captioning sponsored by newshour productns, llc >> brangham: good evening, i'm judy woodruff is away. on the newshour tonight, a dream deffered-- a deadline comes and goes, leaving uncertainty for the fate of hundreds o thousands of immigrants. and republican leaders break with the president on trade. then, west virginia's public school teachers are on strike for the eighth day after legislators fail to meet their demands. plus, rking for a brighter future-- how a garment factoryor in el salvs using education to empower those who are often left behind. >> i saw the american dream where lower and middle class kids can work and study at night in community colleges. for me that is a good way to give the american dream righthe in el salvador. >> brangham: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour.

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>> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: and individuals. this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> brangham: presidentg rump is

holdrm on his plan to impose new tariffs on steel and aluminum imports.y he insisted to's going ahead, and he warned canada and mexico not to expect exemptions, unless they renegotiate the north american free trade agreement. the president spoke as he met with israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahufiin the oval . n we're not backing down. we are renegotiatita as i said i would. and if we don't make a deal, i'll terminate nafta. but if i do make a deal which is fair to the workers and to the american people, that would be, i would imagine, one of the points that we'll negotiate. >> brangham: meanwhile, house ateaker paul ryan said through a spokeswoman today e's "extremely worried" the tariffs could incite a trade war. and republican leaders of the house ways and means committee circulated a letter also opposing the tariffs. the visit by israeli p minister netanyahu was his first since president trump recognized fjerusalem as the capital israel. today, mr. trump said he may .avel to jerusalem in may that's when thamerican embassy is to be moved from tel aviv and reopen.

the decision has alienated palestinian leaders, but the president insisted there's still a "very good chance" for a peace deal. a 10-member delegation from south korea met tonight with the leader of north korea, in pyongyang. it's thought this is the first time that kim jong un has spoke face-to-face wuth korean officials. in washington, a pentagon spokesperson s"cd the u.s. is tiously optimistic" about the talks. the first humanitarian aid in months entered the besieged suburbs outside of syria's capital today. governmentir strikes continued on eastern ghouta, as a u.n. convoy made its way into thebe reheld area. u.n. officials decried theng bombing and shnd said they need calm. >> ( translated ): we were hoping to enter without shelling sounds bause there must be respect of the cease-fire especially that this is a humanitarian convoy. we organized and negotiated twelve to sixtn hours to deliver supplies. this convoy-- to offload it-- il

ake many hours so we may be out well after nightfall. >> brangham: amid the heavy dielling, the aid convoy left early, after off-l only part of the supplies. and, war monitors reported at least 50 people were killed in the ongoing assault today. a u.s. navy aircraft carrier arrived in vietnam today, the v first suit since the end of vietnam war in 1975. the u.s.s. "carl vinson" sailed into the port of danang carrying 5,000 crew members. the five-day visit is seen as a counter to china's increasing expansion in the south china se the most senior vatican official charged in the catholic chur's sex abuse scandal appeared in geurt in australia today. australian cardinage pell is a former vatican finance minister who's been accused of sexually abusing multiple pele, going back decades. attended a hearing in melbourne on whether there's sufficient evidence to go to trial. thheing could last two weeks. pell has denied all the allegations. back in this country, the race

is on to restore power after hurricane-strengthinds blasted the northeast over the weekend. nearly 440,000 homesnd businesses were still in the dark today. crews from virginia to massachusetts repaired downed lines and cleared debris. they're working against e clock, because another big storm is set to strike mid-week. and, on wall street, stocks shook off friday's fears of a trade war. major indexes all rose at least one percent. the dow jones industrial average gaeed back 336 points to cl at 24,874. r the nasde 72 points, and the s&p 500 added 29. still to come on the newshour: a victory for populism and the far-right in italy's national election. the political stakes oft presidump's steel tariffs. a salvadorian garment factory at's offering jobs and hope in a gang-ridden neighborhood, and, much more.

