captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> wdrf: good wening, i'm judruff. on the newshour tonight, president trump hits china with $60 billion in tariffs for stealing u.s. technology and ad secre guttenberg losett his daughter, jaime, in the parkland, florida, school shooting. now he is mopping gun violence.throh whaa wen through and what my family is going through i just have this need to fight like this. >> woodruff: and, diving deepres rich history. >> 150 years, and it's still intact.

that was never hea onordd ant just in bermuda, but worldwide. i was inhe presence of the oldest intact perfume bottle in the world. >> woodruff: all that and more on tonigshour. p nbsew m fngorbs >> >> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, technology, and improved economic performance and finaial literacy in the 21st century. co

>> carnegioration of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security. at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: and indiduals. >> ts progm was m public broadcasting. d by trank you. >> woodruff: a broadside today from president trump, aimed at china and its trade policies.ri he autd sweeping new

tariffs, amid warnings that this opening battle could turn into a full-on trade war. william brangham begins our coverage. ny>> this is the first of nyfi f ir>> brangham: o thesef latest tariffs directly target beijingn may total up to $60 billion, about 10% of all chinese imports to the united stat. es ments in u.s. technology firms. w he said the u.ld sue china at the world trade organization d s.i lwaeaawhede w t eve>>ryon e remember. we want reciprocal, mirror. some people call it a mirror tariff or a mirror tax. just use the word reciprocal. if they charge us we charge them the same thing. that's the way it's gotta be. >> brangham: the president argues this is punishment for

beijing's alleged efforts at violating u.s. intellectual property rights. the tariffs are the first time the administration hrg directly taed china with trade sanctions. while earlier tariffs on steel and aluminum, which take effect friday, were meant to curb inese over-production, they also affected other nations as the administration temporarily exempted several american allies from those tariffs. china has often said it wants to avoid a trade war but warned it would hit backcessy. >> ( translated ): china will by no means tolerate any harm to our legitimate rights and interests, and we will definitely take all necessary measures to defend our rights and interests.ha >> bra china has threatened to impose tariffs of its own on u.s. agricultural exports, particularly soybeans, which is a $ billion a year siness. aircraft makers like boeing uld also be vulnerable. it is the largest u.s. exporter, and china is its biggest customer. the chinese coulchoose to order more from european

competitors like airbus. on sunday, dozens of business and trade groupstoent a letter the president voicing concerns that he could trigger a trade war with china. and today ah republican senator orrin hatch also criticized the president's move. >> i am deeply disappointed in the decision to impose global tariffs to address a problem caused by china, tariffs or taxes. so i am concerned about the harm that this action would impose on american manufacturers and families. >> brangham: still the president found support in unlikely places. demoeaiccrch>>de i lsc vucerr ys administration is taking strong acti to t a better deal on china, because china has stolen and extorted the intellectual property of american companies for years without repercussion. our intellectual property ares. our family jew >> brangham: the list of chinesl

products that nder these tariffs will be made avail in 15 days.able until then all eyes are on how china might respond. >> woodruf william will be ck with a deeper dive on alls, of tfter the news summary. worries about a trade war sent wall street into a deep dive of its own. the dow jones industrial average plunged 724 points, nearly%, to close below 23,96 the nasdaq fell 178 points, and e s&p 500 slumped 68. a massivspending bill, to fund ofe ntrngo t fmeesheort r it totals $1.3 trillion and runs more than 2,200 pages.oth the hd sete acknowlged it's f from perct t asnded i ada good cerompromise. >> it funds our war on opioids. it invests in infrastructure. it funds school safety and mental heah.

t wh thibill is ultimately about, what we've fought for for so long, is finally giving our military the tools and the resources it needs to do the job. >> this is a bill that puts the middle class and thoseo strugglingt there first. ror nearly a decade, our middle class has suffereda needless and self-impodau erity, limiting investments in jobs and education, infrastructure, scieicnt >> woodruff: the senate now has 24 hrs to act to avoid anoth government shutdown.l weok at the spending bill, and its politics, later in the program. pridentrums le lawr in handling the russia investigation has resigned. john dowd gave no reason, but said in a statement today: "i love the president, and wish him well." dhe new york times" repor mr. trump was increasingly ignoring dowd's legal advice. meanwhile, the house

