captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> sreenivasan: good evening, i'm hari sreenivasan. f is away. on the newshour tonight, the suspect in a series of bombings in austin blows himself up after being cornered by police-- we'll have the latest on the investigations then, facebook's c.e.o. mark zuckerberg breaks his silence on a scandal with a data firm that exploited data of millions of users, outlining steps to secure the platform. then, the trump appridch: the present ignores advice not to congratulate russian president n,putin after his re-electnd avoids tough talks on a recent poisoning. plus, thinking big in 3-d-- the iltest technological advances promise new possibies in manufacturing, one layer at ati me. >> rockets are the lightest weight, most expsive, largest, difficult-to-make thing that really 3-d printing is t optimal solution for.

>> sreenivasan: all that and more on tonit's pbs newshour >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: ♪ ♪ moving our economy for 160 years. bnsf, the engine that connects us. >> entertainment studios.

>> supporting social entrepreneurs and their solutions to the world's most pressi problems-- skollfoundation.org. >> the lemelson foundation. committed to impugving lives thinvention. in the u.s. and developing countries. on the web at lemelson.org. >> supported by the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation. committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful wod. more information at macfound.org >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: >> his program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you.

>> sreenivasan: police inau in, texas still have questions to answer tonight, about the serial bomber that terrorized the city. but, their prime suspect is no longer at large.hi he tooown life overnight, after a manhunt ran him to ground.t >>s been a long, almost three weeks for the community of austin. >> sreenivasan: austin's police chief broke the news early this morning. officers had tracked the bomber to a hotel in the northern suburb of round rock, overnight. off, but ran his s.u.v. into a ditch. >> as members of the aartin police dent swat team approached the vehicle, the suspect detonated a bomb inside the vehicle, knocking one of our officers back. and one of our swat officers fired at the suspect as well. the suspect is deceased and has >> sreenivasan: the suspect was identified as 23-year-old mark anthony conditt, seen in this picture on his mother's facebook page. police say he built all of the inbombs that terrorized au

since march 2nd, killing two people and wounding four others. the first three package bombs were left on doorsteps, while a d h blast in a residential neighborhood involmore sophisticated device set off by a tripwire. >> this is such a safe, friendly, family-oriented neighborhood, it just somehowt you doink it's going to happen here. >> sreenivasan: early on tuesday, a 5th package exploded at a fed ex distribution facility near san antonio. a 6th device was found andsa dirmed at a fed ex distribution center in austin. investigators now say they started closing in on conditt in the last two days, thanks to witness reports, cell-phone data and security video from a fed ex store where he mailed one of the bombs. it's believed he bough bomb-making materials at a home depot, but the motive is a mystery.er >> we do not uand what motivated him to do e did and that will also be part of ree continuing investigation as we try to learn bout him and to understand why he took

the actions that he did. >> sreenivasan: what's also unclear ishether he acted alone, or whether any more bombs are out there. >> we are concerd that there we want to make sure that if people see suspicious packages or bags that containedll 911 report that to the police so we can respond and deal with ose packages. >> sreenivasan: swat teams descended today on the austin suburb of pflugerville. they searched the bomber's home and evacuated residents in a five-bck radius. and for more on the investigation and what police auve learned, we're joined again by syeda hasan oin's npr station, kut. they just spoke to press a little while ago. te were ending our report with what was happeningthe home in flooringville. what more can you tell us? >> well, we know that authorities and federal investigators have been at the scene at the suspect's home in pflugerville. the neighborhood has been evacuated.

authorities removed what they said were homemade explosives from the home of the spefnlgt we know the materials found at e suspect's home, investigators said they seem to match materials thatave been used in the series of attacks across austin and t one outside san antonio, so that's giving them leads to go off of in this investigation. sreenivasan: are the suspect's family cooperating? >> authorities have said that the suspect's family isat coopg. we know that some relatives of the suspect did release a statement sayinre that they in shock that they are grieving for the victims and the loved ones of those affected, and we es were atat authori the home of the suspect's parents earlier today as wll. >> sreenivasan: what else do we know about the suspect? i'm sure more reporting is starting to paint a fulle picture of his life. >> right. we're beginning to learn a bit more about the suspect we do know he was a 23-year-old white male, as you menoned, did live in the pflugerville neighborhood.v texas nor gregg abbott said

on a local tv broadcast today that the suspect lived with two roommates. we know authorities were in contact with those two roommates. they did question them, and they say that those roommates ae cooperating as well. kut was also ab to confirm that the suspect did attend the austin community colle from 2010 to 2012. the college said that he did not graduate from a.c.c., but his application to the college indicates thatht, prior tt, he was home-schooled. so we're beginning toearn a bit more about who he was. >> sreenivasan: do we know anything more about the last minutes of the standoff? >> well, authorities did brief us early this morning. they said they were able to cate the suspect's vhicle outside this hotel in round rock, which is a suburb north ot , and police were waiting at the scene for backup. when they rsued the suspect he left the scene? his vehicle. they pursu him and eventually he pulled off into a ditch off a