>> brangham: italians went to the polls yesterday in europe's latest test of the political strength of populist and right- wing parties across the continent. while angela merkel in germany and emmanuel macron in franceha survivedwave last year, in italy yesterday, centrist and left-leaning parties were drowned by it. the two biggest winners: the populist five star movement, and the right wing lgue, earned better than 50% of the vote, while the establishment political parties, those that have mostly held power in italy since world war two, lost big. special correspondent christopher livesay joins me now from rome to help us sift through the results. >> brangham: we turn now to so, chris, this seems a pretty dramatic upending of the traditional left-right parties we think of in. ita can you tell us, who came out on top, who took it on the chin? >> as you mentioned, populist really came out on top. the biggest amg the populists is a relatively young party called the "five star" movement. they were born about nine years

ago. the founder was a standup comic, and they are mostly railing againstolical corruption and a tepid economy, high unemployment -- namely youth unemployment. over the last nine years, youth unemployment has aually gone above 40% at times. it's still scandalously high in the 30s, so that's what they were really riding on,nd they've road it all the way to wie head of the polls. they came out over 30%. the leader of r party is a young man, only 31 years old, ar collegeout by the name of luigi di maio. he has scant political experience, but these days that's a feature and not a bug. he's seen by his followers, at byst, as being unthey wante what they see as corrupt,ad ional italian politics. but perhaps more surprising than the rise of the "five star" movement is the rise of another more radical populist party

called the "league." their main platform is that they are againstigtion. in fact, they want to deport approximately 600,000 migrants who have come to italy in the last fe years. so these two populist parties with ideas that many would consider to be radical edged oun the tradi parties, so the center-right party of former prime minister silvio berlusconi, they d really poorly, and this probably sounds the death nail for his very long political career. he's 81 years ol'. it's hard to imagine him making a comeback now. and the outgoing ruling pty, the center-left democratic party came away with less than 20%, so they took a real beating. >> brangham: give that we say merkel and macron hold bag the

immigrant tied, now we have the populist in italy.t what does t mean for the rest of the continent? >> this result should really bek ap call, i think, to the rest of europe. i mean, the fact that this part the "league," could really grow as much as it has in recent years is really phenomenal. it used to be something of a fringe party that only had afo strongowing in the north. so i think, you know, it's a wakeup call to the rest of europe, at this point, absolutely. >> brangham: all right, special corresponrnt christophe livesay, thank you so much. >>hanks for having me. >> brangham: we turn now to politics. in the fall, president trump and his administration announcda the so-calle program, which gives protection to immigrants brought to this country illegally as children, would end, effective today. but that deadline has been delayed, for now. sa desjardins has more.

>> desjardins: for dozots of ters marching toward the u.s. capitol in support of so- called dreamers, this was not a silent deadline.>> ight now! >> desjardins: but it was only a symbolic one, as their issue sits in limbo. attoey general jeff sessions announced last fall the daca program would end by march 5 unless congress acted. >> we firmly believe this is the responsible path. >> desjardins: but cess has not acted, despite flurries of meetings, cluding one where president trump seemed to embrace compromise >> let's see if we can get something>> done. esjardins: two days later he rejected the leading bipartisan deal.tr democratd a three-day government shutdown over the issue. the result? no action. instead, the action has been in the courts. in january and february two different federal judges temporarily blocked the trump administration's plans, leing

daca in operation for now, while lawsuits are pending. those now sit with an appealsco t, which the supreme court is waiting for, and encouraged to act expeditiously. some in congress were looking to the next funding dea march 23, as the next potential daca showdown. but today the senate's numberat two democr, dick durbin, indicated this timhis party won't tie immigration to the spending bill. >> i don't think that will include these other topics. i think that will bedocuse exclusively on spending. >> desjardins: in the meantime, some 21,000 previous daca recipients failed to read ly on time, w have no status. in all, nearly 800,000 people have been in the daca program. for now, most of them safe from deportation, but not one of thea knows how longt will last. for the pbs newshour, i'm lisa desjardins. >> brangham: in addition to the protests over immigration, it was anothewild day in