intelligence committee voted to release republican findings that there was no collusion between the trump campaign and russia. there's word the special counsel leading the russia pbe, robert mueller, is also examining the trump campaign's data operations.thassociated press rs that includes connections to the british firm cambridge analytica. a whistleblower claims the firm stole personal data on 50 million facebook users, and used f oloritalit picen including the trump campaign. outgoing secretary of state rex tillerson bid farewell to hiswa tillersofired by president trump last week, who announced it with a tweet. their work has never been more essent to respect each other. underte to ensure one act of kindness each day towardsot

r person. this can be a very mean-spirited town. but you don't have to choose to participate in that. >> woodruff: the president'sed nominee to sucillerson, c.i.a. director mike pompeo, is set to have h sate confirmation hearing next month. investigators in atin, texas, are still trying to learn what drove a string of bombings that killed two people this month. the 23-year-old spect blew himself up tuesday night aat teams moved in. last night, police said they've found a 25-minute confession on his cellphone. it describes the bombs, but says thing out a motive. the northeastern u.s. startegg g out today from its fourth major storm in three weeks. thstorm dumped heavy snow, especially in pennsylvania and new york. it knocked out power to thousands and disrupted air. trav

meanwhile, heavy rain pounded alifrn and central c seorrious flooding was reportedn the fresno area. worldwide carbon emissions hit . the international energy agency, based in paris, says the increase came as global energy demand jumped sharply. but the united states recorded the largest decline in emissions, largely due to se surge in thef renewable power. and, president trump traded fresh insults today with former vice president joe biden, over which one would win a fist fight. on tuesday, mr. biden cited mr. trump's bragging in 2005 about ghhe said, "if we were in school, i'd take him behind th t gym and beathe hell out of him." mr. trump shot back this morning,n a tweet that said: "he doesn't know me, but he would go down fast and hard, crying all the way."

the president is 71. formerice president biden is 75. still to come on the newshour: congress rushes to pass a $1.3 trillion spending bill. a view from south korea as the u.s. considers talks with the rt h.no at background reveals about china's larger history, and much more. >> woodruff: president trump has long said he considers china a bad actor with the u.s.o trade today he took his biggest steps yet against the country, with a second wave of tariffs on chinese imports. it coms the u.s. trade imbalance with china keeps growing. on mthst, mmth a $375 billion trade gap with china. looat potti

nseqncesf toy's moveh .withhina, american exports to china have also grown. st year, they rose to $1 billion. the pr tariffs could impact roughly 1,300 chinese ports, products buy and wear and use every single day. but will these tariffs have the desired effect? ian bremmer is president and founder of the eurasia group, as well as a global research new york at university. welcome. >> good to be with you. >> brangham: the stock market did not ke the tariffs today, stione. noquems that a 700-plus point drop is probably the largest we've seen in decades on the back directly ricane actn of an ame president. so that's significant for a president who's been talking up the markets withegulatory rollback, corporate tax reductions. business has generally been very

happy with trump. what'snteresting, even though the markets take a bigdup, unlike trump's threatened tariffs to allies all over the world, the corporate community has been increasingly saying to the trump admiotrinn chata, wwen ot getting reciprocity, we don't have market access, tey're stealing our intellectual property. it's rely challenging for u to do business there and we need someone to be tougher. >> brangham: the president kept using the wrd reciprocal today. do you think it will have the intended effect that it will curb china's actions that all these individuals think are so odious. >> if implemented properly and consistently, i think it would might. i can tell y senior chinese officials in the past couple of weeks toll me in the bow for rum coming up in april that xi jinping was going to give a big speech. he's already sort of president for life so cleared the decks.

he wanning on offering aas pbroader reform message in response to amrican pressure. l.'s a big dea t aurbu back o for a coup reasons, first of all because, as you know, american allies are not verppy with the united states now. if we were going to start engage on hitting thehinese hard, our european allies are having the same problems, japanese alls are having the same problem. wouldn't we want them to be aligned with us? that's not where they are. hi'relt ae d aluminum. the inese are writin really big checks. the americans can't even do usks at home. certainly not going it internationally. there's one other big point which is this new taiwan trave act just signed inttrumwhich lat americans can travel senior level to taiwan, will accept taiwanese leaders to the united states. that is a non sequitur the chinese and a red flag.