highway service road and, as police began to aroach his vehicle, they say that he detonated a bomb that was ithe vehicle with him. we also know that austi police chief brian manly confirmed an officer did shoot the suspect. so we can't say for sure whethes he died as at of the explosion or whether it may have been the result of a gunshot. >> sreenivasan: npr in austin, kut's syeda hasan. thank you so much. >> thank you. or sreenivasan: new headlines tonight in the fver facebook. c.e.o. mark zuckerberg issued a statement late today. he conceded mistakes that apparently let an outside firm obtain data from 50 million facebook users. but he says facebook has alreado takeective steps, and plans more. we'll have a full report, after the news summary. in the day's other news, the senate intelligence committee criticized both the trump and obama administrations foa lack of urgency about russian cyber- attacks and election security. lwmakers preeled kirstjen n and jeh johnson, the current and former homeland security secretaries.kn

nielsen ledged there's a problem with making sure a election resul genuine. >> if there's no way to audit the election, that is absolutely a national security concern. you must have a way to audit. you could do it through paper balls or you could do it through this voter verification, but you must have a way to audit and verify the election results. >> sreenivasan: russian agents targeted election systems in 21 states in 2016. there's no evince any votes were actually altered. only 19 states have reached out for cybersecurity reews. in afghanistan, an islamic state suicide bomber blew himself near a shiite shrine in kabul today, killing at least 33 people. 65 others were wounded, and emergency workers rushed them to a nearby hospital. police say the attacker struck near crowds gathering to celebre the persian new year. an attack on damascus, syria has claimed 44 lives. state media reports rebels fired mortars into a busy market during tuesday evening's rush hour. aftermath video showed glass and debris littering the street.

it was one of the det attacks in the syrian capital since the civil war bega meanwhile, in northwest syria, war monitors say an air strike on a rebel-held province killed 21 people, 16 of them children. 104 captive girls were freed in nigeriday, by boko haram. the islamist militants returned them to dapchi, where a total of 110 were kidnapped from a boarding school four weeks ago. the girls were reunited with their parents, and said they were freed because they are muslims. several others did not return. >> ( translated ): there weredi five of us tha. those that died were not killed by boko haram, they died because they were trampled upon. it was s made them tired and weak. >> sreenivasan: the government denied it paid ransom for the mass release. but boko haram left a warning, saying: "we did it out of pity. and, don't eveput your daughters in school again." in 2014, the militan kidnapped 276 girls from chibok. some 100 of them have never returned. back in this country, a major storm hit the northeast with

heavy snow and high winds and disrupted the first day of spring. it was the region's fourth orr'east in three weeks. new jersey and newcity declared emergencies, and airlines cancelled nearly 4,000 flights. meanwhile, a strong pacific storm mped heavy rain along the california coast. thousands of people were told to evacuate in santa ba eara county, ape possible mudslides. the u.s. senate gave fal approval today to a bill to curb sex trafficking online. it allows victims to take action against website operators that facilitate the crime. the bill sailed through the house and senate, despite industry warnings about curbing free speech. esident trump is expected to sign it into law. mississippi will soon have its first, female u.s. senator. state agriculture commissioner cindy hyde-smith wasnted today by the republican governor. she'll replace fellow republican thad cochran, who's retiri due to failing health. illinois is set for what could be the most expensive governor'h race in americtory. republican incumbent bruce rauner survived tuesday's

primary agait a conservative challenger. he will face democratic ionaire j.b. pritzker, w celebrated his own primary win last night. he's alreadypent $70 million his campaign. separately, hocaust denier arthur jones won a republican nomination for congr us. he rpposed, in a heavily democratic district in chicago. the federal reserve raised itste benchmark st rate today by another quarter-percentage point. it also indicated still expects to raise rates twice more this year. the fed's new chairman, jeme powell, said the economy is strong enough to stand it. >> several factors are supporting the outlook. fiscal policy has become more stimulative, ongoing job gains n e boosting income and confidence, foreowth is on a firm trajectory and overall financial conditions remain accomodative. >> sreenivasan: the fed has raised rates six times since 2015. and, on wall street, stocks hrged, then sank over lingering questions about ju high interest rates will go. the dow jones industrial average

lost 45 points to close at 24,682. the nasdaq fell 19 points, and the s&p 500 slipped five.st ill to come on the newshour: what's in congress' massive spending bill.to seangus king on safeguarding state election systems against russian o terference. 3-d printing takene next level, and much more. >> sreenivas: as we reported, facebook founder mark zuckerberg broke his silence today about how his company handles privacy and what he acknowledged was a "breach of trust with the public." it came after news investigations found cambridge analytica, a firm used by the trump campaign improperl obtained data on 50 million facebook users. in his statement on facebook, zuckerberg wrote: "we have a responsibility to protect your data, and if we can't then we adn't deserve to serve you." he also said stepseen taken to prevent these problems s fore, but "we also made mistakes, there're to do."