washington: mississippi senator thad cochran said he'll resign on april 1, because of poor health. the 80-year-old republican chairs the powerful appropriations committee. and a former trump campaign aide announced he will defy a subpoena from the special counsel in the russia probe.sa nunberg left the campaign in its early days. today, he rejected any suggestion that the trump team colluded with russia. but he also said he thinks the special prosecutor may have evidence against the president.i its a perfec for politics monday with: tamara keith of npr and susan page, washington bureau chief for "usa today." welcome to you both. >> thank you. >> brangham: so we can all agree it really was a wild day., official but let's go back to daca. lisa s up very nicely, i think, tam, how we got to thi point. where do we go from here? there is so much grassroots effort and enthusiasm to get thisedsond bipartisan

agreement at one point daca should be addressed. where do we go from here? >> president trump today tweeted, hey, let's make a deal, but the white house io saying the president laid out his four principles, t things he wants. what happened is the president met wiipthtisan members of congress. he said send me with whatever signcan come up with, i'll i next thing you know, he is saying, actually, i have these four priiples, i need these four things and without these four things, i won't do it. the senate voted on the president's principles and, of all the things the senate voted ona few weeks ago related to immigration, that got the leastp t. it had something like 39 yes votes. it had ari ma who opposed it including republicans. so it's not clear where it goes from here and, without that really firm, pressing deadline, congress just doesn't move quickly. w brangham: susan, you were saying before than it comes to immigration, we've seen

this movie before. >> that'sght. we saw president george w. bush pursue an immigration packag then president obama did, and president trump said he wanted to pursue one. ct is when the senateas moving toward a bipartisan deal, the president undercut that vement byying new limits on helegal immigration to teffort to protect the so-called dreamers. the fact is theres a national consensus the eamers should be allowed to stay legally in this country. there's no political consensus in washington. the country's made a judgment on this. in that way it's like a guns llbate. you take a americans agree on this by a pretty sizable number, it's just washington cat seem to make a deal. >> brangham: the point susan mentions, on the issue of gun we saw the president last week following the parkland shootings say he brought a bunch of bipartisan group of lawmakers together, indicated he wanted to have an omnibus police of gun control legislation, hardene schoolsers and meets with the n.r.a. and now seems like in the

senate and congress nothing will happen. what happened to that momentum? >> i think w learned when president trump has a big bipartisan meeting of members of congress that's televised it's like throwing spaghetti against aall and what the president says isn't necessarily what he believes or what he's going to push for. the president has shown with both of those -- in both those casethat he's not actually willing to expend political capital to make the deal. >> it's always safe to vote against action especially wheno it comes tmits on guns. the one thing that might shake up the paralysis are the marchs e students are leading on march 24. the question we've had is is this a moment that terrifies politicians enough that they actually pass something that-- american mean, support for universal background checks or limits on assault weapons arel but universal in this country.

majorities of big gun ownersth suppor. so i wonder if these very articulate students with their heartbreaking stories about what happened at their schools might move this debate at last. >> brangham: we'll obviously watch how that oneoes. tam, we saw today a cleave within the g.o.p. over president trump's tariffs on steel and aluminum. he ctame forcefully several days tweeting why he thinkst's important to do, but with the g.o.p. all the w up to paul ryan are saying, no, tariffs are a how do we resolve that? >> president trump has driven a wedge within hisn party which is a relatively aggressive thing to do. he talks like aopulistnd has been governing like an establishment republican.e here's a cere he has been literally saying the same things ability trade andmerica getting a bad deal for, like, 30 ars. you know, guns, immigration,

taxes, there's nothing he believes more fundamentally in his core that he has bee more consistent on than this trade issue, and now, all of a sudden, he's being told by members of hiown partynd members of his own administration, no, this is not a great idea, you n't do this. the president clearly doesn't want to hear that. >> susan, we have a couple of these little electns coming up. we've got texas, illinois,, pennsylvanal possibly different little barometers of how the president is doing, how much his message is resonating or being used to support democrats. democrats think they are riding an enormoublue wave. tawhat does your reporting tell you? re are red flags for republicans everywhere and i don't mean because it looks good for the republican party, i mean season of trouble. the pennsylvania scial house election next week, it's a district president trump carried by 19 percenta points. it is really tied up now. it's enteral possible that a