they will feel backed in the corner. they consider taiwan to be domestic policy and the fact trump has decided to move ah tee same time as he'calating on trade says to the chinese this isn't ust abo trade, this is the americans and trump showing his true colors, we're going to hit you hard. >> brangham: you think because we're not working with our oer allies, because we're doing this other action on taiwan, because we're going at an isolationist way that it won't do what ump wants it to do? >> i think america firsty workable strategy if it's strategic, leads by example and is multi-lateral. instead it's the antithesis of that. it unilateralist, transactiom, it's not doing what it tho nnaes do to tell the chinese we're going to take this ser lookthe chinese under trump to take no otr, weth kor r

seriously. squeezed them. they supported unanimous resolutions at the security council, they cuoff smuggling, they broke down joint ventures with the north koreans. they never would have done that under obama or busand that was because trump was pressuring them. so it's not that american pressure doesn't work against the chinese and we need to execute and show we're willing to take market pain in the united states so they'll take us seouously. but ifant a strategy like this to work, just like on north korea, you need allies and envoys and the rest, trump thats not set himself up for success here. >> brangham: china said today we're not want ago trade war but if you're arting one we'll meet you on the battlefield. do you think that's what's going to happen? >> when we hit them with solar panels last monthhitheus with sorghum. if they end up being charged $50 billion, they're going to hit the united states. they talked soybeans, $15 billion export to the

chinese, that's going to hit red states. ttrump and allies will it on the children there and hit corporate doing business with china. >> brangham: thank you very much. >> woodruff: as we reported earlier, the house of representatives today passed a mammoth $1.3 trillion avending bill tt a government shutdown tomorrow. but its fate is less certain in the senate. hn yang explores what is ahead. >> yang: judla for the very st, we're joined by erica werner, who covers congress fori the "wton post." erica, we can onl -- welcome to? >> well, it's uncertain. li kededenos lytow, do, that isnd n ed gerttosmou tht ief sthiewnt lasted just several hours if course of

one night when he held up a spenng bill that was actually the precursor setting the parameters to the bill thsa he has not sai tod dwho.a he would have the ability again cause to have the compressed ings up.o force a showdown if he he's spent the day jewhoes etinthg hisi nting out things that he views as unnecessary spending, but he has not said what he'toins g do sh. owdown, how long will it last? >> it would not be loger than a day. perhaps a little bit longer than the ability to hold the flan ser so, dending on mc hconnowell tries to enforce e rules. so we are so close, though, to that deadline which is

would be able to, if h hld things -- protected tm as long as he could, force a showdown efor some period of time. usheasotedofh tt pass grumbling from aint?oc >> that's right conservatives in both chambers are very upset about this legislation because of the.ize of the massi increases for the military, but problematic frescs which are se ing an increa about $52 billion in over 2017 levels, th bill funding the remainder of the 2018 budget years. this spending is an of billions of dollars on arafeergytlng feronclam the nal institutes of health. the park service, cleanup of the great lakes, any number of things, some of whi aer

of which conservatives view as within necessary. >> yang: and the democrats have a lot to be hapy about in this bill, don't they? >> that's right and that's part of what getseunder conative cthe pai thtcrats are claiming they got a lot of wins, pointing to numerous agencies, prosgr en h undthatbenderroiedngfutmhan wanting to fund for years, andey diw e getting this win in this omnibus sp bill because, from their minority position in the tse were able to use their leverage it force therirnieorts w lyyothink i ams , shutdown, even thou brief thisfrit w's no jus kn, own att thisis time.

senatopaul has been aske reedlyhrout ek d toy abt what he's going to donoa ju, 'no hanhise office, again,se out an email to reporters in which they declined to show his hand onat he's going to do but directehd reporters to hs g in ctuteres feofed,re him inisaslfve bseill, lists of items that he objects tou bts ingorner of he washington post" and another"t cliffhanger. thanks for joining us. >> tnk yo uff: it's been two weeks since the surprise announcement that president trump had accepted an ofto this spring. last week, i s t korea's foreign minister about that meeting and the nuclear