those changes will include: auditing apps that use facebook data, and investigating apps that used large amounts of data before the company changed its policies in 2014. it will alsory to restrict some access to future data.co tim wu ombia law school joins us for reaction now. he wtes extensively about th web, privacy, data collection. he's the author of "the attention merchants." thanks for joining us. first, your reacti statement. >> sure. you know, i think it was good that they took responsibility, but i still think that, you know, not coming fully clean about what happened an what they're going to do here. one thing that's very notable is they aeed too all ths stuff back in 2011, and it looks like they didn't live up to the promises then. so the question is what makes us believe them now. >> sreenivasan: and this is when they wender consent decree by the federal trade commission. >> that's exactly rht. in 2011, federal trade commission, i was working there et the tiernlings found that

they had let apps take all kinds of data from people and do whatever they likeand facebook agreed, as you said, in the consent decree that they'd no longer allow this to happen. turns out it has happened and repeatedly. so'm not just as reassured as you might think, given they'veok already similar promises that they will keep these promises in the future. >> sreenivas: all right, we ve a piece of video from mfrontline," an upcoming fil that's going to come out with one of the former employees. let's listen to what he sd. >> i ended up in an interesting situation where because i hadpe been the maion who was working on privacy issues with respect to the facebook platform, which had manymany issues, because it was a real hornets nest of problems, because they were giving access to all this facebook data with very few controls. and because i had been one of the only people who was focused on this issue, we ended up in a situation a few weeks before the

i.p.o., where the press had been caout these issues over and over again, they had been pointing out the ways in which gcebook had not been meet its obligations. t d i ended up in a meeting with a bunch of the mnior executives of the company and they sort of womt around the nd said, "well you know who's in charge of fixing this hu problem which has been called out in the press as one of the two biggest problems for the company going into the biggest tech i.p.o. in history?" and the answer was me. >> sreenivas: platform operations manager between 2011 and 2012. obviously, the company is muchs bigger now, far more resources, but, as you say, they've said before they'reto goinlean up their act. >> yeah, i mean, that's the problem. they keep sayinhis, but, you know, there's this recidivism problem. they keep not really doingan hing, and i think the problem is that their business model depends on acculating data and giving it tois

adves. anything that comes close to threatening that business model, they don't seem that inereste in doing something serious about it. you know, i understand tht, but i think the time of "trust us" has got be ov >> sreenivasan: any of the changes that they're proposing today going to fun change the business model you're talking about? >> no, i don't think so at all. you know, the fundamentally facebook is a surveillance mchine. they get asuch data as they can and they promise advertisers that they're able to mipulate us, and that is at the core. and, so, you know, they started this by saying, well, this wasn't really a data breach, this is our normal business model, which i think should tel. you someth then later, saying, well, it's not so great, and so on an so forth. but they're really showing an unwiingness to do something more serious about this problem, and it keeps happening over and isover again. ime an app platform, the other times russians buying ads.

there is something not right about thisompany andeir unwillingness to come clean. zuckerberg wrote a message o facebook that everything will be fine is something government ivestigators can't trust. >> sreenivasan: thafter the fact but they're saying they're willing to require app developers to be audit ore requhat kind ofca authenon. but with cambridge analytica, the person was supposed to certify the data was gone. >> i'll add to that. in the 2011 settlement, they agreed they'd set up a verification system for apps tp make sure anever did the kinds of things they were doing before. that was in 2011. now they're talking about stuff erwards.g aft whatever verification systems going on, i guess they're, weke, , they're accepting promises from the app developments. they're not really taking measures. once again, i think the concern me facebook's heart is at s point this will hurt their

advertising revenue and the promises they've madinvestors so they're unwilling to take serious strps. >>enivasan: at scale, what can be done, if we abstract larger to facook, google, twitter, a lot of the tech platforms that have so much information about us? >> you know, it is a great question, and i think theam futal problem is they're all dependent on this pure advertising model. you know, nothing but trying to get as much data out of us and sell as much as they can of our time and attention to other people, and that just leads in very dark dirinections. i we need to start patronizing subscription-based services that they need to start rethinking these business models because they've really reached an intolerable level foran amerociety and it's starting to threaten american democracy and other values we hold dear. s eenivasan: this is also prompting government to say perhaps o need to stake ae active role in regulating the space. does goverent have the tools

to try to monitor or set up the rules of the road on ho these companies can operate? >> i thought we did at th f.t.c. when we put in the consent degree but it obviously didn't really do anything. i think there's a serious problem. part of the problem is we haven't wanted europe to ge serious because we're worried about hurting businesses which are, after all, american darlings. but, you know, when the costs become this serious where it starts to be about the viability of our republic anabout, you know, the manipulation of people, i think that need to take a much more serious look and understand and, for example, look at what the europeans are doing and e if there something to hearne. >> sreenivasan: tim wu, columbia law schl. thank you very much. >> sreenivasan: you can tch more of frontline's facebook insider story at pbs.org/frontline.