democrat will win. you look at texas which s its primary tomorrow. they have concluded early voting. if you look at the ear voting, early voting by republicans is up by 11%.ng early voby democrats is up 24%. that is a sign of energy nd enthusiasm among democrats, even in a state like texas, which has not elected a democrat statewide almost in a quarter of a century. >> brangham: blue wave coming? another sign of enthusiasm, democrats in texas have fielded candidates in every single congressional district. >>rangham: inexas. first time in 25 years. this is happening not just in texas but allhe the over country, that in districts where democrats typically haven tried to play, they are now play, so if there is a wave and it's more like a sue namey we'll be learning about democrats we never knew existed. page,ngham: susan tamera keith, thank you very much. >> thank you.

>> brangham: stay with us, coming up the newshour, west virginia teachers strike statewide for the eighth straight day. two afghan women leading the charge to get more women involved in public service. and a call for inclusion at the 90th academy awards. but first, combining school and urrk to build a brighter f for employees and their communities. in his final report from el salvador, fred de sam lazaro visits a garment factory that hires workers who are normally left out of society, inclung ex-gang members. it's part of fred's series "agents for change." >> reporter: 50,000 t-shirts and sweatshirtbuzz through the sewing machines this factory every week, bearing thseals and mascots of some 1600 u.s. universities: princeton, c michigan, kenylege. each one, it seems, a reminder to general manager rodrigo lanos of what el salvador

desperately needs. >> if you have an educated population, you can do something with the country.ep >>ter: and you don't right now? >> 70% of the population have not finished school. >> reporter: it'one consequence of the brutal civil war in the 1980s from which el salvador has never recovered. 75,000 people died, many more were displaced. many migrateto the u.s., and many of those deported back here have been responsible for escalating gang violence that has given this country the world's highest homicide rate. >> we are one of the few being left behind. we have to unite as a country and put a plan together just the hey we're doing it here. i'm working withommunity to make sure all kids end up in college. we offer english every half hour. >> reporter: about a fifth of

the 550 workers at this league sportswear factory are high school dropouts. a gap in their educahat bolanos demands they fix, if they want to keep their jo. fahoure to get their high sc eqrvalency degree draws a sn lecture, and a not too subtle threat. >> if you n't study, this is not the place for you. you have to study. >> reporter: bolanos brings back those he's fired, if they make a new commitment to study. people deserve a second chance, he says, or a first. his workforce is a cross section of the unlikeliest hires for a factory job in el sa. >> ( translated ): in this acountry, it's hard to fi job, especially when you have a disability. nobody will hire you. >> reporter: 27-year old francisco escalantis among two dozen disabled workers here. blind since he was a eight years old, escalante works in the quality control lab.

his fingers, sensitized by reading braille, are ideally suited to detect any imperfection in the llions of feet of fabric.at >> ( tran ): the cloth has to be as smooth as possible. there are five different categories that i have to check in order to certify that theto cloth is utandard. >> reporter: another cegory of workers are former gang mbers, identifiable by their trademk tatts, and unemployable in most placebecause of them. 39-year-old carlos arguetta says he was a leader in the notorious m.s.-13 gang, but gave up gang life when he joined an evangelicachurch. he told me that when he heardfi league outers was hiring, he hiorhis elaborate body art f the job interview. >> ( translated ): mr. bolanos said "why are you dressed with long sleeves? you have tattoos?" and i said "yes." and he said, "don't worry about that anymore. that's your past. now you have to start thinking about your future."