an wdostffith thrt look from the gr a? om seoulat in joihd fr o ewby correspondent, nick schifrin. let me welcome you, nick, officially, to the newshour family. veu've contributed to the program from allthe world these last couple of years, but will be with us full-time starting this may.yo nickhave been in seoul, talking to south korean and american officials there. what is the msaging you're hearing from them? >> the messaging from both sides is poitive. north a is we are committed to diplomacy, we e committed to talking. so from the south korean side, that's what we have been hearing r a while. an emphasis on dilomacy, an emphasis on trying to bring the u.s. along when it comes to diplomacy. but we're now also heang the message from american officials i'm speaking to andca speciy

through the military exercised between the u.s. and south korea that will happen next month.is these exe have really inflamed the north koreans in the past.ci what u.s. ofals are now saying is they're going to try and ma these exercisessie,o thel limit press conference during the exercise so they're not as public as they u be, ando ted there will be fewer ase ets from th.s. side namely submarines, an aircraft carrier and other military assets, they are suggesting that certainly this military exercise will be as lw key as possible so as not to inflame the north koreans, so as not to risk any damage to the ongoing diplomacy. >> woodruff: nie cwhn yo offialci wt e harath months? >> i think the south korean ficials are very optimistic ut pane ce, even

about unification in the long term, but in the short term they're tryi to tamp down expectations and they say what is success in the next few months?ng bwe idtranm u empi th hey sayav lookme at g whata d tslhe athink about the rhetoric betwen both sides. if we can just get them in the same room with a handsha that's good enough, and then wee lonh tecan m,st whaat carat n happen in r denucleae than mk darizlotie ono, wepand f sustainable past of president trumanadministration kim jong un administration here. >> woodruff: what do the south koreans say they believe the north koreans are willing to do here and what ny tot wamlfrtim? >> yeah, this is where the south koreans are truly optimistic. south koreans think the north koreans are willing to caicclearize both theirand urapt

t n idvepr besut the south koreans say,ok, we talk about irreversible denuclearization, they will talk about that as long as they getrs irrele security prosperity gandtionref, n oy ual ilrs.eecto .nvestment irth koa re one south ko orefanfic ke ud jomper ptry tongyang t convince north koreans the u.s. was serious about north korean t sealtyng 8% increase in the budget, not only military, but navy, air foce, intdrufge selo u are. nick schifrin reporting fromth ine peinn.la

>> thanks very much. uto aatwhos stay with us,p he : co daughter was killed in the paolland shooting. shipwrecks meet futuristic technology. and a woman entrepreneur's tg e on overcomstacles that stand in your way. newarif today underscores the kind of powerhouse it has become on the global stage economically. ranked as the world's second largest economy, and on its way to becoming the largest. tonight, our economics correspondent paul solman hes a personal take about how the country has evolved in thern e s of change, part of his weekly series, "making sense." >> this is a good e.otng a longe amans.

but the faver the last century tracks china's evolution into a globaryl econos >> risstliin aylfendesconsumpti. >> reporter: scott ton g, a former colleague of mine at the newshour, reported on china's explosive economy a dozen years ago as china burea purblic rf adio'sfo marketplace. but he was advised to take the long view. >> when i first moved there in20 , a banker, a salty old banker who had been there for more than more tsan two decades, , "you people come and you get skyscraper syndrome."on >> reporter:told this story to me, and to an audience, at portland oregon's powell's city of books. >> and i said, "what is that?" and he says, "well you kind of-- everything is new so you think china is a new story, and you don't really understand the long story." >> reporter: so, after his stint in modern shanghai, tong returned, with his parents, to seek out his and china's past. the result is "a village with my

stt and aln tinghena "mewi srthichsa ancestral village where everne shared one key trait, as alvin led arenwhne hiee bd tr >> so i said, "what's yourrabl"? t! "ooked at me as if, "you >> reporter: scott's paternal great-grandfather was remembered for leaving the village to study in japan. shear tolo chthat he was partof geration in china. so this early opening to the outside world. >> reporter: great grandfather tong jun-yung symbolizes, fort, sche first of three eras that define modern china: globalization at the tn of tlhe 20 centhl connecting with these modern ideas, these isms of the time: darwism, empiricism, maism, all these modern ideas at the time and

theyalere kind of these cultur middlemen. he also married a japanese wifee n fe back in the village w bacth >> reporter: when mao ze communist party took control ins 1949 chinalosed its doors. collectivizing agriculture helped cause a famine that killed up to 40 million people. and a new generationf cosmopolitan tongs found themselves on the wrong side of history. >> my father was ten years old and he got to ta theiwaneventually comes to u.s. for graduate school and has this great, white-collar, american ceer. gets left behind. hi>> rr eporanter: ad nd hisot r left behind because? >> my grandfather decides that he is just going to take his older son with him. and he leaves one son and the wife he leaves behind is pregnant with another son. >> reporter: those left behindfo were punishetheir family's ties to mao's opposition.