>> sreenivasan: news hour learned congressional leaders have a spending bill that will ep government funded through september. >> congress has two days to pass the billion and prthe year's third government lisa desjardins has been tracking the negotiations and is here now. lisa, as we sit here we don't have a bill to look at. that, of course, has not stoppeo you. know what's in this bill. through your reporting, wha what have you learned is in it? >> desjardins: leaders agreednd what's in it are processing the text. one of the more important factors, this is onethe largest spend eng creases we've seen in years, specials for the military, that will include payo raises 2.4most of our troops. but, john, this is way more than

a spending bill, this is the last legislative train out of washington this yeait if doesn't get in this bill, it might not happen. in this bil we've learned will be gun legislation. first one i want to talk about. this bill will clari aolicy making it clear that the c.d.c. cantually research gun violence. that would be a change in policy. also two bills fix ni which addresses the current backgroune check sysand stop school violence to give money to schools to ascertain threats ahead of time. >> yang: as you say, is is the last legislative train pulling out of the station. what didn't get on? >> right, a lot. i think that's why it took so long is because they were trying to get things in and could not reach an agreement. the border wall, something president trump insisted being in this bill. there $1.6 billion for border security, but, john, the fin print is that a very small portion of that just several hundred million dollars is for a border fence, and democrats tell

me that there is language in th bill saying annot be a concrete wall. border security yes, border wall no in this bill. also nothing about daca in this bill. it's also talking aboutome healthcare issues. healthcare subsidies the president ended last fall, people maybe think are needed to stabilize the system are not inb thll. that's a heated debate. do they help or hurt the system? becauseing to find o the government will not be paying them, they are not part of the bill. >> yang: the fixes like the daca fixes, are those liky not going to happen? >> i think we could see a separate bill on daca. right now congress is waiting on the courts to act. nd the courts f don't have a status for those recipients we might see action. >> these are deferred actions for childhood arrivals,eople brought here illegally as children. >> that's it exactly.in and i what we're watching from congress now is, first, it would be nice to see somtext of this massive bill, but, john, yosaid yourself the timeline

is a little insane. often congress takes two weeks at least to pass a bill like. this thehaven't seen the text and i think the house is hoping to pass this tomorrow, the senate friday.it that mean possible to avoid a showdown, except for on senator rand paul. he generally doesn't like these bills and if h objects to the omnibus, we will have a showdown. >> yang: the house wanted to pass it monday. >> originally the house wanted to passed it last week, so t ey're many days behind and up to their nex their deadline. esricials and conservatany don't like this bill. rand paul will be the one to watch. maybe a short term bill, a quick showwn over the weekend, i think it will get through, though. >> yang: like a student waiting till the lat minute. >> believe it or not. >> yang:. >> desjardins:. thank you very much. there's more >> so much in the bill. we have a big story about all of it all on our web site.

>> yang: great. lisa, thank you very much. >> sreenivasan: also on capitol hill, lawmakers weighed in on ent trump's phone call, one that was not originally scheduled to happen. yamiche alcindor reports on the controversial call between mr. trump and russian president vladimir putin. >> reporter: the snow showed no signs ofetting up in washington today, d d neither dicriticism of president trump, and his phone call congratulating russian president vladimir putin on his landslide re-election. >> what is the president thinking? what is he congratulating him for? for being great at hacking into americs' voting rights? t >> ink putin is a criminal. i wouldn't have a conversation with a criminal. >> i think he's afraid of the president of russia. well, i think one can speculate as to why. that the russians might have something on him personally, that they could always roll out and make his life more difficult. >> reporter: president trump had no public events today, but instead took to twitter, claiming other presidents, like

president obama, congratulated putin in the past, too. he added, "getting along with russia (and others) is a good thing, not a bad thing." sunday, putin won his fourth term with more than 76% of thea vote, ctory some election observers said was rigged. the next day, white house staff downayed mr. trump's reactio >> look, obviously the president knows vladir putin won the election. what i can say inothat there are cheduled phone calls between the two right now. >> reporter: but by tuesda the president differed. >> i had a call with president putin and congratulated him on the victory, his electoral victory. re reporter: last night, the rift between the psident and his staff widened when the "washington post" reported he ignored specific instructions from his national security visors not to congratulate putin. white house staffers also asked mr. trump to condemn the controversial poisoning of a former russian spy in britain, according to t report, but

white house press secretary sarah sanders said he >> i'm curious-- did the recent poisoning in the united kingdom come up in the call? >> i don't believe tt was discussed in today's call. >> reporter: but beyond the press room, white hoe chief of aff john kelly reportedly blamed staffers today, growing "frustrated and deeply disappointed" about leaks of mr. trump's briefing advice to the media, per white house officials day. this, all in the wake of mr. trump's apparent tougher talk on russia in recent weeks: last week, the white house rolled out its harshest set of sanctions against russia since o mr. trump toice, but he avoided questions on the topic e en asked. >> any comment on ssian sanctions, mr. president? >> reporter: that same day, mr. trump did point to russia as being behind the nerve gas attack on its former s in britain. l a very sad situation. it certainly looe the russians were behind it. something that should never, ever happen. and we're taking it very seriously, as, i think, are many others. >> reporter: mr. trump has had a controversially collegial w relationshh putin in the past.