>> reporter: arguettnow works security durg the day, and takes intensive english classes in the plant at night. he dreams that someday he'll own his own business. but for now, he's grateful for the job he has. >> ( trslated ): if i didn't have a job like this one, i'd probably still be part of the gang and be doing killings. i want to send the message that we need these kind of opportunities. we need prevention programs. that's what this cntry needs. >> reporter: another former gang member, oswaldo henriquez, was with a rivalstroup, the 18th et gang. >> ( translated ): i cannot tell you where i'd be if i hadn't gotten the chance to work here. reporter: he is now in his second year of college, studying mechanical engineering. the two-year college is located inside the factory walls and is affiliated with the university of don bosco.

bolanos says he got the idea while in houston, where he studied engineering >> i saw the american dream where lower and middle class kids can work and study at night in community colleges. for me that is a good way to give the american dream right here in el salvador to all these poor people. >> rorter: four years ago, bolanos created a new pipeline to get employees into this unusual garment factory colleg he teamed up with a by school, promising every student who graduates a job in the factory by d, and college by night. the idea is to give these young people an incentive toh high school instead of dropping out and joining a gang. at their school, heavily armed soldie patrol to keep gang recruiters at bay. principal davidos sandoval say the partnership with league outfitters has transformed the school

>> ( translated ): before we had the relationship, we had a 36% dropout rate. and now nobody drops out. league gives the students an opportunity to keep dreamingt abeir future. >> reporter: rodrigo bolanos keeps dreaming as well. he's begun several start-up companies within the garment factory to tap the higher skills being acquired by his newly college-educated workers. >> he used to work on the floor as a sewer.ai now he's rng boards. >> reporter: if el salvador is to join th21st century economy, he says, it needs to create1st century jobs, and provide them to all its citizens. for the pbs newshour, i'm fred de sam lazaro in ciudad arce, el salvador. >> brangham: fred's reporting is a partnership with the stder-told stories project at the university othomas in minnesota.

>> brangham: public school teachers in west virginia are on strike for the eighth consecutive day. schools in all of the state's 55 counties remain closed to more than a quarter million students. teachers, who are about 20,000 strong, say they're striking for better working conditions, better health insurance and lcreased pay. they are among theest paid teachers in the country with an average salary of about $45,000. last week, republican governor jim justice approved a 5% pay raise for teachers, which passed the state house. but that measure didn't make it past the state senate, prompting teachers to stay on the picket line into today. for the latest on this strike, i'm joined by ryan quinn of the "charleston gazette-mail." ryan quinn, thank you very much for being here. can you layut roughly what are the issues at stake here for the teachers? >> the biggest one is tir health insurance coverage, public employees insurance

agency coverage. they want befit cuts and insurance premium increases to, st and they want long-term funding promises to prevent those in the future, although they seem to be happy at this time with the governor'sask force to actually work on those into the future. secondarily is pay. thethy have -ey want this pay increase that the governor has proposed and that the house of delegates have passed of 5% for next school year to actually go through. that would equal about a $2,000 raise for teachers for next year. then they also don't want other bills to pass that theyppose, like ones that would make it more difficult to divert their paychecks to pay union dues and ones downplaying the role of seniority and layoffs and transfers, they want those alarl to disap seems like that's going to happen.

>> brangham: inow you're in the stat state cap state capitoe growing so big inside and outsidthey closed the building for safety fears. with this much tension and passion, how do you se playing out? >> it's tough to tell. the senate was met by -- we have 55 counties in west virginia, school systems' border igare cous with the counties so each has one superintendent. 4 ovcounty superintendents came to the capitol friday, told the senate president that we're going to have a really tough time actually getting our workers back int schools and,ng thereby, gettudents back into schools unless you pass this 5% pay raiseor next school year, and the senate president has not yet actuallyac iesced to that demand, and the strike continues, and it's

now tied our last teacher strike, 1990, and it's up to eight school days no and it looks like it's going to don't contestant tomorrow if action isn't taken and that will break the record. >> brangham: do the teachers have the public support? i can imagine there are a lot of working parents in west virginia who, while they may support better pay and benefits, have have kids they want to get back into school. do they have public support for this? >> it seems like it. i've gotten some calls from angry parents, and've seen some posts on social media. but consistently, we have county school systems that are refusing to take legal action to try to stop the strike. it's generally agreed, although it's onlybeen tested think once previously in court that spublic school employon't actually have the right to y