>> my uncle was a great student, but he wasn't allowed to go to the best schools. during the great leap fo fard, during tine period, they had fewer rations than other families. they're eating the, they're taking the, scraping tree bark tofes f >> rofeporterer: j tust heto t down. >> just to be able to get that down.in the other that happened to lea hom the peasants. >> reporter: lea to farm. >> learn how to farm. learn the values of the revolution, and then come back. and my uncle received one of the longest sentences of ten years. >> reporter: on scott's mother's side, his grandmother mildred jow escaped with her children to hong kong.his grandfather carles convicted as a bu ry.volutiona >> he got sent to the chinese g laguhe

and the prisoners who were sent there, like in the soviet union, most of them didn't come back. >> reporter: they died there. t. my grandfather, he didn't make it b>>ack. but we learned a lot of what prisoners went through then. the prisoners would talk about how many grams of food they got in the worst of times. there is a noted documentary. there's this searing scene where one of the prisoners vomits onto the ground, falls on the ground. and then one of the other prisoners kind of follows him >> i've en trying to avoid that subject all my life. >> reporter: scott's mother, anna, was understandably reluctant to revisit this painful past. >> i lost my dad when i was around t.t topainful to go back. i finally realized, everyly chinese fan our generation had this story, and so many t us do not watell it. and thinthesstors ne

to be told. >> reporter: the tongs' story coinin t t eraf modern china, which began after mao's death: a gradual re- opening to outside investment and ideas, which paved the way for today's massive industrial economy. scott's cousin worksn a gm plant, one of a dozen in china. s h a pvee' try not only works as a manager in that factory, but he drives ad brth great cachet in china, and that's buick. >> reporter: so, he's sitting pretty. >> from the outside, everythings life, right? anchinese life is improving at about ten percent a year, right? numerically, life is just getting better throughout his life. he has a nicer, sleeker laptopha fancier camera than i have. >> reporter: i'm sorry, i'mr sorry to hat. >> i mean, that's just kind of lw it is, right? nges, and the biggesaltle pr

lem this generation has in china today is being able to afford property. maybe uconiulted d wostrk f yor ten y some property. 30 40 years. >> reporter: really?o justy anything? >> to be ae to buy something is just virtually out of reach. and so why does this matter? well a lot of women in china, they're not ing to marry you unless you have property, right? they're looking for financial security as well. i mean, this is a place where there's a lot of uncertainty. and the story that breaks my heart about my cousin is his girlfriend in the plant, she left him for one of his other friends in the plant, because this friend owns property. >> reporter: turns out the workers who took american auto jobs have stresses of their own: they're competing for jobs, property, spouses. the communist party, which has now set up president xi jinping to be ruler foarfer igu, es >> the people defending the communist pay will say, you

know, "we have had so much chaos and instability in a single lifetime that we need someone to kind of bring the stability to the country." and that's the party. >> reporter: at a meeting of alvin and anna tong's church book club, members enjoyede chinw year treats and shared their own encounters with the communist party. >> how many of you have been to china? this is a lot of people here >> reporter: ken kraft felt the vcavy hand of the government when he opened av office in shanghai in 2001. >> we ways had to bring people in that were part the government, and we had to make sure that their hands were w ol greased er for them to get to the next level. >> reporter: jim godfrke resisted a swn in zhsu.. >> if you ever do a ith they're going to outdeal you >> repor and he sees chi er flexing its might in more worrisome ways. >> politically, i worry about

what's going on in china. >> reporter: the building of new islands in disputed international wars, increased tensions with allies like japan and south korea. so, has china entered a fourth phase, another closing down? scott tong's take: "maybe." >> there's more open criticism of outside ideas, western democracy, western free press. e internet. and these other ways that a young person can go out and connect, so, there's this push and pull that's happening in china. >> reporter: a tug of war that'g this is pbs newshour economics correspondent paul solman in portland, oregon.