the president said he takes putin at his word thdidn't meddle in the 2016 elections. for the pbs newshour, i'm yamiche alcindor. >> sreenivasan: for more on president trump's controversial phone call with the russian president and mark zuckerberg's response to the facebook security breach, we turn to a kemember of the senate intelligence committee, independent senator angus king om maine. he joins us now apitol hill. senator king, i want to get to some of the election security stuff you talked about today buf first a coupleuestions, one the friendly phone call with vladimir putin. the president's tweeted out today that dere bush didn't have the smarts, obama and clinton didn't have the energymi or chery. several of your fellow senators have been pretty har. senator grassley sad this is a criminal he wouldn't have a conversation with. the pr conversation didn't bring up the recent sanctions, the election hack, the poisoning in the. your thoughts? >> well, i think the call was unfortunate, given the nture of vladimir putin's victory.

everybody knows it was a setup. i remember see ago story two weeks ago, putin will be on the ballot at the end of march.he spoirl alertl win. it wasn't much of an election. i grew up reading about elections in the soviet union .here it was 99% well, he only got 76%, but i don't think it was a necessary call. i understand the president wanting to try to compartmental ease and work with russia where we can on places like syria or north korea, if there are place where is we can main take a lationship that's a good thing, but to not raise these issues and to say im take hi at his word, look, the information is absolutely ovhelming, there is no question whatsoever that the russians intervened in big way in our election in 2016. we just had a hearing on that today, and i'm sure we'll get to at in a couple of minutes. they've attacd our country, and to be congratulating their president and not at leastme alluding to of these things

and not to mention murdering somebody on british soi s it doike me as a little -- i don't know what to call it, shorsighted, i guess. >> sreenivasan: let's talk about facebook and the cambridge analytica story. w do the revelations in the past few days factor into your jon going investigations about the russians? >> i want mark zuckerberg talk to come talk to or committee. i think mark zuckerberg owes it to his cus htomers, tois hundreds of millions of people around the world. i think it's actually in the billions at this point, to come forwardknd tal frankly. he's going to do a tv interview, i guess today or in te nex couple of days, but i would like him to see -- i believe he ought to come before our committee and talk to us about the role his platform plahyed ine 2016 election and how it was hijacked to use in nefarious ways and now

we're learningore and mor about how cambridge analytica did it. they got 50 million users' data, they then targeted the data in certain ways. bthink there are some very serious questions answered about this. >> sreenivasan: knowing what you know now over the past o years about how powerful these platforms have become, is it time forrongress to take a moe active role in trying to figure out how to protecta, the information that you and i share on facebook for ourselves and then, also, b, to keep it fro being corrupted and used against thing an election or any else? >> well, the operative word you used was congress take a role. i'm veryervous about that. we have the first amendment. we have the free speech. we have an open socieav. wean open internet. that's one of the values of our so oety. that's othe good things about it. but i think it has to start with these compies themselves understanding the power of their platform and understanding that they have some responsibility just like a newspaper does, just like you do, just like a

television network does to sort ofreellate, if you will. i'm very reluctant of government regulation to ve the internet. i think on balance that will be a bad thing. so i don't want to go there, but i want to talk to them about how they can -- what they can do technically to help people understand what the information is that they're getting and where it's coming from. for example, whe newspaper publishes a story, there's a date line. it says washington or new york or los angeles. i think, on facebook, it boug to say if it's coming from moscow, it ought to say moscow or st. petersburg so people can know the origin of the data. i know it's questionable technically but i think those smart people in facebook can figure that out. >> sreenivasan: thve don't o subscribe to the same type of liable laws as a newspaper, they sy they're not a media company so they evadee gulation existing media companies have to face. >> i'm not saying they should be

totally free of regulation but i am suspicious or relucnt about government regulation of something that has been soon revoluy and opened up the world to so many people and opened up information and sources of information, but i think it's a conversation we have to have, frankly. this is nw territory and i think, you know, facebook was thinking of itself as something running out of a dorm room at harvard. now it's a major worldwide corporation, and mark zuckerberb has thinking about how this platform can regulatelf itnd, you know, a last resort is we may have to put some guardrails in, but, you know, that's the last place i want to go. >> sreenivasan: let's talk about the hearings you had today. one of the recommendations you had was that the states are the primbiters of elections and keeping them in the drivers bat. how do yance this sort of push and pull between states rights and the federal r governmenthts when you know that only about 19 of those states have come forward f voluntary cyber hack defensivetr

lessons anaining they can take? >> that's a good question. that's the b to strike, but the thrust of today's hearing is we don't want to federalize electionsr theystate and local responsibilities. the role of the federal government i think is fold. one, to provide best practices, to be ad clearinghouse ao be a technical backup for the states in ordeto hel them set up their systems in such a wayth they're not going to be hackable, if you will. by the way, i read the classified report yesterday. hopefully we'll be able to declassify and release it in the next couple of weeks. it's terrifyin what the russians did was very systematic and comprehensive and they will be lack. so that's an important point. >> sreenivasan: you don't have to share thess claied information but what level of conference dense do you have that we're safe in the 2020 elections? >> i think we're vulnerable.