strike, ye don't willacy county school systems -- you n't se county school systems or the department of education or anyone else taking legal action to getm t back into classrooms. so the it -- so it seems the county school systems will continue as they have in the days.he next few >> brangham: ryan quinn of the charleston gazyote-mail, thank so much. >> thank you. >> brangham: much of the news from afghanistan is about war-- an endless war between the government and taliban militants. attacks in kabul happen almost weekly, but even after years ofi fi, efforts to rebuild continue. recently, a delegation of afghan women leaders visited washington and we wanted to talk with some of them about what life is like for them in their country. this conversation took place before afghan president ashrafgh i offered to bring the taliban directly into the

political process. judy woodruff spoke with two of o ese women: shaharzad akbar is a senior advisoresident ghani. before that she was country director for the open society foundation. mu-qaddesa yourish is a member of afghanistan's civil service commission. prior to that she was director of human resources for the city of kabul.oo >>uff: shaharzad akbar, mu-qaddesaeurish, welcome to the program. shaharzad akbar, people think o afghan as auntry in the middle of a war. is it not consumed with fighting? >> it's an important part of reality but it's not the whole reality. it's also a country that'sde oing generational shift in leadership, it's also a country that's undergoing widespread social and cultural change. gender norms are being discussed. what doesit mean to an afghan in a modern world? this is a part of a discussion.

thousands of people are pursuing higher education. millions of children ar graduating from schools so it's much broader than that. >> woodruff: why are you trying to get more women involved in public service, in visible public service job >> it matters greatly to improving the life of everyone in afghanistan, i think, to ve women in public service, particularly in the lives of women.ro when we ared the table and present in the room, thesc sions include women, the discussions include women's well being, the avaibility of services to women and the specific needs of women. we have well educated, experiencedompetent women in afghanistan who deserve to be in the afghan governmentand in the decision-making processes, and our government needs that expertise desperately. >> woodruff: muqaddesa

yourish, how do you persuade women when they have questions? >> i talk about the fact that the government of afghanistan is very open to giving women equal opportunities to be part of the government and, at the same time, as my role as a commissioner in the civil service commission, we have continuously been trying to maku we have policies such as work safety policies and also measures such as career coaching center for women tomake sure that we provide anenabling environment for women to feel safe in the workplace and also to come forward and join th civil service. >> woodruff: so that is a concern that many afghan wom have? >> traditionally, you know, there's a strongsbelief about a woman's credibility and also being in the government. so i think a big part what you are doing in the civil service commission in terms of making sure that we provide the enabling environment for women to be in the government feeds into te bigger pict making sure that we fight with

the credibity that exis for women. >> woodruff:shaharzad akbar, how much do you have to overcome what men think of women and what their role should be? >> there's a lot to overcomeab t people's perception, both men and women, in some cases. i have constantly walked into rooms full o men, i sit in meetings, and the first few weeks, when i had assumed my position, a lot of people looked at me and thought,ay government wants to look diverse, they have just brought a young woman hbae, she py is not qualified for this job. so that was the assumption. changing that assumption, building relationships, having a voice on political issues, all of this takes a lot of daily courage, i think, and every time i spoke upi nitially, i was hesitant, and my voice would shake. i ewould bet worried ab people's judgment, my colleague's judgment, but slowly i ha started to build a network of support with other women in the governme.

that is also very important, romen in the civil side all support each otnd give each other tips, but also male colleagues view you differently when they see your works. in>> woodruff: i was to say some of these things happen to women everywhere, nott j afghanistan. muqaddesa yourish, are therert of afghanistan where you can go and openly recruit and parts you cannot? we know the taliban still holds nce int deal of infl your country. >> there are conflicted areas where sometimes the governments ntrol of the area and other times the taliban, and we ofll them -- whenever they're under the controhe taliban, we call them the unaccessible districts and villages. i wouldn't say it's at the provincial level but obviously at the village or district level. >> woodruff: sharharzad akbar, how do you think the work you are doing may change your country? >> it's difficult living in --