>> woodruff: we have breaking news now. teother high-level shaup ituwhet that h.r. mcmaster as national security advisor is out to be replaced b former ambsador john bolton. bolton will be th third person to fill that role. our john yang is here to fi us in with what we know. john, we have been hearing h.r. mcmaster might be out for some time. what has happened? what about -- how did he and the president get along? >> this is another one ofthese long-living, long, slow death of resigtions of this administration. remember, he was sort of forced upon the preside when, after michael flynn had to resign -- or was fired at his first national security advisor. he was a -- he is a thee-star general, he's active service in the armymaintained service in the army but in announcement tonight says he will retire from the army which is a little of a spies because theavree be reports out of the pentagon the people were looking for jotat ceh, bft alaunding fcoor b

but the two never really gelled according to people in the administration. he didt like t president -- the president didn't like the way mcmaster br he felt like mcmaster was lecturing him, which is is president does not like. now they have mutually agreed, according to the white house statement, that mcmaster will resign. >> woodruff: he was known for his academic background, had written a book onvietnam war. let's talk about john bolton. li--ttdolein the george. ws. aa ng because he's a little bit of a firte of a bomb thrower. he was a protege of the slate senator jesse holmes of north carolina. he was a recess appointment toe thn. he was very critical of the u.n. then he left that post when e recess appointment would have to have been renewed in a formal nomination made becausgotoe se s nfirmation when the docrats

took over. >> woodruff: he served a little over a year. >> a little over a year. druff: in that position. t we have been wha hearing and reading about this, he has been heading up ati political committee to raise money for conservative causes. >> a super pac that has been raising money. the last expenditure just a couple of days ago. he is a very strong voice in thi conser wing of the party. he was at the american enterprise institute for a while. this is -- it's going to beeeows gotoc e l.ndg stineived in the pomuign clicy >> woodruff: i aemember th number of leading republican figuin theolicy arena did not want jo pgn forhnn ed. his name was tommast we anas ch. >> t y was seen a little bit outhasg rithe main stream. also another interesting point,a this is thst fox news commentator to be brought into the administration. it's as if -- and the preside does watch fox news a lot based

on his tweets, so i think he seems to be t tkiahnge pe inside the white house. >> woodruff: so we shoyuld sa john yang, thank you, is comes on the heels as the prdee hisres national security advisor, the two peinleplog te hine naonal security. on the eve of talks -- apparent t wiksothr nu. >> woodruff: as many as one million people are expected to march against gun violence in washington and other cities this weekend,n action sparked by last month's deadly shooting at stoneman douglas high school in parkland, florida. 14-year-old jaime guttenberg was among the 17 who died that day. jaime's father, fred guttenberg, has since become one of the most vocal of the parents who lost a

child, advocating for reformin joins me now from davie, florida.gu mrberg, first of all, the most sincere condolences in the loss of your daughter. >> thank you, rough month. >> woodruff: i can only imagine. what does this march on saturdau mean to y? >> the march on saturday means that we are on our way to i vy orteal comsemonse gunsan period of time, these kids and the people of this country have stepped up and spoken upnou," at you're going to see is not just in washington but around the country possibly the largestf pg me o teerl nut to beb able to go to school, go t the church, a movie theater,

anywhere, without fear of being shot, and they're going to demand it, d they're going to oemand tisleharslag dto getinr business community step up and take a leadership action, today the latesleexahat was citigroup. if theuin bcoss esmur legislators andeth time that they act. >> woodruff: do you think that this is going to lead to meaningful change in terms of people who arel ees?ct and i ask that because congress passedthepending bill today, is in the process of passing it, and it conins, what, $1.5 billion in some measures to ma schools safer, to step up the background check system but it's not tange you and others are calling for. >> well, no, it's not, and it's a greatuestion. listen, do i think we're goinga. these are some simple facts.