i'll get hate male from the s secretaries tes but i think a lot of the states have more confidence than they ought to given the o sophisticati our adversaries. but here's the second part of it, hari. here's where i think the federal government has an incredibly important role to play that it's not playing and that is we have to signal to our adversaries thate're not a cheap date, that if you come at us, we're going to come atou and right now that's not the case. we've had hearing after heari where the cyber people have said we don't have any responsive doctrine or strategy that would make our adversaries change their calculus. they've got to understand that if they strike us in this kind ofreay, theill be consequences. i may not be cyber. it may be something el but it's got to be serious and meaningful and immediate and i think the great failing of itional policy right now there is no deterrent, and if we don't get on that, they're juste

going to coming at us and there aren't enough patches in the world to defend us. >> sreenivasan: senator angus king of maine, thank you so much for your time. >> yes, sir. >> sreenivasan: stay with us, coming up on the newshour: the setbackslack boys face even if they grow up in wealthy families. and dogs that can sense a person's drop in blood pressure. whether it's with plastic, metal, or even living tissue, 3- d printing has been around since the 1980s. it's been used mostly for prototyping, and, so far, it's still cheaper to make most large volume consumer goods like bottlecaps using traditional methods. but as miles o'brien reports, recent advances could launch 3-d printing into a new era. it's the subject of tonight's lersing edge story, which ai every wednesday. >> reporter: just another day in an office park near l.a.x.ra no clue to thelers above

that a whole new approach to manufacturing is underway beneath their feet.pe it's hng at a young startup called relativity; a team of for-real rocket scientists pushing space technology, by pushing 3-d printing technology to its limits. here they are printing rockets,e one to nozzle. >> rockets are the lightest weight, most expensive, largest, difficult-to- make thing that orally 3-d printing is the optimal solution f >> reporter: relativity co- founders tim ellis and jordan noone both realized this while working at one. they figured technology now makes it possible to think bigger. but to do this, they first had

to build something bigger; the largest metal 3-d printer in the world. >> we made our own ping head where we have aluminum wire by this nozzle here and then we're using 11 kilowatt fiber laser to actually melt the aluminum. he it starts to feed in material on the right, thenaser melts it. so, it's very, very powerful laser. it can actually blind you from over 50 kilometers away. ey>> reporter: good thing aren't evil geniuses!r thga printer is called stargate, a three-armed 15, foot tall robot. it hasn't made a whole rocket yet, but it has printed out aan fuel tank anngine. relativity's full throttledst thnto 3-d printing is just one milestone on the long roads from prototyd small parts to mass manufacturing. mechical engineer john hart director of the laboratory for manufacturing and productivity at m.i.t. >> i'm certain we're in early stages. and i think that the things that

we do with that in manufacturing in the end, say 10, 20, 30, 50 years from now, are in some part beyond our imagination. >> reporter: hart is not talking about consumer grade 3-d printers, a passing fad that peaked in 2014. >> 3-d printing is slow, it's expensive, there's few things that you can 3-d print and then use right away, you often have to do post processinand finishing and painting, etc., but we're getting there. hart and colleagues founded a company called desktop metal to develop a solution.na tradity 3-d printing works by fusing metal powder togethery la layer with a laser, single-point process limited by the speed of the laser. at desktop metal they alternate

at desktop metal, they alternate layers of metal powder, with a glue-like binder. , e layers are sprayed with multiple print heakjet style. after the part takes shape, it is placed in a furnace where the blast of heat fuses the metal while cooking away the bier. the company claims the process is about 100imes faster than e single point laser technique. based outside of boston, desktop metal is growing fast. oue.o. ric fulop gave me a esof his factory for facto so, this is the main event right here, right? this is-- >> so, this is our production system. thiss the world's fastest metal printer. this machine can make a 150 metric tons of metal per year, 150 metric ton there's nothing else like it. >> reporte the production scale metal 3-d printer is slated for its first delivery to customers early next year. the machine is well suited to make higher-end, lower demand parts like this. >> this is a part made in our production system. this is for bmw.

this is a bmw part. >> reporter: and that's-- it looks like some kind of cooling fan or something like that or water. >> that's a water impeller that goes inside a water pump. >> reporter: but 3-d printing is also spurring another revolution, in industrial design. the technique enables the creation of objects unimaginable using traditional tool and die techniques. the company is designing with software made smartaly the artifintelligence technique called machine learning. and here's the ironic twist; the machine is designingts that appear to come from nature's playbook. check out these two parts. on the left, a sleek human design. on the right, the rootlike handiwork of a smart computer. andy roberts is a software engineer. so, you've tested this and what happened? >> what we find that the parts have been self-organized so that they distribute the strain evenly across the pts. so, there is no sort of hotspots where you get a crack forming for example. >> reporter: so, thietter

than a human could do? >> oh, yes. it is better than a human could do >> reporter: it may be some time before organic looking parts take root. but in the short term, some big players like bmw and caterpillar are anxious to try new ways of manufacturing their current designs. >> a lot of customers for industrial printing do get it. they have been working with the tenologies for many years. studying them and prototyping with them, and there's this urge and thirst for mass production. i wouldn't have said these three to five years ago, but i'm convinced of it now because youo demonstrated >> reporter: if 3-d printing delivers on these promises, it will do much more than upend thr ess of manufacturing. the ripple effects are far reaching. >> from how the designer or the engineer goes about their work to what the factory looks like, to how business agreements are structured, to where factories are placed, to what pron workers do on a daily basis.