working in kabul. it's a city thanss ntly attacked and some attacks leave you wounded and angry and also a tate of despair. then i loo around me at things that give me hope. the generation of women younger than me are moreassertive, more confident and have a lot of dreams f refugees. i see my colleagues in government and i see we are deveping a common language on development and politics. we are redevining our vision of ghanistan. are more interested in politics of values than rnligion. i see how the gont is being reformed from within and it's becoming about servicen rather tower. when i see this, it gives me hope and inspires me every day. >> woodruff: muqaddesa yourish,ll fi education. how much depends on young women being ableo get a good education and is education able everywhere to women? >> we definitely have had it comes to education for girls and women in

the past 17 years. we have more and morefamilies who are willing to send their girls to school and verye recently announced 17,000 several service vacancies and 3,000 of them are specific acancies for women teachers. >> woodruff: it ad to a lot of potential change and a lot of change right now, andai cey is another dimension to your country. thank you very much for being with us, muqaddesa yourish and shaharzad akbar. we appreciate it. >> thank you for having us >> brangham: in the wake of the "me too" and "time's up" movements, last night's academy awards had a very differt vibe from the past. presenters and host jimmy kimmel spoke about changing the culture of the business, and phing to make the industry far more inclusive both in front of, and behind, the camera. jeffrey brown looks at a particular call for action.

>> brown: a striking moment came when frances mcdormand accepted the oscar for best actress, for her performance in "three billboards outside ebbing, missouri." she told the audience she had "some things to say," and then put the focus directly on the issue of inclusion and disparities in hollywood. here's part of her speech. >> if i may be so honored to have all the female nominees in every category stand with me in this room tonight, the actors-- mery if you do it, everybody else will, come on. the filmmakers, the producers, the directors, the writers, the cinematographer, the composers, the songwriters, the designers. me on! ( cheers and applause ) okay, look arouneverybody. look around, ladies and b

gentlemen,ause we all have stories to tell and projects we need financed. don't talk to us about it at the parties tonight. invite us into your office in a couple days, oyou can come to ours, whatever suits you best, and we'll tell you all about them. i have two words to leave with you tonight, ladies and gentlemen: "inclusion rider." ( cheers and applause ) >> brown: two words. but many were left wondering what they mean. my guest is credited with inventing the idea of the inclusion rider. stacy smith is founder of the annenberg inclusion initiative at the university of southern california, where she's released regular reports on the representation of women andn otherslm. she joins me now from los angeles. so, stacy smith, welcome to you. i gather you were as surprised as anybody by tha what exactly is an inclusion

ckder. >> indeed, i was s. an including rider is really straightforward. it's a stipulation in an actor or content creator's that says there will be target inclusion goals on screen for diversity in terms of gender, race ethnicity, lgbt andpeople with disabilities and behind the camera, below the line, tha good faith efforts and interviewing will consider womeo and peop color in key geat caping positions. >> brown: it's not affecting leading roles t the idea is lead actors or directors have the clout to get this done? >> absolutely. we wanted to respect story sovereign at t and ensure that the creative process could thrive. e also don't stipulate for an historical piece that inclusion goals on screen have to be met. for historical dramas, they can cast based on what that might entail for the period or for the story that's trying to be told. but for stories that represent present day and take place in

cities like los angeles, new york, chicago, the story iould look like the worln which we live, and that has not been the case in decades in hollywood. >hollywood. >> brown: you have been looking at this lack of inclusion in hollywon for a time. what's the nature of the bias that you see that this would address? >> well, there's not just one bias when it comes to hiring in hollywood, but i think that the inclusion ride atts outset was really trying to tackle implicit bias, any audition -- in the auditioning and casting arocess. often you would secript and somebody might have firefighter, police officer, plumbe and automatically that raises a perception or a thought that it should be filled by a male. so really counter those occupational biases or those role biases y need guidelines to help casting directors slow down and be thoughtful and really consider broadly the talent that can fill different positions that are oftentimes