if we don't now,emof m . as a reminder, these kids wh are marching, they're going to be voting really soon. the mothers of these fmilie that are standing around and the fathers lie kerlf m, see we up. ow, i've had some conversations wiople over the past month about how, youe thknow, pwe reay can't make a difference, how our voice doesn't matter, and if there's anything that i think we've proven in the past month is that nur voice does matter, that whe ned innk up, when we demitappe ac florida. a state where you never would have expected a gun safety reform bill, and we have it. look at what is happening now in the business community. unfortunately, washington, wet ellks to be leaders. they're not. they're legislators. they're followers. folver, they'r tine go lowhat's happening. i am optimistic that tey will

bunta ooe thofimisti tc they are watching what thsiness community is doing. i am also optimistic that theyng will be pattention to the news around what their donors ise doing because everythin moving away froem when it comes to gun safety. they will eithy act or th will be fired, but we will get n country. >> woodruff: as you know so well, fred guttenberg, what the that this is all about young people with an emo a me ntoral -- an emotionalaltion disturbance orl lss t' aout sc ahety, makiur some shs itngools shat,re the at's allsc correct -e- mencl illness is part of it, makg sureischools are saf part of it -- however, the commonno nator in every tragedy is the gun, and, unfortunately orthth gunk

influence has been unfortunately larg oerrou en over the yearsce, and is wning. eir money is going away. public opinion has tur t m i sakyoneldnel you, i have received -- for every message i've gotten from someone in then gomplabs ab lout what i, agesi' fvero m osonethou i keow? you're re ht. the isn't the membership, it's the leadership, and even the members of the n.r.a. are saying our leadership s failed us. they're out of touch. ei cttup ofrer.a. cards. so when you ask me do i think the gun lobby or whoever else says it's about school safety, talabout security and m health, they're right. i'm not going to tell them that's not part of it, but guns are part of it, too.

>> woodruff: you are a private citizen, mr. gutenberg, and yet i've seen you stand up andla tts senator marco rubio from yourin. wheris that courage coming om 1?4fr, but she was tough. honestly, the toughest person k. d unfortunately, the way she died was running down a hallway with a gun at her back, and she was running f life, and every seco i think about the fear in her as she was doingt is fighting to live. honestly, because of what she we's perspective,

but i r doabout because nothing anuld be like what shemongd,re ytexpenyriennd a until i me go through what my daughter went through and what my family is going through, i just have this need to fight like this. this h gone on too many times. in the past, whenever these tragedies have happened, i've found the conversation afterwards to always be way too polite, way too comfortable and way too temporary i don't feel like being polite, i don't feel like making people comfortable, and i don'l lioinuntt feil something gets done. and that comesrom my daughter.wh do th s.dr >> wof: fred guttenberg, our hearts go out to you and your family. twe can't imagine whats like to go through what you're going through, but we thank you very

>> thank you. oo >>uff: who doesn't love a shipping yarn, especially when there's a ship wreck involved? but now some old wrecks arebe g tied to very futuristic technology. in the f jeffrey brown takes us to bermuda and san diego for his going series, "culture aro >>: it's not our usual dress, or mode oon transportati that takes us underwater exploring shipwrecks in bermuda. >> shipwrecks have to be cultural heritage. they can't be anything but the total summation of a certain culture's way of trying to move across the water >> brown: and also goes on a very different kind of dive. >> we can literally dive and swim toward the shipwreck

itself. >> brown: ...through virtual reality, in a lab in sango dghte billion data points that have been cleed for t e realetegin in th island territory that sits 600 miles to the east of the u.s. and is home to 65,000 residents. it's known for its breathtaking cotl ain bstndatesea t, hechsitt y of the "bermuda triangle," and its four centuries-long history shipping and wrecks, some 300 of them that have crashed along the island's encircling reefs. >> there's a charming feeling about being around a shipwreck.o e, it's quintessentially bermudia this kind of thing,ls but ito eroding. >> brown: ilippe rouja, who's been diving and exploring these

sites since he was teenager,fore e efhenow thads 'sthem as part of the isla cultural heritage, a way to understand its story. the 49-year-old is bermuda's official custodian of historic shipwrec a.d on >> i guess when you're surrounded by 300 shipwrecks, problem. it's a fairly singular bermuda nyo prg .avm,toin >> the wrecks are everywhere. actually, you stumble on them ksl the time. >> brown: shipwrec have defined bermuda from its earliest days. in 1609, shipwrecked english colonists were the first to arrive on the uninhabited island while they attempted to bring supplies to the british colony of jamestown. >> shipwrecks were our economy. we are a shipwreck-based economy bermuda in that kind of mass.