it's all going to happen >> reporter: at relativity they nsare still developing desnd printing process, but they have reason to believchthey have la a good idea. they printed this giant, 14-foot tall fuel tank in a matter of days. a traditional manufacturer would have taken a year. but for relativity, the real proof is in the testing, and they have succsfully fired their printed rocket engine 85 times, at nasa's fabled rocket testing center in mississippi. >> so, that's like a fully printed design that woul normally be almost 3,000 parts but we've gotten it down to 3 and really shown that that's robust and that it works.th >> reporter: bend of 2020, the team hopes to be deliveringt sate and other payloads to low earth orbit with fully 3-d- printed rockets. they predict they can cut the cost of even the cheapest

flights today by more than 80%. a game changing number like that would destine manufacturing for ctonic re-tooling layer by layer. for the pbs nehour, i'm miles o'brien. >> sreenivan: new research at finds class in america matters a lot less when it comes to economic mobility for black males. income inequality is often citea as an importanor in holding people back. but a new analysis suggests black boys afa black men are ng disadvantages from catching up economically, even we they start off from a similar point of income anth. yamiche alcindor has our conversation. >> reporter: a new study released this week unoerscores just big a gap african-american males face when it comes to moving up the economic ladder. some of the findings are dramatic. white boys who grew up inich

households are likely to remain that way. black boys also raced at the top are more likely to become poor instead of staying wealthy in their own adult households.ac boys fare worse than white boys? 99% of america, evewhen children grow up next to each other with parents who earn similar incomes. raj chetty of stanford university is one of the co-authors of this study. he joins e now. thank you so much, raj, for being here. thiso report seemsdicate that black men will fare worse than white men, even if they are raised in households with si can you explain what's happening there? >> yes, so one of the most striking findings of the study to us was that even if you take black and whte boys raised in families at exactly the same income lev, even at high income levels, you see that black boys end up with verytc different es on average relative to white men. they're less likely to complete high school, they're les likel to go to college, to have significantly lower earnings in adulthood, and that phenomenony

interestinpplies really only to black men. when we look at blas ver white women, you see much more similar later in their outcomes if they grew up in families of similar incomes. so it's something unique to what's happening to black men in america that i think is really a concern for generations going forward in terms of pe ppetuatig inequality by race. >> and that inequality is striking to me. one of the things th study reports is african-american men who grow up in households with two parents earning $140,000, they fare about the same as a white young man who is raised by a single mother ing just $60,000. how can that be true because it feels so counterintuitive? and what does that mean for african-american families an their futures? >> what you're getting at really is finding there's a great del of downward mobility in black oamilies. you would have tht intuitively is what we expected going in is when you get to a certain income level maybe

racial disparities disappear but thatoesn't seem to be the case. even when your parents reach a segh income level, it continues to be the cahat black men have higher odds of essentially ending up in the bottom of th income distribution than staying at the the top of the income hdistribution and that'syou get this pattish that black men's tcomes look comparable to white men growing up in lower to middle income milies. >> reporter: you mention unique obstacles black men face. are ewith talking about racism and racial bias or what are the youique obstacles black men >> we look how it varies across different parts to have the country, so neighborho neighborhood look and ask are there some neighborhoods where you see small gaps where black b men are doiter than white men and surprisingly you find no such areas. in 99% of neighborhoods in america, you see better outcomes

for whiteen than blafnlgt digging deeper where do we see relatively good outcomes for black men. one, areas where fathers are present in homes among black men, you have btter outcomes for black boys. so isecondly, lower areas where racial bias among whites have bert outcomes for black men. so those are a couple of factord that ce associated with the better outcomes but i think more remains to be understood in terms of exactly what's driving these really sharp differences. >> reporter: i want to talk about the differences between black women and black men. some critics of the study out there arerguing bla women who don't have long-term incomes weren't counted inu your stdy. is that accurate and could you talk a little bit about your findings of black won and the data that you used? >> yes, so we include everyone. the power of the study is we're

able to track using anonymous da about 20 million americans from birth to adulthood, people born in thes early 1980 whose incomes we're looking at in their late 30s, and that includes everyone worng or not. e you're not working you're assigned an inc zero and entered into the study. even taking that intoccnt, black women and growing up in the same family at the same income level as white women independence up with similar levels of outcomes -- similar earning levels, college rates, work at similar rat ies. 's har -- it'remarkable for women you don't see that much black-white disparity. not so for men. i should emphasize that doesn't mean women are living in households with same income levels because black women tend to be married to men who are black with lower incomes and

