they are the priority of these people. >> reporter: and lee believes the dogs are life savers. >> t dogs are their soul mat they are the reason they get up in the morning, their way of keeping warm here in the winter time, especially in northern climates like denmark. and i think they're the reason for them being alive. >> reporter: kim hasselstrom isn't asking for a free hotdog for himself. he wants it for mollie, his canine companion, whom he credits for saving him from suicide during darker periods livi rough. >> i have ly mollie. i'm living in the street.lo i se my family. so mollie is 95% of my life. every day, i'm maybe not happy. look at that dog one time, then you're happy. the dog is always happy. if you don't like such a little dog when it comes to you, then you don't like anything.or

>> repr: 200 miles away, at one of denmark's leading neuro centers, the benefitof dogs in human health care are being assessed and promoted. a blida,icelandic sheepdog, is about to try to help a brain damaged patient. project manager galina plesner. >> the dogs, they can actually provide extra motivation to do the therapy, to do the mements that patients are required to make.or >> rter: blida lives up to the translation of her icelandic name. it means gentle. her patient today is 72-year-old eric, who's been crippled by a brain hemorrhage. a tracheotomy means he can't speak. he's bed-ridden, and he's is receiving therapy to try to regain basic motor skills. the staff hope the dog can enhance his progress. the gentle one is keen to get to work, and it looks like the feeling is mutual. >> when u go into rehabilitation like this, you've suffered a trauma, and you need to get back on track into life. and therapy has to do with training everyday movements.

>> reporter: eric is working to rewa the sheepdog by fitting small treats into the game. >> for some patients, the dogs willotivate them to maybe wo a little bit longer, and it's a bit more fun than being in a therapeutic kitchen or aierapeutic bathroom to trn the movementquthat you're ired to do. >> dogs are non-judgmental. so when you have a patient who'u ered a trauma, for example, or an old person who has dementia. they will know that there are requirements in the environmenti that they can've up to. hod dogs they don't have t requirements, and its intuitively recognized that you don't have to live up to anything with a dog. >> reporter: this foundation wants to expand the number of rehabilitation programs involving dogs.ba ck in sweden, vega's owner is planning new research to determine whether dogs can benefit huns in other ways.

this is a time of year when arousands of puppies, given as presents, are did by their new owners. this swedish study would suggest they are rejecting the gift of health. for the pbs newshour, i'm malcolm brabant in scandinavia. >> brangham: it is easier said than done to ignore what others think about you. morgan jenkins is an acclaimed writer who speaksix languages. tonight, she offers her humble opinion on overcoming what's called "imposter syndrome." was in the eighth grade when my intelligence was questioned for the first time. every weekeach student in my social studies class would have to present a topic and if the teacher thought that that student didn't know the meaning of a word, you would have to define it. my words were "formulate" and" enigmatic." not too long afterwards, that

same teacher accused me of cheating to myarents. my film studies teacher told me that i would never be a director and that it was best for me to do more behind-the-scenes work. my high scho guidance counselor attempted to steer me away from the ivies andmm suggested ity college instead because she assumed that my parents wouldn't be able to afford it. all of these teachers were white. in a 2016 study conducted by researchers at johns hopki university and american university, it was revealed that white teachers expect less academic success than blackte hers expect from the same black students. a white teacher is 30% less likely to think a black student will graduate from a four-year college and is 40% lkely to think that a black student will graduate from high school. so why am i bringing this up now, with high school behind me? have you ever heard of the ter"" impostdrome"? imposter syndrome is the ability to absorb one's accomplishments and the persistent fear that one will be exposed as a fraud.

i feel it now even when i'm writing for prestigiou publications; even after i got a book deal from a top publishing house. i kept wondering why. w n't until this moment though, that i realized how much of that difficulty to believe in myself came from childhood, particularly those experiences with those teachers who tried to derail my growth. had written off those experiences as being normal for a black girl and besides, if i had spoken up, i thought i would be seen as troublesome. but 's not normal. we have to see it for it is. for black girls and women out there who have had tir abilities questioned and in turn have doubted themselves even when they have accomplished great things, there is a reason: other people do not expect greatness from you and therefore, they don't want you to expect it either. you've earned everything you worked hard for. but it's also beneficial to acknowledge the roots, thees memohat fueled this doubt, memories that tell you: you're not good enough.

but you are good enough. more than enough. you are. >> brangham: on the newshour online right now, the next book in our newshour/"new york times" book club "now read this" is the novel "exit west" by mohsin hamid. if you're reading along, you can find discussion questions and learn more about theook club on our web site, pbs.org/newshour. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm wiiam brangham. join us online and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you an night. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, technology, and improved economic performance and fi incial literathe 21st century.

>> supported by the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation. committed to building a more just, verdant ldd peaceful wo more information at macfound.org >> and with the ongoing supprt of tse institutions >> this program was made fossible by the corporatio public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by bh media access group at access.wgbh.org

elyse: we're the histor'rdetectives, and e going to investigate some untold stories from america's past. gwendolyn: this week, is this faded $6 bill america's first declaration of independence? tukufu: he was never in england during the war, so why is roosevelt's signature on this bill dated "london, 1942"? elyse: anwas this pin forged from the liberty bell in an effort to heal the wounds of thcivil war? elvis costello: ♪ watchin' the detectives ♪ i get so angry when the teardrops start ♪ ♪ but he can't be w hnded 'cause he's rt ♪