very minor in films but are important in termsngof buil pipeline of talent. >> brown: frances mcdormand herself last night said she just learned about this rider. is the rider in use now? are there examples where people have used it? >> well, i ink, informally, many times, actors have negotiated through the representatives with different production teams or studios about what they value. we took it a step forward. we conquer tized the language and put in language and given the language to multmillion individuals who are prestigious when it comes to acting careers and met with entertainments attorn acts across the industry. so it has been in used and had i known this was coming i would have reached out to get permission to talk about the people who have used the rider, but i'm hoping we can circlee back soon and let you know

just how many and how often it's in place andit the emphatic had on storytelling in film. >> brown: clearly got a lot of attention last night. what's the reaction sincea how hard will it be to implement in a larger scale? well, the reaction has been absolutely amazing.e th is so much visibility now in the press on this issue and that this tool can be used by actors and content creators, aln it's reasy for this to be adopted by agencies to put i in the hands of every single one of their clients and asif they would like inclusion criteria in their contract negotiations for all their upcoming projects. so implementation is easy. this is aboutjust havingpeople say yes across the institutional stakeholders that have typically said no when it comes to decision-making in hollywood. >> brown: stacy smith, thank

you very much. >> thank you. >> brangham: and we'll be back p shortly withspective on how race can affect self- confidence.t, but fiake a moment to hear from your local pbs station. it's a chance to offer your support, which helps keep programs like ours on the air.

>> brangham:t is easier said an done to ignore what others think about you. morgan jenkins is an acclaimed writer who speaks six languages. toght, she offers her humb opinion on overcoming what's called "imposter syndrome." >> it was in the eighth grade when my intelligence was qutioned for the first tim every week, each student in my social studies class have to present a topic and if the teacher thought that that student didn't know the meaningw of a word, yld have to define it. my words were "formule" and"

enigmatic." not too long afterwards, that same teacher accused me of cheating to my parents.il mystudies teacher told me that i would never be a director and that it was best fore to do more behind-the-scenes work. my high school guidance counselor attempted to steer me away from the ivies and suggested community college instead because she assumed that to parents wouldn't be abl afford it. all of these teachers werewh e. in a 2016 study conducted by researchers at johns hopkins university and american university, it was revealed that white teacrs expect less academic success than black teachers expect from the samets black stud a white teacher is 30% less likely to think a black student will graduate from a four-year college and is 40% less likely to think that a black student will graduate from high scol. so why am i bringing this up now, with high school behind me? have you ever heard of the ter"" imposter syndrome"? imposter syndrome is the

inability to absorb one'sli accoments and the persistent fear that one will be exposed as a fraud. i feel it now even when i'm writing for prestigious publications; even after i got a book deal from a tope.ublishing ho i kept wondering why. it wasn't until this momentat though, realized how much of that difficulty to lieve in myself came from childhood, particularly those e with those teachers who tried to derail my growth. i had written off those experiences asbeing normal for a black girl and besides, if i en up, i thought i would be seen as troublesome. but it's not normal. we have to see it for it is. for black girls and women out there who have had their abilities qutioned and in turn have doubted themselves even when they have accomplished, great thinere is a reason: other people do not expect greatness from you and therefore, they don't want you to expect it either. you've earned everything you worked hard for. but it's also beneficial to

acknowledge the roots, the memories that fueled this doubt, memories that tell you: you're not good eugh. but you are good enough. more than enough. you are. >> brangham: on the newshour online right now, the next book in our newshour/"new york times" book club "now read is" is the novel "exit west" by mohsin hamid. c you're reading along, y find discussion questions and learn more about the book club on our web site, pbs.org/newshour. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm william brangham. join us onli and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and good night. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, technology,

and proved economic rformance and financial literacy in the 21st century. jo >> supported by th d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation. committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful world. more information at macfound.org su>> and with the ongoing rt of these institutions >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. anbsby contributions to your station from viewers like you. thank you. pt ning sponsored by newshour productions, llc by captione media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

♪ ♪ ♪ -today on "america's test kitchen," da makes julia the ultimate ch. jack challenges bridget to a tting of cinnamon, and bridge and julia share the secrets to greek chicken-and-rice soup. it's all coming up right here, on "america's test kitchen." "america's test kitchen" is brought to you by the following. -i've always been a big believer