tes.ied at lower if you look at household income you see a significant dispar between black and white women. but when you look at their own earnings thy look milar. >> one quick question, tell me a little bit about the solutions here. you mentioned in the study mentoring might be a possibility that there might be polic anges. what do you have to say about how this could change. >> in thinking about thelu ons, i think it's very important to remember that you continue to see these diarities, even amonkids growing up on the same street going to the same schools and so on. so often solutions people think of are things like we need to create greater opportunities for black and white kids to grow up in the same neighborhoods, to attend the same schools and so forth to reduce residential or physical segregation in erica, and while i think that can be extremely valuable, what this study shows is you need to do more than that. even among kids growing up in u e same area, yoed to create the same opportunities for black men to thrive as you

see for white men, that could involve things like menri programs, for example my brother's keeper program, targeted at loow-income men give them pathways to success. it could involve efforts to try to reduce racial bias. it could involve efforts to create more racial intwiegration in schools and neighborhoods so black and white kids have similar opportunities. reporter: thank you so much, raj, for joining me. i likely appreciate it.e >> my ure. thank you. >> sreenivsean: one boston ice dog is now a trained lifesaver. adele is one of the first cardiac alert dogs tray pennsylvania-based canine partners for life. as tina martin from pbs station wgbh in bost shows us, she's ven hope to one grateful woman. ol this is adele, a 13-yea black lab, and a literal life saver toarty harris.

>> she has this presence to her. i used to joke that when i'd lk down the street with her people would get out of the way. >> harris was born with a heart condition. >> acute malignant veso vagal neuro cardiogenic syncopy. >> it caused daily fainting spells. the falls resulted in more than 30 concussions. >> when you get a diagnosis and you try all of the normal things that would work for this condition none of it worked for me. i have a very rare complicated version of and at one point the doctors said marty i'm sorry there really nothing more we can do for you >> meaning she would struggle with fainting spells for the rest of helife. then she heard of k-9 partners for life, and met adele, who is a specially trained ca alert dog. >> she started alerting me rigth away and ibeginning everyti me she alerted me i would lay down because i didn't know howt severes. >> adele served as harris' earl warnstem, springing into action when she sensed a drop in blood pressure. >> sometimes she just wants me

to stand still so shell stand im front to keep me from moving for a few minutes she's like a brick wall. if i hado lay down, she would lay across me to keep me from aftting up, until it was se or she would go up under my legs to get the blood to my heart faster. >> once, according to harris' husband, adele was even able to cah her mid-faint. >> he said you started to down and she bowed her body up and she caught you so your head never hit the floor she caught you and lowered you to the grnd. >> harris fainted only twice in the nine years adele was on the job, and, with her newfound security, she started living again. >> i was hiking up mountains and white water rafting and i was ing on all these great adventures with her that i probably wouldn't have done. >> a few years ago, the duo got the attention of harris' fndmer neighborilmmaker melissa dowler. >> this is an incredible story. i've never heard anything like what these dogs were capable of. i didn't even know tre were cardiac alert service dogs. >> she decidedabo make a film out the pair, "the story of

marty and adele." >> what i realized is that we had documented an unbelievable love sry, marty and adele's relationship. it's like soul mates. d >> thes adele is a movie star who gets to spend her day arunging around the house. she retired two yeago and is now the family pet, only working now d then to supervise hector, a four-year-old yellow lab and harris' current cardiac alert tg. >> she likling people what to do. >> well deserved, after a longic career of serve, since for the pbs newshour, i'm tina martin in boston. >> sreenivasan: anwsthat's the neur for tonight. i'm hari sreenivasan. join us on-line and again here pmorrow evening. for all of us at t newshour, thank you and see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> y dad once said to me, tragedy has a way of defining

people. >> what the hell happened, teddy? >> they're treating this like ac crimene. >> we tell the truth-- or at least, our version of it. >> senator, when can we expect some answers? >> we're in this deeper than i thought. >> these theatrics are not going to hold up in a court of law. >> what have i done? >> chappaquiddick, rated pg-13. april 6. >> consumer cellular believes that wiress plans should flect the amount of talk, text and data that you use. we offer a variety of no- contract wireless plans for people who use their phone a little, a lot, or anything in between. to learn more, go to consumercellular.tv >> supported by the rockefeller foundation. promoting the well-being of humanity around the world by building resilience and inclusive economies. more at rockefellerfoundation.org on

>> and with thing support of these institutions and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcastong. and byibutions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org the history detectives, and we'e

some untold stories from america's past. this week, in an encore presentation ,of history detectives why were these two african americans sitting with whites en racial tensions were at an all-time high? oh, man! tukufu: did this se into cowboy history with one of rodeo's most daring invators? [ crowd cheering ] hitler: sieg heil! ly gwendon: and could these rusting film canisters contain unknown footage of one of the 20th century's most heinous murderers? elvis costello: iv ♪ watchin' the dees ♪ i get so angry when the teardrops start ♪ ♪ but he can't be wounded 'cause he's got no heart ♪