ys buja sa hat followed.t they're literally the only goods products that would get bermuda in that kind of mass. other than movincargo around, a shipwreck suddenly means that the local populaulon early on have access to wood and timber and iron and sails, and all those goods thot you can't gerwise because the >> brown: also left behind: thousands of artifacts, providing clues about life on board thship, trade and the economy of a given period, and sech more. most now sit in mus, like the bermuda underwater unploration institute. but many can be in private collections like that of william gillies, an amateur oceanographer and diver who began exploring bermuda's wrecks t thabole we n te to in 1715, 1720 and we knew that they got the cipher n r.

anwe know that george the first came to the throne in so we said, well, they tie in ry nicely, so we put a date of 1714 on it. >> bwn: gillies is an expert at restoring shipwrecked artifacts and rouja sometimes brings him new findings to study. >> i think it'le- the cork has ed and i think it has dregs in it. but i don't think it's the pure wine. >> brown: rouja discovered this bottle of wine, thought to be more than 150 years old, whilema surveying the s of the "mary celestia," a blockade runner use by the confederacy which sank in 1864 undersumouri cian mces.ys >> brown: there was no wine- hetasting for us, but anotrbo find, le of perfume, offered a rare smell of the past, when roujarought it to isabelle ramsey-brackstone of the lili bermuda perfury. >> in a shipwreck that's 150

and it's still intact. that was never heard of and not just in bermuda, but worldwide. i was in t presence of the oldest intact perfume bottle in the world. >> brown: the liquid had decomposed, leaving an awful stench. but a chemical analysishowed the fragrance was made from grapefruit, ambers and musks. >> and we said, "okay, now let's recreate it to what it would have smelled when it actually sank 150 years ago." >> brown: so this is the scent of the british royal court in >> yes. victoria, queen victoria would have worn this, yes.ed qu forararchlo d realve sesarticts belong to the government. but the wrecks also servean another impofunction, in bermuda's efforts to preserve its marine ecosystem in the face h global warming and the depletion of fispulatis.

the fish, in fact, love them. we visited the hulking remains of two919 wrecks, the "emma davis" and the "norkoplin." above water, they're almost like beautiful, rted sculptures. now we're literally able to stand inside the ship. >> yeah, now we're in it, and actually it lets you see some of the elegant details of it. >> brown: below water, another kind of wonder: the wreckage transformed into a new kind of reef. ow sbes ofr the ecosystem here. fish are swimming arou. >> yeah. everything's hiding in it. >> brown: indeed, rouja is relying on the romance to interest a new generation in thalr cultural and environme importance. but he and others are now doing

much more, virtually taking these wrecks out of the ocean, and into a high tech lab, where they'll ha a new life, accessible to everyone. we'll have that part of the n story tomorrht. for now, for the pbs newshour, i'm jeffrey brown in black bay, bermuda. >> woodruff: on the newshour online right now, another update xuo ur inves ititisenton almi callg -day has announced to its ithaf iat action plan to address sexual harassment and retaliation in the agency.r

tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us online and again here tomorrow evening with ma shields and david brooks. th h. st.rmc john bolton. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and see you soon. newshour has been provided by:bs >> my dad once said to me, tragedy has a way of defining people. >> wt the hell happened, teddy? >> they're treating this like a crime scene. >> we tell the truth-- or at least, our version of it.wh >> senator, en can we expect some answers? >> we're in this deeper than i thought. >> these theatrics are not going to hold up in a court of law. >> what have i done? >> chappaquiddick, rated pg-13. april 6.

>> and with the ongoing support of the isetitituson pole bthrporior puicadcain rabyon>>hiuts iopr tm o deyouros yowaation s from viewers like thank you. captioning sponsored by neroduiollc gro at wgbh access.wgbh.org and we're going to investigate

some untold stories from america's past. gwendolyn: this week, is this shell from a terrifying peacetime attack that rocked manhattan th long before september wes: could this farmhouse door in nebraska have sailed into battle one of the country's greates? elyse: and did this unassuming house once protect an americlo co almost 300 yrs ago? elvis costello: ♪ watch ' the detectives ♪ ♪ i get so angry when the teardro start ♪ ♪ but he can't be wounded 'cause he's got no heart ♪ ♪ watchin' the detectives ♪ it's just like watchin' the detectives ♪